Abstract:In this study, 57 resistant soybean collections from both China and US were used as materials. They were detect for SNPs at rhg 1 and Rhg 4 loci by using single based chain extension with a microsphere-based assay. The purpose was to illustrate the distribution of alleles at SNPs loci in Chinese accessions and provides the information for utilization of SCN resistant accessions in China. The comprehensive resistances of Chinese soybean SCN resistant accessions were more related to the SNPs genotypes compared to resistance for each SCN race. At both rhg 1 and Rhg 4 loci, 7 of 9 US resistant accessions appeared to be resistant genotypes, and 37 of 49 had resistant genotypes too, taking 77 8% and 66 7% of the total accessions, respectively. Based on this result, it was postulated that most of the Chinese resistant accessions in this study had resistance by interaction of both rhg 1 and Rhg 4, but the other resistant accessions may have different resistant mechanism.

Abstract:本研究以H2 1×Mo17的F2 :3 群体 (12 0个家系 )为作图材料 ,利用SSR和AFLP标记对玉米资源H2 1的亚洲玉米螟抗性进行了数量性状位点 (QTL)分析。结果表明 ,基于叶片侵食度性状 ,检测到 3个QTL ,分别位于染色体 1、5、8上 ;基于茎秆虫孔数性状 ,检测到 3个QTL ,分别位于染色体 4和 10 (2个 )上 ;基于茎秆隧道长度性状 ,检测到 2个QTL ,位于染色体 4和 8上 ;以隧道长度 /虫孔数为鉴定性状 ,检测到 1个QTL ,位于染色体 4上。这些QTL所能解释的表型变异在 7 7%～5 1 8%之间。超显性是QTL作用的主要方式。

Abstract:Relationships and parental specific markers among sugarcane germplasm were analyzed with RAPD. 25 arbitrary primers with polymorphism were selected and used to make the RAPD fingerprinting of 41 sugarcane germplasm. The RAPD data were clustered using UPGMA method. It showed that genetic diversity existed among sugarcane cultivars and relative species. But the genetic similarities were high among these sugarcane germplasm, indicating their close relationships. Some specific RAPD markers were amplified from some sugarcane parental species with some certain arbitrary primers. The parental specific RAPD markers could be observed at a higher frequency in their progenies.

Abstract:Plasmid DNA with foreign chitinase gene was introduced into water melon lines by the approach of pollen-tube pathway. Transgenic plants were obtained by basta screening and PCR amplification.Three transgenic lines with improved resistance to Fusarium wilt were selected by natural occurrence and artificial inoculation. The results indicated that the chitinase had certain inhibition effect on Fusarium oxysporum, and the method of pollen tube pathway could be successfuly used in watermelon transformation.

Abstract:豆象是绿豆主要仓储害虫，目前生产上尚无可直接利用的抗豆象品种。本通过对20个抗豆象育种品系主要农艺性状和营养品质、抗痛虫及抗逆性综合分析，发现参试品系多属早熟、大粒、高蛋白类型，但在抗虫性、耐干旱、耐瘠薄、单株荚数、单株产量、抗叶斑痛、耐盐性等方面存在较大差异，具有广阔的遗传选择余地。筛选出97—28、98—15、97—15、97—17、97—19等农艺性状优良的抗豆象品系。

Abstract:对玉米自交系Mo17种子分别进行58℃热水和45℃恒温老化处理并对种子老化过程中种子发芽率、EST同工酶酶谱变化与染色体畸变规律进行了研究。结果显示：Mo17玉米种子萌发一天的种子胚EST酶谱共表现为14条清晰条带，58℃热水处理30min后，有四条酶带(Rf值为0．44、0．47、0．77、0．80)消失，酶带号为1、2、6、7、9的五条酶带着色变浅。由一、二级酶带变为二、三级酶带。45℃恒温老化处理60d后，Mo17种子EST酶谱中编号为2和5的两条酶带(Rf值为0．33、0．39)消失。处理70d后，种子发芽率降至39％，醇带号为11、12、13、14的四条酶带消失。随着老化时间延长。老化程度不断加重，发芽率低的玉米种子其根尖染色体畸变率相对较高，单桥、双桥、断片、落后及其它染色体畸变类型均被观察到。58℃热水老化其发芽率降至5％时，染色体畸变率上升为12．22％。

Abstract:wheat varieties (lines) were identified for resistance to different races of Puccinia striiformis f.sp tritici, a causal agent of wheat stripe rust, in Gansu during 1994-2002. The results showed that the resistant level of winter wheat was higher than that of spring wheat and the resistance of Gansu's varieties was better than that of varieties collected from other provinces. The results in the fields indicated that the varieties released in the main wheat production areas were susceptible to stripe rust and only a few Gansu's varieties, such as Longjian 127, were resistant. Some of resistant sources used in breeding at present were resistant and some became susceptible. By artificial inoculation with different races, field monitoring for resistance to stripe rust and powdery mildew and survey of agronomic characteristics, 20 accessions were identified as good sources for breeding in the future.

Abstract:Six identical japonica rice varieties from two sources were cultivated in the field. One set was from seeds stored in the National Long-term Genebank and was used as the control, and the other was from the seeds having higher regeneration cycles and being used in the production all along. Differences between the two sources on seedling emergence rate, growth duration, agronomic traits and grain quality were studied. Deterioration in chalky quality was observed for rice of higher regeneration cycles on five of the six varieties, whereas no significant differences were shown for other quality traits. On the other hand, the number of filled grains per panicle was lower for those from the genebank, indicating that long time storage in low temperature might result in a decline of grain number. In addition, emergence rate of stored seeds was also relatively lower than that of higher regeneration cycles.

Abstract:Twenty-eight soybean accessions were selected from the National Genebank,including 19 Mancangjins from various regions,9 accessions having related pedigree.The relationships between all accessions were characterized by agronomic traits and SSR markers. Base on the data came from agronomic traits and SSR,there were obvious differences between all of 28 accessions.23 SSR primers were used and 151 alleles were detected with average 6.6 alleles per locus. Analyzing all Mancangjin's genetic relationship with Jinyuan and Huangbaozhu which are authenticatedas as the parents of Mancagjin,it is speculated that ZDD00078 and ZDD00924 are more conceivably derived from the cross between Huangbaozhu and Jinyuan.

Abstract:用扫描电镜对中国的普通野生稻、药用野生稻、疣粒野生稻以及栽培籼、粳稻谷粒外稃的乳突结构进行了观察和比较。结果表明：普通野生稻、药用野生稻和栽培籼稻的乳突属锐型双峰乳突，疣粒野生稻的乳突属瘤型单峰乳突，栽培粳稻属钝型双峰乳突。谷粒外稃乳突特征是稳定的微观形态形状。

Abstract:The powdery mildew resistance genes in 11 tetraploid wheat-Aegilops amphidiploids, Triticum carthlicum acc. PS5, Triticum durum acc. DR147, 4 Aegilops accessions and advanced lines Am9/Laizhou953*2 F 5 and (DR147/Ae14)//Laizhou953*2 F 4 were analyzed by inoculating detached primary leaf segments with a set of 20 differential powdery mildew isolates. By comparisons of the response pattern of differential wheat cultivars or lines and application of the gene-for-gene hypothesis, we deduced that resistance gene Pm4b occurred in line Am9/Laizhou953*2 F 5, and an unknown resistance gene in combination with resistance gene Pm4b occurred in T. carthlicum acc. PS5. Line (DR147/Ae14)//Laizhou953*2 F 4 and T. durum acc. DR147 possessed an unknown resistance gene in combination with resistance gene Pm4a,respectively Ae. caudata acc. Ae14 and Ae. umbellulata acc. Y39 showed resistance to all the isolates tested, they should carry a novel resistance gene because no powdery mildew resistance gene has been introgressed into common wheat from Ae. caudata and Ae. umbellulata. Except in Am9, the resistance of T. carthlicum acc. PS5 or T. durum acc. DR147 was in part suppressed in an amphidiploid, the resistance of Aegilops accession was completely, or in part, suppressed in an amphidiploid.

Abstract:Fifteen characters of cotton yield and quality were analyzed with Grey Correlation Method. Synthetic estimates on long-staple cotton lines tested was given in this paper, which provided scientific basis for approval and application of new varieties.

Abstract:甘薯近缘野生种与甘薯栽培品种的杂交结实率研究表明，甘薯栽培品种与不同倍性I．trifida的平均杂交结实率为9．33％，其中与六倍体I．trifuta杂交结实率最高，与二倍体I．trifida杂交结实率最低；与四倍体I．1ittoralis杂交的平均结实率为4．22％；与I．leucantha杂交的平均结实率为0．75％。甘薯与近缘野生种杂交，其后代的结薯性出现广泛的分离，甘薯与六倍体I．frifida的杂交后代结薯率高于与其它低倍体的野生种。在甘薯栽培品种与近缘野生种的杂交后代中选出了一些优良的杂种后代。利用六倍体I．trifida与甘薯栽培品种杂交和回交，从其后代中选育出了苏渝303和渝苏297等甘薯品种。

Abstract:Through investigation of the 29 varieties of L.esculentum in the locae germplasm repository, the results indicated that there were at least 10 pairs of morphological genic variations,which could provide the rich potential of different genetic recombination. It reflected to certain extent that the germplasm repository had the potential to preserve genetic diversity. The preliminary results through examining the fruit quality of 7 F 1 using 6 parents showed that some qualities of the F 1 would surpass those of the marketing varieties. By using 18 RAPD primers to amplify DNA of 6 parents and their 8 F 1, the results showed that 12 different primers varied in the relative ability for showing the polymorphism of the varieties. The primers that can both amplify and efficiently show the polymorphism were A11, K05, C15 and A17, in which K05 and A11 could produce most amplified bands. Furthermore, the primers A11 and C19 could be used to examine the purity of 2013B, and B11 to 2018A.

Abstract:Soybean(Glycine max)production varieties and germplasm from 14 Chinese major planting provinces in the year of 2002 have been investigated with regard to protein and fat contents . The investigation showed that the average protein and fat content of soybean germplasm appeared to be higher than those of the varieties used in production ,respectively. The range of fat content of germplasm was so broad as to exhibit superior selective advantage in soybean breeding for higher fat contents. The average protein content of the domestic soybean germplasm was higher than that of germplasm introduced from abroad, and the average fat content of germplasm from abroad was higher than the domestic germplasm .The average protein content of the soybean varieties from the Huanghuaihai ecological region seemed to be higher than that of varieties from the northern ecological region.However, the average protein content of soybean varieties used in production from the Huanghuaihai ecological region at present proved to be lower than that of newly bred testing varieties in the same region .The same varieties planted in different locations varied greatly in respect of fat contents.

Abstract:小麦种子被干燥和超干燥至9．0％，8．0％，7．0％，6．0％，5．0％，4．0％后，密封包装于江西南昌常温保存。保存五年后，发芽结果表明，小麦种子于亚热带地区常温保存，必须先经过干燥密封包装。种子最适含水量介于7．0％～9．0％之间。不同品种阃有差异。种子经发芽生长至三叶一心期，取幼苗(茎与叶)，用AFLP分子技术对其单株及20株的混合样品进行遗传稳定性鉴定。结果表明，每对引物的AFLP图谱谱带丰富，不同引物的清晰带有26至52条，不同品种间差异带在3至6条。同一品种不同的含水量之间AFLP图谱谱带整齐划一，未见明显差异。同一含水量不同混合样品或单株样品间也未见差异，表明小麦种子经干燥、超干燥后于亚热带地区(江西南昌)常温保存五年后。在AFLP分子水平上未见遗传变异。同时本研究也为贮藏种子的遗传完整性研究提供了一个新的思路。

Abstract:One hundred and twenty five landraces of common wheat from Tibet were evaluated for their agronomic characters. The resucts showed that the plant height of most accessions was too high to be used for breeding program and the tiller number of most accessions was less than ten. Obvious differences were found in spike length, number of spikelets and per length spikelet and some special types such as musti-spikelet types and dense spike types were included. Correlation analysis of characters shown that the increase in the number of tillers and spikelet per spike and the length of spike would cause the increase in the plant height and the decrease of 1000-grian weight. In most cases, the accessions with the longer spike length would always have more spikelet.Moreover, the utilization porential, strategies and the reason for different performance of Tibetan waeet in Dujaingyan,Sichuan also are discussed.

Abstract:This paper presents the progress of research on germplasm resources, genetic control of fiber color of naturally colored cotton. The combination of conventional breeding and biotechnology is the development mainstream for the future's naturally colored cotton, which will promote the development of fiber quality improvement and color innovation.

Abstract:Sitobion avenae(Fabricius)is a serious pest of wheat in China. Breeding and planting resistant varieties is an ideal way to control Sitobion avenae. Progress of studies on screening resistant wheat germplasm resources, resistance mechanism and effect of varieties on population dynamics of wheat aphid is reviewed. In the future, research on resistant genes against Sitobion avenae should be strengthened.

Abstract:Dactylis glomerata L. is a worldwide-cultivated species for its high yield, good quality and shade resistance. China also holds an extensive distribution of wild Dactylis. However, reports on researches on Dactylis glomerata are still rare. This review summarized the morphological, cytological and molecular diversities of Dactylis glomerata. Genetic polymorphism of Dactylis glomerata exits at all levels. It can be predicted that Systematical studies on genetic diversity of wild orchard grass rich in China should be very important to reasonable conservation, utilization and breeding of new varieties of Dactylis glomerata.