Abstract:为了了解莱薹种质内的遗传多样性,确定适宜的更新群体,从一份菜薹地方品种的200株群体中随机抽取10、15、20、25、30、35和40株组成不同的群体,利用RAPD技术分析各自的多态位点数、计算多态位点百分率、遗传多样性指数和缺失位点数.通过对各参数的比较结果表明,该种质内单株间的遗传差异较大,大于30株的群体能代表200株群体的遗传多样性.在满足其完全随机交配的前提下,可视为更新的有效群体.根据更新时繁种群体应为有效群体2倍的原则,认为不小于60株的群体为莱薹种质更新比较适宜的群体.

Abstract:Three natural populations of ( O. rufipogon ) in Yuanjiang are distributed at the top of a hill (780 m) and separated about 100 m each other. To investigate the genetic diversity of the populations, 30 SSR primers were used and 77 alleles were detected. The results indicated that the genetic variability of the wild rice in Yuanjiang is relatively high (Ap=2 6, Hs=0 77) and the coefficient of gene differentiation (G ST ) was 41 08%, meaning that the genetic variability among populations was high and all populations should be conserved separately. Moreover, even in the same population, individuals being distributed in different micro environments have different genetic backgrounds. Therefore, random sampling with artificial selection is necessary for ex situ conservation.

Abstract:After cold hardening the content of free proline, hydroxyproline combined with cell wall, and glycoprotein changed obviously in wheat seedlings of strong cold resistant varieties R 025, Zhongpin 94 19, Pin 83 1, Pin 83 2, Pin 83 3, and Mironov 808. The accumulating process of proline varied in different varieties, and the correlation between proline content and cold resistance of wheat was not significant (correlation coefficient=0 3462). But both hydroxyproline and glycoprotein had a significant correlation with the cold resistance of wheat, and the correlation coefficients of them were 0 6491 and 0 7039, respectively. Two types of extensin protein, Extensin 1 and Extensin 2 were purified on a CM cellulose column, and they both had a positive relationship with the cold resistance of wheat. SDS PAGE and amino acids analysis demonstrated that Extensin 1 was a kind of hydroxyproline rich glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 28 kD, and hydroxyproline was the major component of it(32 mol%).

Abstract:IR36×八宝米F2单株直链淀粉含量与农艺、米粒外观性状相关性及其遗传分析表明,18个性状有9个性状与直链淀粉含量呈极显著(P＜0.01)或显著(P＜0.05)相关性,尤其直链淀粉含量与垩白长(0.353**)、株高(-0.242**)、结实率(0.235**)、第一节间长(0.195**)的相关系数达极显著水平(P＜0.01),直链淀粉含量9%～15%是籼型软米杂种后代的重要指标;八宝米的垩白长和第一节间长均表现部分显性主效基因,籼型八宝米低直链淀粉基因和IR36的矮秆基因均为1对隐性主效基因控制,表明八宝米的优质基因易于转育或表达,可广泛用于水稻优质米育种;用SSR标记将软米基因有关的低直链淀粉含量定位于第6染色体上与RMl90连锁,其遗传距离为18.8cM.

Abstract:Fuzzy synthetic evaluation was done by using nine economic characteristics of fruits in 34 pomegranate cultivars in China. The results showed that the synthetic fruit quality of Wanliu No.3, Wanliu No.2, Wanliu No.1 and Dabenzi were ranked first, and the proper grading method was postulated. The results of correlation and regression analysis of economic characteristics showed that 100 grain weight and juice content, and soluble solid substance and sugar content, the ratio of sugar and acid, and juice content and the ratio of sugar and acid, and the ratio of sugar and acid and sugar content had the extremely remarkable positive correlation, while juice content and peel smoothness had the extremely remarkable negative correlation. The results of principal component analysis showed that cumulative variances about the front five principal components had reached 87 67%, which could represent all the information of nine economic characteristics.

Abstract:Sixty Soybean cultivars or lines were evaluated for their responses to strains 41 1, PMC1, USAR1, PSZJ6, and USAR17 of Phytophthora sojae using the hypocotyls inoculation technique. Fifty cultivars or lines were identified that confer resistant or intermediate responses to one or more of the five strains of the pathogen. Of these, 5, 8, 16, and 21 cultivars or lines confer resistant or intermediate responses to 4, 3, 2, and 1 strain of the pathogen, respectively. Sixty cultivars or lines elicited 12 different reaction types with the 5 strains of the pathogen. The cultivars or lines showing reaction type RRSSR were postulated that carry gene Rps1a or Rps1c. Line Nongda 3861 was inferred to possess gene Rps3c. The cultivars or lines showing reaction type SSSSS were deduced that have gene Rps7 or no resistant gene. Unknown genes were postulated to occur in the cultivars or lines that elicit the other reaction types. In Heilongjiang province, there are more plentiful soybean cultivars or lines resistant to Phytophthora root rot, and majority of the resistant cultivars or lines are effective to prevalent virulence of P. sojae, and can be used for Phytophthora root rot control.

Abstract:A new resistant germplasm, Y238, to rice bacterial blight (BB) was identified from 269 Oryza rufipogon accessions. It harbors a new BB resistance gene, WBB2, based on the resistance spectrum analysis, and comparison with all the known BB resistance genes. According to resistance reaction and genetic analysis at adult stage of progeny from JG30/Y238, the gene WBB2 is a complete dominant BB resistance gene. The new gene has been transferred into cultivated rice variety JG30 by cross and backcross for breeding a near isogenic line.

Abstract:Using 89 2343, a durum wheat addition line with Ms2 and blue seed, crossed and backcrossed with common wheat line 7739 3 to produce fertile plants from blue seeds (MFP BS). To add the blue seed marker to Rht10 and Ms2, short male sterile plants were fertilized by pollen of selected MFP BS. Thirteen dwarf male sterile wheats with blue seed marker were bred based on the different genotypes. The segregation ratios of male sterility and seed color as well as chromosome figure of different plants indicated that the blue grain genes, Ms2 and Rht10 were located on the same additional chromosome. Cytological analysis showed that the blue marker male sterile lines in common wheat was monosomic with an additional chromosome. The inheritance ratio for blue seed male sterile plants and white seed male fertile plants in progeny was 22 1% and 77 7%, respectively. Moreover, the potential application for blue marker sterile lines in population improvement and hybrid production is discussed.

Abstract:The yield characteristics of eight cucumber self bred lines were analysed with grey correlation method. The results showed that the yield of cucumber self bred lines were decided mainly by the length, thick ness,diameter of cucumber, the number, yield of cucumber per plant and early yield of cucumber. The integrated characteristics should be considered in the selection of cucumber self bred lines.

Abstract:应用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)技术,对甘肃省121个普通小麦品种(包括地方品种、育成品种和引进品种)高分子量谷蛋白亚基构成、不同等位基因间亚基变异及出现频率系统分析的结果表明,甘肃省春小麦品种HMW-GS等位基因Glu-Al编码1、2*、N(缺失)三种亚基,Glu-B1 编码 7 8、7 9、17 18、22、7、8、14 15七种亚基,Glu-D1编码2 12、2 11、5 10、2 10、10、4 11、3 12、N八种亚基,频率最高的亚基分别是Null(81.0%)、7 8(86.0%)、2 12(60.0%);一些优质亚基在现有品种中都存在,如甘春20、高台紫麦子等,作亲本用于品质改良有很大潜力,而且少数罕见亚基7、8、11也存在;不同来源的春小麦品种HMW-GS组成比较,优质亚基组成类型如1、7 8、5 10,1、17 18、5 10在育成品种中出现频率较高.

Abstract:In order to investigate genetic diversity in populations of Flowering Chinese Cabbage and screen suitable sample size for germplasm regeneration, different bulks with 10,15,20,25,30,35 and 40 plants were formed from an accession of 200 plants of Flowering Chinese Cabbage by randomly sampling. The number of polymorphic loci, the percentage of polymorphic loci, the genetic diversity index and the number of lack loci of different populations were analysed and calculated with RAPD technique. The results indicated that a sample of more than 30 plants could represent the genetic characteristics of a population of 200 plants. Based on the principle that the size of propagating population should double the size of effective one in germplasm regeneration, a sample of no less than 60 plants should be appropriate for regenerating Fowering Chinese Cabbage germplasm.

Abstract:The grain quality status of japonica varieties and agronomic and grain quality characters of erect panicle typical japonica varieties bred in the recent 10 years in Huaibei region in Jiangsu province were analyzed. The results showed that erect panicle japonica varieties which were bred in early stage showed low process quality, high chalkiness rate and large chalkiness degree, and rather high protein content. But these grain quality characters were improved in recent breeding, and taste quality also was changed. There were the trends that total grain numbers per ear increased, grain density decreased, ear lengthened in recent bred varieties. The main factor resulting in the high yield was that grain numbers per ear increased.

Abstract:Using the percentage of gaping glume (PGG) as an index, thirteen accessions of high resistance and high susceptible PGG rice resources were selected from 1017 varieties preserved by the Insititute of Rice Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences. With the selected varieties(lines), the broad heretability (h 2) was estimated to be 94 8%. The results of pure line selection, different sowing dates and different fertilizer experiments indicated that the character of glume gaping resistance in rice varieties is stable and heritable, and the environmental factors have no effects on its expression.

Abstract:Seed germination percentage and chromosomal aberration in root tip cells of 20 wheat accessions were tested in this study. The results showed that chromosomal aberration rate of seeds with lower germination percentage stored in mid term genebank was obviously higher than that of those with higher germination percentage stored in long term genebank of the same variety.Seed chromosomal aberration ratio in root tip cells was significantly and negatively correlated with germination percentage, but no significant association with storage time when seeds stored in the mid term and long term genebanks as a whole.Seed chromosomal aberration ratio in root tip cells was significantly associated with germination percentage and storage time for seeds neither stored in the mid term genebank nor long term genebank, respectively. According to the variations in the hordein spectrum, four biotypes may be recognized in the barley landrace cv. Punaiganmu. Biotype ratio varied with decline of germination percentage. One biotype disappeared while the ratio of another one increased from 83% to 95% when seed germination percentage declined from 95% to 34%. The result indicated that the loss of seed viability and differential survival of the biotypes resulted in selection and genetic shifts in germplasm accessions.

Abstract:Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is one of the major soybean diseases. Its occurrence is large in scope and the harm is serious. So it is the most economic and efficient measure to develop disease resistant varieties at present. For developing disease resistant varieties, the first work is to select and appraise SCN resistant materials. The soybean SCN 3 resistant materials were crossed with the local varieties to select the resistant line and to appraise high yield properties from offsprings. The new materials with strong resistance and good synthetic agronomic characters have been selected. It will be the foundation for SCN resistant breeding and has an important role for speeding up the breeding course and shortening the number of years of breeding.

Abstract:In this paper, the ginkgo leaves in different shoots were investigated. The leaf width, petiole length and basal angle were spur>short shoot>long shoot; the leaf length, leaf index were long shoot>short shoot>spur; the leaf area was spur=short shoot>long shoot; the ratio of lobation was long shoot>spur>short shoot. In long shoot, the leaf width, leaf length, leaf area, petiole length and basal angle decreased, but the leaf index and the ratio of lobation increased as its arrangement increased. In short shoot and spur, the leaves got longer, wider and bigger as leaf arrangement increased, the fifth or sixth leaf was the longest and widest, and its area was biggest, after the fifth or sixth arrangement the leaves got shorter, narrower and smaller as arrangement increased, the leaf index and the petiole length increased, but the basal angle decreased as arrangement increased. The second leaf in long shoot, the fourth leaf in spur and short shoot had the smallest coefficient of variation (c.v) in the investigated leaves, indicated these leaves may be used as standard leaves.

Abstract:A total of 1376 Upland cotton( Gossypium hirsutum )varieties and 59 Island cotton ( Gossypium barbadense ) varieties had been bred until 2000 in China since the Trice cotton was introduced to China from America in 1918. According to the derived variety numbers for each elite line and pedigree analysis, these varieties can date back to 54 basic germplasm lines including 7 Sea Island cotton varieties. These basic Upland cotton germplasm can be divided into three types while the Sea Island cotton can be divided into two types based on the date of germplasm introduction or the period of germplasm breeding. In the 20th century, these basic germplasm have played very important role in cotton breeding and production in China.

Abstract:Cold tolerance of rice is an important research target for rice breeding in northeast China and high altitude region in Southwest China, Japan and Korea etc. A lot of researches on cold tolerance of rice have been conducted and methods of characterization and evaluation of cold tolerance in rice have almost been accepted,but there is not a national standard method for characterization and evaluation of cold tolerance in China.This paper describes the methods of characterization and evaluation on cold tolerance, index and grading standard of cold tolerance of rice used in the world,in order to provide the basis for characterization of rice germplasm and rice breeding, and standard methods of characterization and evaluation of cold tolerance in rice.

Abstract:With the great progress of molecular biology, the research of salt tolerance has developed into many domains in high plants, such as gene cloning, analysis of gene structure and feature of gene expression, etc. Nowadays, it has become a hot point to clone the salt regulated Genes. Many salt regulated gene(s) from high plants were cloned in the last decade, based on the identification, analysis and expression of the related and the identification of these genes has given a better understanding of the complexity of the salt tolerance in higher plants. The notable success of this point is the identification of promoter elements and transcription factors that control the expression of protective proteins, signal transduction, osmoregulation materials and late embryogensis abundant proteins etc.

Abstract:There are 82 species of wild roses in China,accounting for 41% to the world. The genus Rosa contains about 200 species, only 15 species had contributed to the formation of modern roses. Therefore, the introduction of new genetic resources is essential to the resistance breeding. There are more than 25000 cultivars in modern roses, in which less than 3000 produced in European nurseries, and the main cultivar group is floribunda. The research on resistant genetic resources had paid more attention to black spot, powdery mildew and root knot nematodes. The molecular markers have been applied in phylogenetic analyses, construction of genetic linkage map and identification of cultivars in roses. The rose hips contain high level of vitamin C and high medical value.

Abstract:As a new kind of molecular marker, EST SSR markers have more advantages than the traditional genomic derived SSRs because they are part of expressed genes. Therefore, EST SSRs might be involved in gene functioning directly or indirectly. The ability of SSR markers will be greatly enhanced. Here, we give a brief review on the application of EST SSRs in genetic maping, gene tagging, comparative genomics, gene screening and discovery, and so on.

Abstract:In this study 70 hybrids were obtained by cross between seven Dian type sterile lines with different cytoplasms and ten strains selected as female parents and as male parents,respectively.The pollen fertility and the seed setting percentage of these materials were also studied. The results showed that the maintenancee is mainly consistent for these 7 Dian type sterile lines.The restoring abilities to these seven Dian type sterile lines were different to a great extent. Because the relationship of maintenance is mainly consistent in seven sterile lines with different cytoplasms, it is possible to breed many sterile lines with same cytoplasm. This provided experience for cytoplasmic diversity in Dian type hybrid rice

Abstract:The salt tolerance of 38 rice strains were studied in water,0.25% and 0.5% NaCl solution.By correlation analysis found 6 principal components,that is the factor of length of bud,the factor of dry weight,the factor of length of root,the factor of sensitivity of bud,the factor of sensitivity of fresh weight,the factor of fresh weight in low salt concentration.Eight good rice strains with salt tolerance,i.e.Dianyu 3A,Kyongsan 2,Talsung 18,Kwangyang7 1,Keng Chi Ju,Thou Bir,Ma Gu Tsaw ,Tie Gau Tsan.