Abstract:应用RAPD技术对8份野生种质和12份栽培种质进行遗传多样性分析,筛选到18个具有多态性扩增的引物,共扩增出128条带.据Nei-Li相似系数将20份材料分别聚为野生种质和栽培种质两大类.5个野生种质聚为野生种质类群,12个栽培种质和3个野生种质聚为栽培种质类群.研究结果表明,RAPD技术用于橡胶树种质资源研究,能够为野生种质优良特性导入栽培种质提供分子水平的参考依据.

Abstract:Two new dwarfing genes in Hu95-2639 and 91D27 were tagged molecularly with simple sequence repeats(SSR). SSR marker HVM67, which was known to be on the long arm of barley chromosome 4H, was found to link to the new dwarfing gene in 91D27 by 10 6cM, to another in Hu95 2639 by 23 3cM. A linkage map of the two new dwarfing genes to SSR markers was established preliminarily.

Abstract:The Researches were conducted with a non complete diallel of 22 crosses between one group of rice cultivars LA110, Jasmine 85 and another group of rice cultivars Teqing, Katy, Mars, LaGrue, Newbonnet to identify the inheritance of rice blast ( Pyricularia grisea ) resistance to three rice blast races IB 33, IB 45 and IE 1 of the USA. The parents, F 1 and F 2 were tested for their resistance to these races in the greenhouse at Stuttgart, Arkansas in the USA during October 1995 to November 1997. Parents LA110 and Jasmine 85 in the first group were resistant to all races. Teqing in the second group was resistant to all the three races. Katy was resistant to two races IB 45 and IE 1. Mars was only resistant to IE 1. LaGrue was susceptible to all the three races. Newbonnet was susceptible to two races IB 33, IE 1. The resistance was controlled by dominant genes to all races and all F 1 were resistant to all the three races. There were allelic genes to race IB 33 in the crosses between resistant parent LA110 and resistant parent Jasmine 85, and to race IE 1 in the crosses between LA110 and resistant parent Teqing or Jasmine 85, and also to race IE 1 in the crosses between Jasmine 85 and Teqing. It might be three dominant resistance genes to race IB 33 in the crosses between LA110 or Jasmine 85 and Teqing. The resistance was controlled by two dominant independent resistance genes to race IB 45 in the crosses among resistant parents LA110 and Teqing, Katy, Newbonnet or Jasmine 85, and also to race IB45 in crosses among resistant parents Jasmine 85 and Teqing, Katy or Newbonnet; and to race IE 1 in the crosses between resistant parents LA110 and Katy or Mars; and also to race IE 1 in the crosses between resistant parents Jasmine 85 and Katy or Mars. It might be two dominant complementary resistance genes controlling inheritance to race IB 33 in the crosses between resistant parent LA110 or Jasmine 85 and susceptible parent Mars; and also to race IB 45 in the crosses between LA110 and Mars. The resistance could be controlled by a single dominant resistance gene to race IB 33 in the crosses between LA110 or Jasmine 85 and susceptible parent Katy, LaGrue or Newbonnet, and to race IB 45 in the crosses between LA110 and susceptible parent LaGrue, and to race IB 45 in the crosses between Jasmine 85 and susceptible parent Mars or LaGrue; and to race IE 1 in the crosses between LA110 or Jasmine 85 and susceptible parent LaGrue or Newbonnet. The inheritances were the same between the cross of two parents and their reciprocal. It was discussed to use 3 resistant cultivars of LA110, Teqing and Jasmine 85 in rice breeding for resistance to blast in the southern part of the USA.

Abstract:以Reid、唐四平头和其他种质等3个杂种优势类群共30份玉米自交系为实验材料,以玉米幼胚作为外植体,研究基因型、培养基、激素、继代培养次数对玉米幼胚愈伤组织诱导及植株再生的影响.研究结果表明供试材料均能进行愈伤组织诱导,但是只有部分自交系能再生植株.通过对不同杂种优势类群自交系玉米幼胚培养特性的分析,从Reid、唐四平头和其他种质类群的供试自交系中,筛选出了胚性愈伤组织诱导频率和绿苗分化率均较高、适合于遗传转化的受体材料,如黄野四/京24//C108/黄野四选系、黄早四/先早17//吉853选系、R43//黄野四/711选系、京7、京7黄、3189/4380选系、4380/陕综5选系、8103、先早17、18-599红、501、178和冀53.

Abstract:Based on the analysis of the variation of effective panicles, plant height, seed set of main culms panicle, heading of F 1 populations from crosses betweena transgenic rice line and HZP145, K17A, JIN23 A, respectives. It was found that the genetic instability of the transgenic rice line was introduced to the instability of nuclear genome of the transgenic rice line, and its expression could not be affected by cytoplasm of the transgenic rice line itself. The potential value of the transgenic rice line was also discussed.

Abstract:The genetic diversity of rubber tree was analyzed by using RAPD. There were 18 primers showing abundant polymorphisms. The 18 primers produced 128 polymorphic bands. The results of cluster analysis based on Nei Li coefficient revealed that these 20 samples were divided into two main groups. Five wild germplasm were clustered into wild germplasm group, and 12 cultivated germplasm and three wild germpladm were clustered into cultivated germplasm group. The results showed that RAPD marker was suitable for study on genetic diversity in rubber tree, and offering the molecular basis, on which the genetic substance of wild rubber tree was transferred to cultivated rubber tree.

Abstract:本文以黄淮麦区 100个小麦品种(系)为材料,对19个蛋白质品质和淀粉品质性状进行了多样性分析.结果表明,100个小麦品种(系)存在丰富的多样性.蛋白质性状的多样性指数(H′)为1.44～2.33,其中蛋白质含量性状(GMP含量、蛋白质含量、干和湿面筋含量)的H′均大于2;变异系数为10.18%～101.13%,其中粉质仪参数的变异系数均在70%以上.淀粉性状的多样性指数为0.86～2.96,其中直链淀粉含量、降落值、稀懈值的H′均大于2;变异系数为4.26%～25.28%,其中降落值、低谷粘度和稀懈值的变异系数超过20%.采用离差平方和聚类法,根据蛋白质性状和淀粉性状将100个品种(系)分别划分为具有不同特点的4个类别,为小麦品质改良提供了参考.

Abstract:对新引进的300份美国大麦种质资源不同棱型间蛋白质、赖氨酸和淀粉含量的鉴定结果分析表明:①二棱大麦蛋白质总体方差与六棱大麦具有极显著的差异,其频率分布分别是以含量12.5%和17.0%为中心的双峰分布,这可能反映了二棱大麦利用上的新特点;淀粉含量二棱大麦显著高于六棱;六棱大麦当蛋白质作为固定变量时,赖氨酸与淀粉的相关性不显著.②提出了促进SPSS统计分析软件在农业科研上的开发应用研究的建议.

Abstract:To screen out tobacco germplasm resistant to tobacco mosaic virus for breeding, 471 of tobacco germplasm resources were evaluated in 2001-2003. Disease resistant varieties and susceptible varieties of these gerplasms resources were classified. Sixty seven resistance germplasm and 183 media resistance germplasm were screened out. The comprehensive evaluation was carried out among good resistance germplasm in 2003.

Abstract:利用29个RAPD引物对66份来源和类型不同的黄瓜种质基因组DNA的分析,共扩增出了253条带,其中195条为多态性带,比例为77.08%.不同引物所揭示的种质多样性差异很大.供试种质间平均期望杂合度为0.388.中国种质的平均期望杂合度为0.348,略高于国外引进种质.长江以南黄瓜种质的遗传多样性高于长江以北,华南型种质的遗传多样性高于华北型种质.长江流域以南可能是黄瓜的较早或主要的演化地.供试种质依RAPD标记被分为8个组群.西双版纳黄瓜明显地与其他栽培种质分开了,国外引入的绝大多数种质被聚到一起或分属单独组群.除西双版纳外其他中国栽培种质的遗传关系与形态特征和地域分布虽然存在一定的相关性,但不总是一致,表明地区间的引种交流可能导致了某些基因在不同种质间的渗入.

Abstract:RAPD markers was evaluated in a F 2 population of 174 plants derived from male fertility restorer line 9802 and male sterile line 9802A.Sterile and restorer DNA pools were established using the sterile and fertile plants among F 2 population, respectively. One hundred primers were used for screening polymorphisms between the two pools, and OPC6 produced distinguishable as well as polymorphic band between the two pools. Linkage analysis in the mapping population showed that the marker, OPC6 1900 , was linked to the restorer gene. The distance between the restorer gene and OPC6 1900 was 11.6 cM. The breeding for new fertility restorer lines of CMS radish would be facilitated by using the marker.

Abstract:The genetic diversity of radish germplasm resources was analyzed with RAPD. A total of 109 distinct bands were detected with 12 informative RAPD primers among 56 radish accessions from different countries or regions. Of them, 72 bands(62.9%) were polymorphic. The average heterozygosity of RAPD loci was 0.289 among 56 accessions. All accessions were clustered into two groups and nine subgroups based on the RAPD data by the method of clustering analysis, and three groups and seven subgroups by the method of principal coordinates analysis. The results from these two methods were similar, but the result from the principal coordinate analysis was more informative.

Abstract:干旱是影响玉米生产的重要限制因素,特别是花期对干旱胁迫非常敏感.本研究通过对玉米L050× B73的180个F2:3家系进行开花期干旱胁迫处理和分子标记鉴定,重点对开花相关性状进行了数量性状位点(QTL)分析.结果表明,在干旱胁迫处理条件下,存在与出苗到抽雄天数有关的6个QTL,位于第1、6、9染色体上各1个,位于第3染色体上有3个,共可解释的表现型变异为55.0%;基于出苗到散粉天数检测到4个QTL,其中两个位于第3染色体上,位于第1、2染色体上各1个,共可解释的表型变异为52.8%;对出苗到吐丝天数检测到分别位于第3、6染色体上的2个QTL,共可解释的表现型变异为20.4%;对抽雄至吐丝间隔天数(ASI)只检测位于第6染色体上的1个QTL,可解释6.5%的表现型变异.而正常灌溉环境下,检测到出苗到抽雄天数检测到1个QTL,位于第9染色体上,可解释的变异为15.0%;对出苗到散粉天数检测到3个QTL,位于第1、3、9染色体上,共可解释的变异为55.0%;对出苗到吐丝天数检测到4个QTL,分别位于第1、2、3、7染色体上.共可解释表现型变异的46.8%;对ASI检测到分别位于第2、6染色体上的2个QTL,可解释的变异为15.5%.这些QTL的基因效应以显性与超显性为主.

Abstract:以彩色马蹄莲组培增殖苗为供试材料,采用CO2强制性供气系统和箱式培养容器,在附加MS大量元素的蛭石中进行无糖生根培养环境条件的控制研究.结果表明:在培养基质中加入NAA0.1 mg/L,培养的第6天开始通入浓度保持在1000～1200 mg/L 的CO2混合气体对生根有促进.无糖培养生根率达到97%,植株健壮且根系发达.

Abstract:Qihuang 1 as one of elite summer soybean germplasm was used to develop 92 high yield and high quality soybean varieties and elite lines in 11 provinces, among which 87 varieties were from in the Huanghuaihai region in China.One of the varieties obtained the second class award of National Science and Technology Advancement, two obtained the third class award of National Invention, and two obtained the third class award of National Science and Technology Advancement. The protein content of 23 varieties were over 45%, five varieties over 46%, two varieties over 47%, three varieties over 48%, and two varieties 51%. The fat content of six varieties were over 22%, and one variety 23%. Twenty seven varieties were resistant to SMV, and seven varieties were resistant to Downy Mildew. The results suggest that elite germplasm are important for soybean breeding through promoting the efficiency of soybean breeding to select elite cross.

Abstract:采用0℃～7.2℃模型的累积低温计算方法,以加权法为萌芽计算标准,通过对29份观赏桃Prunus persica Batsch.(L.)品种资源的需冷量研究,结果表明:我国重瓣桃花品种的需冷量分布范围为400h～1250h,并以900h以上的品种为主.红花垂枝桃、红花重瓣寿星桃、鸳鸯垂枝、红叶桃、洒红桃和菊花桃等名优品种的需冷量分别为926h、930h、1188h、1112h、1214h 和1250h,郑州地区需冷量的满足时间基本在1月底之后.

Abstract:福建柏17个地理种源4～5年幼林期树高、胸径生长均有极显著差异,其中胸径差异大于树高.种源×地点交互作用显著,树高和胸径生长量山区＞半山区＞丘陵区.种源生长性状存在以纬向渐变为主的地理变异趋势.根据胸径遗传增益大于种源平均值15%以上的选择标准,初步选出适宜不同生态环境造林地的3个优良种源,其遗传增益为17.38%～21.05%.树高、胸径最大生长率均出现在4～5年幼林期,表明早期选择一定的可靠性.

Abstract:Soybean( Glycine max )varieties and germplasm were investigated with respect to protein contents, fat contents, and soluble protein contents were analysed for part of soybeans, from 19 Chinese major soybean planting provinces in 2003. The investigation showed that the protein content and the content of protein plus fat of germplasm were basically equal to those of soybean varieties, respectively. The fat content of varieties was generally higher than that of germplasm, which indicated that varieties with high fat content possessed large proportion in planting varieties in 2003. The protein content of varieties or germplasm presented an increasing trend from north to south for the Northern, Huanghuaihai and Southern ecological regions, whereas the fat content of varieties or germplasm presented a decreasing trend form north to south. The ecological and weather factors had much more effect on the protein content than on the fat content of soybean. The soluble protein content of soybean was so high on the whole that it can meet the demand of soybean food processing industry.

Abstract:Research and reasonable utilization of rice germplasm are one of the most effective ways to solve the problem of rice production in China currently.The current status of rice germplasm research all over the world is reviewed and related issues are discussed. Some strategies and related thoughts are also proposed.

Abstract:本文综述利用eui基因来提高杂交水稻制种产量的设想与实践,以及通过直接辐射诱变方法育成高秆隐性恢复系和长穗颈不育系,继而育成e杂交水稻组合等方面的研究进展,提出了今后e杂交水稻的研究方向.

Abstract:由于糯小麦缺失(Wx-A1、Wx-B1和Wx-D1)3对蜡质基因,其直链淀粉含量低于1%,因此在食品工业和非食品工业中有着巨大的应用价值.自20世纪90年代以来,糯小麦研究已成为国际热点.虽然我国开展糯小麦研究起步较迟,但在糯小麦Wx基因资源的筛选、糯小麦的遗传和育种、糯小麦淀粉品质评价等方面取得了较快的进展.本文就中国在上述领域的研究进展作一综述,并就糯小麦研究提出几点建议.