Abstract:利用γ射线处理显性矮秆粳稻品种KL908,获得3份遗传稳定的半矮秆突变材料1042-4、1042-13和1045-7.遗传分析表明,这3份材料的半矮秆性状遗传均受隐性单基因控制.其中,控制1042-4和1045-7半矮秆性状的基因与矮仔占的sd-1基因等位,而控制1042-13半矮秆性状的基因与矮仔占的sd-1和新桂矮的sd-g基因非等位.

Abstract:培育玉米抗旱杂交种是减小因干旱带来的玉米产量损失的有效途径之一.但多年来对玉米抗旱品种的筛选指标一直没有系统研究.由于抗旱育种和抗旱种质资源鉴定评价有不同目标和要求,因而玉米抗旱品种筛选指标和种质资源抗旱性鉴定评价指标也应有所不同.本研究通过对121个玉米杂交种在不同水分条件下的产量进行分析,对不同品种筛选指标的特点进行比较,认为耐旱指数DTIv[即(Yd×Yw)/Ymw2]是玉米抗旱杂交种筛选的良好指标,而从抗旱系数[即Yd/Yw]发展而来的抗旱指数[(Yd/Yw)×(Ymw/Ymd)]是玉米种质资源抗旱性鉴定评价的良好指标.

Abstract:An improved ph3.2 A-PAGE method was utilized to analyze the gliadin banding pattern with eight sampling methods 22 populations of 5 species in Agropyron Gaertn. The results showed that simpson indexes increased along with the seed number in the bulked seed samples increasing. The whole gliadin banding patterns obviously changed among different seed samples.On the whole average, the most gliadin number was 28.24 when seed number were 18, and the least was 18.38 when bulked seed samples were 3 seeds. CV% of the gliadin number was 13.21 meanwhile, the gliadin banding patterns were relatively uniform when bulked seed samples surpassed 12 (included 12) seeds. Therefore, bulked seed samples above 12 could be chosen to represent whole populations based on the genetic diversity of gliadin.

Abstract:采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)技术检测中国南方六个省份的249份大豆品种异黄酮主要组分含量.结果显示大豆籽粒中可检测出6种主要的异黄酮组分,分别为大豆甙(Daidzin)、甲氧基黄豆甙原(Glycitin)、染料木甙(Genistin)、丙二酰基大豆甙(Malonyldaidzin)、丙二酰基黄豆甙原(Malonylglycitin)和丙二酰基染料木甙(Malonylgenistin).各组分中以丙二酰基(Malonyl)异黄酮组分含量最高(61.2%),且各组分间相关极显著.大豆品种间异黄酮含量变异较大,变异系数达49.6%.来自江苏省的品种海门红黄豆乙异黄酮含量最高(4932.3μg/g),品种宝应等西风含量最低(367.1μg/g).不同省份间异黄酮含量差异极显著,来自浙江省的大豆品种平均含量最高(2717.2μg/g),来自安徽省的平均含量最低(1181.8μg/g).异黄酮含量与生育期呈极显著正相关(r=0.319* * *),与百粒重呈显著正相关(r=0.132*),而与脂肪含量(r=-0.45* * *)和蛋白质含量(r=-0.136)呈负相关.

Abstract:Germplasm research has widely focused on special rice since the 1980s. Up to now, some genetic analyses of peculiar characters for special rice were positively conducted based on abundant special rice germplasm, including black and red rice, low amylose and super-giant embryo and suger endosperm rice etc, created by integrating conventional breeding with biotechnology and used in rice production, which have increased the income of farmer. Future research should include the characterization and evaluation of rice special traits, genetic and molecular analyses of special genotypes, analyses of genetic diversity and establishment of core collection, prebreeding of fuctional special rice with higher lysine, mineral element and vitumin content and higher physiologically active chemicals such as flavonet, cyanidin 3-glucoside etc.

Abstract:Forty accessions of local pepper cultivars in Hunan and 12 combinations of hybrids were analyzed with grey relation grade method. The results indicated that the contents of dry matter, Vc and capsaicin in fruit, resistances to TMV, CMV and anthracnose were more related with the first flower node, plant height, plant spread and branches per plant, etc., but comparatively less related with fruit length, fruit width, weight per fruit, fruit setting number and yield per plant. According to their grey relation grades, some important breeding materials such as Fudijian, Hexinliujiaojiao and Xiangtanwanlajiao were selected from these resources, and excellent hybrid pepper varieties Xiangyan 1, Xiangyan 3, Xiangyan 5, Xiangyan 9 and Xiangyan 10 have been successfully bred from the cross combinations, and all of them have played an important role in pepper breeding and production in the country. It implied that grey relation grade analysis can be used to guide the pepper breeding.

Abstract:Through the analysis of genetic diversity for 48 taro materials of Yunnan province using five isozymes of esterase, peroxidase, superoxidase, polyphenol oxidase, cytochrome oxidase and cluster analysis for their bands determined, the results showed that band number of five isozymes was between 11 and 19, the number of zymograms was all more than half number of materials determined except that SOD only showed three zymograms. Compared with their morphological characters, cluster result could be explained rationally by the source, use, zoological location, petiole color or the color of leaf center and preliminary classification could be made. Therefore, taro germplasm resources of Yunnan province presented great genetic diversity through observation of morphological characters, existence of wild, semi-wild varieties and isozyme analysis at protein expression level. The results could be used for further researches of taro genetic variation and in situ preservation for taro genetic resources in Yunnan province, which are facing great threat now.

Abstract:The paper revrewed the development history of plant space mutation breeding and discussed the mechanism of plant space mutagenesis. The variations of organisms were induced by the comprehensive effects of high vacuum, microgravity, incense radiation and so on. The application of space mutation breeding and inheritance in specially good germplasm material in China were well summarized. The prospects of space mutation breeding was described. The space mutagenesis will provided a new way for the future breeding.

Abstract:以耐寒的昆明小白谷与农艺性状好但不耐寒的十和田杂交并以十和田为轮回亲本回交培育的耐寒的近等基因系(NIL)不同单株(BC4F6)与轮回亲本杂交再自交的4个F2代群体,2003年在海拔为2150m用冷泉水(18℃～19℃)灌溉的阿子营乡种植,利用主基因-多基因混合遗传模型分析了4个F2代群体的耐冷基因效应,结果表明4个组合中耐冷基因是受一对主效基因控制,其主效基因的遗传率为59.10%～81.04%.

Abstract:选用7个烤烟品种作亲本,采用Griffing方法I,利用7×7完全双列杂交,对烤烟产量、产值、上等烟比例、均价和级指等主要经济性状配合力和相关性进行研究,结果表明:各农艺性状和经济性状的遗传特性同时受基因加性效应、非加性效应以及反交效应的共同作用.从经济性状来看,以红花大金元和云烟317作亲本之一,特别是红花大金元作母本配制的杂交组合优势较强.以净叶黄作为亲本之一配制的杂交组合没有优势,显示出各组合的产量、产值等经济性状较低.

Abstract:以20个大豆品种为材料,在鼓粒期至青荚期分期取样,对豆粒的蛋白质、游离氨基酸、脂肪、淀粉和可溶性糖及维生素C含量等生化物质进行测定.研究表明,随着豆粒的充实,各种生化物质不断增加,但达到最大峰值的时间不同.脂肪、蛋白质和氨基酸含量于鼓粒中后期达到峰值,淀粉和可溶性糖含量于鼓粒中前期达到峰值,维生素C积累主要集中在鼓粒前期.所以在菜用大豆鼓粒中期或后期即开花后18～25d采收可保证较高水平的生化物质含量,最终保证菜用大豆的品质.经过综合评价20个大豆品种的农艺性状、营养品质及外观品质,初步筛选出适合河北省种植的菜用大豆品种有绿75、黑大粒、冀黄104、日本A、D103、中黄13.

Abstract:植物在干旱环境下会产生干旱诱导蛋白.干旱诱导蛋白与干旱诱导基因是当前植物逆境生理学研究的热点之一.根据近年的研究进展,本文就干旱诱导蛋白的类型、特性、功能作了简要综述.

Abstract:Under low and suitable phosphorus, 545 accessions of the core collection of Yunnan rice landraces were studied for the heading date. The results showed that there was comparatively significant difference between the different degrees of stress for low phosphorus. The heading date of most rice accessions under low phosphorus condition was later than that under suitable phosphorus condition. (2) There was great difference in the heading date of rice core collection in different rice cropping regions or prefectures because of the long history of adaptetion . (3) Among 5 rice cropping region except the northwest cold japonica region, the difference of their heading date was extremely significant. Under two stress conditions mentioned above, but there were difference only in five prefectures under low phosphorus condition.

Abstract:Comparisons on yield and quality characters in different panicle types were studied under different N levels. The results showed that the yield increment of erect-panicle varieties was greater than that of semi-erect and curved panicle types, but the changes of yield components of three panicle types showed same trend with the increase of N application amount. Brown rice, milled rice and head milled rice all increased in three panicle types varieties, but chalkiness rate in three panicle types varied among different N applications. Compared with half-erect and curved panicle varieties, gel consistency in erect panicle varieties was shorter and the protein content was higher, which sensitive to N application also were higher.

Abstract:It is important to select parents in selective breeding. After 17 years, breeding, a new rice variety Longnuo No. 2 was released. It is an early matured Japonica rice adapted to cold regions, with good quality, high yield, good resistance to blast, and strong cold tolerance.

Abstract:This paper reviewed the collecting, conservation, identification, evaluation, enhancement and utilization of mulberry germplasm resources in China and overseas. Based on the comparative analysis, the main tasks for mulberry germplasm resources in future were put forward.

Abstract:利用22个粳稻品种,在不同低温胁迫、不同处理天数下进行水稻芽期耐冷性鉴定,并提出了适合于粳稻芽期耐冷性的鉴定方法.研究结果表明,在低温胁迫和不同天数的处理中,以2℃/6d低温胁迫下的22个粳稻品种死苗率的方差和变异范围表现为最大,并且死苗率的分布比较合理,据此认为该低温胁迫对于粳稻芽期耐冷性鉴定是比较合适的胁迫条件.在2℃/6d低温胁迫下,靖粳7号、辐优1号、合系15、沈农15、东农422、滇系1号等品种芽期耐冷性属3级,为强耐冷性品种;云南省粳稻品种的芽期耐冷性普遍好于东北三省的粳稻品种.

Abstract:Thirty-eight rice varieties identified to be tolerant to salt stress previously were identified repeatedly with the 9-level identification methods of International Rice Research Institute using 0.8% instead of 0.5% NaCl solution in order to obtain extremely salt-tolerant rice varieties. Meanwhile, the effects of salt concentration on sprout rates of these varieties were studied. The results showed that high-concentration salt solution restrained significantly sprout rates of these varieties. six rice varieties were identified to be extremely resistant to salt, of which, one variety ranked first-level tolerance, four varieties second-level tolerance and one variety third-level tolerance. Increase of seedling height were limited by high-concentration salt solution, but difference between varieties extremely resistant to salt was not significant. The effects of salt solution on growth rate of rice leaves were different depending on varieties extremely resistant to salt.

Abstract:The effects on the germination of cucumber seeds that were treated with NaCl in different concentrations were investigated. With the concentration of NaCl increasing, the inhibition on germination increased significantly. The vigor index, germination index and lateral root of the first order of cucumber seeds were more sensitive to NaCl stress than the germination percentage. In all the 14 cultivars, the cucumber seeds of different cultivars were inhibited with different degrees during germination period. Zhongnong 12 and Jinchun 5 were tolerant to NaCl.

Abstract:This presentation reviews the research status and the advantages of SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism), and discusses the potential of SNP in plant genetic improvement and evolution, research and preservation of genetic diversity in germplasm.