Abstract:Many important agronomic traits of soybean are quantitative traits, which are controlled by polygenes. Tagging QTL for these quantitative traits is a very important field in soybean quantitative genetics research. Kexin 3 and Zhonghuang 20 are releasing cultivars in Huanghuaixia ecological district with excellent quality traits. A cross of Kexin 3 and Zhonghuang 20 was made, then selfed to construct F 2 population which has 192 plants. A genetic linkage group of soybean genome was constructed, which consisted 33 linkage groups with 122 SSR markers covering 1719 6 cM. The composite interval mapping was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with plant height, nod number of main stem and protein content. Two QTL were found for plant height with the phenotypic variance explained of 9 15% and 6 08% respectively; two for nods number of main stem with the phenofypic variance explained of 10 1% and 8 6% respectively; one for protein content with the phenotypic variance explained of 9 8%. Six markers linked to the QTL for four agronomic traits were found and can be used in molecular marker assisted selection in soybean.

Abstract:To study the genetic diversity and differentiation of the three populations of Oryza rufipogon in Gaozhou, Guangdong Province, 30 pairs of SSR primers were used. The results indicated that: i) Only 20 pairs of SSR primers were polymorphic and 77 alleles were detected. The percentage of polymorphic loci (P) and the mean number of alleles per locus (Ap) were 66 7% and 4 05 respectively. ii) The total gene diversity of the three populations was 0 61, among which more than 75% was from the gene diversity within populations. iii) Though the coefficient of gene differentiation (G ST) was 0 2427, meaning that the genetic variability among populations was low, the dendrogram of the samples from all populations showed that the three populations were relatively separated with the coefficient increasing. Therefore, the genetic differentiation of the three populations definitely occurred but not obviously.

Abstract:Ten advanced wheat germplasms, named Chunjie 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 and Chunshan 1, 2, 3 and 4, came from derivatives that Yong 368 (Common wheat) hybridized with Chunpin-11 (White chaff) (Triticale) and Synthetic wheat or Ae.Cylindrica, using pedigree method. These new germplasms did not have the same genetic background of Ningchun 4, a major wheat cultivar in Ningxia now. The quality of the new germplasm was obviously improved. Chromosome in situ hybridization test and HMW-G-S analysis showed that seven of ten newly created lines had 1B/1R translocation, and one line had translocation involving other R chromosomes.

Abstract:Based on multi-factor orthogonal designed field experiments, the order of Bromus inermis L. seed yield components contributing to seed yield was shoots/m2, seed numbers/spiklet, florets/spiklet, seed weight and spiklets/shoot. Increasing florets/spiklet and seed numbers/spiklet is the most productive way to increasing seed yield and next is the shoots/m2.

Abstract:利用17个随机引物对32份莲属(Nelumbo)品种资源进行RA PD分析.扩增形成207条谱带,其中多态带193条,占93.23%,显示该属植物在我国具有丰富的遗传多样性.结果还表明:(1)莲属种质资源可分为3个品种群:花莲、子莲和藕莲,与传统的园艺学分类相吻合.(2)美洲黄莲与中国莲的花莲之间在DNA水平上差异不大,遗传背景与花莲更相似.(3)藕莲、子莲和花莲可能由不同遗传背景的野莲演化而来.

Abstract:以甜椒核型雄性不育系AB91为不育源,以甜(辣)椒优良自交系为目标亲本,经过杂交、自交、姊妹交等转育手段,将AB91隐性核基因雄性不育性转育到优良甜(辣)椒自交系中,获得不育性稳定、恢复系广泛、配合力高、农艺性状优良的系列甜(辣)椒雄性不育两用系,为今后根据市场需求培育不同类型的杂交种奠定基础.目前,利用转育成的两用系已育成通过审定的甜椒品种冀研6号和两个正在参加区试的杂交种.

Abstract:通过对3份扁穗牛鞭草材料的无性繁殖基株在不同生长发育阶段的分蘖形成及其生长特点进行研究,结果表明:无性繁殖牛鞭草苗期分蘖的产生表现出明显的节律性,种植后5～7d、23～26d、41～45d分批形成分蘖,长到15～20cm时,都转向横向生长.再生分蘖开始表现为纵向生长,随着株高的增加,逐渐匍匐转为横向生长,基株横向扩展高于纵向扩展的速度,致使基株的形态发生变化,增加了基株的移动性、使其能获取更多的空间和资源.在水分、温度、光照不适宜的条件下,无性繁殖扁穗牛鞭草有相应的应急补救功能.

Abstract:AFLP fingerprinting system was optimized by employing of two accessions of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) and one accession of wild pigeonpea (Cajanus scarabaeoides), for genetic diversity analysis of pigeonpea germplasm. Twenty pairs of informative primers were identified and recommended for AFLP analysis of genetic diversity of pigeonpea.

Abstract:Cold tolerance at the budburst period (CTBP) for 879 accession of rice were evaluated. The 39 rice varieties with very strong CTBP (grade 1) were selected, and all of which were traditional japonica rice from Guizhou province. 61 23% of evaluated japonica rice varieties have strong CTBP (grade 3), while 13 77% of evaluated indica rice varieties have strong CTBP (grade 3). CTBP of japonica rice was significantly stronger than indica rice. The CTBP of landraces from Guizhou province, either indica rice or japonica rice was significantly stronger than rice varieties from other areas. It is of larger potential to select excellent varieties with very strong cold tolerance.

Abstract:The salt tolerance at the seedling stage by using 0 5% NaCl solution were evaluated for rice germplasm which from regional trials of Jiangsu province and other regions in recently years. The results showed that: The plant height was shorten in salinity than that of normal condition and the salt tolerance is subject to influenced by environments; In general, the salt tolerance of indica rice is stronger than that of japonica rice. Based on the results of 2 years, Xian156 and 64608 showed superior salt tolerance at the seedling stage.

Abstract:Through hydroponic experiments with two different K concentrations, ten characteristics of 117 accessions of rice varieties provided by the Integrated International Rice Molecular Breeding Program were compared at the seedling stage. The result indicated that the seedling characteristics with low-kalium water culture were obviously different from those with regular-kalium water culture, and there were significant difference among 117 varieties in two different regimes. According to the synthetic appraisal index consisted of the relative indexes of number of root, total root length, overground weight, underground weight and seedling height, nine varieties with high tolerance to low-kalium and 32 variety with tolerance to low-kalium were screened out.

Abstract:利用"八五"、"九五"期间,发掘和鉴定出的一些具有单一抗病虫特性和优良农艺性状的资源,通过有性杂交和人工接种鉴定,有目的进行抗性基因转移和优良基因聚合,从而获得了具有多抗、农艺性状优良的LR625、LR622、2381等3个恢复系和L405A、L407A 2个不育系等新种质资源,并用新创资源组配了一批高产、多抗、综合农艺性状好的杂交组合.

Abstract:选用抗豆象品种(系)VC6089A-6、VC1973A×V2709-2、V2 802,与农艺性状优良的推广品种中绿1号(VC1973A)和中绿2号(VC2917A系选)作亲本, 按照完全双列杂交试验设计,配置杂交组合.对20个杂交组合后代F2群体主要农艺性状及抗虫性分析,发现株高和抗虫性有超亲遗传现象,杂交优势明显;单株荚数普遍低于亲本, 而单荚粒数略高于亲本,百粒重与亲本之间差异不明显.抗虫基因有抗性累加效应,3份抗虫材料的抗虫基因可能不在同一位点上.单株荚数是产量构成的主要因素,且遗传变异程度大与抗虫性相关性不紧密,在后代选择时,应以单株荚数为主攻目标,其次是株高、荚粒数、百粒重和抗虫性.初步认为从P1×P4、P1×P5、P2×P4、P4×P2、P2 ×P5、P5×P2和P5×P3组合后代中选择效果明显.

Abstract:The salt tolerance at the seedling stage by using 0 5% NaCl solution were evaluated for rice germplasm which from regional trials of Jiangsu province and other regions in recently years. The results showed that: The plant height was shorten in salinity than that of normal condition and the salt tolerance is subject to influenced by environments; In general, the salt tolerance of indica rice is stronger than that of japonica rice. Based on the results of 2 years, Xian156 and 64608 showed superior salt tolerance at the seedling stage.

Abstract:运用王夫玉等人提出的生境敏感性评价方法,初步研究了6个茎瘤芥代表品种产量生境敏感性及其与主要性状的关系.结果表明:(1)不同品种,产量生境敏感性不同;据此,可将茎瘤芥品种分为生境敏感型品种、生境弱感型品种和生境钝感型品种.参试品种中,涪丰14和巴中羊角属生境钝感型;半碎叶、蔺市草腰子和涪杂1号属生境弱感型;永安小叶属生境敏感型.(2)产量生境敏感性指数SI(SI愈小,品种对生境反应愈敏感)与Ⅰ(8月20日播种)、Ⅱ(8月30日播种)期瘤茎纵径,与Ⅱ、Ⅲ(9月9日播种)期茎/叶比呈显著或极显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.848·、-0.835·、-0.872 ·、-0.925··.本文初步提出在涪陵8月20日-8月30日播种的瘤茎纵径和 8月30日至9月9日播种的茎/叶比可作为茎瘤芥产量生境敏感性评价的重要指示性状.

Abstract:Grain chalkiness characters of the compact panicle type rice (CPR) was improved using the loose panicle type rice line (EG23) with larger length-width ratio of brown rice. The results showed that the improved CPR line EA6 had higher chalkiness quality of rice grain, but shorter panicle, more grain number and larger grain density compared with its parent Zhejing 20. It implied that it is possible to effectively improve grain chalkiness of CPR through adjusting length-width ratio of grain while keeping the panicle length and the grain density. The results also showed different effects for improving grain chalkiness among differently positioned grain within a panicle. The chalkiness improvement was better in the top and the middle grains than the bottom ones within the panicle. In addition, in four different crossing methods, the counter-backcrossing, Zhejing 20/EG23//Zhejing 20, was the most effective for selecting expected materials. EA6 with the improved comprehensive agronomic characters might be used as a good gene resource of rice for improving grain quality in japonica rice breeding, and might be directly applied to the rice production. The results showed that contradiction between yield and quality in CPR was effectively corresponded, and it may be a new way for breeding new rice varieties with both high grain quality and CPR trait.

Abstract:对国家果树种质资源南京桃圃保存的507份桃种质资源进行了花期、花型、花径、雌蕊高度(与雄蕊比)、花粉育性的调查,结果表明,需冷量少的品种花期早于其他大部分种质资源,始花期以及花期持续的时间与当年的气候和花期天气尤其是温度有关.84.4%的种质资源具蔷薇形花,78.5%的铃形花种质资源为黄桃;66.1%的种质资源花径在3.7～4.7cm,花径最大的是观赏鲜食兼用的重瓣花种质资源花玉露;90. 5%的种质资源雌蕊高于或近等于雄蕊,蟠桃88.2%的种质资源雌蕊低于雄蕊;花粉可育种质资源443份,占种质资源总数的87.4%.

Abstract:China is rich of agricultural wild plants including wild species and wild relatives of crops. Chinese government began to carry out in-situ conservation for agricultural wild plants from 2001 and 20 conservation sites have been constructed or being in construction. This paper described the selection methods, construction criteria and management measures for in-situ conservation sites of agricultural wild plants.

Abstract:Tea germplasm are fundamental materials for production, cultivar development and biotechnology research, with important and potential value. In this paper, the achievements and progress of tea germplasm research in China for recent 20 years are systematically reviewed from the following aspects: exploration and collecting, conservation and cataloguing, identification and evaluation, molecular markers and genetic stability. The authors also propose short-and medium-term plans of tea germplasm researches in China, i.e., keeping collecting and introduction, deep identification and evaluation at the gene and individual level, enhancing innovation for breeding, constructing of core collections, and the construction of tea germplasm sharing platform.

Abstract:One of the major problems in sweetpotato production is the damage caused by nematodes. The nematodes that limit sweetpotato production are sweetpotato root-knot and rot-knot nematode. The intergrated methods are used to control the disease in sweetpotato production. Among them, the best efficient and economical way to controlling the disease is breeding of resistant varieties. The research progress of sweetpotato root-knot and rot-knot nematode on resistant germplasm screening, resistant mechanism, inheritance and breeding of resistance are reviewed in this paper. The perspective of breeding for resistance to nematodes has also been prospected.

Abstract:Effective regeneration programmers are essential to maintain the viability and genetic integrity of ex situ seed collections of crop germplasm. It is important to decide how to rejuvenate reduced mutation accumulation of stored seed, and counteracted the genetic changes by drift,fitness selection and contamination with alien pollen or seed that may occur during regeneration. This paper reviewed the recent advances of studies on regenerating strategies with self-pollinating crops. The impacts of threshold germination rate for regeneration, rejuvenation population size, and seeds harvested methods on the maintenance of genetic integrity were also discussed.

Abstract:In situ hybridization(ISH) is a quick and powerfull tool for physical mapping in plants. The applications of the ISH technique in localization of specific DNA sequences, relationship among different genomes and identification of alien chromosomes in the genus Oryza were introduced in the paper.