Abstract:The cross-compatibility between cultivated rice and 6 diploid and tetraploid wild rice species was studied st W gm th at by means of artificial pollination. The germination and growth of different wild rice pollen grains on the a of the same cultivated rice were observed with optical-microscope, and the cross results were compared those of cultivated rice at the correspon Oryza rufipogon pollen grains were similar to g time. The results showed that the germination and growth of those of cultivated rice. The pollen grains germinated quickly, after cross. For instance, few numbers of pollen grains adhered to the stigmata; the time when germination started after cross was delayed; few numbers of pollen grains germinated; some pollen tubes failed to enter the stigmata, they just twined or circled on the surfaces of the stigmata after germination; Some pollen tubes could enter the stigmata and grew slowly. No germination was observed in the tetraploid wild rice. According to the results, the relationship between O. rufipogon and cultivated rice is relatively close, and they had good crosscompatibility. On the other hand, O. officinalis and cultivated rice had bad cross-compatibility. It could be concluded that potential gene flow between transgenic rice and O. rufipogon was very large, and was very low between transgenic rice and O. officinalis or other wild rice species.

Abstract:本研究利用60对SSR引物对93份大豆1级耐盐种质资源和57份盐敏感种质资源(5级)进行分析,以确定耐盐种质资源和盐敏感种质资源的遗传多样性,以及耐盐相关标记在种质资源耐盐性鉴定中的利用程度.60个位点共检测出等位变异792个,平均13.2个,其中耐盐种质资源特有等位变异133个,盐敏感种质资源特有等位变异106个,但76.0%的等位变异频率低于0.10,仅有1.8%的等位变异出现频率高于0.40.耐盐种质资源多态性信息含量(PIC)平均为0.78(0.47～0.90),盐敏感种质资源PIC平均为0.80(0.46～0.94).根据主成分分析,耐盐和盐敏感种质资源多样性分布规律相似.然而,与耐盐基因相关的一个SSR位点的等位变异分布频率在耐盐和盐敏感种质资源间无显著差异.根据UPGMA聚类分析结果,耐盐种质资源按生态区分为3个类群,类群Ⅰ和Ⅲ分别以东北春大豆和北方春大豆为主,类群Ⅱ为黄淮夏大豆和其他生态类型的混合群.

Abstract:以地高辛(DIG)标记的黄毛草莓基因组DNA为探针、凤梨草莓基因组DNA为封阻对黄毛草莓×凤梨草莓杂种F1的五倍体植株根尖染色体进行基因组原位杂交(GISH),结果表明利用GISH可将黄毛草莓染色质从凤梨草莓中检测出来,从而证实了黄毛草莓与凤梨草莓种间杂交的真实性.利用RAPD技术对来自黄毛草莓与凤梨草莓不同品种的2个杂交组合获得的14个株系及其亲本的DNA指纹图谱进行分析.结果表明,不同株系之间在基因组水平上具有高度异质性,以引物S1371和S1405能将黄毛草莓×春霄组合的10个杂交后代株系加以区别,以单一引物S1371、S1380、S1397、S1404、S1405可使黄毛草莓×硕香后代株系之间相互区别.在杂交后代中观察到了亲本黄毛草莓与凤梨草莓不同栽培品种的特征带,从而进一步证实黄毛草莓与凤梨草莓种间杂交后代的真实性.

Abstract:The broken black tea produced in China is lack of competition ability in the international markert, and the primary reason is considered as short of elite varieties. One hundred and twenty tea germplasm originated from south-western(in Yunnan mostly)had been evaluated and screened in recent years. It was primarily elucidated the basic situation of germplasm suitable for broken black tea in China, and some elite germplasm were screened. These germplasm are the bases of broken black tea cultivar improvement in China.

Abstract:干旱是影响玉米产量的重要因素.在干旱条件下,玉米株高和穗位高往往受到影响,因此是研究耐旱性的重要指标.本研究利用A188×91黄15的F2∶3家系,进行株高和穗位高的数量性状位点(QTL)分析.结果表明,在水分胁迫条件下,分别各有10个QTL与株高和穗位高有关;在水分充足条件下,则检测到各有6个QTL与株高和穗位高有关.各QTL解释的表型变异在7.3%～53.9%之间.位于第8染色体上的QTL个数占总QTL近50%,LOD值均大于4.6,推测该染色体存在控制玉米株高和穗位高QTL的重要区域.本研究在bnlg1812标记附近检测到在水分胁迫下同时控制株高和穗位高的QTL,解释的表型变异在20%以上,该QTL是值得进一步研究和利用的位点.

Abstract:Genetic alterations of maize landrace cv. Tiaohuanuo populations having different germination levels were analyzed using agronomic traits and SSR markers. It showed that the proportion of plant with different coleoptile and leaf sheath colours varied with the decline of germination percentage. When seed germination percentage declined to 32%, there was no light-purple coleoptile plant. On the other hand, the proportion of light-purple leaf sheath plant increased while the white leaf sheath plant decreased when seed germination percentage declined. The percentage of polymorphic bands, the number of alleles (na), effective number of alleles(ne), Nei's gene diversity index(h)and Shannon's information index(I) were lower in artificially aged population with lower germination percentage than in CK population with higher germination percentage using SSR. This indicated that the genetic diversity was lower in aged populations than in CK population. The result also showed that a low germination percentage standard for regeneration is disadvantageous for maintaining the genetic integrity of heterogeneous germplasm.

Abstract:对RIL-8群体纹枯病抗性进行QTL检测,检测到一个加性QTL,位于1A染色体上,贡献率为21.57%;检测到4对QTL间互作位点,涉及7条染色体,互作贡献率分别为11.63%、6.54%、14.04%、20.01%,互作总贡献率为52.23%.通过对RIL-SES群体118个系检测,发现1个SSR标记Xgwm526,位于2B染色体上,与纹枯病抗病基因距离为27.9cM;一个ISSR标记IS840,与纹枯病抗病基因距离为16.9cM.

Abstract:1996年,利用我国发射的返回式科学实验卫星搭载高粱恢复系唐恢28(TR28)干种子,回收后田间种植,对诱变后代的遗传变异进行相关研究,并进行生物化学和分子生物学技术验证,探索灰色理论对变异后代选择的有效性.结果表明:高粱空间诱变处理可获得丰富的变异类型,变异向有利和不利两个方向发展,通过选择可获得符合需要的各种变异类型.除黄化苗、不结实、结实后不出苗外,其他变异类型是可遗传的,并且其变异后代的稳定时间比常规杂交后代可提早2～3个世代.生物化学和分子生物学证实诱变选系之间及其与对照之间存在着遗传差异.获得了优质、高产、抗病性表现突出的高粱新种质.灰色理论应用于变异后代选择可提高育种效率.

Abstract:The effects of colchicine on in vitro microspore embryogenesis of Brassica napus were investigat- ed using 23 genotypes. 2.55 - 14.75 embryos/bud were regenerated from microspores of 3 genotypes by colchicine treatment at the concentrations of 10, 50 and 100 mg/L with 24 h or 48 h treatment but only 0.94 2.43 with 10 - 50mg/L for 72 h, indicating that the treatment of 72h has suppressive influence to microspore embryogenesis. The doses of 200 - 800mg/L colchicine with 16 -48h reduced 0.6 - 1.33 embryos/bud in 2 genotypes and 6.25 -9.36 in the untreated controls. Futhermore, the respone of microspore embryogenesis to colchicine is correlative with genotypes used. When appling 10, 20, 50 and 100mg/L colchicine and 48h treatment, lines 22B5-6 and 903-3 produced 37.09 - 69.47 embryos/bud, however 0.28 - 1.45 from genotypes F1- 29, W592 and SF10-12. The purpose of colchicine treatment microspore is dihaploid of microspore chromosome. Therefore, the colchicine dose and treatment duration used not only could produce a lot of embryos but also form higher rate of dihaploid plant. In present expriment using 10 - 50mg/L with 48h or 100mg/L with 24h obtained over 5 embryos/bud in about 80% of genotypes with more than 60% dihaploid plants. This suggested that our method can be used efficiently to the field of genetics and breeding in rapeseed etc.

Abstract:Two hundred and eighty-five maize germplasm were identified and evaluated for resistance to sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani. No immune germplasm was found. The percentage of highly resistant, resistant and moderately resistant germplasm were 1.0%, 3.2%, 13.7%, respectively. Most of the tested germplasm were susceptible. The percentage of susceptible and highly susceptible germplasm were 29.8%, 52.3 %, respectively. Plant height, ear height, the ratio of ear height and plant height were negatively correlated with the disease index. The lesion height, the ratio of lesion height, plant height and ear height were positively correlated with the disease index. The ratio of lesion height and ear height could be used to evaluate the resistance of maize to corn sheath blight.

Abstract:To develop new sweet pepper hybrid with resistance to Phytophthora capsici L., good breeding materials of sweet pepper with the resistance were scarce for a long period. In this study, using two introduced hybrids with the resistance, 10 lines with good agricultural characters and resistance to Phytophthora capsici L. were obtained by line method selection. Among them 6 lines have also resistance to CMV and TMV, and 1 line has resistance to CMV. Two of them (20079-0-3-1-27 and 20080-0-1-3-29) have outstanding agricultural characters and resistance. The sweet pepper germplasm we obtained would do great help on breeders to develop sweet pepper hybrids with resistance to Phytophthora capsici L..

Abstract:采用ISSR分子标记对广东省黑石顶地区厚壳桂(Cryptocarya chinensis)不同年龄级(成体、小树、幼苗)的遗传多样性进行研究.结果表明,和具有相同生活史特征的物种相比,黑石顶厚壳桂遗传多样性水平较低,总的基因多样性为0.0901;不同年龄级遗传多样性由成体-小树-幼苗逐渐降低,分别为0.0880、0.0793、0.0648.3个年龄级间的遗传分化为Gst=0.1410,st=0.0659(AMOVA).这一地区厚壳桂种群低的遗传多样性是由于这一地区森林片断化后,种群隔离导致不同地区种群间基因流的不畅通、个体数量缩小使得种群内遗传漂移作用加剧.但种群世代间遗传分化可能由取样误差导致的遗传漂变所产生.

Abstract:The application value of three way cross for hybrid rice breeding was studied by using an indica second cytoplasm-genetic male sterile lines(CMS)9730A. It was based on the analysis of the pollen fertility, self bred rate, female fertility, sensitivity to GA_3, out rate of chapiter, bloom time, restoration of male sterile of 9730A, and the variation analysis of heading, plant height, effective panicles, grain yield per plant, seed set rate, panicle length of main culm, flag leaf length of main culm, spikelets per panicle of three cross hybrid. The results indicated that through using the second maintainer of male sterile lines which had different good agronomy characters, the cultivars derived from the traditional breeding methods could be made a good use of the hybrid rice breeding program, and the second CMS lines with better floral characteristics could be obtained. With the second CMS lines ,we could improve the yield level of the hybrid seeds production, and combine the various good agronomy characters to hybrid rice cultivars with keeping their main agronomy traits in the same time.

Abstract:采用RAPD技术对国内外43个芦笋品种的遗传多样性进行分析.从60个随机引物中筛选出12个有效引物,共扩增出183条DNA片段,其中170条为多态性条带,约占总数的92.92%;平均每个引物扩增DNA带数超过15条.结果表明,43份材料的Nei氏相似系数分布在0.407～0.931之间,平均为0.765,可见遗传多样性相对偏低.对所有材料进行聚类分析,在Coefficient=0.77处划等值线,可将参试样品划分为8大类群.其中Jwc1、Purple Passion、鲁芦笋1号等6个品种各单独列为1个类群,其余的被分为2个类群.

Abstract:为保护和利用小麦近缘野生植物梭罗草[Roegneria thoroldiana (Oliv.)Keng],利用SSR技术对采集于青海、西藏的12个梭罗草居群进行遗传多样性分析.结果表明,各个居群内的遗传多样性指数(Hi)变异范围为0.34～0.57,居群总体的遗传多样性指数Ht=0.64,平均居群内多样性Hs=0.49,居群间多样性Dst=0.15, 居群间的变异占总变异的Gst=23%, 大部分(77%)遗传变异存在于居群内部,居群间的基因流Nm=0.83.进一步的聚类和相关分析表明,居群的遗传多样性指数与海拔呈显著正相关,与经度呈显著负相关.上述结果表明,对于梭罗草的保护和利用应优先考虑分布于高海拔区域的居群.

Abstract:Field survey on annual wild soybean resources was carried out in 10 provinces of part of China from 2002 to 2004. Eight hundred and fourteen wild soybean resources were collected from 221 counties and towns. Compared with the collection information of the Annual Wild Soybean Catalogue, 45 new distribution places were found. According to the investigation, distribution area of wild soybean was sharply decreased; wild soybean resources are in dangerous survival status in China.

Abstract:Grey Theory was employed to analyze six main economic characters of 8 new germplasm accessions of Kidney bean. We evaluated comprehensive performance of enhanced germplasm and interaction of main characters which could be scientific germplasm, and results showed that affected the yield. basis of kidney bean improvement. The yield of 2245 was highest in all pods/plant, 100- seed weight and seeds/plant were important factors that

Abstract:This paper analysed the source and characters of Ke 4430-20 and studied 4430-20 as a elite parent and the production of the varieties developed from Ke 4430-20 the utilization of Ke The result indicated that Ke 4430-20 as one of elite soybean germplasm was used to develop 42 high-yield soybean varieties in Heilongjiang province. Among them, two varieties obtained the second-class award and the third-class award of Nation Science and Technology Advancement, respectively. Four and two obtained the second-class award and the third-class award of Heilongjiang Province Science and Technology Advancement, respectively. The result indicated that elite germplasm is very important for soybean breeding through promoting the efficiency of soybean breeding to select elite cross.

Abstract:PEG(6000)处理贮藏1年的宝兴鸭茅种子活力有所提高,PEG浓度、处理时间和温度表现出交互效应,最适宜的处理条件组合为温度15℃,浓度15%,时间48h.

Abstract:By analysis of line family of Xinjiang the early upland cotton for more than 10 years,the result indicated the yield of varieties increased continuously, the ripe traits became late, and the disease resistance (Fusarium wilt and Verticillium wilt)raised gradually. The resistance to Fusarium wilt has been basically resolved, the resistance to Verticuillium wilt need further betterment, and cotton qualities improved gradually. But kind of varieties was single, and it didn't satisfy long-term demand of our region cotton industrialization development. Therefore, breeding researcher bred kinds of new cotton variety to suit for requirements by means of widening the heredity resources, innovating germplasm, using advanced breeding method, and strengthening resistant selection.

Abstract:According to the flora of China and related literatures, the confused naming of varieties of Chinese quince fruit in China was clarified. It was ascertained that the Chinese quince fruit, the four season-Chinese quince fruit and the muhicolor Chinese quince fruit with univalve belong to Chaenomeles speciosa. The great richness, the carbuncle, the beryl and the bright red sun which are pleiopetalous belong to Chaenomeles sinensis. The Chinese flowering quince fruit with slick cuticle and officinal value belong to Chaenomeles sinensis. The fake flowering quince fruit being used as the substitute for the Chinese flowering quince fruit acturally has the formal name of Chaenomeles cathayensis. The floristic family of the plants from different main growing locations in China were testified in this paper. Those varieties growing in Caozhou, Heze city, Shandong province belong to Chaenomeles sinensis, However, those from Yizhou of Yimeng, Shandong province and from Xuancheng city,Anhui province belong to Chaenomeles speciosa. Quince fruite growing in Yunnan includes Chaenomeles speciosa, Chaenomeles sinensis, Chaenomeles cathayensis, Chaenomeles thibetica Yti and Chaenomeles sp.Commercial values of different varieties of Chinese quince fruit and some famous varieties were also introduced. In addition, some suggestions on how to ameliorate the chaotic naming situation combining the morphological characteristics and molecular markers as well as some basic principles for utilization and breeding of varieties of Chinese quince fruit were put forward here.

Abstract:Breeding of dwarf rice was one of the greatest achievements in agriculture in the 20th century This paper reviewed the research progress on genetics and hormone regulation and clone of dwarf-related gen Furthermore, the great potential of controlling plant growth by genetic engineering was discussed.

Abstract:Assessment of bermudagrass germplasm resources are briefly described. Cuhivar improvement and breeding methods around the world are summarized in this paper, and the present situations and prospects of bermudagrass breeding and study on its germplasm resources in China is discussed.

Abstract:Major cereal crop includes rice, wheat ,barley, oat, maize, sorghum, foxtail millet and broom corn millet in China. Wild relatives of the cereal crop have been used successfully in cereal crop breeding program in China . As a result, it has not only broadened the genetic base of crop, but also developed a lot of commercial varieties and advanced lines and increased crop potential yield and food safety.

Abstract:Up to 2003, 77541 accessions of rice germplasm have been catalogued. Among them, the order of occupied percentage of several types in totally catalogued rice germplasm was local rice (68.68%), introduced rice (12.65%), wild rice (9.45%), improved rice (6.96%), three-line hybrid rice (2.09%) and genetic marker(0.16%). 69133 accessions of rice germplasm were conserved in national long term gene bank. Among them, the order of occupied percentage of several types in totally conserved rice germplasm was local rice (71.38%), introduced rice (12.16%), wild rice (8.09%), improved rice (6.52%), hybrid rice (1.54%), genetic marker (0.18%) and others (0.12%). There are very important research missions to conduct the collection and conservation of improved varieties, lines and mutants, the introduction of foreign rice germplasm, the line selection of local rice, the propagation of rice germplasm, the confirmation and utilization of selected excellent rice germplasm in the collection and conservation of rice germplasm.