Abstract:The difference of allelpphthic effect for 120 accessions of different rice germplasm on barnyardgrass were evaluated by using field test and treatment of leaf extracts.The result showed that there were significantly difference of allelopathic effect potential among rice germplasm groups,especially under the field conditions.The order of control effect on barnyardgrass growth was traditional variety>improved variety>introduced foreign variety>hybrid rice,and the value of relative factors of allelpphthic effect on seedling fresh weight and seedling dry weight of barnyardgrass was larger than that of relative factors of seedling height.According to the result of leaves water extract experiment in lab,the control effect of traditional variety on barnyardgrass growth was stronger,although the difference of allelpphthic effect were smaller among rice germplasm groups,and control effect on root length of barnyardgrass was bigger than that on seedling height.The frequency of higher allelopathic varieties in traditional variety was higher than that of other germplasm groups.Therefor it is very important to evaluate the allelpphthic effect of traditional variety in the future.

Abstract:Seed whole starch contents and amylopectin contents of 325 adzuki bean germplasm resources from major production areas in china were appraised. The results indicated that seed whole starch contents of adzuki bean were 44.79 % - 67.44 %, with the mean of 57.06 % ; amylopectin relative contents were 62.61% 98.94 %, with the mean of 82.24 % ; the differences among varieties were extremely remarkable. We obtained 16, 16 andl3 germplasm resources whose whole starch contents exceeded 62.64%, amylopectin relative con- tents exceeded 93.57 % and amylose contents exceeded 29.14 %, respectively.

Abstract:Using conventional crossing methods under natural conditions,without using embryo culture to rescue hybrid embryos,common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.,2n=6X=42,AABBDD) was crossed with Aegilops tauschii Coss.(2n=2X=14,DD),Persicum-tauschii amphidiploids(2n=6X=42,AABBDD),CIMMYT synthetic wheat(6X,AABBDD derived from crosses between AABB and DD) and Triticale(X.Triticosecale rimpaui Wittm,2n=6X=42,AABBRR),respectively.F_1 progeny plants had two to seven plant phenotypes in each cross combination and up to seven characters were segregating in F_1 generation.For example,chaff color varied greatly among F_1 plants,which suggests there were several genes that control wheat chaff color in these crosses.In addition,the average seed set of the F_2 plants was significantly higher compared with the seed set of F_1 plants.

Abstract:304 accessions of eggplants were identified and evaluated for resistance against bacterial wilt by artificial inoculation at the seedling stage.The results showed that 10 of them were immune(I),51 highly resistant(HR),35 were resistant(R),32 were moderately resistant(MR),and 176 were susceptible(S or HS),representing 3.3%,16.8%,11.5%,10.5% and 57.9% of the plant materials tested.The wild species and relatives of eggplant Solanum sisymbriifolium and S.torvum were highly resistant to bacterial wilt.We obtained 4 somatic hybrid accessions of S.melongena with S.torvum and S.aethiopicum group aculeatum,which were highly resistant to bacterial wilt.The resistance to bacterial wilt in eggplant was controlled by multigene.

Abstract:The rice grain quality and nutrition analysis of introduced giant embryo rice were conducted in this paper. The results showed that the embryo weights of introduced giant embryo rice were 3- 5 times as much as those of common rice, and contents of several nutrients such as protein, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, manganese, vitamin E, vitamin B6, and dietary fibre were much higher than those of common rice, indicating the giant embryo rice is a very good raw material for the processing of baby foods.

Abstract:N. strampelli, a wheat cultivar imported from Italy, has kept resistance to stripe rust for 31 years and grown on large area in southern of Gansu province, where is the most important summer-survival region of Puccinia striiformis West in China and the ideal region to identify the resistance to stripe rust of wheat cultivars. With a infected type of 0- 1, its incidence, severity, disease index and their average change rate were very low, having distinct difference from the three type of check cultivars. N. strampelli was one of the unwonted typical types compared to many durable resistance cultivars which generally bore an infected type of 3- 4 and the resistance controlled by polygenes or major-gene and polygenes together. According to phenotypes of the parents, F1 and F2 progeny, we concluded that its resistance was controlled by the complementary action of two dominant genes and its leaf tip necrosis was controlled by one domant gene. No linkage was existed between stripe rust resistance and leaf tip necrosis. Therefore, leaf tip necrosis can not be used as modal marker of resistance for assistant selection on N. strampelli.

Abstract:对22份花生种质资源进行根系性状和AFLP分析研究.结果表明,珍珠豆型花生种质资源具有根干重小、根基粗小和主侧根干重比小等特点;龙生型花生种质资源具有根干重大、根基粗大和主侧根干重比大等特点.用根系性状和AFLP标记都能将22份花生品种分为两大组,但是AFLP标记聚类结果比根系性状的聚类结果更能反映花生品种亲源关系和地域生态上的差异.

Abstract:Einkorn is the valuable genetic resource for improvement of resistance in hexaploid wheat(Triticum aestivum L.).Reaction of 24 Einkorn accessions to mixed inoculum of powdery mildew and stripe rust,and two T.urartu accessions UR204,UR206 and a T.monococcum accession MO205 were used for reaction to a set of 15 differential Blumeria graminis tritici isolates and 21 differential Puccinia striiformis isolates,respectively.Among them,UR206 was resistant to all 15 isolates,UR204 was resistant to 14 isolates except E11,and MO205 showed different resistant types.The results indicated that most likely UR206 and UR204 carried new powdery mildew resistance genes that were different from 18 known Pm genes and MO205 carried new stripe rust gene(s) that were different from 24 known Yr genes.UR204 and UR206 and MO205 were genetically analyzed for resistance to powdery mildew and stripe rust,and it was identified that each of two T.urartu accessions carried a dominant gene and MO205 carried two independent dominant genes,respectively.

Abstract:在对结球甘蓝4x×2x和2x×4x的授粉受精及胚胎发育观察的基础上,结合幼胚离体培养技术,成功地获得了结球甘蓝三倍体材料,并对其减数分裂行为、染色体在后期Ⅰ的分离及雌雄配子的传递率进行了观察研究,这为创建结球甘蓝"初级三体系"等遗传研究奠定了基础.

Abstract:Fifty-two Bt/CpTI transgenic cottons from home and abroad have been used to study insect resistance to Helicoverpa armigera and Laphygma exigua. The tested varieties were planted in the diseases-free experimental field and insect-resistance was determined in the laboratory, It was showed that the resistance of China-bred varieties to the second-generation H, armigera was lower than that of the varieties introduced from abroad, As to the third-generation H, armigera, China-bred varieties were somewhat higher than the overseas varieties. Xinmian 33B had higher resistance to L. exigua, The Bt and CpTI transgenic varieties showed low resistance to L. exigua. According to identification of insect-resistance, 15 varieties were screened out with higher resistance to the second and third-generation H. armigera and Xinmian33B with higher resistance to both H, armigera and L. exigua.

Abstract:Carotenoids is one of the most important member of plant pigments and has diverse functions such as antioxidant,preventing cardiovascular disease and cancer,antiaging.It is a new trend to breed rapeseed cultivar with high carotenoid(HC) content,since HC canola oil may enhance nutrition value and stability.Carotenoids was extracted from rapeseeds in this experiment,and the influence of different solvents,time,the ration of rapeseeds on extraction process was studied,and the optimum condition was obtained.We set up a fast,accurate,simple and convienient method to measure the total carotenoids content in rapeseeds,and the contents of 30 accession of rapeseed germplasm were determined by using this method.The established method provide a good base for the exploiting of high carotenoid rape germplasm and quality breeding for the high carotenoid rape.

Abstract:Ten barley elite lines and cultivars were studied to determine the influence of genotypes, different seed cutting, media and plant hormones on the embryo-derived callus induction and plant regeneration. The results indicated that the callus induction rate of seed cutting longitudinally was higher than that of seed cutting laterally. Modified MS improved callus formation. Barley cultivars showed different response to plant hormones 2,4-D and Dicamba. The induced primary callus ultimately yielded two types of embryonic callus after subculture of 3 cycles. Regeneration media added different concentration of organic nutrients influenced plant regeneration of different barley genotypes. Albinos were observed in several cultivars after long-time subculture. Callus could be induced from all the tested cultivars, however, plant regeneration was only obtained in several genotypes. Among the ten barley cultivars 87-3175,87-0053,97-4010,97-6004 and 208813-509 were identified with good performance in callus induction and plant regeneration.

Abstract:This experiment was carried out in examination base of Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The effects of different N, P, K, S fertilizers on high gluten wheat yield and quality were researched. The result showed that the grain yield, kilo-kernel weight and liter weight were the highest when N fertilizer treatment was 120kg/hm^2 at the high yield condition. But they had depressed trend when excess N fertilizer applied. The grain rigidity was increased and protein content, wet gluten content, development time and stable time all have increased trend, and bread volume was remarkable increased with the amount of N-fertilizer added. While protein content, wet gluten content and stable time showed increasing trend with the amount of K-fertilizer added. There was no obvious effect of P and S fertilizer treatments on grain yield and quality in the experiment.

Abstract:Evaluation of 1696 food legumes accessions newly restored in the National Genebank during 2001 -2005 have been carried out with respect to quality traits of protein and starch content. The results showed that content of protein and starch was 24.93 %, 45 11%, respectively. The variation of each trait among food legumes accessions revealed different, therein protein content of Common bean and Chickpea as well as starch content of cowpea varied most. Comparing with each quality trait of food legumes accessions from different origins, we found that protein content of domestic mung bean germplasm was superior to that of other germplasm. Therefore, several high grade food legu nes accessions had been singled out through screening. The standard of evaluation for food legumes was also dis, ussed.

Abstract:With the native villagers attending,100 households were investigated to evaluate the diversity of plant species and varieties which were managed and preserved with participatory biodiversity appraisal(PBA) in Shuangqiao,a drinking-water protection region of Kunming.The main results are as follows: 70 plant species including 150 varieties of field crops,ornamental and virescence plants,were cultivated and utilized by 100 households.And there is plenty diversity of plant resource,having 31 species and 105 varieties of field crops,39 species and 45 varieties of ornamental plants and virescence plants.Field crops,such as corn,potato,pea,tobacco,wheat,cabbage and horsebean were extensively planted and cultivated.On the contrary,ornamental plant and virescence plants were rare.It was suggested there was a great difference among household levels of planting and utilizing plant resources number and diversity.Rich degree and biodiversity of plant species and varieties which were managed and utilized by 6% households was high,so the 6% households took more contribution to the conservation of plant diversity.

Abstract:本文报道了合浦县普通野生稻(Oryza rufipogon)资源调查收集结果、地理分布现状与濒危原因.考察发现野生稻原生地新分布点1个,面积约133.34m2.现存原记载野生稻原生地分布点9个仅占25.0%,分布范围在109°13'～109°45'E、21°36'～21°52'N.考察发现合浦县野生稻原生地破坏十分严重,已毁灭的原生地占原记载的75.0%.造成野生稻濒危的主要原因是人们的各种活动,包括城镇扩大、修公路、农业开垦、过度放牧、环境污染、外来物种侵蚀等.针对合浦县野生稻现状,本文提出采用异位保存与原位保存相结合的保护对策.

Abstract:During 2001-2004,a total of 413 inbred lines and 59 hybrids of maize have been evaluated for resistance to gray leaf spot caused by Cercospora zeae-maydis Tehon & Daiels,using a syringe inoculation in the field condition.Six highly resistant and twenty-eight resistant inbred lines and seven resistant hybrids were screened for the disease.The result showed that there was significantly resistance difference among inbred and hybrids,only a few of the highly resistant inbred resources were fund,but none of the hybrids was highly resistant.It is necessary to collect and evaluate the resistant germplasm in breeding program.

Abstract:New types of forage maize included annual and perennial forage maize,which were bred by distant hybridization between maize and teosintes(Zea mexicana and Zea perennis,respectively).Analyzing the biology yield of SC1 and SC3 indicated that the fresh matter yield per year was 115 620kg/hm~2 and 174 045kg/hm~2,respectively.The yield was four to six times than 48-2(Zea mays).Analyzing nutrient composition showed that SC3 had the highest crude protein content(CP) 17.57%,nitrogen-free extract content(NFE) 48.73% and the lowest crude fiber content(CF) 21.65%.Ether extract(EE) and crud ashe(CA) of SC3 was 4.30% and 7.75%.The nutrient compositions of SC1 were 14.73%(CP),26.09%(CF),45.29%(NFE),4.78%(EE) and 9.11%(CA).And SC1 and SC3 was NC and N type respectively by analyzing chemical nutrition type.These results indicated that SC1 and SC3 are high yield and high quality forage maize.

Abstract:选用福建省生产上推广应用的水稻品种(组合)、特种稻和旱稻共45份种质资源为试验材料,在早、晚季分析不同基因型水稻精米和米皮中硒含量的差异.结果表明:①早、晚季水稻品种精米和米皮中硒含量表现均无明显差异.②水稻品种精米和米皮中硒含量分布遵循正态分布规律,表明水稻精米和米皮中硒含量属数量性状.③不同基因型水稻品种精米和米皮中硒含量差异很大,不同品种具有不同的富硒能力.其中早季精米硒含量最高的品种是罗旱紫谷(0.065mg/kg),最低的是84VE303(0.012mg/kg);晚季精米硒含量最高的品种是罗旱紫谷(0.068mg/kg),最低的是加州红米(0.009mg/kg).④早、晚季种植的精米硒含量达0.04 mg/kg以上的水稻品种有:罗旱紫谷、隆化大红欲、555-99、Ziukdo、矮血糯,其中罗旱紫谷精米中硒含量最高,早晚季平均达0.067 mg/kg.

Abstract:Somatic embryoid of Saintpaulia ionantha was obtained from the leaf explants thought rapid propagation.Embryonic cells were preliminary induced on MS+BA0.1mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L+2,4-D1.0mg/L for 15 days,and their regeneration could be increased by 5-10 d initial dark culture.Embryoid could be easily induced on MS+BA0.05-1mg/L.Rapid propagation medium was MS+NAA0.1mg/L +BA0.1 mg/L.Roots could be easily induced on 1/2 MS+NAA0.01mg/L.

Abstract:对578份广东省育成品种(系)和470份台湾品种(系)的茎集散度进行了分析,广东育成品种的茎集散度分布为3°～23°,96.37%集中分布在5°～17°;台湾品种茎集散度分布为3°～17°,97.02%集中分布在4°～12°.广东育成的代表性品种茎集散度为7°～16°.提出水稻理想株型最适茎集散度的计算公式:α=arcsin D/2H.建议籼稻栽培稻茎集散度的评价记载标准分为集、中、散3个等级:茎集散度≤5°为集;茎集散度6°～15°为中;茎集散度＞15°为散.

Abstract:Six description standards were simply introduced and main morphological and agricultural descriptors were summarized. Their frameworks, evaluation of biologic and non-biologic stress, and coding methods were analyzed. Some strongpoints can be used for the standardization of the pear germplasm resources characterization in China.

Abstract:The identification of QTL facilitates may reveal the molecular base of many important agronomic traits and conduct efficient molecular breeding for these traits in order to increase crop productivity. In recent years, the breakthrough was made in the map-based cloning for QTLs of crops and a batch of QTLs were successfully isolated. The rapid progresses in the genomics of model plants have provided the new strategies and methods for the map-based cloning for crop QTLs. This presentation reviews the status and trend in relative researches.

Abstract:生物的单核苷酸多态性(Single-nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)具有数量多、分布广、易于分型、稳定性强等优点,很适合于用做分子标记.等位基因特异PCR(Allele-specific PCR,AS-PCR)是根据SNP位点设计3'末端与SNP位点碱基互补或错配的特异PCR引物,通过凝胶电泳等方法检测PCR扩增产物的有或无,从而检测基因型中SNP的一种技术.经过不断地改进与完善,基于SNP的等位基因特异PCR标记已逐渐成为一种快速、简便、低成本、可靠、高通量的检测基因型SNP的方法.本文应用等位基因特异PCR技术,根据小麦TaDREB1基因在旱选10和鲁麦14的120(C→A)SNP成功地开发了一个SNP分子标记,证明了该方法的有效性和可行性.

Abstract:8515 accessions proso millet germplasm have been collected in 23 provinces of China during 22 years. For the germplasm resources which have been stored in the national genebank for long-term conservation, 16 items agriculture characterization evaluation have been finished, and China proso millet germplasm resources index has been compiled. By analyzing the content of protein, fat, lysine and evaluating salt resistance, and dustbrand resistance for more than 6000 accessions germplasm, some elite germplasms whose single or integrated character was outstanding were selected. By further study, 5 accessions high yield elite germplasm have been applied in production. Three accessions were evaluated as the first grade or the second grade elite germplasm by Ministry of Agriculture, and extended to farmers in whole country. By utilizing the elite germplasm, the breeding insti- tutes have bred 43 breeds, which have become main breed in local area, and achieve obvious economic and social benefit.

Abstract:Triticum aestivum ssp. yunnanense King, one of the three exclusive bread-wheat-subspecies in China, is an endemic wheat germplasm in Yunnan Province. For its exploitation and protection, we made a research on its genetics, characteristic, and comparison with other wheat subspecies, and also put forward some research suggestion according to the current situations of wheat breeding and production in Yunnan Province.