Abstract:

Abstract:It was discussed that the important significance, main progress and tactics of using descriptors, data standard and standard of control data quality for wild rice germplasm resources in the paper. They can push use of the descriptors and data standard forward, and promote conforming differentiate evaluate of wild rice germplasm resources in the whole country and establishment enjoy in common system of information and object. They also have very important significance for promoting research and use of wild rice excellent germplasm and changing advantage of wild rice resources to economy advantage.

Abstract:小麦农家品种红麦(京2747)可抗中国小麦条锈菌多个生理小种。遗传分析表明,该品种对于小麦条锈菌条中19号生理小种的抗性由1对显性基因控制。本研究采用铭贤169×红麦的F2分离群体建立抗、感DNA池,用RAPD方法进行DNA多态性分析。共筛选236个10碱基随机引物,其中引物S1167所扩增出的1条约245 bp的多态性DNA片段只出现在抗病DNA池和红麦中,而不出现在感病DNA池和感病品种铭贤169中。经用201株杂交F2植株对多态性DNA片段S1167245与目的基因的遗传连锁性进行分析,在164株抗病单株中有156株可稳定扩增出该特异DNA片段,而在37株感病单株中则有34株不能扩增出该特异DNA片段,经统计共有11株发生了交换,标记S1167245与目的抗病基因间的遗传距离为6.1cM。本研究得到的RAPD标记S1167245表现稳定、重复性强,可用于小麦抗锈育种中的标记辅助选择,促进红麦的抗条锈基因的利用。

Abstract:Genetic diversity of 61 samples, including 17 Brassica oleracea L. and 44 Brassica carnpestris L. cultivars, was estimated by SSR markers and agronomic traits. The UPGMA results showed that 61 samples were divided into 2 groups, Brassica oleracea L. and Brassica campestris L.. Further analysis of UPGMA results indicated that genetic variation of Brassica oleracea was more abundant than that of Brassica carnpestris, so it is necessary to protect the existing germplasm of Brassica carnpestris, and to overcome genetic erosion. The study ended with indication that analysis of the genetic diversity of vegetable plants based on both SSR markers and agronomic traits was more efficient and exact than that based on either one.

Abstract:The morphological diversity of fruits in 3 intraspecific populations(Daxigou in Houcheng county,Kuerdening in Mohe town Gongliu county and Jiaowutuohai in Xinyuan county,all the sites are in Ily State) of Malus sieversii was investigated,as well as the existence status.Combining Content of volatile compounds and mineral elements,we selected 4 elite seedlings from all 132 seedlings.The aim of this study was to provide original data for consideration of origin and evolution of Malus domestica and scientific theory of conservation and utilization of M.sieversii.The results indicated that fruit shape,size,color and length of carpopodium have great morphological diversity with the variation coefficient of more than 10%.The range of fruit weight was from 9.95 to 47.47g in Mohe population in Gongliu county,while the variation coefficient was 29.71%.The results above support the conclusion 'M.sieversii was assumed progenitor of domesticated apple M.domestica'.The content of mineral elements(Ca,Mg,Fe,Zn,Cu,Mn) in ripe fruits of M.sieversii from 78 seedings at Mohe Town,Gongliu Country were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer.The results indicated that M.sieversii seedings presented considerable genetic variations in content of mineral elements with the range of variation coefficients from 24.2% to 54.0%.So it has large potential for further selection.Four elite seedlings were selected,namely large fruit type,high Ca content type,high Zn content type and high damascenone content.As the predominant component of Ily wild fruit tree forest,Malus sieversii had occupied an area of 9300ha.But the inherent reproduction system of M.sieversii and genetic diversity of the species were destructed in different degrees,as a result of farming assart,over grazing and damage by Agrilus mali.So we suggested establishing a multi conservation system which combines original site,non-original site,ex-situ conservation and utilization conservation on M.sieversii.

Abstract:mRNA differential display technique was used to isolate genes(cDNA) induced by-0.7MPa PEG-6000 in leaves of grain sorghum seedling.A total of 53 differential expression cDNA fragments had been detected,including 5 absolute expression fragments induced by water stress,43 enhanced expression fragments,5 inhibited expression fragments.After further verified with reverse northern dot blot,thirteen fragments are proved to be positive.Aliging with GenBank databases found that 10 cDNA fragments showed high homologous while other 3 were poor supposed new genes.

Abstract:A comprehensive evaluation on 8 fruit characteristics in 34 Guangxi longan varieties was conducted with AHP-FUZZY methods.The varieties were also classified according to the two-step cluster methods.The results showed that the varieties of Guiming NO.1,Zhongyuan,Xihe cuixiang,Shixia,Guoqing NO.1,Guixiang,liangqing NO.1,Liangqing NO.2 and Maoshou are best.The 15 varieties of Zhongqiu NO.1,Guobao,Guiyuan 0503,Jiayuan NO.1,Liangqing NO.3,Zaoshu guangyan,Guilong zao NO.1,Zhongqiu(Beiliu),Guiyuan 0506,Juwu,etc.are better.And Guiyuan 0504,Guiyuan 0502,Bingtang guo,Ruanzhi dawuyuan,Chibai lu,Dawu yuan 8213,Fulong,Daguang yan,Youmian shixia,Guiyuan 0505 are not satisfied.

Abstract:The genomic DNA variations of wild litchi(Litchi chinensis Sonn.var.euspontanea Hsue)were analyzed using random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD).Twenty arbitrary primers generated 165 RAPD bands with the size ranging from 200bp to 1500pb,among which 122 were polymorphic.The UPGMA cluster was conducted on the base of matrix of genetic distance.The results showed 60 samples were divided into 6 small classes and there were some genetic variations in the population.

Abstract:Curvularia leaf spot(CLS)was caused by Curvularia lunata mainly as well as other Curvularia species.In recent years the occurrence area of CLS was enlarged continually and the disease was became one of the important disease in main production zone of maize in China.In this studies the results showed that there were a mainly difference in resistance to CLS in maize hybrids,which were grew in Jilin Province,and inbred lines.Of the inbred lines Ji63,Huangzaosi,Zi 330,Dan 9046,Dan 9041,Tie 7922,Ye 478,Shen 5003,Dan 340 and E28,which were widely used as parents in the past breeding programs,were susceptible.Some new parent lines,which selected from 78599 line and some tropical and subtropical lines,were resistant.The resistance level of hybrids was closely related with the resistant level of the parents.In the field the resistance in seedling was highest and lowest in tasselling stage,that means the plant resistance level was dropped when the plant grow up.

Abstract:The grain aphid(Sitobion avenae Fabricius) is an important pest of wheat.From 2002 to 2005,thirty-four accessions with the different degree of resistance to the aphid were screened out of 2000 wheat germplasm,accounting for 1.7% of the whole varieties,including five highly resistant accessions,nine resistant ones and twenty moderately resistant ones by the method of aphid index.A part of resistant and susceptible was assessed through glasshouse screening of seedling technique and the result indicated that resistance in the seedlings and adult wheat was similar.Genetic analysis of resistance was performed using the F_1 plants and F_2 populations derived from a cross between the resistant Linyuan207 and susceptible Witchita.The result showed that a single dominant gene conditioned the resistance in Linyuan207.

Abstract:Using the synthesis appraisal system of visual-performance-suitability, the turf characteristic and performance of Hemarthria compressa in the southwest region in China was evaluated in the spring, summer, autumn and winter,with bermudagrass and tall rescue as warm-grass and cold-grass contrast respectively. The results showed that in the spring, lawn landscape qualities of H050 and H049 were more excellent than that of contrast. And in the summer H036, H049 and H011 were better than the contrast in the performance, then in the autumn and winter, H036 and H049 had an advantage over contrast in the performance. After integrated indicator weight in a whole year, H036 and H049, with the score of 17.60 and 18.08 respectively, could be planted as landscape lawn, open lawn, sports lawn and ecological turf in the transitional climate zone.

Abstract:Under cold damage circumstances in Kunming,the cold tolerance at the booting stage of BC_5F_1,BC_5F_2,BC_5F_3 and BC_5F_4 generation of hybrids from near-isogenic line(BC_4F_5) of parents Lijing2(japonica rice) and Towada(indica rice) was analyzed by using major gene-poly-gene mixed inheritance models.The results showed that:(1)In the same generation,filled grains and total grains,seed setting rate of BC_5F_2,BC_5F_3 and BC_5F_4 populations were significantly positive correlated.(2)With cold tolerance indentified index of seed setting rate,cold tolerance at the booting stage of NIL were controlled by two major genes plus polygenes,while heritability of major gene was 90.97%,heritability of polygene was 3.83%,and both the independent two major genes and polygenes had additive-dominance-epistatic effects.

Abstract:The genetic diversity was evaluated in the main soybean cultivars of Hebei province based on SSR,AFLP and agronomic characters for the utilization and innovation of these germplasm resources.The materials were divided into three groups and two special cultivars in the cluster based on the 12 agronomic traits.The groups could not reflect the pedigrees of the cultivars.Four SAGs(SSR&AFLP-based groups) were generated from the result of SSR and AFLP cluster analysis.Totally 135 SSR alleles were revealed in 41 cultivars.The number of alleles per SSR locus varied from 2 to 8 and with the average of 4.47.The distribution of simpson index of 30 SSR loci was from 0.0928 to 0.7800,and with the mean of 0.6442.Ninety-three DNA polymorphic markers were scored from amplifications of 10 AFLP primer combinations,with 9.3 markers for each primer combination in average.The range of Simple match coefficient was from 0.5877 to 0.9868 and the range of average was from 0.6732 to 0.7653,with the total average of 0.7237.The result indicated that the soybean population was with lower genetic variation.

Abstract:Grain weight per plant and its response index to nitrogen was used as index of tolerance to low nitrogen in this study.Tolerance to low N-fertilized level for rice germplasm and coefficient correlation among grain weight per plant and its response index to nitrogen and main agronomic traits were analyzed.The results showed that the tolerance to low N-fertilized level was larger difference among rice materials under different N-fertilized levels,and the order of difference for most of agronomic traits were N-unfertilized >low N-fertilized >general N-fertilized.The difference of grain weight per plant,straw weight per plant and panicles per plant among different N-fertilized levels were larger than that of other agronomic traits.Grain weight per plant was positively correlated with straw weight per plant,response index to nitrogen for grain weight per plant was positively associated with grain weight per plant,straw weight per plant and ratio of grain to straw under all of different N-fertilized level.The correlation between grain weight per plant and plant height,panicles per plant ,spiklets per panicle,straw weight per plant,and between response index to nitrogen and panicles per plant,straw weight per plant,grain weight per plant and ratio of grain to straw under N-unfertilized level were higher than that of low or general N-fertilized level.Hwabongbyeo,Zhongzuo9059,Upland rice 9,Upland rice 502 and IRAT359 with higher tolerance to low N-fertilized level,which were nonsensitive to nitrogen.

Abstract:The genetic relationships among 38 wheat cultivars,which were derived from 1B/1R in the Yellow-Huai River Zone,were investigated by SSR.The results showed that 39 SSR primers produced 186 distinctive bands in total and 143 of them were polymorphic,accounted for 76.9%.Each primer amplified 1 to 9 polymorphic bands with the average of 3.7.The value of allelic polymorphism information content(PIC) ranged from 0.320 to 0.857 on an average of 0.634 per primer.At the level of GD 0.32,cluster analysis showed that 38 wheat lines could be classified into 6 groups.The GD varied from 0.10769 to 0.48571.The results indicated that lower genetic diversity and narrow genetic basis were presented in the 38 wheat cultivars.

Abstract:Though investigated the resources of wild lily in Yunnan province, the characteristic of geographical distribution and population quantity was analyzed. The results showed that wild lilies distribute in 9 districts within total 11 districts of Yunnan province, After surveying and analyzing, We proposed the suggestion for the protection and utilization of Yunnan wild lily.

Abstract:Characteristics of special rice resources,including black or purple,red,scented,sticky and soft rice resources selected from 6121 Yunnan landraces were evaluated.In order to determine their geographical distributions,the climates of 128 counties and 5 main rice zones in the province were studied by using Geographic Information System(GIS) technique.Results showed that except for scented rice,which mostly distributes in middle subtropics and middle temperate zones,all other special resources mainly distribute in south subtropics.The study could be helpful for the collection,preservation and study on resources,breeding,exploitation and adjustment of industrial structure of agriculture.

Abstract:The pollen number per anther(PNPA) and pollen germination rate(PGR) of 20 cultivars of Chinese jujube(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)were tested.The results showed that PNPA and PGR varied significantly among cultivars and flower buds of same cultivar during flowering stage.PNPA varied from 0 to 5556 among cultivars in the early flowering stage.PNPA was not significantly related with PGR.While PNPA increased to its highest value in late June,and the highest level of PGR appeared in mid-June.An excellent new male sterile germplasm,JMS3(no pollen and high seed rate),was found and the stability of male sterile trait of JMS1 was further confirmed.

Abstract:在人工气候室设定极端高温条件下，对来源于不同国家和地区的58份处于温度敏感期的水稻品种耐热性进行鉴定，以结实率下降的百分率为指标，通过方差分析，对水稻种质资源的耐热性进行评价。结果表明，种质间的耐热性存在显著差异，筛选出极端耐热品种2份（IRAT118和冷水白）。

Abstract:The result showed that the number of estrase bands and their activity were different among ten Guar bean varieties. The number of bands were more and their activity were stronger of EST enzymes in the chilling resistant varieties than in the susceptible resistant varieties. Among ten varieties, the variety G1 had the strongest resistance and a special EST enzymes band.

Abstract:Screening for grain smut resistant genotypies of Foxtail millet germplasm were carried out on 2050 from different regions of China with artificia infcected fungus.Activities and isoenzyme of peroxidase(POX) between resistant and sensitive genotypies were analysed in different period.The results showed that resistance of Foxtail millet varieties to grain smut were different.After affected with Grain smut,resistand varieties had a higher POX activities than that of sensitive ones.Peroxidase isoenzyme can be used of a genetic(mark.)

Abstract:300 accessions of wild kenaf and 337 cultivated varieties were identified.The results showed there were distinct differences among stem,leaf,flower,fruit etc.botanic characters,and it indicated abundant genetic diversity of kenaf germplasm in China.Chromosome number of wild kenaf were also 2n=36 and,that belonged to kenaf species(Hibiscus cannabinus L.).Various chromosomal karyotypes were found,such as 2n=36=32M+2SM+2M(SAT),2n=36=34M+2M(SAT),2n=36=32M+2ST+2M(SAT).Wild kenaf can be classified into 4 types by morphological characters differences,such as normal,hairy,helical flower and flat global fruit.The normal type was the most intimate to cultivated kenaf and can be further classified into 3 sub-types.It also indicated wild kenaf has subspecies.Cultivated kenaf can be classified into 9 varieties and 17 types,among which 4 of the varieties and 7 of the types are new discoveries.

Abstract:One hundred and fourteen Sorghum germplasm resources which planted in Heilongjiang were identified with head smut, target leaf spot, sorghum aphid and corn borer. Six varieties are resistant to head smut, Seven varieties are resistant to target leaf spot, three varieties are resistant to sorghum aphid, and one va- riety is high resistant to corn borer, These varieties being resistant to disease and pest can be used in creating new germplasm and hybrids.

Abstract:Populus euphratica Oliv. is an important plant resources. And, the study and conservation of Populus euphratica Oliv. in Tarim are the major issue of concern, so the study is critical for both theory and application. According to the advances of the national and overseas, it was found, in the lower river branch of the Tarim River and the outer edge of the desert, that the study of the Populus euphratica Oliv. was neglected. So, the paper put forward the scheme of screening the dominant populus strains and constructing the genetic marker system in the lower groundwater of the Tarim River and elucidated the significance, methods and aims.

Abstract:The development of biotechnology opened more ways for the improvement and breeding of Chinese date germplasm resources. Advances in biotechnological research on Chinese date were reviewed, which included in vitro culture, molecular markers and genetic engineering. Biotechnology had been proven to be an effective alternative for the conventional breeding employed for Chinese date genetic improvement, creation of novel germplasm and scientific researches.

Abstract:Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oilseed and cash crop in the world. It is an important source of vegetable oil and protein in certain developing countries . China is the largest country in terms of peanut production, consumption and export trade. But comparative to rice and rape, it was short of studies in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), especially in molecular lever. In the resent years, molecular marker based on DNA developed promptly, and it was widely used in peanut. Application of molecular marker techniques were reviewed in this paper worldwide in origin of peanut, genetic diversity of germplasm resources, gene of resistance to disease and fingerprint in peanut.

Abstract:Jojoba is a singularity special oil plants in the world during the last 20 more years with high economic values. Jojoba liquid wax (JLW), which has excellent quality, is abundant in Jojoba seeds. JLW has a particular molecular structure and can be used in many different fields, so it is conferred high medical and economical value. Jojoba contains a kind of glycoside called Simmondsin, which is considered has an obvious inhibition of animals' food intake. This review gives a brief introduction of the research proceeding of anti - inflammatory of JLW and the effect on inhibition of food intake of Simmondsin in recent years. Here, we also analyze and point out the problems existing in the research and a prospect of its scientific research and market potential.