Abstract:为了评价普通野生稻自然居群遗传多样性，用24对SSR引物对5个保护居群（江西东乡庵家山JXD、湖南茶陵HNC、湖南江永HNJ、广东高州大岭GDD、海南儋州HND）和3个未保护居群（广西武宣GXW、广西来宾GXL、广东高州朋山GDP），共计356个单株进行了遗传多样性分析。24个位点均表现为多态，其中18个位点表现杂合子不足，RM339位点观察杂合度最高，RM336位点预期杂合度最高。SSR分析结果表明，8个居群的遗传多样性都较高，其中5个保护居群的Ae变幅为1．780（JXD）～2．504（HNJ），肌变幅为0．397（JXD）～0．555（HNJ）；3个未保护居群Ae变幅为2、153（GDP）～3．226（GXL）．He变幅为0．492（GDP）～0．640（GXL）。5个保护居群与3个未保护居群之间的遗传距离较大（0．6585）。这说明虽然有些居群得到了保护，但未保护居群的保护、收集价值仍然很大。居群间遗传分化明显（Fst=0．399），居群间遗传距离最小的HNJ居群与GXL居群的相似系数也只有0．43。F一统计显示所用居群都偏离了Hardy—Weinbery平衡（Fis=0．147），其中GDD、GDP、HND居群Fis〈0，表现为杂合子过剩；居群JXD的Fis为0．109，表现轻微的杂合子缺乏；HNC、HNJ、GXW、GXL的F括〉0，Fis值变幅为0．315（GXW）～0．473（HNJ），说明这4个居群中杂合子不足，可能与这些居群自交比例高有关。

Abstract:The genetic integrity of 30 accessions of maize(Zea mays L.) stored in national genebank of China was investigated by 70 SSR primers.Each accession was represented by two sub-populations regenerated in different year.The genetic similarity between the two sub-populations of the same accession is all above 0.80,except for 0.77 in Hongbaogu(accession number 00230080).Cluster analysis based on the similarity coefficient showed that Er-Huang(accession number 00210055) and HongBaogu diverged from each other,falling into two branches,and that each one cluster was created by two sub-populations of the same accessions,which were multiplied in different years.The reasons for the cluster divergence and feasibility of SSR for genetic integrity analysis in maize were discussed.

Abstract:利用花生RIL群体,分析了11个花生根部性状的遗传力,估算基因对数及性状间的相互关系,根据偏度系数(g1)和峰度系数(g2)估算控制性状的基因互作情况。结果表明:11个性状都是受多基因控制的数量性状,在RIL群体中基因型间的差异均表现为连续变异和明显的超亲分离。侧根干重的遗传力最高达0.60,其次是侧根鲜重,为0.58,而其他性状的遗传力均较低。控制主根长性状的多基因间存在互作,互作方式为重叠作用;控制主根粗(3cm)性状的基因间也存在一定的重叠作用,但是作用不明显;控制其他性状的基因都存在互作,表现为互补作用,但互补作用的强弱有差异。主根粗(1cm)、主根粗(3cm)、主根干重、主根鲜重、侧根干重和侧根鲜重之间都显著或极显著相关;根体积与主根粗(1cm)、主根粗(3cm)、侧根干重和侧根鲜重显著或极显著相关。

Abstract:Inter-simple sequence repeat(ISSR) were used to detect the genetic diversity among 38 bottle gourd accessions from 7 provinces in China.Twelve ISSR primers produced 96 polymorphic bands,with averaged 8 polymorphic bands each primer pair.The average percentage of polymorphic bands was 83.5%.38 accessions were clustered into 4 groups and 8 subgroups based on the ISSR data by the method of clustering analysis,and 4 groups and 10 subgroups by the method of principal coordinates analysis.The results from ISSR molecular markers showed obvious correlation with the agronomic characteristics classification and the geographical distribution of the bottle gourd accessions.

Abstract:In order to study the genetic diversity of wheat landraces in southwestern winter wheat region and provide basic information for improving wheat quality,560 wheat landraces in southwestern winter wheat region(Yungui plain vice area,Sichuan valley vice area) were analyzed using SDS-PAGE for the allelic variance of high molecular weight glutenin subunits(HMW-GS).The results showed that there were 22 alleles on Glu-1 loci,including 4 alleles on Glu-A1 locus,11 alleles on Glu-B1 locus,7 alleles on Glu-D1 locus.The frequencies of null,7 8 and 2 12 alleles were the highest on the Glu-A1,Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 loci,which were 89.64%,68.21% and 96.43% respectively.There were 46 subunit composition types,and predominant were null/7 8/2 12 and null/7 9/2 12 types with frequency 50.89% and 11.79%.The landraces with elite subunits of 1,2*,17 18,14 15 and 5 10 were selected and 52 landraces contained elite subunit combinations.

Abstract:A collection of 129 common bean landraces was evaluated for 8 agronomic traits to display the degree of variations of these germplasm resources.A total of 35 variations were detected with an average of 4.375 variations per phenotypic trait.Two clusters consisted of accessions of Andean and Mesoamerican origin,existed in Chinese common bean accessions.The average PIC was 0.5638.The dominant accessions were Mesoamerican genepool type.The genetic diversity level was higher in the Andean group compared to the Mesoamerican group.The accessions with introgression from Mesoamerican to the Andean group could be useful as bridge varieties for common bean breeding.

Abstract:Statistical methods of cluster analysis and the principal component analysis were used to study 16 morphological traits from 292 individuals within 13 populations of Cerasus campanulata Maxim.in Fujian,Jiangxi,Guangdon and Taiwan provinces of China.The results showed that 292 individual could be divided into two groups,but the overall morphological differentiation of wild individuals of Cerasus campanulata was somewhat unordered.The individuals of different populations may fall into one cluster,while individuals within the same population mostly fall into the same cluster.It is inferred that there are certain amounts of morphological differentiation among populations,but the differentiation is not significant enough to distinguish the population clearly.Principal component analysis results indicated that sever of the traits measured,leaf shape,leaf tip shape,leaf edge shape,branching capability,seedling height after 60 days,flower color and flower shape,were the main sources of morphological variation.

Abstract:Two new materials(N/BBCC and J/BBCC) with the similar nucleus genome from Ethiopia mustard(Brassica carinata) and different cytoplasm from Brassica napus and Brassica juncea respectively were obtained by backcrossing the B.napus and B.juncea seven generations with Ethiopia mustards as the transmigration parent.The new materials(N/BBCC and J/BBCC) and their transmigration parent(C/BBCC) put up the similar phenotypes in development stage,morphological characters,POD enzyme activity,and so on.But differences in male fertility,proline content and relative conductance rate were existed among them,in which the development of androecium in N/BBCC was abnormal,showing serious male sterility,and the proline content and relative conductance rate in N/BBCC and J/BBCC were much lower than their transmigration parent,C/BBCC.

Abstract:Real-time quantitative PCR was used for identification of expression profiles of 10 water stress induced genes from CN165,a drought-tolerant maize inbred line.The results indicated that all the 10 genes except Mads and Grp greatly increased with increasing intensity of drought stress in silks.In ears,9 of 10 genes significantly increased with increasing intensity of drought stress except Mads.The results based on real-time quantitative PCR and macroarray suggested that Arf3,Mads,Trx and F15 were the four important genes which may play vital roles in drought tolerance.

Abstract:6518 accessions of proso millet germplasm resources collected from 14 provinces of China were tested for salt tolerance in the seedling development stage.Among the samples tested,22 and 120 accessions were classified into the most tolerant and tolerant categories according to the 5 degrees classification criteria respectively,which make up 0.34% and 1.84% of the total samples in the research.The results of the present study facilitate further research and breeding of salt tolerant cultivars of proso millet.

Abstract:Seed storage proteins of 260 maize inbred lines were analyzed by acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(A-PAGE) in order to clarify genetic diversity of these lines.Globulin and glutelin showed high polymorphism in electrophoretic pattern in these lines,and both were quite similar.The number of globulin bands,95% of which were polymorphic in these lines,was more than that of glutelin bands.Clustering results showed that the clusters were not corresponding to heterotic groups and pedigrees,which suggested that the A-PAGE of seed storage proteins might not be a good method for large-scale analysis of genetic diversity and heterotic grouping in maize germplasm.

Abstract:采用NCⅡ遗传交配设计,通过在黑龙江省哈尔滨和泰来的两点试验,以玉米自交系Mo17、B73、444和丹340为测验种,对从群体品综1号、中综3号和陕综5号选育的18份自交系进行配合力及杂种优势分析,以探讨群体选系在我国东北早熟玉米区的利用途径。结果表明,供试自交系间一般配合力存在较大差异;陕综5号群体选系HR14、HR17和HR15、中综3号选系HR9和HR8、品综1号选系HR4的一般配合力较高。在供试的72个组合中HR15×丹340、HR17×丹340、HR9×Mo17、HR14×丹340、HR7×B73、HR8×B73、HR6×444、HR5×丹340产量的特殊配合力及对照优势较高,表现出较高的利用潜力。依据特殊配合力及对照优势分析,中综3号选系与旅大红骨群、陕综5号选系与兰卡斯特群、品综1号选系与瑞德群遗传关系较近。结合育种实践,在我国北方早熟春玉米区陕综5号×旅大红骨、中综3号×瑞德或兰卡斯特、品综1号×旅大红骨或唐四平头可能组成较大利用潜力的杂种优势模式。

Abstract:在土壤有效磷含量为0.02 mg/kg和80 mg/kg条件下,采用土壤盆栽法对云南5个稻作区的548份云南水稻地方品种核心种质进行磷高效种质的筛选和生态分布规律研究。通过考查18个相对表型性状,发现相对穗干重、相对总干重、相对地上干重对低磷反应较为敏感,可作为鉴定云南水稻地方品种核心种质磷高效材料的首选指标,并筛选出极强磷高效稻种(穗干重、总干重和地上干重的相对值均>90%的稻种)27份。平均值变量分析和差异显著性检验结果显示,滇西北高寒粳稻区和滇东北高原粳稻区稻种磷高效能力较强,南部边缘水陆稻区和滇南单双季籼稻区稻种磷高效能力强且呈现多样性分布,滇中一季籼粳稻区则相对较弱。

Abstract:在小麦生育期间降水47.9 mm的条件下,以3个小麦品种为试验材料,采用四因素三水平正交设计,研究了不同灌水和施肥处理对不同小麦品种子粒产量、蛋白质含量和沉降值的影响。结果表明,全生育期施氮量300 kg/hm2和225 kg/hm2的处理子粒产量和蛋白质含量差异不显著,但均显著高于150kg/hm2的处理。在中产条件下氮肥底施和追施比例以7∶3时产量最高。春季灌4水产量显著高于灌2水的处理,但与灌3水差异不显著,子粒蛋白质含量以灌2水时最高。供试品种中以京冬8号的产量、千粒重、容重最高,CA0206和核优1的蛋白质含量差异不显著,但均显著高于京冬8号。CA0206的沉降值显著高于另两个品种。以产量、品质和经济效益综合考虑,在本试验条件下,以春季灌3水、施氮量225 kg/hm2、底施和追施比例为7∶3的处理为宜,与超高产条件下氮素底施和追施比例5∶5的结果有明显的差异。

Abstract:With the leaf weight per plant and nitrogen response index as the evaluating index,the low nitrogen tolerance for tobacco germplasms was evaluated,and the relationship between leaf weight per plant,nitrogen response index and main agronomic traits was analyzed.The results showed that most agronomic traits displayed significant differences among different tobacco genotypes under different N-fertilized levels,and most agronomic traits under low N-fertilized displayed the greatest genotypic differences.The difference of leaf weight per plant under different N-fertilized levels was larger than that of the other agronomic traits.Under different nitrogen applying levels,leaf weight per plant was positively correlated with the maximum leaf area and biomass per plant,response index of nitrogen for leaf weight per plant was positively associated with leaf weight per plant and biomass per plant,and the correlation between response index of nitrogen and leaf weight per plan,biomass per plant under low N-fertilized level were higher than that of moderate N-fertilized level.Among these tobacco varieties tested,Yongding 400,Jinyan 6,Hong-hua-da-jin-yuan,G 80 and Nc 82 had the stronger low nitrogen tolerance ability,which could be used as the tobacco varieties of high nitrogen utilization efficiency.

Abstract:56 Jilin soybean cultivars released in recent years were analyzed by SSR molecular marker technology.The purpose is to understand the trend of genetic diversity of released soybean cultivars from Jilin province in recent years,to offer reference for studying,using and enhancing of Jilin soybean cultivars.The number of total alleles and uniqe alleles of cultivars from Jilin(76,12) was smaller than that from other provinces(78,18) among 15 SSR loci.The genetic diversity indices of Jilin released soybean cultivars(0.63,1.23) were all lower than other provinces(0.76,1.55),the differences were greatly significant(0.0003,0.0002).The results of cluster analysis and principal component analysis indicated that,the genetic distances of the cultivars from Si-chuan,Shanxi and Neimenggu were farther than that from the other provinces.By comparing the average genetic coefficient of different years,we knew the trend of genetic basis of released soybean cultivars,which indicated that the genetic basis of released soybean cultivars from Jilin tends narrow.It is necessary to broaden its genetic basis by introducing diversed and distant cultivars as parents in breeding program from other provinces.

Abstract:Isoelectric focusing in thin-layer polyacrylamide gels(IEF-PAGE) were applied to analyze lipoxygenase lacking types near iosogenic line(NIL) of soybeans.Seeds with marked types were managed by degreasing,centrifugating and drying with vacuumized.Three lipoxygenase isozymes were separated clearly from crude seed extracts by native polyacrylamide gel eletrophoretic technique,and three protein bands were eluted and purified right.Considered activity and purity of three lipoxygenases,Lipoxygenase-1 can be regarded as appropriate antigen.The minimum amount of antiserum could successfully detect 10 ug/ml antigen with 1:1600 dilution of antiserum by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Hybridoma cell lines of secreting monoclonal antibodies(MAbs) were fused with myeloma cells(SP2/0) and spleen cells from BALB/C mouse,which immunized by Lox1 particles.Three MAbs present positive through limited diluting and cross-reacting by Indirect ELISA,and do not cross-react with other tested soybean lipoxygenase proteins.Then,monoclonal antibodies using hybridoma fusion can identify isozyme to be present or absent,and this test results can provide an efficient and cheap determining method to assist breeding and experiment base in order to develop reagent box.

Abstract:以从日本引进的苹果新品种斗南为试验材料,根据保守氨基酸序列"FTQQYQ"和"anti-1/WⅠPNV"设计苹果自交不亲和基因引物,P1:5′-TTTACGCAGCAATATCAG-3′;P2:5′-ACGTTCGGCCAAATA/CATT-3′。利用PCR-RFLP分析和目的片段测序方法得到了一个新的苹果自交不亲和基因-S33,其片段长度为348bp,包括P1、C2区和HV(含147bp的Intron)区。

Abstract:对213份苎麻种质的农艺性状和品质性状进行了分析和评价。结果表明,农艺性状和产量以及纤维品质存在丰富的变异;8个性状间存在着不同的相关性;筛选出高产种质(单蔸产量≥110g)56份,优质种质(纤维细度≥2200m/g)38份,高产(单蔸产量≥110g)优质(纤维细度≥2200 m/g)的种质5份。

Abstract:23 varieties of tumorous stem mustard were planted in a random block designed with 3 replications.15 quantitative characters were evaluated during the growth period.These characters were concentrated to five factors by factor analysis on the basis of correlation matrix.The orthogonal and oblique factor load matrices were analyzed for the genetic correlationship of characters.The biological meaning and the correlationship of factors were also discussed.

Abstract:Twelve newly developed pigeonpea CMS hybrid lines,6 from early maturity group and 6 from medium maturity group,were introduced from ICRISAT for analysis on agronomic and quality traits.The results showed:(1) Rate of plant formation and male fertility recovery in the early maturity group was high.ICPH2363 was the best in rate of plant formation,pods per plant,100-seed weight.(2) Rate of plant formation,plant height and branches per plant of 2 hybrid lines from medium maturity group,were much better than the control.The branches per plant of ICPH3381 were more significantly than that of the control.(3) The raw protein content and content of non-N extraction material in the early maturity group were higher than that of the control.ICPH2364 with high quality traits and higher dry seed weight than that of the control had huge potential in elite feeding meal and elite ingredient in the compound feed development.The agronomic traits of pigeonpea CMS hybrid lines was desirable.They have great potential in extending and utilizing in subtropical area of China.

Abstract:Rice is one of the moderate saline-alkaline sensitiveness crops.The different kinds of varieties,growth stage,organ and soil of saline-alkaline result in the dissimilarities of saline-alkaline tolerance.When rice suffered from saline-alkaline stress,seed sprouting postponed,seeding rate decreased,growth and development inhibited,panicles initiation hindered,tillering delayed,total tillering numbers,yields and quality decreased.The recent progresses of physiological mechanism,transporter,genetic,QTL analysis based on molecular markers,molecular signal conduction,gene clone and transform for saline-alkaline tolerance in rice were reviewed,and the research direction in the future was discussed.

Abstract:With nearly 55000 native higher plant species,Brazil is considered the country with the greatest biodiversity on the planet.These species are distributed over six distinct biomes,which include Amazon forest,Cerrado,Caatinga,Atlantic forest,Meridional forests and grasslands,and the Pantanal.A national system for plant genetic resources conservation is established over the country,which include 554 reservations for in situ conservation and 126 genebanks for ex situ conservation.About 250 000 accessions of plant germplasm have been stored.The Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology(CENARGEN)and Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation(EMBRAPA) are in charge of the management of international exchange for genetic resources.

Abstract:Litchi and longan are famous southern subtropical fruits in China.The advances on origin and distribution,collection and conservation,classification and identification of litchi and longan germplasm resources in China were reviewed in this paper.The classification of litchi and longan is divided into three stages: classification based on morphological traits,classification by using isozyme analysis and DNA markers.The expression of morphological traits is affected by environmental conditions;the number of loci that isozyme analysis can examine is small.The limitations of classification based on morphological traits and isozyme analysis are then overcome by the utilization of molecular markers.At present,most new litchi and longan varieties are selected from seedlings or bud mutation.In order to achieve the goal of improving fruit quality and agronomic characteristics,it is suggested that additional studies of genetic diversity on litchi and longan germplasm could be carried out,and marker assisted selection(MAS) could be employed to improve litchi and longan's cross breeding efficiency.

Abstract:穗发芽严重影响小麦品质和产量。种子自身休眠特性、α-淀粉酶活性、α-淀粉酶抑制剂、迟熟α-淀粉酶活性、种皮颜色、颖壳抑制物以及穗部形态等,均是影响小麦穗发芽的重要因素,其中对子粒休眠特性和α-淀粉酶活性的研究较为深入。位于第3染色体组上的R基因、休眠基因以及4AL上的Phs基因均与小麦穗发芽密切相关。已开发出一些与穗发芽抗性相关的分子标记,其中位于第3部分同源群的三重R基因和位于3B染色体的STS标记Vp1B3,以及位于3A染色体的主效QTL位点QPhs.ccsu-3A.1均可直接用于穗发芽抗性的筛选。本文对以上内容进行了详细论述,并就今后如何提高小麦穗发芽抗性进行了讨论。

Abstract:The description standard,including the main morphological character,the biological character,the attribute and the resistance of Bromus inermis germplasm resource were briefed and induced.The characteristic of character structures,the evaluation of bio-and abio-coerce and the compile description symbol were also analyzed.It pointed out that standard of Pooideae germplasm resource draft can be referred.