Abstract:The project of “investigation of biological resources of agriculture in Yunnan province and its peripheral area”belongs to National Basic Task Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology. Yunnan and its peripheral area are the concentrative areas inhabited by minority nationality people where the biological diversity of agriculture is quite abundance. However, the vicissitude is happening that minority cultures and biological resources of agriculture are disappearing gradually along with economic development and infiltration of external cultures. In order to conserve and develop traditional culture and biological resource of agriculture in the minority area, forties counties and ten minority nationalities were investigated and all tasks were completed as the project requires. The authors introduced conservation and utilization on biological resources of agriculture of minority nationality in Yunnan province and its peripheral area, in which the aim was focused on providing basic information and scientific evidences for conservation and development of traditional culture of minority, and constituting the conservation policy of biological resources and scientific researches.

Abstract:To achieve uniformity and standardization of crop germaplasm resources investigation on the “data layer”, normalize the construct of database and guarantee data quality; Investigation data, evaluation data, conservation data and census data are analyzed systematically and abstracted in this paper. And data element technology is used to construct the data standards for crop germplasm resources investigation; Evaluation Database data standards and contents for crop germplasm resources investigation are established; the complete dataset for crop germplasm resources investigation and the mapping relationship between objects and attributes are defined. The establishment of the data standards offers a uniform data interface for data integration and sharing among different databases and promotes the construct of crop germplasm resources investigation information platform in standardized.

Abstract:Abstract：Purple-fleshed sweetpotato is rich in anthocyanins and other functional components which are endowed with multiple physiological functions including antioxidation, antimutation, antibacterial activities, hepato-protection, preventing and curing angiocardiopathy. A series of by-products have been developed from purple-fleshed sweetpotatoes both at home and abroad. The breeding and utilization of purple-fleshed sweetpotato are paid extensive attention. In this paper, the research progress on germplasm innovation, genetic characteristics, breeding of purple-fleshed sweetpotatoes in recent years is reviewed and prospects of purple-fleshed sweetpotatoes breeding are discussed.

Abstract:The latest progress in collection, conservation, propagation, renewal, identification, evaluation, distribution and utilization of bast fiber crops germplasm in China has been summarized in this paper. In the past ten years, 697 accessions of bast fiber crops germplasm were collected from the domestic or introduced from abroad. The number of collected bast fiber crops germplasm has been reached to 9764 accessions, which ranked the first in the world. 5343 accessions of genetic resources were multiplied and regenerated, which insured safety preservation and supply of seeds. 296 accessions of superior germplasm were identified and selected through identification and evaluation of agronomic characters, economic characters for 6543 times. 4296 accessions of germplasm were distributed to 50 institutions in China, which greatly improved the utilization efficiency of germplasm. Based on the current status and existing problems of bast fiber crops germplasm, some specific objectives and tasks of bast fiber crops germplasm for the next stage were pointed out in this paper.

Abstract:Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Sharing from Their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity was adopted by the 10th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity is a milestone document which is going to ensure fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources—one of the objectives of Convention on Biological Diversity, and to affect international society from many aspects. Interpretation, analysis and assessment of the protocol is critical for decide whether to sign and ratify the Protocol. In this article, seven core contents of the protocol, including Compliance, Fair and Equitable Benefit-sharing, Access to Genetic Resources, Use of terms, Scope, Special Considerations and Traditional Knowledge associated with Genetic Resources were interpreted, analysis of its impacts and the predictions of its entry into force were given, and countermeasures were concluded.

Abstract:793 soybean varieties were evaluated for salt tolerance during the germination, seedling stage and later growth. Among tested varieties, 117 and 41 with salt tolerance (Grade 1 and 2) were identified at the germination stage and the seedling stage respectively. 280 soybean varieties were repeatedly evaluated for salt tolerance in the whole growing season in 2009 and 2010，and 35 varieties has been shown to be more salt tolerant than salt-tolerant control soybeans in two years. Three varieties, WDD1812，Jindou23, Jinyi38, showed high salt tolerance at the germination stage and the seedling stage. Besides these two stages, Jindou23 was more salt tolerant than the control soybeans in whole growing season. Besides the slat tolerance, some varieties, such as Jindou23, Jinyi38, Zhonghuang13, Xindadou1, Shandou125, Dongnong46, Dongda1, Hefeng38 etc., were high yield and quality. The excellent salt tolerance germplasm screened in this study provides the genetic materials for soybean breeding to improve salt tolerance. This paper describes the methods and index of evaluation for salt tolerance in the whole growing season, providing the basis for standard methods of evaluation of salt tolerance in soybean.

Abstract:Inheritance of salt tolerance, including leaf firing percentage and reduced percentage of dry shoot clipping weight, in zoysia F1 segregating populations from the cross of Z105(salt tolerant) and Z061( salt sensitive) was investigated by the major gene and polygene mixed genetic model. The results showed that the range of variation of leaf firing percentage and reduced percentage of dry shoot clipping weight for progenies was 10.00~98.33% and 1.87~91.40%, respectively. Both them were far beyond that of their parents(35.00% and 95.00% for leaf firing percentage, 42.10% and 84.59% for reduced percentage of dry shoot clipping weight). One additive major gene model (A-2) was the most suitable model for the leaf firing percentage of Z105×Z061, the additive effect and heritability of major gene was 23.59 and 66.83%, respectively. The reduced percentage of dry shoot clipping weight of Z105×Z061 were controlled by two additive-dominance-epistasis major genes, the most suitable model is B-1 and the additive effects of two major genes were 29.7(da ）and 3.23(db) , dominance effects were 15.03（ha）and 2.28(hb)，, epistasis effects were-3.23(i), -2.28 (jab), 11.44 (jba), and -12.82 (l), and the heritability was 84.37% (h2mg(%)).

Abstract:The cold tolerance at the booting stage and main agronomic traits of 347 improved japonica rice varieties were evaluated under natural low temperature and cold water irrigation, which were from nine countries and eleven provinces of China, and the cluster analysis of the varieties was conducted. The result showed that main agronomic traits associated with cold tolerance and cold water response index (CRI) among the varieties had significant differences under natural low temperature and cold water irrigation. Under both conditions the cold tolerance at the booting stage (Seed setting rate) and CRI of the improved japonica rice varieties from Yunnan and Japan were higher than those of other countries or provinces. From the overall trend, the cold tolerance at booting stage of the varieties from relatively higher latitude of north provinces were stronger than those from relatively low latitude of southern provinces except few provinces under natural low temperature. However, under cold water irrigation, the relationship between the cold tolerance and origin of varieties was not close and did not show a regularity. In addition, the cluster results of the improved japonica rice varieties were connected to geographical location. Moreover, the results was connected more closely to origin of varieties under cold water irrigation than natural condition.

Abstract:The combinations of different concentration 6-BA and NAA were used to screen appropriate culture medium for adventitious buds induction of Amomum villosum Lour. The induced buds were radiated by 60Co-γ ray with different irradiation doses and ISSR molecular marker was used to analyze the genetic diversity of the mutants. The optimum culture medium for adventitious buds induction was MS+6-BA 4.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L, in which the maximum buds induction rate of 91.4% and multiplication coefficient of 2.44 were attained. The appropriate dose of γ ray for buds was 16 Gy. Two plants irradiated with 16 Gy dose, AV16-1 and AV16-2, were mutated significantly according to the genetic similarity coefficients, which were 0.549 and 0.563, respectively. The breeding method of A. villosum by combining tissue culture and radiation mutagenesis to generate new germ plasm was established by this research.

Abstract:Planthopper is one of the most destructive insect pests of rice. Wild species of rice are a valuable source of resistance genes for developing resistant cultivars. Substitution lines population was effectively used in identification and utilization of favorable genes from wild rice. In the present study a substitution lines population originating from the cross of Oryza sativa and Oryza minuta was screened for obtaining resistant resources to two brown planthopper(BPH) and whitebacked planthopper(WBPH). Among 371 substitution lines, 11 and 7 were identified to be resistant to BPH and WBPH respectively, 5 were identified to be resistant to BPH and WBPH. This is the first report of WBPH resistant materials from Oryza minuta. For genetic analysis of the resistance, 2 resistant substitution lines, named K41 and P114, were crossed with indica rice variety IR24, Gui 99, 1025. And it was found that the plants of F1 from K41 were resistant to BPH and WBPH, but the plants of F1 from P114 were susceptible to the disease. Segregation of resistant and susceptible progenies fitted a 1:3 ratio in two F2 populations derived from P114, while segregation of resistant and susceptible progenies fitted a 9:7 ratio in two F2 populations derived from K41. The results suggested that the resistance originated from resistant source P114 was controlled by one recessive gene, and the resistance originated from resistant source K41 was controlled by two dominant genes interactions. These results here will be useful to breeding and mapping of resistance to BPH and WBPH gene from Oryza minuta.

Abstract:Tartary buckwheat has become a popular health food in China. In the current study, through selectively amplifying microsatellite-containing sequences，recombining the amplicons by redigestion and ligation, and constructing SSR loci library, an effective method of recombinant microsatellite ampli?cation was developed. With this method, we designed 500 pairs of primers, and tested in tartary buckwheat. The effectiveness of these SSR primers in tartary buckwheat is about 50%, the polymorphic rate is 10.8% and the average value of PIC is 0.3600. We analyzed the genetic diversity of core collection of tartary buckwheat with 28 SSR markers. A total of 85 alleles were identified, ranging from 2 ~ 5 with averaged 3 per locus. Shannon’s information indices of geographical variation were 0.3633 ~ 0.6671. The accessions from Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet are not only abundant in genetic diversity but also have the close phylogenetic relationship. This further confirmed that tartary buckwheat originate in the Southwest of China. This study demonstrates that the recombinant microsatellite amplification method for development of SSR primers in tartary buckwheat would be very effective, and will contribute to the researches on genetic diversity analysis, identification of useful traits and marker-assistant breeding in tartary buckwheat.

Abstract:Foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.) may suffer from serious drought stress during their growth period, which affects their morphological characteristics and physiological metabolic activities. Previous studies identified that booting stage before heading is the most sensitive period to water shortage in foxtail millet development, but no detailed study on the response to drought stress was reported both with morphological and physiological traits. In this trial, morphological and physiological characteristics correlated with drought resistance index (DRI ) were monitored under both normal and drought stress conditions during booting stage using 20 foxtail millet cultivars. The results showed that relative panicle weight, grain weight per panicle, plant height, length of rachis and thousand-grain-weight (TGW) were significantly or very significantly correlated with DRI under drought conditions, which could be used as the morphological index to test drought resistance abilities. Relative chlorophyll, soluble protein, malondialdehyde（MDA）, and superoxide dismutase（SOD ）were significantly or very significantly correlated with DRI under drought condition, which could be used as the physiological index to identify drought resistance abilities in foxtail millet. Integrated drought resistance indexs including the relative TGW, panicle weight, chlorophyll, and superoxide dismutase （SOD ）content were selected by principal components analysis. The drought resistance performances of foxtail millet varieties in field conditions confirming its efficiency to predict the drought resistance during booting stage in foxtail millet using the integrated identification index and the recursive equation established in this study.

Abstract:In this research, 2 generations of CSSLs( Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines) which derived from combination of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) CCRI36 (Chinese Cotton Research Institute 36) as the recipient parent and island cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) hai1 as the donor parent were used to evaluate the phenotype traits related to yield and fiber quality. Compared with recurrent parent in the same year, the variance ranges and genetic variation coefficients of all traits in populations were very large. In 1942 BC5F3 individuals, the largest lint percentage was up to 49.57%, and the lint percentage was 71.78% higher than recurrent parent, the peak value of fiber strength reached 36.5cN/tex. In 658 BC5F3：4, the maximum value of fiber length and fiber strength reached 32.25mm and 32.2cN/tex respectively, the transgressive rates were 47.57% and 40.27% for fiber length and fiber strength. The correlation analysis showed that it was positive correlation for yield and fiber quality traits between the two generations, but the negative correlation between fiber quality and lint percentage still existed. These results indicated that there were abundant genetic variations and individuals with good yield and fiber quality in CSSLs, the materials were stable and consistent in two generations. However, it was still difficult to improve fiber quality and lint percentage simultaneously. In this study, many materials were provided, which could be further used for QTL fine mapping, gene cloning and molecular assistant pyramid breeding.

Abstract:A cytological investigation was conducted on the 10 Chinese tetraploid alfalfa （Medicago Sativa L.）germplasm accessions from the different regions using a technique of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Three different repetitive sequences were adopted as FISH probes , which are 5S rDNA、45S rDNA and C0t-1 DNA. The result showed that 32 chromosomes of alfalfa could be characterized as 16 pairs with the above probes combination, and the FISH patterns among the different materials revealed high similarity. Chromosome polymorphisms were uncovered both within and among genotypes. Chromosome 1 (satellite chromosome) with 7 variant showed to be highest polymorphic, while 3 homologue chromosomes showed to be more conserved and monomorphic. Chromosome polymorphisms were compared among 10 alfalfa germplasm accessions geographically distributing from western to eastern regions of China. The result showed that a few chromosome variants in germplasm accessions from Tibet, Xinjiang, and Liaoning are distinct from those in the others.

Abstract:By investigating the factors influencing the transformation efficiency of Agrobacterium, a genetic transformation system of soybean cotyledonary node with non tissue-culture was optimized according to the transient expression of GUS in the region of cotyledonary node; The gene Bar was transformed into soybean jidou16, and the transgenic plants were screened by glufosinate injected on leaves. The results indicated that infection medium contains 3% sugar and none Silwet L-77、OD6OO=0.6、with the absorbent cotton as attached media、infect one time have the highest percentage of GUS positive, was 62.13%. We obtained 10 positive plants in T0 generation after detected the transgenic plants resistant to glufosinate by PCR, the transformation efficiency was 2.5%. 3 positive plants of T1 generation were obtained by detection of PCR and RT-PCR, preliminary demonstrated that the target gene was integrated into the soybean genome.

Abstract:Resistance to stalk rot caused by Pythium inflatum Matthews is an important trait for maize breeding. To identify effective resistant germplasm, totally 287 inbred lines representing most of the genetic diversity of Chinese maize inbred germplasm were evaluated for stalk rot resistance during 2010-2011. The results showed that 171 maize inbreds were resistant to stalk rot, among which 43 inbreds were highly resistant to stalk rot, accounting for 14.98%. And 116 maize inbreds were stalk rot sensitive, among which 95 inbreds were highly sensitive to stalk rot, accounting for 33.10%. Lancaster, Reid and P genetic groups were identified to be important sources for maize stalk rot resistance. The results provided useful information for the introduction of maize germplasm and genetic improvement for resistance to stalk rot in the future.

Abstract:The variation and diversity of ten phenotypic of 137 germplasm Catalpa fargesii Bur.1-year-grafed which were from 4 valleys were analysed. The result showed that: between the valleys and within the valleys, the 10 phenotypic exhibit significant differences. The mean variation coefficient and genetic variation coefficient of the ten phenotypic between the valleys were 15.81% and 29.08%; genetic variance components in more than 70%, in that the genetic factors led the difference of the 10 phenotypic, within the valleys, the variation of the leaves department index and skin aperture count is higher within the Jing River and Fen River, the variation of the growth index, Specific leaf weight and moisture content is higher within the Weihe River and Jialing River. The total Shannon - weaver index was 6.995, the trend is the Jialing River Basin> Jing River Basin> Fen River Basin> Weihe. According the phenotypic cluster analysis, The germplasm of four drainage basin can be divided into three groups at 3.65 genetic distance.The first group including 28 germplasm from Weihe River and 46 germplasm from Jialing River basin, the second group including 24 germplasm from Fenhe basin, the third group including 39 germplasm from Jinghe basin, the variation of leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, leaf area and biomass have a certain continuity with elevation rising.

Abstract:The genetic diversity of maize landraces in Shanxi was studied based on SSR markers and bulk samples. Totally 368 alleles in 38 OPVs were detected with an average of 7.48 ranged from 2 to 14 per locus. PIC among the 38 varieties ranged from 0.24 to 0.89。Also 185 rare alleles and 21 unique alleles were identified. The 38 landraces were clustered into 4 groups. It suggested that genetic diversity of maize landraces in Shanxi are very rich and they contains many own alleles that means they have some special characterization. The maize landraces in Shanxi may play great role in broadening the genetic base of germplasm in maize.

Abstract:Polygala fallax Hemsl is the precious Chinese medicinal herbs of the South China,which commonly used in folk. Quadrat survey method used for sanming Polygala fallax hemsl community in Fujian province, the surroundings plant’s composition, community structure and species diversity has carried on the analysis. Results showed that in 26 plots, in the total 2600 m2 type places, communities there are 205 kinds of vascular plant in 167 genera, belonging to 89 families. Seed plants flora composition divided into 12 distributions and 8 variants, tropical plants are a slight superiority and accounted for 57.85% of the total genera; 40.7% of genera are mesothermophytic. The biological spectrum analysis demonstrate that the plant composition was mainly phanerophyte, include liana, which occupies 58.53%, with high dominant of microphanerophyte and nanophanerophyte; the hemicryptophyte and chamaephyte take a large proportion, dominated by ferns and perennial herbaceous plants, while geophyte and therophyte are rare. Vertical structure is divided into communities of trees, shrubs, herbaceous layer. Species richness, Simpson index, Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou evenness index analysis suggests that: The characteristics of vertical structure diversity are herb layer > shrub layer > tree layer > layer outermost, the diversity index of herbaceous layer were significantly greater than other levels. These provide reference to select a suitable environment for artificial cultivation of Polygala fallax, so as to make recommendations for development and resource protection.

Abstract:456 S.spontaneum L. derived from various geographical origins were evaluated by mutation analysis and cluster analysis based on 13 phenotype traits, to create initial knowledge with better understanding of their genetic diversity, and to provide useful informations for variety improvement in breeding programs. The results showed that the very high diversity was detected on all of the traits of 456 S.spontaneum L. in height of plant, length of leaf, width of leaf, brix , between 0.97 to 7.92 in Shannon index. It has a widely range of variation in mosaic disease, eyespot disease, tumblebug and so on. There is a large genetic variation among S.spontaneum L. resources in geographic origin, and it is the morst abundance diversity of the S.spontaneum L.groups in Yunnan.By cluster analysis,the results showed that the S.spontaneum L. resources may be divided into 3 categories, Yunnan for a major category and the S.spontaneum L. introduced from abroad for the second category, others for the third category.Which all have the highly significant differences in plant growing characteristic and brix.

Abstract:CEL I-based TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions In Genomes) platform is very useful for high throughput identification of point mutations within targeted genes and improvement of mutation-detected efficiency in wheat. The space-mutated Xinmai 18 (Triticum aestivum L.) SP2 population was used with one SNP of Waxy gene in the population as a positive control. The TILLING protocol for wheat was optimized through improving the method of genomic DNA extraction, the concentration of dNTP, Mg2 ,primers and CEL I buffer as well as experimental environment air humidity. It was found that through raising the grinding frequence to 30/s and prolonging the reaction time of KAc to 20min in genomic DNA extraction, the quality and purification of DNA were the best. The concentration of both dNTP and Mg2 did not have any influence on PCR products within the set ranges, while primer played an important role in PCR products and the best concentration was 0.4 umol L-1. Optimum amount of CEL I enzyme was 0.1U in a 20 祃 of digestion reaction system and ultrapure water substituting for CEL I buffer was the best reaction condition. A CEL I-based TILLING technique for wheat was established and optimized.

Abstract:Incident of homoeologous chromosome pairing and exchange could occurred in hexaploid wheat under ph1b genetic background and producing compensable and genetic stable recombinants. So transfering the alien chromosome into a ph1b background is the basis of generating the recombinants on the target chromosomes. However, it is difficult to identify a ph1b genotype rely on its phenotype. In present study, the target plants with ph1b containing the alien chromosome 2Ai-2 were selected effectively by using molecular markers Mads (on the deletion region of ph1b), P4 and P68 (on the alien chromosome) when screening the F2 population of CSph1b crossing with N420，a wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium 2B（2Ai-2）substitution line, and their derive F5 lines.

Abstract:Thousand-seed weight of Brassica napus is one of most important yield traits. Construction of the genetic linkage map will provide the basis for research on the genetic base of quantitative trait in Brassica napus. By microspore culture technology, we screened the pure lines DH-G-42 with large seed and DH-7-9 with small seed, their thousand-seed weights were 6.24 g and 2.42 g, respectively, and the ratio of 1000-seed weight for two lines is 2.58. A genetic linkage map with F2 population including 190 individuals derived from a cross of DH-G-42  DH-7-9 were established by SSR and SRAP markers. The map consisted of twenty linkage groups anchored 128 SSR and 100 SRAP markers and covered 1546.6 cM with an average marker interval of 6.78 cM. QTLs located in A9 and C1 linkage group were identified to be significant for the 1000-seed weight trait. The qSW-A9-1 and qSW-A9-2 explained 10.98% and 27.45% of the phenotypic variation, which could be considered as main effect QTL for the 1000-seed weight trait. Our study will be beneficial to the fine QTL mapping, the marker-assisted breeding and the novel genes cloning in Brassica napus.

Abstract:Boehmeria nivea (ramie) is a traditional Chinese fibre crop, and provide the longest nature fibre. This study aimed to clonethe complete coding sequences of CesA1 gene from ramie and analyze its express pattern among different ramie tissues, According to the known sequence of BnCesA1(DQ077190), 5′RACE PCR groove primers were designed to amplify the 5′terminal fragment of BnCesA1 using cDNA from ramie selection “Xiangzhu 3”. Then the full length gene sequence was assembled and cloned. The whole jointed sequence spans 3 253 bp and has an open reading frame of 3 246 bp, which codes for a protein of 1 082 amino acids. Nuclear acid sequence analysis and protein domain comparison indicate that BnCesA1 has a very high homology with Populus trichocarpa, Populus tremuloides,Eucalyptus camaldulensis,Acacia mangium. Specific primers were designed according 5′sequence of BnCesA1 for semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis to detect the BnCesA1 expression pattern among different ramie tissues. The result demonstrated that BnCesA1 are expressed in various tissues of “Xiangzhu 3”. And the expression level in tissues from high to low is stem, leaf, bud and root. Altogether, our research cloned the first full-length coding sequence of ramie cellulose synthesase,and the higher expression of BnCesA1 in bark suggest that this gene may play an important role in bast fibre synthesis of ramie .

Abstract:Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major limiting factor for plant growth and crop production in acid soils. Recently, differential display reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (DDRT-PCR), cDNA- amplified fragment length polymorphisms (cDNA-AFLP), suppression subtrative hybridization (SSH) and DNA microarray have been used widely to analyse plant Al responsive genes. This paper reviewed the recent progresses on plant Al-responsive genes related to transporter, metabolism, stress and cell death and signal transduction.

Abstract:A bacterial blight resistance gene, Xa1, confers a high level of specific resistance to race 1 strains of Xoo in Japan. The molecular mechanism of expression regulation of Xa1 is obscure, though it was cloned and its expression and function was studied. In this paper, we analyzed the temporal and spatial expression and different hormones inducibility of Xa1 promoter, in the T1 generation of transgenic rice by fusing Xa1 promoter with a reporter gene GUS. The results indicated that GUS expression driven by Xa1 promoter in roots was higher than in stems and leaves, especially strong in filling post of roots. GUS expression was increased significantly treated by MeJA, and increased slightly by SA and ABA. These results suggested that the resistance of Xa1 was related to its tissue-specific expression in filling post. MeJA played a critical role in activity regulation of Xa1 promoter.

Abstract:The factors that affccting the ISSR(inter-simple sequence repeat)result of Astragalus sinicus.L. We studied and selected 33 ISSR primers which can amplify bands from the DNA of Astragalus sinicus.L.and the 33 ISSR primers all from the ISSR primers published by Columbia University. Bysetting the temperature gradient,the available primers’best annealing temperature are explored.The effect of the five main reaction elements(Mg2 、 TaqDNApolymerase、dNTP、 template and primer)on ISSR-PCR were all optimized by combining single factor experiments and othogonal test methed .then we establish the best ISSR-PCRreaction system.The best ISSR-PCR reaction system of Astragalus sinicus. is 25μl reaction system containting the DNA template 50.00ng,Mg2 concentration 2.00mmol/L，Taq enzyme dosageis 1.0U，dNTPs concention is 0.25mmol/L,primers0.20μmol/L, 2.5μL 10譩uffer. The seleted ISSR primers and annealing temperature is widespread and representative in Astragalus sinicusISSR-PCRmarker research and the result could provide the basis for the analysis of diversity , protection ;exploitation of SSR primers of Astragalus sinicus.

Abstract:470 accessions of mungbean germplasm were accessed by sprout indictors to provide information for breeding sprout mungbean varieties. The results showed that the thickness, length, color, taste and production of sprouts varied much among different mungbean. Both sprout length, production had negative relationship with seed sizes. While there is no obvious relationships between sprout length, production and content of protein, fat, starch of seed. 84.47% of mungbean produce sprouts with low commercial quality because of a high content of anthocyanin within cotyledon. The ratio of hardness, rotten seed and malformed sprout varied at 0~87.8%、0~85.6% and 0~11.1% ,respectively. According to the evaluation of sprout indictors, a total of 12 accessions were selected for further used in breeding sprout mungbean varieties, these 14 accessions showed no hardness, rotten seed, and have high production and good commercial quality for sprout.

Abstract:According to the Griffing method II, 6 materials such as1,2,3,4,5,6 were carried under low-temperature treatments,which were difference in tolerance of low temperature to configure completely diall hybrid combination, The parents and F1 were carried on low-temperature treatment of given 15-20℃/10℃ in day/night, at adult stage several characters such as the chilling tolerance, plant height, plant width, fruit number, yield, single fruit weight were investigated, The genetic rule of characters and relations among them were researched. The indicated that: there was no obvious difference among plant height and plant width; there was obvious difference among chilling tolerance, fruit number, yield, single fruit weight after low temperature treatment; chilling tolerance, fruit number, yield, single fruit weight were all in accordance with additive-dominant model. Broad heritability were 84.030%, 68.110%, 94.711%, 58.921%; narrow heritability were 75.821%, 60.801%, 6.191%, 49.632%. Correlation analysis indicated that fruit number was the most important character of the chilling tolerance of eggplant, and other characters’ effects were smaller.

Abstract:[Abstract] Gentiana rigescens is a top-geoherbs of traditional Chinese medicine in Yunnan province. An investigating on distribution and current situation of Gentiana rigescens resource in Yunnan was made to provide basis for exploitation and cultivation of G. rigescens. Folk market and field survey methods were applied to explore the resource of G. rigescens in 38 cities and counties. G. rigescens could be found in the most areas of Yunnan, except Zhaotong, Deqin and Xishuangbanna. The suitable habitats for G. rigescens are the slope or understory in the elevation between 1350 to 2500 m. In 19 populations, the root diameter ranged from 0.33 to 0.44 cm, the root length was 19.79 to 7.03 cm, the root number was 19.40 to 6.34, the biomass of root was 1.40 to 0.27 g, and the content of gentiopicroside was 3.56% to 5.99%. The qualities of root were higher in Kunming, Yuxi, Chuxiong, Wenshan, and Nujiang than other populations. The wild G. rigescens is needed to protect its resource due to habitat loss. The results provided data base for sustainable utilization of G. rigescens.

Abstract:A study on analysising the difference of major flavonoid content and composition with HPLC method of rice grain catechin, myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol determination using high performance liquid chromatography method was conducted, which was to provide the theory basis for directional improvement of excellent high flavonoid germplasm resource. The main results are as follows: It was set up the HPLC method of rice grain catechin, myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol determination using high performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC). It was better than colorimetry. Major flavonoid in brown rice was composed of catechin and kaempferol , and not myricetin , quercetin. There was significant difference among the proportion and content. ( cultivars(lines) in japonica rice had more catechin；colored rice had more myricetin and kaempferol than uncolored rices. Brown rice contained more flavonoid than milled rice, while milled rice containing little or no flavonoid.

Abstract:Abstract: In order to establish a highly efficient plant regeneration system suitable for gene transformation, the immature embryos of “Hua 30”, which is a improved barley variety derived from anther culture, was used as explants to study the effects of different medium, hormone combination and carbon sources on callus induction and plant regeneration. The results indicated that the combination medium of modified N6, MS and B5 + 2 mg/L 2, 4-D + 1 mg/L ABA + 30 g/L sucrose was optimal for callus induction. The addition of Cu2+ had effects on inhibiting immature embryos germination and improving callus quality on callus induction. The highest regeneration frequency could be obtained by adding 2 mg/L 6-BA in differentiation medium. Meanwhile, some factors that affect transient expression including bacterial concentrations, infection time and co-culture period were investigated by detecting transient expression of GUS gene to increase the frequency of transient expression of exogenes mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and to optimize the transformation conditions in barley variety “Hua 30”. The results showed that the higher transient expression frequency of GUS gene could be resulted from Agrobacterium tumefaciens bacterial concentration of OD600=0.5, 15 min infection, 2 d co-cultivation.

Abstract:With manual pollination, an interspecific hybrid was obtained from the cross between a pungent frutescens accession H101 (P1) and the pungent C. chinense accession PI439487 (P2). 25 phenotypic characters were observed and compared among P1, F1 and P2. The results indicated the growth vigor of F1 had heterosis significantly, and the majority of the other phenotypic characters were intermediate to that of either parent. SRAP analysis showed that the Fl hybrid contained 220 bands of two parents , accounting for 53.92% of the total loci, and the percentage of 143 bands holding by F1 and either parent reached to 35.05%. The number and the percentage of the specific loci in F1 were 12 and 2.95％ respective1y. The genetic similarity coefficient between F1 and P1 was 0.749, greater than that between F1 and P2 (0.740), suggesting the hybrid was more similar to the female parent at DNA level.

Abstract:To get potential gene resources from wild germplasm for broadening sugarcane genetic base, crosses between sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) and intergeneric hybrid complex (Erianthus arundinacius×Saccharum spontaneum) were carried out and their progenies were then identified by microsatellites (SSR) and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) molecular markers in this study. 34 true hybrids were identified and the results confirmed that utilizing both S. spontaneum and E. arundinaceus in introgression breeding programs to improve sugarcane are viable.