Abstract:“Agro-biological Resources Investigation in Guizhou Province” is one of National Science and Technology Fundamental Projects. According to the project requirements, we have implemented the general investigation in 42 counties and the systematic investigation in 21 counties. Through the co-efforts of many research institutes in the past 5 years, Agro-biological resources in Guizhou have been identified and more than 4800 samples have been collected, in which over 150 rich germplasm resources have been screened from disease resistance, stress resistance, superior quality, early-maturing, high productive and other aspects. The rich germplasm resources is imbued with use value of important and can be used for crop breeding and basic research, we ought to strengthen use and conservation.

Abstract:【objective】 The main purpose of the present study was to accurately evaluate soybean germplasm resources, build the comprehensive evaluation system, and satisfy the needs of fast and direct selection of breeding parent for breeder. 【method】 11 important agronomic traits in 451 soybean germplasm resources of Yunnan province, were studied by path analysis, principal component analysis, membership function method, clustering analysis, and stepwise regression analysis. 【result】 The results showed that there were plentiful phenotypic variations and the complex correlation among the 11 important agronomic traits. And the mutual influence between the 11 traits was clearly divided into two paths, one final impact factor was the quality of soybean, another final impact factor was seed weight per plant. The 11 single indexes were transformed into 5 independent comprehensive components through principal component analysis, which represent 87.685% variation of the raw data. The membership function method was employed to calculate comprehensive value (D) and carried on cluster analysis, and 451 soybean germplasm resources were divided into three types. 97 soybean germplasm resources of the best comprehensive performance wereSfiltered. At last, a mathematical evaluation model for soybean germplasm resources was established by stepwise regression analysis, _。and its accuracy was higher than 95.25%. 【conclusion】 97 soybean germplasm resources of the best comprehensive performance wereSfiltered to form 451 soybean germplasm resources, and we construct a comprehensive evaluation system by using 11 traits.

Abstract:Exploring the genetic diversity of six-rowed barley germplasm resources could provide information in selection of parental lines and cross combinations, finally improving the breeding efficiency in six-rowed barley. In this study, eighty-nine six-rowed barley accessions, including domestic and foreign cultivars, were employed as materials to survey eight major agronomic traits (plant height, internode length below spike, spike length, grain number per spike, spike number per plant, thousand-kernel weight, grain weight per plant and biomass per plant) under three different environmental conditions. We conducted the genetic diversity analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis of these eight traits. The results showed that: (1)The grain weight per plant showed broader variation, while the traits, including plant type and grain number per spike, displayed narrowed genetic variation to the others. The increases on spike length and grain weight in six-rowed varieties were observed. (2) The thousand grain weight and the genetic diversity index were significantly higher in hulled vs. hulless barley. (3) The tested accessions were divided into five categories. The fifth category was the landraces of China, which was widely distributed but displayed a relatively close genetic distance among them. The other four categories were cultivars post breeding, and each had their own characteristics. (4) Based on the analysis of principal component and the scatter plot, four excellent types of germplasm were obtained, which behaved large grain and high production, and at the same time they contained four types (dwarf, long spike and strong tillering ability, big grain, and high biomass) respectively. Thus, this work provided an evaluation equation valuable in use of six-rowed barley germplasm in barley breeding.

Abstract:The color value units, number of fruit per plant, number of seeds per plant, fruit ball diameter, weight per 100 seeds, yield per plant, petal yield per plant of 69 non-thorn safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) germplasm resources were evaluated by correlation analysis and cluster analysis.The results showed that there was large variations among the 69 materials, and the number of fruit ball per plant contributed the most to the yield. Based on analysis of color value units,the safflower germplasm resources were divided into 3 groups .the color value units of safflower were 6.3-14.1, while 14 with high color value units among all resource. Based on cluster analysis on 7 characters,the safflower germplasm resources were divided into 5 groups . The characters of each group were different and the differences were abundant, the groupⅣ were chosen as excellent resources for safflower breeding which have the best overall performance. Safflower breeding resources showed great diversity in color value units and yield characters, but the resources with high value units had small proportion.The comprehensive analysis of color value units and main yield traits established foundation to the effective utilization of safflower germplasm resources and the breeding of new safflower varieties with high color value and high yield..

Abstract:The objective of this study is to analyze the law of genetic variation of phenotypic traits in peanut germplasm resources, constructing comprehensive evaluation system of peanut germplasm resources, selecting the optimal evaluation indexes. Seventeen phenotypic traits of 40 peanut germplasm resources were studied by using variation coefficient and diversity index of Shannon-Weaver to analyze genetic diversity of phenotypic traits. Cluster analysis, principal component analysis and stepwise regression analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate peanut germplasm resources and select identification indexes. The result shows that variation coefficients range from 4.15% to 31.82%, and traits vary significantly in oleic acid, linoleic acid and sucrose content, while the traits of shelling percentage, oil content and protein content are stable. Diversity indexes range from 1.39 to 2.06. In terms of traits, height of main stem, 100-seed weight, and protein content distribute equally, while the characters of oleic acid, linoleic acid and palmitic acid distribute unevenly. 40 peanut germplasm resources were divided into 4 groups by cluster analysis. Seventeen phenotypic traits were classified into five principal components with principal component analysis (cumulative contribution rate 80.41%, reflecting most information of 17 phenotypic traits). The five principal components are grain oil content factor, grain sugar content factor and high yield factor which could accurately evaluate peanut germplasm. The comprehensive evaluation of phenotypic traits of peanut germplasm is determined by the value of F value. The average value is 0.73, KN 176 is the highest, and FH 12 is the lowest. Eight phenotypic traits are screened by stepwise regression analysis: fresh yield/plant, 100-pod weight, shelling percentage, oil content, protein content, palmitic acid, oleic acid and sucrose content. Peanut germplasm resources are abundant in genetic diversity. Comprehensive evaluation of peanut germplasm resources can provide references for peanut germplasm evaluation. 8 phenotypic traits selected can be used as evaluation indexes for peanut germplasm resources traits.

Abstract:The appearance and nutritional quality of peanut kernel are important factors for evaluation of peanut for food-use. Our The present study assessed and analyzed these quality traits of 258 peanut germplasm accessions. The aim of the study is to provide guidance for breeding of peanut as food source. Thirteen 13 agronomic traits including five nutritional quality traits and eight appearance factors were examined for 258 accessions. The results showed that these accessions can be divided into two large groups and six sub-groups. Interestingly, the clustered accessions were highly correlated withBased on botanical classification, plant type and origin. Diverse variations in kernel morphological traits were observed in these germplasm and could meet specific needs for different processing application. However, Germplasms with either high oleic acid content or high protein content and low oil content are less. The strategy for selecting parents for food-use peanut cultivars breeding was discussed and the potential type of parents was proposed. Based on the industrial purpose of roasted and confectionary peanut, germplasm of irregular type, hypogaea type, and vulgaris type with middle to large sized peanut with kernal high oleic acid , high protein , and low fat content could be chosen as crossing parents. Traits of high oleic acid content, high protein content, and low fat content should be focus on for further improvement.

Abstract:The variation coefficient, genetic diversity index, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis of 15 agronomic traits of 135 quinoa germplasm resources from abroad were carried out in this study. The results showed that the germplasm had abundant genetic diversity. Among the seven quantitative traits, the coefficient of variation from large to small is: Plot yield (57.83%) > grain weight per plant (57.37%) > stem diameter (27.59%) > 1000-grain weight (22.50%) > plant height (21.89%) > main inflorescence length ( 19.38%) > growth period (13.89%); The genetic diversity indices of eight quality traits were as follows: Main inflorescence color(1.44) > seed color (1.43) > stem color (1.38) > seed shape (0.88) > seedling new leaf color( 0.79) > main inflorescence shape( 0.78) > seed lustre (0.63) > cotyledon color (0.08). The principal component analysis results show that, The cumulative contribution rate of the first five principal components reached 66.537%. The first principal component was mainly related to plant type, inflorescence type and growth period; The second principal component was mainly related to plant and inflorescence color; The third principal component is mainly related to yield; The fourth principal component is mainly related to grain size and shape; The fifth principal component was mainly related to seed color. Through evaluation and identification of phenotypic , 31 germplasm with early maturity, short stalk, coarse stem, large grain, Long inflorescence ,good seed setting rate and high yield were selected.

Abstract:A method for variety identification using a manual cultivar identification diagram ( MCID) based on SSR molecular markers was applied to the identification of 72 persimmon landraces around China. The result showed that the 72 persimmon landraces were rapidly and easily distinguished at the molecular level through several rounds of PCR amplification using six random amplified polymorphic primers，analysis of the bands of gel electrophoresis and development of the tree-based identification charts．At the same time, cluster analysis was carried out by using NTSYS-2.10e software, and the genetic relationship among varieties was intuitively understood by cluster analysis tree map. When the genetic similarity coefficient is about 0.62, it can be divided into 3 subgroups .The obtained MCID map is more intuitive and practical than the clustering tree. By referring to the MCID map, the primers and specific bands needed for identifying these landraces can be quickly obtained. It has positive significance for the identification of persimmon germplasm resources and the sustainable development of persimmon industry.

Abstract:To provide a theoretical basis for the identification and classification of 132 sweetpotato germplasm accessions, the DNA fingerprints and the genetic diversity were analyzed using SSR markers. As a result, there were 232 fragments were obtained by PCR amplification using 19 pairs of primers , including 165 were polymorphic bands with a polymorphism ratio of 71.1% and an average of 8.68 bands and with a polymorphism ratio of 71.1%. The polymorphic information content values (PIC) ranged from 0.6705 to 0.9331, with a mean of 0.8158. Notably, these 132 varieties could be assigned completely by using the primer pairs SSR9 and C33 and , thus both markers could be valuable for constructing DNA fingerprints. The genetic distance of 132 sweetpotato germplasms ranged from 0.0363 to 0.5939 with a mean of 0.4087, indicating a high level of genetic diversity. The cluster analysis revealed that the tested materials were divided into four categories. For example, the first category consisted of Jinshu 25 and three Japan introduced varieties, the second category consisted of JiXushu 23, Sudan, and Jinshu09281, the third category consisted of 37 S07 genotypes and 18 sweetpotato accessions, and the fourth category consisted of the remaining 70 accessions. Thus, this work deciphered the genetic diversity of the tested materials, which might provide a theoretical basis for selecting the parental lines used for molecular assisted breeding of sweetpotato.

Abstract:The phenotypic diversity of Black Currant germplasm resources conserved in National Field Genebank for Hardy Fruits (Gongzhuling) China (NFGHF) was analyzed by calculating and analyzing the diversity indices, standard deviations, variances and extreme values of 22 phenotypic traits. Combining with tasting and sniffing, we screened resources suitable for fresh-eating through using fresh-eating fruit evaluation index, weight per 100 berries, soluble solids and flavor of berries . The results showed that Simpson index and Shannon-weaver index of non-numerical traits varied from 0.13 to 0.74 and 0.46 to 2.10. Simpson index and Shannon-weaver index of numerical traits ranged from 0.06 to 0.88 and 0.20 to 3.04. Among the 22 traits of tested resources, diversity indexes of ten traits were higher, including date of first blooming, state of inflorescence, thickness of seedcase, flesh color, berry flavor, flesh texture, weight per hundred berries, soluble solid content of berries, inflorescence length, flower number per one inflorescence. The results indicated that the phenotypic diversity of the black currant resources conserved in NFGHF was more abundant which could meet basically the germplasm resources for the late flowering, fruit property suitable for fresh-eating, processing characteristics and (or) yield formation. The diversities of fruit uniformity and fruit hardness were poor, so we should work hard for the collection and evaluation of the relevant poor diversity resources. Comprehensive analysis of the fruit size, flavor, soluble solids and other properties, as well as tasting and sniffing fruit, we screened out five accession resources suitable for fresh-eating , including 11C-18 (seadling offspring), C82, 11C-22 (seadling offspring), 92/69A, Brodrop, which can provide reference resources for further the evaluation and screening of Black Currant suitable for fresh-eating.

Abstract:In order to evaluate the photoperiod sensitivity of foxtail millet cultivars, here we investigated nine agronomic traits of 156 cultivars in two calendar years under two ecological areas with different photoperiod conditions. By deployment of photoperiod relative sensitivity comparsion analysis and photoperiod sensitivity comprehensive index D, we evaluated nine agronomic traits that associated with the photoperiod. The large phenotypic variations were observed (spikelet number > heading stage > panicle length > plant height > number of leaves > grain weight per panicle). The formula to calculate the light sensitivity comprehensive index D was D = -8.803×10-18 + 0.187X1 + 0.041X2 + 0.146X3 + 0.202X4 + 0.130X5 + 0.081X6 + 0.098X7 - 0.086X8 + 0.126X9, where X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, X8 and X9 represented heading stage, grain weight per panicle, plant height, number of leaves, panicle length, panicle diameter, spikelet number, grain number per spikelet and 1000-grain weight, respectively. The D values of spikelet number, panicle length, heading stage and grain weight per panicle number of leaves and plant height were 0.395, 0.239, 0.228, 0.176, 0.164 and 0.144, respectively. Taken together, this result suggested that spikelet number, panicle length and heading stage were strongly photoperiod sensitive indices, while number of leaves showed moderate photoperiod sensitivity, both of which could serve as indexs for evaluating foxtail millet photoperiod sensitivity. Due to the large variation on plant height and grain weight per panicle, both traits might be not considered to be deployed in photoperiod sensitivity evaulation in foxtail millet.

Abstract:The objective of this experiment was to establish the model of near infrared for determining corn stalk fiber quality rapidly, Which is used for strawing fiber quality evaluation of different heterotic groups of maize. The general combining ability(GCA) of fiber quality traits are analyzed, and the lines with good fiber quality and high positive GCA effect are screened to provid reference for the cultivation of lodging resistant maize hybrids. With crushed the third internode and fourth internode of corn stalk as the material, the mathematical models of cellulose and hemicellulose and lignin were established in taking near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) technology. The fiber quality models were used to calculate the stem fiber quality of 94 inbred lines and 376 hybrids, which were planted at two environments a year. Variance analysis of the overall difference in different heterotic groups. The results show that the mathematical models the correction coefficient of determination, cross validation and external are between 0.801-0.998, the error (RMSEC, RMSECV, RMSEP) are between 0.131-1.454. This correction model has high accuracy, which could predict the fiber quality of maize stalk accurately. Therefore，it could provide a reference for the identification of lodging resistant germplasm resources. The fiber quality of LRC is the lowest in these heterosis groups. The fiber quality of P group and TangSPT group are better than other heterosis groups, and it also have a high forward effect in GCA. There are 9 inbred lines in this study, which are not only good quality fiber but also GCA with high positive effect,and there are 2 lines in the P group,1 line in the TangSPT group,2 lines in the Lancaster group,2 lines in the Reid group,2 lines in the Mix group.

Abstract:Leaf shape is one of the factors important for crop architecture, and uncovering the genes that control the leaf shape development will be important for ideal plant architecture breeding and basic theory research. By screening the maize mutant library generated from Mutator active hybird lines, we identified a rolling leaf mutant rol1, which showed dramatic rolling phenotype on its leaves toward the adaxial side at the elongation stage. Genetic analysis indicated that the rolling leaf phenotype was controlled by a signal recessive gene. We constructed the F2 segregation population using inbred line B73 and rol1 to map the target gene, and the ROL1 gene was roughly mapped to the interval 165-185 Mb on the chromosome 5 by BSR-Seq strategy sequencing the mutant and wild type pool derived from F2 population. Furthermore, using the segregation population, we narrowed down the candidate region to 5 Mb interval between SSR markers umc1822 and umc1155. These results provide useful and confident information for cloning and functional characterization of ROL1 gene in the future.

Abstract:In this study, F₁ population was constructed by a cross derived from tobacco cultivars G117 and RG13. A natural mutant individual was found in F₃ lines during breeding selection. The mutant exhibits a yellow-green leaf phenotype, which is controlled by one recessive gene by classical genetic analysis. Significant markers related with aimed trait were detected by jointly 430 K SNP chip with two extreme selective populations. Subsequently, the entire segregation population derived from one F₇ plant was genotyped using PCR method at these significant markers loci. Finally, the recessive gene controlled a yellow-green leaf phenotype in tobacco was mapped to chromosome 5 and co-segregated with the SNP marker M7. These results could enhance our understanding of the inheritance of yellow-green leaf mutant, and provide a new avenue for mapping the mutant loci or the QTL in tobacco by combining SNP chip and extreme selection populations.

Abstract:A RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase SDIR1 (SALT-AND DROUGHT INDUCED REALLY INTREASTING NEW GENE FINGER1), which plays a pivotal role in plants signaling pathway. TaSDIR1-4D was isolated from genome D of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The full length of TaSDIR1-4D was 4,070 bp, including a 1443 bp upstream fragment of the coding region, 2352 bp coding region, 275 bp 3' UTR.The gene cDNA sequence length of the coding region was 849 bp, which encoded 282 amino acids, including two transmembrane domains and a relatively conserved RING finger domain. TaSDIR1-D was located on the chromosome 4D by using wheat wild relatives and a set of nullisomic-tetrasomic lines of Chinese Spring. TaSDIR1-D showed the highest expression level in flag leaves during heading stage. TaSDIR1-D was up-regulated by NaCl, ABA, PEG and 4℃ treatments, which suggested that TaSDIR1-D may be involved in plant abiotic stress signaling pathway. By detecting the polymorphism of TaSDIR1-D gene sequence in 32 hexaploid wheat accessions, two SNPs were detected in the full-length sequence. One was identified in the promoter region, another in the fourth exon (G/A), which led to amino acid Arg (CGC) change into His (CAC). In a natural population consisted of 262 accessions, two haplotypes of TaSDIR1-D were detected by SNP-583, a SNP marker developed from the SNP (T/C) at -583 bp, which were significantly or very significantly correlated with 1000-grain weight, length of penultimate node and spike length. Hap-4A-2 is considered as a potential superior haplotype for increasing 1000-grain weight. The results provide a theoretical basis and genetic resources for wheat molecular breeding.

Abstract:SLEEPY1(SLY1), one of the main elements in SCF complex, belongs to F-box protein. It plays an important regulatory role in the signal transduction process of gibberellin. A full length of F-box gene, designated VvSLY1, was isolated from grapevine ‘Summer Black’ (Vitis vinifera L.) by electronic cloning and RT-PCR method. The gene was 1096 bp and contained a complete open reading frame of 555 bp that encoded 184 amino acids. Sequence alignment and motif analysis suggested that the VvSLY1 gene contained LGG and LSL, which were conserved domains of F-box protein. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the VvSLY1 protein had the closest genetic relationship with the Populus euphratica protein. Results of qRT-PCR revealed that the expression of VvSLY1 was up-regulated by gibberellin treatment in the fast expansion development of fruit.

Abstract:In order to screen the differential expression of young shoot pigment related genes of the tea plant. In this study, tea cultivars for example purple bud ‘Zijuan’, green bud ‘Yunkang No.10’ and ‘Fuding Dabaicha’ were used as materials. The contents and compositions of anthocyanin and catechin were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-mass (HPLC-MS), and the expression of synthesis-related genes were tested by RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) and quantitative real-time (qRT-PCR) technology. HPLC-MS analysis results showed that the contents of anthocyanin in ‘Zijuan’, ‘Yunkang No.10’ and ‘Fuding Dabaicha’ were 5.05 mg/g, 0.08 mg/g and 0.15 mg/g, respectively, and the variance was significantly difference among purple bud vs. green bud tea cultivars (P<0.05). Catechin contents of three tea cultivars were 15.12 mg/g, 19.52 mg/g and 15.09 mg/g, respectively, their difference were not significant (P?0.05). RNA-Seq results showed that a total of 255 079 reads were produced and assembled into a total of 166 118 unigenes. All unigenes were identified as putative homologs of annotated sequences in public protein databases, of which 54 446 were assigned to GO terms, 30 666 were assigned to KOG categories, and 20 336 were assigned to KEGG pathways. DEG-Seq analysis results indicated that 434 differentially expressed genes between purple bud vs. green bud tea cultivars, mainly related 38 metabolic pathways. Further analysis was found, 112 genes were expressed in anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway of tea plant, among them15 genes were differentially expressed between purple bud vs. green bud tea cultivars. We found that the relative expression of PAL (cluster-1850.70337), CHS (cluster-21971.0), ANS (cluster-1850.80848) and UFGT (cluster-1850.77163) were up-regulated expression in purple bud tea cultivar, but the relative expression of these genes showed no significantly difference among green bud tea cultivars. Which was consistent with the anthocyanin synthesis changes. FLS (Cluster-1850.81068) genes were up-regulated expression in green bud tea cultivars, may be related to the catechin accumulation in green bud tea cultivars. The expressed contents of the selected 9 differentially expressed genes by the qRT-PCR, were basically the same with the sequencing results by RNA-Seq technology. Therefore, based on the differential gene expression patterns, this study suggested that PAL、CHS、ANS and UFGT genes may plays an important role in anthocyanin synthesis of purple bud tea plant. Transcriptome information about leaf color was explored for tea plant, and the differentially expressed genes were identified in this study. It will provide a theoretical basis for further understanding of the leaf color in the tea plant.

Abstract:The WD40 protein, also known as the WD-repeat protein, contains 6-16 copies of the conserved domain, starting from Gly-His to tryptophan-aspartate (Trp-Asp, WD). The WD40 protein contains numerous members and composed a transcription factor (TF) family that plays important roles in plant responses to stress stimulus. Autophagy-related protein is a type of WD40 transcription factorTF involved in a variety of life activities such as plant growth, development, metabolism and response to adverse stimulus. However, the research on WD40 protein is dominated by herbaceous plants, and there are few studies on woody plants trees, especially the autophagy-related protein. Walnut is one of the major economic tree species that is composed of the multi-faceted poverty alleviation project in China. It plays an important role in promoting the regional economic development. However, in recent years, as the global environmental changes, environmental factors have seriously hampered the development of the walnut industry. Therefore, screening and characterization of walnut adversity response related genes and mechanisms will promote the selection and breeding of walnut resistant varieties, which may further improve the overall benefits of China's walnut industry. At present, there are few reports on the molecular mechanism of stress response in walnut planttree, therefore, exploring the stress response related genes and verifying the adaptive mechanism is urgently needed. In order to better explore the resistance mechanism of walnut tree and screen the genes related to stress resistance, in this study, an autophagy-related protein 18a (ATG18a) belong to WD40 TF was cloned from Juglans regia, which was named as JrATG18a. The basic biological function of JrATG18a was predicted by comparison the tissue expression profiles under abiotic stress-heat (45℃), cold (5℃), drought (20% PEG6000) and plant hormone treatments [2 mg/L salicylic acid (SA), 0.1 mmol/L ABA, 100 mg/L jasmonic acid (JA)] using the bioinformatics and gene expression techniques. The treatment time is 0, 3, 6 12, 24 h and the tissue includes leaf and root. The results showed that the open reading frame (ORF) of the JrATG18a gene was 1371 bp, the coding polypeptide contained 456 amino acids, the molecular weight was 50.746 KDa, and the theoretical isoelectric point was 5.97. JrATG18a shared close evolution with the ATG proteins from Fragaria vesca, Malus domestica, and Prunus persica. The three-dimensional structure of JrATG18a protein is presumed to be similar to that of strawberry FvvATG18a and apple MdATG18a, suggesting that JrATG18a may share similar functions with FvvATG18a and MdATG18a. A 2090 bp upstream promoter segment was isolated and predicted to contain abundant cis-elements, among which some are stress response related elements, such as heat shock element (HSE), low temperature response (LTR), SA and MeJA, implying the potential role of JrATG18a in walnut plant stress response and may involve in auxin signaling pathways. Then the expression profiles of JrATG18a under heat, cold, drought, SA, MeJA ABA and ABA JA treatments were analyzed by qRT-PCR. The results, and showed that JrATG18a gene could be induced by heat, cold, drought, SA, MeJA, ABA treatments with root and leaf tissue specificity. These results suggested that JrATG18a could response to stress and involve in walnut adaptation to adverse environment, JrATG18a is an effective candidate gene for walnut molecular breeding.

Abstract:The objective of this study was to understand the distribution pattern of microsatellite (SSR) and to develop EST-SSR primers to provide effective identification markers for the evaluation of germplasm resources and assisted breeding of Huaren apricot. In this study, the number, frequency and distribution of SSR loci in young apricot fruit were analyzed by bioinformatics. The SSR primers were screened and developed using transcriptome data. Polymorphic loci in 29 clones of Huaren apricot were detect and identify using the developed primers. The results showed that the frequency of EST-SSR was 19.21% and the repetitive number of repeat units was between 5 and 24 times. The dominant repeat motifs were single nucleotide, dinucleotide and trinucleoside Acid, accounting for 19.81%, 46.47%, 32.49% of the total SSR respectively. Among the 139 pairs of primers tested, 39 pairs of primers amplified the target sequence, of which 24 pairs of primers could detect polymorphic sites, accounting for 17.27% of the total number of primers tested. A total of 170 alleles were detected in 29 Huaren apricot clones using 24 pairs of primers. The PIC ranged from 0.33 to 0.87 with an average of 0.64, of which, high polymorphism primer 19 pairs, accounting for 79.2% of the proportion of polymorphic primers. In this study, SSR information of Huaren apricot transcriptome was analyzed and 19 pairs of high polymorphic SSR primers and 5 pairs of moderate polymorphic primers were developed, which provides the foundation for evaluating the germplasm resources of Huaren apricot and molecular markers Breeding.

Abstract:The purpose of this study was to establish the optimal SRAP-PCR reaction system for potato, using the potato genomic DNA as a template and combining the single factor with the orthogonal experimental design, five factors including the concentrations of template DNA, Mg2+, dNTPs, Taq DNA polymerase and primers in SRAP-PCR reaction were optimized, then the optimal SRAP-PCR reaction system for potato was established. The results showed that ,the best SRAP-PCR amplification system is 60 ng template DNA, 1.5 mmol/L Mg2+ , 0.25 mmol/L dNTPs, 0.60 μmol/L each primer and 0.75U Taq DNA polymerase in a 20 μL reaction system for potato. And the order of each factor affecting the result of PCR is: Mg2+ > Taq DNA polymerase > DNA template > primer > dNTPs. The optimized system was verified by 6 potato DNA samples which obtained clear and stable polymorphic bands, it can be used to analyze the genetic diversity and construct genetic map of potato.

Abstract:Low temperature is one of the major factors limiting rice productivity. Identification, exploration and utilization of the existing elite cold-tolerant rice germplasm resources is supposed to be the most practical and economical approach to breeding for cold-tolerant rice varieties to reduce the adverse effects of chilling damage on rice productivity. In this study, one cold-tolerant rice germplasm SH5 derived from Oryza meyeriana was identified by screening for the rice plants that planted in suitable season can live through the winter season in the field and will germinate in the following spring. The result of the cold treatment at 0°C showed that the overwintering trait of SH5 wasn’t corrected with the cold tolerance of the aboveground plant of the SH5; the field observation of overwintering trait indicated that it was the stem which was near and below the surface that had the characterization of overwintering trait; the germinated SH5 rice plant in the spring has the similar agricultural trait of the SH5 rice plant planted in suitable season. The identification of the cold-tolerant rice germplasm SH5 would provide a valuable rice germplasm for breeding elite cultivars with cold tolerance.

Abstract:Rosa praelucens Byhouwer is a famous alpine flower and rose germplasm resource highly tolerant to coldness endemic to Yunnan. It is also the only decaploid wild rose once reported. However, its phylogenetic position is still a debatable point and its origination is unclear yet. In this study, its phylogenetic position was explicated by reconstructing the phylogeny of 49 rose species based on 5S rDNA and 4 chloroplast DNA fragments, i. e. psbA-atpH, rbcL, rpl16 and trnL-F. Its original ancestors were postulated by sequence alignment and base comparison with its closely related species. The results were as the follows. Firstly, the sequence length of 5S rDNA was 498-573 bp and varied significantly among species. The combined alignment of 4 cpDNA fragments had 2969 bases, 170 of which were polymorphic. Secondly, both phylogenetic tree based on 5S rDNA and cpDNA supported that R. praelucens clustered with species from Sect. Cinnamomeae, rather than R. roxburghii of Sect. Microphyllae. Thus, it should be placed in Sect. Cinnamomeae rather than Sect. Microphyllae. Thirdly, the origination of R. praelucens was very complex. Rosa murielae was its most possible maternal ancestor. Both R. gracilifolia and R. moyesii were its paternal ancestors, but R. caudata and R. davidii might also have participated the hybrid origination of R. praelucens as paternal parent.

Abstract:“Yonglu”white loquat is a mud mutation of local Ruantiao white loquat in Zhejiang province. After more than 15 years of continuous breeding and comparative experiments, this germplasm was verified much better than its parent in shape, seed number, single fruit weight and fruit cracking. In combination with the early molecular markers and other related technical means, it is clear that it is a bud variable resource. Thus, the material was authorized a new specie by the state department of agriculture in March 2018. At present, this variety is being promoted in Taizhou, Zhejiang province.