Abstract:In this study, genetic diversity analysis and the construction of a molecular fingerprinting map were performed for 22 vegetable soybean varieties approved in Fujian Province from 2003 to 2022, basing on 26 phenotypic traits and 43 pairs of SSR molecular markers. The results revealed there exhibited 16 types of variations in the seven qualitative traits among the 22 vegetable soybean varieties, with an average diversity index (H") of 0.494. The variation coefficients of the sixteen quantitative traits ranged from 3.44% to 50.6%, with an average H" of 1.9340, indicating rich phenotypic genetic diversity. A total of 204 loci were detected with 43 pairs of SSR molecular markers, exhibiting an average polymorphism rate of 88.72%. The Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) varied from 0 to 0.3729, with an average of 0.2089. The Satt514 maker demonstrated the highest PIC value of 0.3729. The average number of alleles (Na) and effective number of alleles (Ne) were 1.8103 and 1.4374, respectively. The average Nei"s gene diversity index (H") was 0.2623, and the average Shannon"s polymorphism information index (I) was 0.4016. The genetic similarity coefficient among the 22 varieties ranged from 0.4923 to 1.0000, with an average of 0.7073. The highest genetic similarity coefficient was observed between Huxuan 23-9 and Maodou 389 at 1, whereas the lowest coefficient was found between Xinghuadou 618 and Mindou No.10 at 0.4923. Cluster analysis showed that the 22 vegetable soybean cultivars were classified into three groups based on phenotypic characters and molecular markers. Mindou No.1 was classified into a separate group using both methods, indicating that it would have significant differences from other cultivars in both phenotypic traits and genetic background, making it suitable as a parental linefor hybridization. Considering the principles of uniform chromosomal distribution, distinct band patterns, and rich polymorphism, eight SSR makers (Satt197, Satt268, Satt373, Satt005, Satt431, Satt334, Satt191, and Satt380) were selected to construct the molecular fingerprint map of the 22 vegetable soybean varieties approved in Fujian Province. With these primer combination, 19 out of the 22 varieties could be distinguished, except for Maodou No.3, Huxuan 23-9, and Maodou 389. The findings would provide a scientific foundation for the efficient utilization of vegetable soybean germplasm resources and breeding in Fujian Province. This would also contribute to the differentiation and preservation of approved varieties.

Abstract:In this study, 85 local adzuki bean germplasm resources collected in Zhejiang Province during “The Third National Campaign of Crop Germplasm Census and Collection” were used as materials, and a systematic analysis was conducted on the genetic diversity of their agronomic and quality traits. The study found that these resources were unevenly distributed within Zhejiang Province and exhibited rich genetic diversity. The coefficient variation of quantitative traits ranged from 6.10% to 58.26%. The coefficients of variation of yield per plant (58.26%) and the number of pods per plant (42.47%) were the highest. The Shannon diversity index ranged from 0.02 to 2.43, and the diversity index of plant height was the largest. Correlation analysis showed that the grain length was positively correlated with grain width (R=0.73), pod length (R=0.62), and 100-seed weight (R=0.82).; the plot yield was positively related to the number of pods per plant (R=0.44) and yield per plant (R=0.38). Principal component analysis extracted 5 principal components, with a cumulative contribution rate of 63.929%. The coefficient variation of 11 descriptive traits ranges from 0.00% to 181.15%. The coefficient of variation of the color of young pod was the smallest, and that of pod dehiscence was the largest. The diversity index ranged from 0.00 to 1.18. The diversity index of maturity was the highest, while that of the young pod color was the lowest. Cluster analysis divided these resources into three major groups. Group I contained 17 resources, with a relatively short overall growth period, a short plant height, and large seed length, seed width, and 100-seed weight. Group II contained 37 resources, with a medium maturity and relatively tall plant. Group III covered 31 resources, with a long growth period, high pod length, pod width, number of pods per plant, and number of seeds per pod, as well as high yield and amino acid content. Four excellent adzuki bean resources in Zhejiang Province were screened out through comprehensive scoring. This study systematically analyzed and evaluated the newly collected adzuki bean germplasm resources in Zhejiang. It provides an important theoretical basis for adzuki bean germplasm innovation and the cultivation of excellent varieties, and contributes to promoting the development of the adzuki bean industry.

Abstract:‘Guanghetao029-1’ ‘Honggengansutao1’ ‘Zhouxingshantao’ ‘Xinjianghuangrou’ ‘Taoxingbiantao’ ‘Zhongbizaoxiangju’ ‘Zaoshanghaishuimi’ and ‘Tanchun’ were used as experimental materials. Headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to detect volatile compounds. The main aroma substances of different samples were identified by the odor activity value (OAV), principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The results showed that a total of 471 volatile substances in 14 categories were identified in eight peach blossom samples. Among them, heterocyclic compounds, terpenoids and esters were the most abundant, with 78, 77 and 66 species, respectively. The highest content of heterocyclic compounds, ketones and alcohols were 4473460.22 μg/kg, 539998.06 μg/kg and 480975.72 μg/kg, respectively. Based on the odor activity value (OAV), 15 key aroma components were screened with variable importance in projection (VIP)>1 and P<0.05, among which the VIP value of Butylbenzene was the highest (2.72), followed by β-damascenone (2.50). Through analysis of aroma characteristics, it was found that the aroma of green, fatty and waxy is the main characteristic of peach blossom. The aroma types of ‘Guanghetao029-1’ were mainly green, fatty, waxy, melon and cucumber, supplemented by nutty aroma. The aroma types of ‘Honggengansutao1’ and ‘Zhongbizaoxiangju’ were mainly green, fatty, waxy, melon, cucumber and fruit, supplemented by fresh, herbal and nutty aromas. The aroma types of ‘Zhouxingshantao’ are mainly green, fatty, waxy, melon, cucumber, fruit and nutty, supplemented by fresh and herbal aromas.

Abstract:The history of rice cultivation in Zhejiang Province is long-standing, with a rich of rice germplasm resources. At present, there are more than 2000 rice germplasm resources from Zhejiang Province in the National Rice Germplasm Resources Intermediate Bank (Hangzhou). However, these resources have not been systematically screened and identified, which may lead to the existence of some duplicated resources. Here, 1970 rice germplasm resources originating from Zhejiang Province have been used for genome variation map construction through the whole-genome resequencing. 10,532 core SNP markers were screened for genetic similarity calculation by SNP filtering based on sequencing depth, linkage disequilibrium, and missing rate. In this study, the analysis of 13 groups of main homonymous rice resources demonstrated that the genetic similarity among these homonymous rice resources was less than 95%. Moreover, the homonymous rice resources exhibited large phenotypic variations and were actually different rice resources. At the same time, pairwise genetic similarity of 1970 rice resources was calculated by using the core SNP markers, and 13 group rice resources combinations with high genetic similarity were selected. By comparing the phenotypic identification results and plant morphological characteristics, it was found that the rice resources with high genetic similarity had highly similar phenotypes and field performances, which confirmed the effectiveness of genetic similarity in rice resources identification to some extent. This study has essentially clarified the inventory of rice germplasm resources in Zhejiang Province, providing an important scientific basis for the conservation and utilization of rice germplasm resources in Zhejiang Province.

Abstract:The composition and quantity of Restorer-of-fertility genes contained in the restorer line directly determine the strength of the restoration ability, thereby affecting the fertility stability of hybrid soybeans bred through the "three line" method. The Rf1 gene is widely present in soybean cytoplasmic male sterile restorer lines, while Rf2, as a newly discovered strong Restorer-of-fertility gene, only exists in a very small number of restorer lines. To this end, this study developed functional molecular marker for the Rf2 gene and used conventional hybrid breeding combined with molecular marker-assisted breeding techniques to aggregate the Restorer-of-fertility genes Rf1 and Rf2, creating a new germplasm of soybean cytoplasmic male sterile restorer lines with strong restoration ability and excellent agronomic traits. The results indicate that the combination of Rf1 and Rf2 molecular markers can quickly and accurately screen target Restorer-of-fertility gene types, significantly improving the breeding efficiency of new germplasm of gene aggregation restorer lines. At the same time, the newly created restorer germplasm showed excellent performance in agronomic traits such as pod number per plant, grain number, and 100-seed weight. This study provides excellent new germplasm for the breeding of "three line" hybrid soybeans, and also provides technical support for the efficient breeding of more strong restorer lines in the future

Abstract:Sichuan was one of the provinces with rich genetic diversity of faba bean resources. In this paper, 82 Sichuan faba bean local germplasm resources were used as the research object. The diversity level of Sichuan faba bean local resources was identified and evaluated by genetic diversity index, variation coefficient, correlation analysis, cluster analysis and principal component analysis, and excellent germplasm resources were screened. The results showed that the genetic diversity of plant height, 100-seed weight, shape of the leaflets, color of the fresh stem, resistance of chocolate spot and resistance to ascochyta blight of faba bean germplasm resources was rich. The variation coefficient 11 agronomic traits except pod width and growth days ranged from 11.70 % to 38.39 %, and the variation coefficient of seed per pod, number of pod nodes, pods per plant and seeds per plant was larger. The correlation analysis results showed that plant height, 100-seed weight, number of effective branches, number of pod nodes, pods per plant and seeds per plant were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with seed weight per plant. Cluster analysis clustered 82 faba bean germplasm resources into four categories, and class I and IV yield-related traits performed better. Five principal component factors with a cumulative percentage of 79.858 % were extracted by principal component analysis. The effective branch number, number of pod nodes and pods per plant contributed greatly to PCA1, which were the key agronomic traits for excellent resource evaluation. Seven germplasm resources with a weighted score of principal component factor > 1 were selected as excellent germplasm. The results of this study reflected the comprehensive performance of faba bean local germplasm resources in Sichuan, and provided data support for the protection, excavation and utilization of excellent resources.

Abstract:An in-depth investigation into wild L. pumilum was conducted in Taigu, Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province. This study, for the first time, clearly delineated the distribution, germplasm diversity and the pattern governing flower color differentiation of L. pumilum in Taigu. Preliminary investigations were conducted into the genetic underpinnings and molecular mechanisms that drive flower color variation among wild L. pumilum populations in Taigu. These variations were evaluated from phenotypic, cytological, physiological and molecular perspectives. The results showed that L. pumilum in Taigu is distributed within a longitude range of 112° 39′ 50″ to 112° 95′ 64″, a latitude range of 37° 19′ 12″ to 37° 42′ 17″, and an altitude range of 963 m to 1430 m. Notably, L. pumilum was absent from Xiaobai, while 683 plants were found in Yangyi, 394 in Fancun and 246 in Houcheng, totaling 1323 plants. Phenotypic diversity of L. pumilum is evident in plant height, stem color, flower color, hairy flower buds and seed color. The diversity in plant height is significantly correlated with altitude, whereas the diversity in flower and stem color was significantly correlated with geographical distribution of the plants. Using a color card and colorimeter, the five flower colors of L. pumilum were identified as orange, orange red, red, dark red and purple red. Orange red was the most abundant color, accounting for 90.2% of the population. Xiaodian and Yangyi are the only locations where all five flower colors coexist. The color differences among these five flower colors are pronounced, with orange and orange red L. pumilum being the most vivid. Carotenoids in the plastids serve as the primary coloring substances found in L. pumilum. The varying carotenoid content in the upper and lower epidermis leads to changes in flower colors between orange, orange red and red varieties. In contrast, the dark red and purple red colors of L. pumilum are due to the carotenoids being largely obscured by anthocyanins present in the vacuoles. Expression analysis of genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway suggests that LpDFR and LpbHLH2 may be the key genes responsible for this color differentiation observed in L. pumilum flowers. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the formulation of protection and innovative utilization strategies for L. pumilum germplasm resources. Additionally, it offers potential germplasm resources for genetic improvement and the cultivation of new varieties of L. pumilum.

Abstract:Legumes , including soybean, peanut and pulses crops, play important roles in agriculture system because of their ability in Nitrogen fixation, and they also provide a large amount of plant protein for human, especially for pool people from dry or semi dry regions. . Therefore, legumes are vital in ensuring global food security and human health. Seed coat is a basic trait for legumes, with rich variation of different colors, which not only an index for variety identification in intellectual property protection, but provide more selection for market. It is said that functional factors, such as polyphenols, always contain in seed coat. Thus, investigating the genetics and mechanism of seed color can accelerate the breeding process to meet diverse demands for market. However, up to now, these kinds of study are fairly few, especially in pulses crops, due to the lack of attention in the past decades. In the present study, we overviewed the classification of seed coat color in different legumes, the environmental factors such as light, temperature and water that affect the seed coat colors, the inheritance of different colors in different species, and we also reviewed the related studies on gene mapping and gene cloning. Finally, we discussed the genetic and breeding trends of seed coat color in legumes in future and hope to provide valuable information for those who engage in genetics, breeding, molecular biology, and related areas on legume crops.

Abstract:Drought is the most important abiotic stress factor limiting the growth of common bean. In this study, 60 representative common bean germplasms were treated with drought stress using natural drought method. 12 leaf physiology characters, such as leaf electrical conductivity, water use efficiency (WUE) and 5 the Photosysm II chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, were analyzed between drought stress treatment group and control group. The drought tolerance of 60 common beans was evaluated by seedling wilting grade and drought tolerance subordinate function value (D value). The results showed that 6 varieties,including F00000017, F00000518, F00002179, F00003370. F00004321 and Nanyang Black variety, were classified as the strongest drought tolerance variety based on the leaf wilting index. Among the 6 varieties, 5 varieties except for Nanyang Black variety were also identified as the strongest drought tolerance variety based on the D value. 6 varieties, including F00001280、F00003346、F00005237、F00004357、F00004392 and F00005243, were classified as the strongest drought-susceptible variety based on the leaf wilting index. F00001280、F00003346、F00005237 were also identified as the strongest drought-susceptible variety based on D value. These results indicated that there were higher consistency in identifying the common bean drought tolerance between the seedling wilting grade method and drought tolerance subordinate function value (D value) method. The strongest drought tolerance varieties and the strongest drought-susceptible varieties identified in this study could be used in the study of common bean drought tolerance mechanism and breeding.

Abstract:Crop germplasm resources are crucial for agricultural production and breeding, serving as the fundamental material basis for improving crop yield and climate adaptability. As one of the world’s widely utilized legume crops for food, vegetables, and feed, faba bean (Vicia faba L.) exhibits increasingly significant industrial value and notable ecological advantages. However, climate change, environmental stress, and transformations in agricultural production systems present new challenges to the conservation and utilization of faba bean germplasm resources. This paper systematically reviews the research progress on faba bean germplasm resources intems of genetic diversity, phenotypic identification and evaluation, disease resistance and stress tolerance screening, nutritional trait optimization, and the application of molecular breeding technologies in faba beans. It focuses on the innovative applications of genomics, molecular markers, high-throughput screening, and breeding technologies. Additionally, the paper delves into protection strategies and innovative utilization methods for germplasm resources, emphasizing the necessity of efficient management. Looking ahead, through the deep integration of multi omics technology and breeding technology, faba bean germplasm resources are expected to play a more profound role in breeding improvement of high-yield and high-quality varieties as well as the sustainable development of agriculture.