Abstract:Variations in environmental conditions across different barley-producing regions and the selection targets for barley breeding have led to divergence of the brewing quality in different varieties. In this study， we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the brewing quality， including grain and malt quality traits， for 44 barley varieties that were bred from North America， Europe， and Australia， along with commonly grown barley varieties in China. This research has found that， the major varieties in various domestic regions have their malt quality comparable to foreign varieties differentially. For instance， the variety Longpimai 14 and Longpimai 18 from Northeast China are comparable to the imported European malting varieties. The Supi series from South region and the Ganpi series from Northwest China are comparable to the imported Australian malting varieties. The variety Zhongpimai 1 and Mengpi 3 from North China are comparable to the imported North American varieties. Compared with Chinese malting barley， the foreign varieties are mainly with lower content of β-glucan and higher of the extract. Moreover， the imported malting barley that grown in China showed their quality characters different from those grown in the original areas， as the malt diastatic power， kolbach index and β-glucan content can be affected significantly by the environment. However， most varieties from North American showed better adaptability to the growing conditions in China， without significant change on the malt quality characters in comparing with those grown at their original regions. The malt quality characters， including diastatic power and extract yield， are significantly correlated with the contents of protein， starch， and amylopectin in the grain. Given the measurement of grain quality characters are easier to handle， the grain protein， starch， and amylopectin contents can serve as initial targets for malting barley breeding. This study provided reference of malting barley varieties and guidance for the future selections of malting barley breeding in different domestic regions. It has significant meaning in improving the breeding efficiency and production of domestic malting barley.

Abstract:Within this study， the phenotypic variations of the quality-related traits were investigatedusing 62 sweetpotato germplasm resources， which were collected under the frame of the Third National CropGermplasm Resourses Investigation&Collection Action in Zhejiang province from 2017 to 2019. These traitsinclude the contents of dry matter， carotene and soluble sugars in raw and cooked roots， and taste， followed bystatistical analysis using the principal components and systematic cluster analysis. The results showed that 24accessions were found with high dry matter content， five with carotene content over 5 mg/100 g · FW， sevenwith soluble sugar content in raw root exceeding that of elite fruit sweetpotato variety Liushiri， and six withmaltose content in cooked root exceeding that of mini-sweetpotato variety Xinxiang. Soluble sugars includingfructose， glucose， sucrose and maltose were detected in both raw and cooked roots. Especially in raw root， thesucrose was found to be highest， with an average content of 27 mg/g·FW， accounting for 47.49% of the solublesugar. Relatively， the maltose was the most abundant in cooked roots， and highly associated to the soluble sugar （ r=0.925） . The contents of soluble sugar， reducing sugar and carotene in cooked roots were positivelycorrelated with taste（ P<0.01）， while soluble sugar content in raw root was positively correlated with taste（ P<0.05） . The principal components F1， F2， F3 and F4 were related to edible quality， processing performance ofstarch and fried chip and sucrose content respectively， which contributed to 94.15% of the variable information ofsweetpotato quality. System clustering showed that the quality types of the test germplasm could be divided intothree major categories（Ⅰ， Ⅱ ，Ⅲ）， represented by six sub-categories（Ⅰ -1，Ⅰ-2， Ⅱ -1， Ⅱ -2，Ⅲ -1 andⅢ -2） . Theseaccessions， considering the end-use， were categorized： starch type（ 23 accessions）， food and feed dual-use type（ 19）， high quality edible type（ 16）， fried chip type（ 4） . Collectively， the sweetpotato germplasm resources fromZhejiang province were found with an over-representation regarding the starch and food/feed dual-use types， andthese germplasms provided a basis in breeding for elite varieties， used for stable food， starch production， wholepowder， baked sweetpotato， fried chip， etc.

Abstract:The genus Fagopyrum Mill. is an important crop which can be used as food, forage and medicine. China is the largest producer of tartary buckwheat and the world’s diversity center of buckwheat., while the southwest China is internationally recognized as the original-land of buckwheat. The crop germplasm are fundamental materials for production, cultivar development and biotechnology research, which is of great importance and potential values. Since the 1980s, Chinese researchers has collected more than 3000 cultivated germplasm resources, of which more than 2200 are preserved in the long-term bank. The extremely abundant and rich diversified germplasm resources have spread all around the world after the natural evolution, artificial cultivation and introduction. This review summarized the common buckwheat and tartary buckwheat distribution,,collection and preservation, as well as the identification and evaluation of agronomic characters and nutritional quality of germplasm resource in recent 40 years. Meanwhile, this paper introduced the progress of collection and evaluation of buckwheat germplasm resources in other countries and organizations, which may provide the reference for the protection and rational utilization of these precious germplasm resources. What’s more,, we summarized the wild buckwheat species (including varietas and subspecies) and their distribution status, including their main characteristics and variation, and summed up the research about development and utilization of different species. Except for a few species, such as F. cymosum, most of wild buckwheat resources were widely distributed in the southwest of China, and mainly inhabited in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Sichuan border area. Finally, the study discussed the insufficiency and expectation in exploitation of buckwheat germplasm resources, and put following suggestions for the future researches:(1)Continuously improve the evaluation and quality identification of the buckwheat germplasm resources, and establish a comprehensive, systematic and quantitative evaluation system for the agronomic traits, nutrient components, processing quality, taste quality. (2)To promote buckwheat industry development healthily, orderly and quickly, developing the potential crop distribution and economic value of buckwheat and accelerating the breeding based on original and introduced germplasms . (3) More attention should be paid to the problems in the deterioration of living environment of wild buckwheat. Especially the living environment of some wild species(F. statice, F. gilesii, F. crispatofolium and F. hailuogouense) get worse, and the area scatters narrower. It is urgent to intensify the rescue investigation, collection and protection of wild resources.(4) Making further analysis on the functions of key genes and regulatory genes in the biosynthesis pathway of buckwheat flavonoids, especially rutin, and the mechanism of molecular regulatory network at the molecular level.