Abstract:The production of virus-free sweetpotato seedlings through direct field cultivation of tissue-cultured seedlings or minituber-derived seedlings has become a promising propagation technology for widespread application. In order to investigate the differential effects of these two propagation methods on field performance， yield and quality across sweetpotato varieties， we conducted a comparative study using 12 sweetpotato varieties with both methodologies. The results showed that： （1） Photosynthetic characteristics - Tissue-cultured seedlings of Mingmenjinshi， Shenglibaihao， Ningzishu 4 and Pushu 32 exhibited significantly higher photosynthetic activity and pigment content compared to minituber-derived seedlings， whereas Shangshu 19 showed the opposite trend. （2） Tuber yield - Tissue-cultured seedlings of Mingmenjinshi， Shenglibaihao and Ningzishu 4 produced 30.95%， 21.90% and 14.67% higher fresh tuber yield， respectively， but Shangshu 19 tissue-cultured seedlings yielded 10.42% less than their minituber-derived seedlings. （3） Tuber quality - Crude starch content of Ningzishu 4 tissue-cultured seedlings， soluble sugar content of Hongyao tissue-cultured seedlings， soluble sugar content and crude protein content of Mashali tissue-cultured seedlings， crude protein content of Pushu 32 tissue- cultured seedlings were all significantly lower than minituber-derived seedlings. Crude starch content of Jinhaimeixiu tissue-cultured seedlings was significantly higher than minituber-derived seedlins， but reducing sugar and soluble sugar of tissue-cultured seedlings were significantly lower than minituber-derived seedlings. Dry matter rate of Mingmenjinshi tissue-cultured seedlings were significantly higher than minituber-derived seedlings. （4） Correlation analysis revealed distinct relationships between photosynthesis parameters and tuber quality； only water use efficiency and dry matter content showed negative correlation in tissue-cultured seedlings， whereas net photosynthetic rate， water use efficiency， and carboxylation efficiency had significant effects on the fresh potato quality of minituber-derived seedlings. This study can provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the use of tissue-cultured and minituber-derived propagation methods for different sweetpotato varieties.

Abstract:QTL mapping of germinability under submergence condition and pyramided effect analysis of stable sites were carried out， thus laying a foundation for fine mapping of QTL for germinability under submergence condition and marker-assisted breeding. Using an F2：3 population with 144 individuals derived from a cross between WR-4 （a weedy rice with strong germinability under submergence condition） and Guangbaixiangzhan （a susceptible indica variety， GBXZ）， a high density genetic map containing 825 bin markers was produced based on 1K mGPS SNP chip. Ten QTL conferring tolerance to hypoxia were identified by complete interval mapping （ICIM）. These QTL were found on chromosomes 3， 4， 7， 8， 9， and 10， with LOD values ranging from 3.6 to 21.3， explaining phenotypic variation of 3.0%-21.1%. Two major QTL （qGS4-1 and qGS7-1） with high LOD value and high phenotypic variance were repeatedly detected， and both loci could be the candidate for future gene cloning studies. According to the genotyping of bin markers in each QTL interval， different progenies were classified into WR type and GBXZ type. By further data processing and analysis of QTL stacking， it was found that individuals with more pyramided synergistic alleles showed longer coleoptile under submergence condition. Thus， these lines hosting multiple synergistic alleles might provide innovative resources for breeding rice cultivars with high germinability under submergence condition.

Abstract:In order to make better use of Tibetan hulless barley, the content of 17 amino acids (except tryptophan) for 72 hulless barley accessions was determined, and the nutritional value and flavor of amino acids was evaluated by WHO/FAO/UNU model. The cluster analysis was performed using the amino acid composition, and the difference of nutrition between landraces and modern varieties was surveyed. The total content of amino acids in hulless barley was 87.454 mg/g DW, with a range from 47.8 to 178.7 mg/g DW. The indispensable amino acid accounted for 37.15%, which was higher than that of oat, hulled barley and wheat. The Tibetan hulless barley exhibited the highest content (23.27%) of glutamine with large variation (CV=33%), and the lowest methionine (1.75%). The composition of amino acids in Tibetan hulless barley was similar to that in hulled barley and wheat. The Tibetan hulless barley had higher content of lysine compared with other cereal crop grains. The close degree U of hulless barley was 0.903, and 69.44% of the tested accessions was more than 0.900. That indicated that the composition of indispensable amino acid of Tibetan hulless barley were close to the model protein and thus had higher nutritional value. The Tibetan hulless barley genotypes presented broad variation on the sum of dispensable amino acids (28.7-118 mg/g DW), with the average of 55.785 mg/g DW. The content of amino acid contributing freshness was 26.58 mg/g DW and that for sweetness was 21.85mg/g DW. For nutrient balance, hulless barley was higher among cereal crops, the value of Score of Ratio Coefficient was 73.14. The content of amino acids in landraces/historic varieties was higher than that of improved varieties. Notably, four accessions were identified with the qualified nutritional value and flavor amino acid content. Thus, by unlocking the content of amino acids in hulless barley accessions, this study provided valuable insights to select elite genotypes in breeding for high-quality food hulless barley varieties.

Abstract:Soybean is a typical short-day thermophilic crop and the sensitivity to photothermal environments determines thegeographic adaptablity of soybean varieties. To further understand the photothermal responses, 282 Chinese accessions in mini core collection (MCC) were planted under both Spring and Summer cropping seasons in Jining, Shandong province of China. Photothermal comprehensive response sensitivity (PCRS) of the MCC was calculated based on the days from emergence to the beginning bloom(R1). The results showed a broad range of variations in PCRS and growth periods among the MCC germplasm. PCRS increased along with the maturity groups of MCC. PCRS values of the major soybean ecotypes was ordered as follows: autumn-sowing soybeans >summer-sowing soybeans > spring-sowing soybeans. Based on the PCRS values, the Chinese soybean MCC accessions were classifiedinto three classes: sensitive, medium and insensitive in photothermal sensitivity. A larger proportion of the spring-sowing andsummer-sowing varieties showed medium-sensitive, while 63.6% of the autumn-sowing varieties were found to be photothermal-sensitive. The sensitive germplams belonged mainly to MGIII or above (later), and the medium-sensitive andinsensitive germplasms covered all maturity groups (MGs). MG value of a given variety is highly related to its PCRS, indicating thatMG is a simple and reliable index to express the comprehensive response of soybeans. The gained results will be helpful tounderstand the photothermal characteristics of soybean germplasm in China and provide a theoretical basis, in order to explore andutilize the photo-insensitive germplasm in future breeding for widely-adapted soybean varieties.

Abstract:The high germination rate at relatively low temperature (HGR-LT) is one of the main factors restricting the development of seedling of direct-seeding rice. It is very important to study the genetic and molecular mechanism of HGR-LT for the breeding of fine varieties in direct-seeding rice. In this research, 140 backcross inbred lines (BILs), derived from a japonica super rice shennong265（SN265）as the recurrent parent and the Dongxiang wild rice ( Oryza wild rice Griff. ) as the donor parent, were used to detect the QTLs for HGR-LT. Total of 10 lines, with HGR-LT and good agronomic traits were selected according to the comprehensive performance under low temperature, providing the basic materials for the improvement of HGR-LT in super rice, SN265. It was found that 4 markers linkage to cold tolerance genes on chromosome 2 (RM324 and RM166), 5 (RM534) and 9 (RM257) with BSA (Bulked Segregate Analysis)．Meanwhile, a total of 15 QTLs were detected on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 11 by linkage map, which explained 11.48% ~17.72% of the phenotypic variance. The 2 of these 15 QTLs, qGP-2-1 and qGP-2-4 on chromosome 2 were the same with the RM324 and RM166 obtained through the BSA selection, which could be used for molecular marker assisted selection of HGR-LT.

Abstract:Under the Third National-Wide Investigation of Crop Germplasm Resources Project, the agrobiological resources in Wushan, Fengjie and Shizhu counties in Chongqing municipality were surveyed systematically during October and November in 2015. Through visiting communities and interviewing with farmers, information on crop species and variety diversity were collected and local old, native and rare germplasm resources were sampled. A total of 341 samples of landraces and crop wild relatives were collected, including 136 samples of food and oil crops, 86 samples of vegetables, 57 samples of fruit trees, 5 samples of tea, 22 samples of tobacco, 30 samples of forages and 5 samples of fiber crops. The current article will mainly introduce the survey and samples of buckwheat germplasm resources under the food and oil crops catalogue. Among 19 samples of buckwheat, not only the rare and old landraces, but also wild resources were collected. Buckwheat as a traditional crop of Yi ethnic group is losing its old, native and rare germplasm resources due to the development of modern agriculture. It was suggested that the relevant sectors should take measures to protect the old, native and rare buckwheat germplasm resources through household and in situ conservation for sustainable utilization.

Abstract:IIn order to understand the state including categories of species, natural distribution, eating areas and cooking methods, of flower vegetable-edible plants, local markets and the restaurants, and some local cosumers were surveyed in 102 counties and cities from 16 prefectures, Yunnan Province. At the same time, the botanical identification of the vegetable-edible flower plants was carried out. A total of 140 species of vegetable-edible flower plants, belonging to 56 families and 106 genera, including 82 species of woody plants and 58 herbaceous plants, 76 species cultivated, 14 domesticated, 50 wild resources, were found in this investigation. There were 9 kinds of plants which were first reported as vegetable-edible flower plants in this article, such as Dregea sinensis Hemsl.、 Crataegus scabrifolia (Franch.) Rehd.、 Primula pseudodenticulata Pax、 Abelmoschus crinitus Wall.、 Rhododendron caloplytum var. openshawianum (Rehd. et Wils.) Chamb.、 Vallaris indecora (Baill.) Tsiang et P. T. Li、 Cajanus grandiflorus (Benth. ex Baker) Vaniot der Maesen、 Pueraria wallichii Cand.、 Clerodendrum fortunatum Linn. For the vegetable-edible flower plants, the natural distribution was not completely along with the edible area. Usually the plants were distributed in the edible area, but vegetable-edible flower plants were not necessarily edible in this area even though they were distributed here. The types of vegetable-edible flower plants decreased from south to north, which showed a certain relationship with the richness of the plants and the minorities in the areas. The types of vegetable-edible flower plants and the taste of its cooking were different while edible parts and cooking methods were also different, which reveal the anthophagy custom nationality. This paper put forward some suggestions on the development and utilization of wild vegetable-edible flower plants by analyzing the disappearing of traditional anthophagy culture.

Abstract:Yunnan is the concentrative areas inhabited by minority nationality people.yunnan Yunnan province is in the Yunnan - Guizhou plateau where the landform is complexity and the climate is diversity, Just just because of these, the diversity of vegetable is quite abundance in Yunnan province. however However , the greater vicissitude is happening that which minority nationality cultures ，life style and customs , and relevant vegetable resources germplasm are disappearing gradually along with economic development and infiltration of external cultures in recent years. life Life style and customs, and relevant vegetable resources are disappearing gradually along with economic development and infiltration of external cultures.In order to protect conserve and develop traditional culture of ethnic minorities and vegetable resources in the minority area , Forties thirty-one counties and ten minority nationalities were systematically investigated by .The authors only introduced conservation and utiliza?tion on vegetable resources germplasm of minority nationality in Yunnan province, in which the aim was focused on providing basic information and scientific evidences for conservation and development of traditional culture of mi?nority, and constituting the conservation policy of biological resources and scientific researches.

Abstract:To study the distribution of radiation sensitivity and expression patterns of TaKu70 and TaKu80 genes that are core factors in DNA repair process, 259 wheat mini core collection genotypes were irradiated by γ-rays with 0, 100, 150 and 250 Gy doses. Through germination test, the damage rate of seedling height showed 3 types of function relationships with the doses of γ-rays irradiation: logarithmic, linear and power function. Using HD50 as the measurement of radiation sensitivity, the 259 mini core collection genotypes could be divided into four categories: sensitive (contained 10 genotypes), medium sensitive (contained 96 genotypes), medium insensitive (contained 101 genotypes), and insensitive (contained 52 genotypes). There were more sensitive and medium sensitive genotypes in the logarithmic function relationship. And the expression levels of TaKu70 and TaKu80 genes were up-regulated by increasing of γ-rays doses compared with 0 Gy, but not affected significantly. There were more medium sensitive and medium insensitive genotypes in the linear function relationship. And the expression levels of TaKu70 and TaKu80 genes were gradually up-regulated by increasing of γ-rays doses compared with 0 Gy. There were more medium insensitive and insensitive genotypes in the power function relationship. And the expression levels of TaKu70 and TaKu80 were up-regulated compared with 0 Gy, but up-regulated firstly and then down-regulated with the increasing of γ-rays doses, and the general expression peaked at 150 Gy.

Abstract:Genetic diversity and genetic structure of wild banana resources from watershed in Fujian province were examined by ISSR. The results showed that: 117 bands were amplified with 12 ISSR primers, polymorphic bands of which were 105, and their polymorphism percentage was 89.7%. The Nei’s genetic distance was 0.244, the Shannon’s information index was 0.381, the genetic diversity in different natural populations has significant difference and the Sanming wild banana was higher. The coefficient of gene differentiation was 0.589, gene flow was 0.349, the genetic differentiation among the populations was higher than that within the population. The clustering result based on Nei’s genetic distance was the same as model-cluster-method, the banana resources were clustered into 3 groups, including Sanming wild banana group in Shaxi tributary, Nanping wild banana group in Minjiang upstream and nearby tributary, and Fuzhou wild banana group in Minjiang downstream group. The results indicated that the rich genetic diversity comes from the high frequency of heritable variation among national populations that resulted from heterogeneous habitats in Minjiang watershed. The genetic diversity and genetic divergence of Sanming wild banana group was the highest, and it may be the original center of Fujian wild banana resources, which was also the most important community to utilize and protect. In addition, water was a key factor of genetic transfer in Minjiang watershed.