2021, 22(2):390-398.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20200730003
Abstract:
As a sub-action of the Third National Survey and Collection of Crop Germplasm Resources, we have carried out the survey and collection of vegetable germplasm in 402 villages of 27 selected counties (or cities or districts) in Jiangxi Province. A total of 1817 vegetable accessions have been collected. The analysis of the geographic distribution and specificity of the collected local vegetable accessions suggested 10 elite accessions with elite traits on the disease resistance, stress resistance, commercial properties, and/or processing flexibility. Moreover, by testing for the disease resistance against F. oxysporum using artificial root-soaking inoculation approach, three bitter gourd accessions with high wilt-resistance have been identified. Collectively, gained from the collection and evaluation of vegetable accessions, this work will provide the vegetable germplasm resource valuable in breeding for new varieties and in theoretical studies.
As a sub-action of the Third National Survey and Collection of Crop Germplasm Resources, we have carried out the survey and collection of vegetable germplasm in 402 villages of 27 selected counties (or cities or districts) in Jiangxi Province. A total of 1817 vegetable accessions have been collected. The analysis of the geographic distribution and specificity of the collected local vegetable accessions suggested 10 elite accessions with elite traits on the disease resistance, stress resistance, commercial properties, and/or processing flexibility. Moreover, by testing for the disease resistance against F. oxysporum using artificial root-soaking inoculation approach, three bitter gourd accessions with high wilt-resistance have been identified. Collectively, gained from the collection and evaluation of vegetable accessions, this work will provide the vegetable germplasm resource valuable in breeding for new varieties and in theoretical studies.
2021, 22(3):654-664.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20200922001
Abstract:
In order to provide reference for germplasm enhancement and variety improvement, the phenotypic diversity of 434 sorghum germplasms with different origins were analyzed. The results showed that sorghum germplasms used in this study presented abundant phenotypic variations at multiple traits. The diversity indices (H') of panicle type, panicle shape and leaf disease were 1.0454, 0.9244 and 1.1718, respectively. The moderate H' at plant height, main panicle length, 1000-grain weight, ear stem length and kernel weight per panicle was found with 2.0463, 2.0259, 2.0093, 1.9807 and 1.9210, respectively. The positive correlation between plant height with main panicle length and growth period was observed, while a negative correlation was detected between plant height and kernel weight per panicle. Cluster analysis suggested three sub-groups from 434 sorghum germplasm accessions, including: Cluster I, which contain elite lines suitable for forage or energy; Cluster II, in which germplasm materials are considerably used for cultivating processing sorghum; Cluster III, in which valuable source for grain sorghum germplasm enhancement and cross breeding are present.
In order to provide reference for germplasm enhancement and variety improvement, the phenotypic diversity of 434 sorghum germplasms with different origins were analyzed. The results showed that sorghum germplasms used in this study presented abundant phenotypic variations at multiple traits. The diversity indices (H') of panicle type, panicle shape and leaf disease were 1.0454, 0.9244 and 1.1718, respectively. The moderate H' at plant height, main panicle length, 1000-grain weight, ear stem length and kernel weight per panicle was found with 2.0463, 2.0259, 2.0093, 1.9807 and 1.9210, respectively. The positive correlation between plant height with main panicle length and growth period was observed, while a negative correlation was detected between plant height and kernel weight per panicle. Cluster analysis suggested three sub-groups from 434 sorghum germplasm accessions, including: Cluster I, which contain elite lines suitable for forage or energy; Cluster II, in which germplasm materials are considerably used for cultivating processing sorghum; Cluster III, in which valuable source for grain sorghum germplasm enhancement and cross breeding are present.
GAO Yan
,
TANG Jian-wei
,
ZOU Shao-kui
,
HU Run-yu
,
ZHANG Gen-yuan
,
SUN Yu-xia
,
WANG Lei
,
YIN Gui-hong
2021, 22(1):38-49.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20200419002
Abstract:
Zhoumai 22 is not only the major cultivar in China, but also has become an important breeding parent in Huang-huai river valley winter wheat region. In order to reveal the genetic diversity and contributions of Zhoumai 22 to its derivatives and provide a reference for parent selection, we analyzed 106 derived varieties (lines) of Zhoumai 22 by genealogy and selected its earlier derived 80 varieties (lines) for SNP genotyping using the Affymetrix 55K SNP chip. The results showed that the 106 derivative lines of Zhoumai 22 involved 82 direct parents, and the main ones used as the opponent parents were Bainong AK58、Zhoumai 24, Zhoumai 18, Luomai 21, Zhoumai 16, Zhoumai 19, etc. These parents were directly or indirectly derived from Zhou 8425B and Zhoumai 9 and belonged to the "Zhoumai" consanguinity family. Of the A、B、D genomes, the B genome has the largest number of polymorphic loci, the D genome has the least number of polymorphic loci, but the ratio of polymorphism SNP to raw SNP number of A and D genomes is basically the same. Genetic similarity between Zhoumai 22 and 80 derived varieties (lines) ranged 0.392~0.856 with an average of 0.685, while genetic similarity among the derived lines varied from 0.381 to 0.991 with an average of 0.676. There were some genetic diversity differences among Zhoumai 22 and its derivatives. The 81 varieties were divided into 8 subpopulations, of which the I、II、III and IV subpopulations had richer genetic diversity and the V、VI、VII and VIII subpopulations was insufficient on genetic diversity. Through the polymerization of high quality protein subunits and differential selection, the new wheat varieties with high yield and multi-resistance and high quality characteristics were bred, such as Zhoumai 26, Cunmai 8, Zhoumai 36, Cunmai 11 and so on.
Zhoumai 22 is not only the major cultivar in China, but also has become an important breeding parent in Huang-huai river valley winter wheat region. In order to reveal the genetic diversity and contributions of Zhoumai 22 to its derivatives and provide a reference for parent selection, we analyzed 106 derived varieties (lines) of Zhoumai 22 by genealogy and selected its earlier derived 80 varieties (lines) for SNP genotyping using the Affymetrix 55K SNP chip. The results showed that the 106 derivative lines of Zhoumai 22 involved 82 direct parents, and the main ones used as the opponent parents were Bainong AK58、Zhoumai 24, Zhoumai 18, Luomai 21, Zhoumai 16, Zhoumai 19, etc. These parents were directly or indirectly derived from Zhou 8425B and Zhoumai 9 and belonged to the "Zhoumai" consanguinity family. Of the A、B、D genomes, the B genome has the largest number of polymorphic loci, the D genome has the least number of polymorphic loci, but the ratio of polymorphism SNP to raw SNP number of A and D genomes is basically the same. Genetic similarity between Zhoumai 22 and 80 derived varieties (lines) ranged 0.392~0.856 with an average of 0.685, while genetic similarity among the derived lines varied from 0.381 to 0.991 with an average of 0.676. There were some genetic diversity differences among Zhoumai 22 and its derivatives. The 81 varieties were divided into 8 subpopulations, of which the I、II、III and IV subpopulations had richer genetic diversity and the V、VI、VII and VIII subpopulations was insufficient on genetic diversity. Through the polymerization of high quality protein subunits and differential selection, the new wheat varieties with high yield and multi-resistance and high quality characteristics were bred, such as Zhoumai 26, Cunmai 8, Zhoumai 36, Cunmai 11 and so on.
2021, 22(1):130-138.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20200330001
Abstract:
With the change of the global climate， the drought tolerance at germination stage of soybean becomes of importance when suffering spring drought. In order to explore an optimal drought stress condition， four soybean accessions with levels of drought tolerance were tested with the concentrations of 0%， 10%， 15%， 16%， 18%， 20%， 30% of PEG-6000 solution simulated different drought conditions. The result showed that 15%~18% of PEG-6000 solution was qualified to simulate drought stress condition at germination stage of soybean. Moreover， 16% of PEG-6000 solution was applied to culture the seeds of 568 soybean germplasm accessions. The indexes were estimated using six indicators including relative germination energy， relative germination rate， relative radical length， relative bud length， germination drought tolerant index and vigor index. Based on subordination function method and the standard classification of drought tolerance in soybean， four drought tolerant varieties， 18 medium tolerant varieties， 110 intermediate type varieties， 194 relatively drought sensitive varieties and 242 drought sensitive varieties were identified.
With the change of the global climate， the drought tolerance at germination stage of soybean becomes of importance when suffering spring drought. In order to explore an optimal drought stress condition， four soybean accessions with levels of drought tolerance were tested with the concentrations of 0%， 10%， 15%， 16%， 18%， 20%， 30% of PEG-6000 solution simulated different drought conditions. The result showed that 15%~18% of PEG-6000 solution was qualified to simulate drought stress condition at germination stage of soybean. Moreover， 16% of PEG-6000 solution was applied to culture the seeds of 568 soybean germplasm accessions. The indexes were estimated using six indicators including relative germination energy， relative germination rate， relative radical length， relative bud length， germination drought tolerant index and vigor index. Based on subordination function method and the standard classification of drought tolerance in soybean， four drought tolerant varieties， 18 medium tolerant varieties， 110 intermediate type varieties， 194 relatively drought sensitive varieties and 242 drought sensitive varieties were identified.
SUN Meng-han
,
XING Bao
,
CUI Hong-liang
,
ZHOU Bang-wei
,
ZHANG Qin-ping
,
REN Gui-xing
,
QIN Pei-you
2021, 22(3):625-637.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20200911001
Abstract:
In order to study the genetic diversity and the genetic background of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) germplasms distributed in China, molecular markers research was carried out based on 163 quinoa accessions and 3 djulis (Chenopodium formosanum Koidz.) accessions by using 66 simple repeat sequence (SSR) markers, to analyze the polymorphism and inter-species relationship. According to the data, a total of 327 alleles were amplified from 66 SSR markers, with an average of 5.031 alleles per marker. The mean values of observed and expected heterozygosity were 0.387 and 0.588, respectively, while the mean values of the polymorphism information index was 0.524. The method of UPGMA clustered all the accessions into three groups. Group I included 3 djulis accessions only. Group II included 103 accessions, most of which were derived from USDA-NPGS and Chilean types. Group III included 60 accessions, most of which were derived from Bolivian and Peru types. The quinoa population was divided into two groups by population structure analysis and principal component analysis, and there was gene exchange between the two groups. The results indicate that there is a clear distinction between Bolivian, Peru accessions and American, Chilean accessions in genetic information, and the genetic relationship of the accessions from Qinghai and Yunnan are closer to Andean highland type, while the accessions from Hebei and Shanxi are closer to Chilean lowland type. Djulis is a native plant in Taiwan.
In order to study the genetic diversity and the genetic background of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) germplasms distributed in China, molecular markers research was carried out based on 163 quinoa accessions and 3 djulis (Chenopodium formosanum Koidz.) accessions by using 66 simple repeat sequence (SSR) markers, to analyze the polymorphism and inter-species relationship. According to the data, a total of 327 alleles were amplified from 66 SSR markers, with an average of 5.031 alleles per marker. The mean values of observed and expected heterozygosity were 0.387 and 0.588, respectively, while the mean values of the polymorphism information index was 0.524. The method of UPGMA clustered all the accessions into three groups. Group I included 3 djulis accessions only. Group II included 103 accessions, most of which were derived from USDA-NPGS and Chilean types. Group III included 60 accessions, most of which were derived from Bolivian and Peru types. The quinoa population was divided into two groups by population structure analysis and principal component analysis, and there was gene exchange between the two groups. The results indicate that there is a clear distinction between Bolivian, Peru accessions and American, Chilean accessions in genetic information, and the genetic relationship of the accessions from Qinghai and Yunnan are closer to Andean highland type, while the accessions from Hebei and Shanxi are closer to Chilean lowland type. Djulis is a native plant in Taiwan.
6 Analysis and Evaluation of Agronomic and Quality Traits of Soybean Germplasm Resources from Abroad
2021, 22(3):665-673.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr. 20200924002
Abstract:
In this study, 23 qualitative traits and 15 agronomic and quality quantitative traits of 239 soybean germplasm resources introduced from abroad were evaluated. Elite germplasms were screened to provide reference for soybean germplasm innovation and breeding in southern China. The results showed that those soybean germplasms represented abundant genetic diversity. The Simpson diversity index of 23 quality traits ranged from 0 to 0.672. The mature pod color diversity index was the highest, and the stem shape and pod shape diversity indexes were 0. The variation coefficients of the 15 agronomic and quality traits ranged from 4.85% to 83.73%, and the Simpson diversity index ranged from 0.6406 to 0.8526. The number of nodes on main stem diversity index was the highest, and the pod width diversity index was the lowest. The variation coefficient of bottom pod height was the highest, and the variation coefficients of crude fat content, pod length, growth duration and crude protein content were < 10%. The crude protein content was concentrated in the range of 40.01% to 45.00%, while the crude fat content was concentrated in the range of 18.01% to 20.00%. The crude protein content was only positively correlated with the bottom pod height, and the improvement of growth duration, stem diameter, seed number per plant, seed weight per plant, 100-seed weight, pod length and pod width was beneficial to the increase of crude fat content. The top 5 principal components, from top downwards, were the yield component factor, the seed and pod factor, the plant height factor, the quality factor, and the growth period factor; their cumulative contribution reached 84.419%. From those soybean germplasm resources, 14 with high crude protein content, 6 with high crude fat content, and 2 with very large seed were screened.
In this study, 23 qualitative traits and 15 agronomic and quality quantitative traits of 239 soybean germplasm resources introduced from abroad were evaluated. Elite germplasms were screened to provide reference for soybean germplasm innovation and breeding in southern China. The results showed that those soybean germplasms represented abundant genetic diversity. The Simpson diversity index of 23 quality traits ranged from 0 to 0.672. The mature pod color diversity index was the highest, and the stem shape and pod shape diversity indexes were 0. The variation coefficients of the 15 agronomic and quality traits ranged from 4.85% to 83.73%, and the Simpson diversity index ranged from 0.6406 to 0.8526. The number of nodes on main stem diversity index was the highest, and the pod width diversity index was the lowest. The variation coefficient of bottom pod height was the highest, and the variation coefficients of crude fat content, pod length, growth duration and crude protein content were < 10%. The crude protein content was concentrated in the range of 40.01% to 45.00%, while the crude fat content was concentrated in the range of 18.01% to 20.00%. The crude protein content was only positively correlated with the bottom pod height, and the improvement of growth duration, stem diameter, seed number per plant, seed weight per plant, 100-seed weight, pod length and pod width was beneficial to the increase of crude fat content. The top 5 principal components, from top downwards, were the yield component factor, the seed and pod factor, the plant height factor, the quality factor, and the growth period factor; their cumulative contribution reached 84.419%. From those soybean germplasm resources, 14 with high crude protein content, 6 with high crude fat content, and 2 with very large seed were screened.
ZHAI Hui-sheng
,
LI Qiao
,
ZHANG Yu-hong
,
ZENG Xing-quan
,
TANG Ya-wei
,
NYIMA Tashi
,
DENG Guang-bing
,
LONG Hai
,
PAN Zhi-fen
,
YU Mao-qun
2021, 22(1):121-129.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20190102002
Abstract:
In order to make better use of Tibetan hulless barley, the content of 17 amino acids (except tryptophan) for 72 hulless barley accessions was determined, and the nutritional value and flavor of amino acids was evaluated by WHO/FAO/UNU model. The cluster analysis was performed using the amino acid composition, and the difference of nutrition between landraces and modern varieties was surveyed. The total content of amino acids in hulless barley was 87.454 mg/g DW, with a range from 47.8 to 178.7 mg/g DW. The indispensable amino acid accounted for 37.15%, which was higher than that of oat, hulled barley and wheat. The Tibetan hulless barley exhibited the highest content (23.27%) of glutamine with large variation (CV=33%), and the lowest methionine (1.75%). The composition of amino acids in Tibetan hulless barley was similar to that in hulled barley and wheat. The Tibetan hulless barley had higher content of lysine compared with other cereal crop grains. The close degree U of hulless barley was 0.903, and 69.44% of the tested accessions was more than 0.900. That indicated that the composition of indispensable amino acid of Tibetan hulless barley were close to the model protein and thus had higher nutritional value. The Tibetan hulless barley genotypes presented broad variation on the sum of dispensable amino acids (28.7-118 mg/g DW), with the average of 55.785 mg/g DW. The content of amino acid contributing freshness was 26.58 mg/g DW and that for sweetness was 21.85mg/g DW. For nutrient balance, hulless barley was higher among cereal crops, the value of Score of Ratio Coefficient was 73.14. The content of amino acids in landraces/historic varieties was higher than that of improved varieties. Notably, four accessions were identified with the qualified nutritional value and flavor amino acid content. Thus, by unlocking the content of amino acids in hulless barley accessions, this study provided valuable insights to select elite genotypes in breeding for high-quality food hulless barley varieties.
In order to make better use of Tibetan hulless barley, the content of 17 amino acids (except tryptophan) for 72 hulless barley accessions was determined, and the nutritional value and flavor of amino acids was evaluated by WHO/FAO/UNU model. The cluster analysis was performed using the amino acid composition, and the difference of nutrition between landraces and modern varieties was surveyed. The total content of amino acids in hulless barley was 87.454 mg/g DW, with a range from 47.8 to 178.7 mg/g DW. The indispensable amino acid accounted for 37.15%, which was higher than that of oat, hulled barley and wheat. The Tibetan hulless barley exhibited the highest content (23.27%) of glutamine with large variation (CV=33%), and the lowest methionine (1.75%). The composition of amino acids in Tibetan hulless barley was similar to that in hulled barley and wheat. The Tibetan hulless barley had higher content of lysine compared with other cereal crop grains. The close degree U of hulless barley was 0.903, and 69.44% of the tested accessions was more than 0.900. That indicated that the composition of indispensable amino acid of Tibetan hulless barley were close to the model protein and thus had higher nutritional value. The Tibetan hulless barley genotypes presented broad variation on the sum of dispensable amino acids (28.7-118 mg/g DW), with the average of 55.785 mg/g DW. The content of amino acid contributing freshness was 26.58 mg/g DW and that for sweetness was 21.85mg/g DW. For nutrient balance, hulless barley was higher among cereal crops, the value of Score of Ratio Coefficient was 73.14. The content of amino acids in landraces/historic varieties was higher than that of improved varieties. Notably, four accessions were identified with the qualified nutritional value and flavor amino acid content. Thus, by unlocking the content of amino acids in hulless barley accessions, this study provided valuable insights to select elite genotypes in breeding for high-quality food hulless barley varieties.
2021, 22(2):309-316.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20200708002
Abstract:
In order to promote the opening and sharing of agricultural germplasm resources in Jiangsu Province, the construction of Jiangsu Agricultural Germplasm Resources Infrastructure had been initiated in 2005. Taking advantage of the efforts over past ten years, a system on the protection and utilization of agricultural germplasm resources combining "four in one" and "storages" has been preliminarily established. This system integrated the information derived from 30 province-level germplasm banks which conserved the crops, trees, aquatic products and domestic animals, thus strongly supporting the innovation of modern agricultural varieties and the development of industry in Jiangsu. However, due to the interdisciplinary and cross-industry construction of the infrastructure, the germplasm banks cover different regions of the province and involve different responsibility subjects of different nature, the operation and management of the infrastructure has been brought certain difficulties, such as a delay on operation service data, complicated statistical procedures and low management efficiency. To further improve the operation and management efficiency of the infrastructure and promote the utilization of germplasm resources, a Browser/Server mode operation management information system of agricultural germplasm resources infrastructure has been established, which are used for online workflow management, realize unified management of running service data and visual display of running service effectiveness. Collectively, the establishment of the system provided visual data supports for infrastructure management and decision-making.
In order to promote the opening and sharing of agricultural germplasm resources in Jiangsu Province, the construction of Jiangsu Agricultural Germplasm Resources Infrastructure had been initiated in 2005. Taking advantage of the efforts over past ten years, a system on the protection and utilization of agricultural germplasm resources combining "four in one" and "storages" has been preliminarily established. This system integrated the information derived from 30 province-level germplasm banks which conserved the crops, trees, aquatic products and domestic animals, thus strongly supporting the innovation of modern agricultural varieties and the development of industry in Jiangsu. However, due to the interdisciplinary and cross-industry construction of the infrastructure, the germplasm banks cover different regions of the province and involve different responsibility subjects of different nature, the operation and management of the infrastructure has been brought certain difficulties, such as a delay on operation service data, complicated statistical procedures and low management efficiency. To further improve the operation and management efficiency of the infrastructure and promote the utilization of germplasm resources, a Browser/Server mode operation management information system of agricultural germplasm resources infrastructure has been established, which are used for online workflow management, realize unified management of running service data and visual display of running service effectiveness. Collectively, the establishment of the system provided visual data supports for infrastructure management and decision-making.
2021, 22(2):293-303.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20200805001
Abstract:
Plants with colored foliage provide bright colors and have long viewing periods, which is helpful to improve the ornamental value of urban landscaping. Natural pigments (chlorophyll, carotenoid and anthocyanin) are involved in light-dependent reactions and in response to biotic and abiotic stress, and the changes of their contents and proportions make the leaves show green, yellow, white and purplish-red colors. In this paper, the genetic regulation and external environment factors affecting the biosynthetic pathways of chlorophyll, carotenoids and anthocyanins are reviewed to provide a theoretical basis for explaining the color mechanism of forest tree leaves. The existing studies have shown that environmental factors such as light (photoperiod, light intensity and quality), temperature, drought and salt, and hormone variation stimulate the transcription of transcription factors and the structural genes such as HY5, PIFs and DELLA. Meanwhile, methylated and acetylated chromatin and epigenetic modification after transcription of miRNAs and lncRNAs directly or indirectly regulate the expression of biosynthesis pathway genes of the three pigments. Although the biosynthesis pathways of the three pigments are relatively clear at present, the specific regulatory patterns of the metabolism of the three pigments in colored-leaved forest trees and the environmental signals and hormones still need to be further clarified. In the future, we can construct hybrid populations and Germplasm Resource Bank of colored-leaved plants and make use of genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabonomic, phenomic technologies to create new germplasm of colored leaves.
Plants with colored foliage provide bright colors and have long viewing periods, which is helpful to improve the ornamental value of urban landscaping. Natural pigments (chlorophyll, carotenoid and anthocyanin) are involved in light-dependent reactions and in response to biotic and abiotic stress, and the changes of their contents and proportions make the leaves show green, yellow, white and purplish-red colors. In this paper, the genetic regulation and external environment factors affecting the biosynthetic pathways of chlorophyll, carotenoids and anthocyanins are reviewed to provide a theoretical basis for explaining the color mechanism of forest tree leaves. The existing studies have shown that environmental factors such as light (photoperiod, light intensity and quality), temperature, drought and salt, and hormone variation stimulate the transcription of transcription factors and the structural genes such as HY5, PIFs and DELLA. Meanwhile, methylated and acetylated chromatin and epigenetic modification after transcription of miRNAs and lncRNAs directly or indirectly regulate the expression of biosynthesis pathway genes of the three pigments. Although the biosynthesis pathways of the three pigments are relatively clear at present, the specific regulatory patterns of the metabolism of the three pigments in colored-leaved forest trees and the environmental signals and hormones still need to be further clarified. In the future, we can construct hybrid populations and Germplasm Resource Bank of colored-leaved plants and make use of genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabonomic, phenomic technologies to create new germplasm of colored leaves.
10 Germplasm Resources and Genetic Diversity of Quality Characters of Tea Plants from Mangshan in Hunan
HUANG Fei-yi
,
CHEN Yu-hong
,
LIU Wei
,
DING Ding
,
LEI Yu
,
DUAN Ji-hua
,
Deng Jing
,
KANG Yan-kai
,
LUO Yi
,
ZHANG Xiu-jun
,
LIU Shuo-qian
,
LI Sai-jun
2021, 22(2):328-337.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20200807001
Abstract:
Thirty three tea plant resources from Mangshan in Hunan Province were investigated and collected, 24 of which were studied for biological characters and 27 of which were studied for quality analysis. The 24 resources were mainly small trees with upright habit. The young leaves were mostly glabrous or slightly pubescent, light green or yellow green in color, and the adult leaves were green or dark green, medium-sharply medium-dense- to sparse-serrated and flat at margin, with slightly raised upper surface, acuminate apex, and medium texture. The coefficient of variation of 12 characters ranged from 38.07% to 77.90%, with the average value of 58.70%, and the genetic diversity index was 0.51～1.05, with the average value of 0.81. The variation coefficient of 18 quality components of the 27 resources ranged from 4.86% to 71.32%, with an average of 28.29%; the diversity index ranged from 1.59 to 2.03, with an average of 1.86; the principal component analysis indicated that the cumulative contribution rate of the first 5 principal components was 84.36%. The resources were divided into 5 groups. Group I contained 15 resources, which were divided into two subgroups. Both Group II and Group III contained 5 resources, while Group IV and Group V contained 1 resource each. One low-caffeine and 3 high-caffeine tea plant resources were preliminarily screened out. This study provides a basis for the exploration and utilization of Mangshan tea plant resources and researches in the evolution of tea plants in Hunan Province.
Thirty three tea plant resources from Mangshan in Hunan Province were investigated and collected, 24 of which were studied for biological characters and 27 of which were studied for quality analysis. The 24 resources were mainly small trees with upright habit. The young leaves were mostly glabrous or slightly pubescent, light green or yellow green in color, and the adult leaves were green or dark green, medium-sharply medium-dense- to sparse-serrated and flat at margin, with slightly raised upper surface, acuminate apex, and medium texture. The coefficient of variation of 12 characters ranged from 38.07% to 77.90%, with the average value of 58.70%, and the genetic diversity index was 0.51～1.05, with the average value of 0.81. The variation coefficient of 18 quality components of the 27 resources ranged from 4.86% to 71.32%, with an average of 28.29%; the diversity index ranged from 1.59 to 2.03, with an average of 1.86; the principal component analysis indicated that the cumulative contribution rate of the first 5 principal components was 84.36%. The resources were divided into 5 groups. Group I contained 15 resources, which were divided into two subgroups. Both Group II and Group III contained 5 resources, while Group IV and Group V contained 1 resource each. One low-caffeine and 3 high-caffeine tea plant resources were preliminarily screened out. This study provides a basis for the exploration and utilization of Mangshan tea plant resources and researches in the evolution of tea plants in Hunan Province.
CHEN Zheng-jie
,
WAN Yong-lu
,
ZHONG Wen-juan
,
CHEN Si-wei
,
ZHOU Yong-hang
,
SHI Sheng-jia
,
JANG Li
,
JI Pei-cheng
,
YANG Ze-hu
,
MAO Zheng-xuan
,
Mou Fang-sheng
2021, 22(3):815-833.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20201028003
Abstract:
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is one of the important grain and oil crops in China, and vegetable soybean is a nutrition-rich vegetable crop. However, few InDel markers are known for convenient use in soybean. In this study, 18 soybeans were tested for resequencing analysis, with InDel loci mined on the basis of the resequencing datasets, and the effectivity and application value of the InDel markers validated. After strict screening, 17,977 highly polymorphic InDel loci with Insert/Delete of 13-50 bp suitable for agarose gel electrophoresis detection were obtained. There were from 505 to 1355 InDel markers on each chromosome, and the average distribution density was 12.60-35.76 InDel/Mb across the chromosomes. Among the 73 InDel markers randomly selected for effectivity validation in 18 soybeans, 43 (56.16%) of the InDel markers showed polymorphism. Of those 73 InDel markers, 25 polymorphic InDel markers were used for genetic diversity analysis in 192 soybeans (including 64 vegetable soybeans, 65 spring soybeans, 36 summer soybeans, 19 landraces and 8 wild soybeans). The polymorphic information content (PIC) for each InDel marker was between 0.17 and 0.46 with an average of 0.35, and the 192 soybeans were classified into 24 groups with the different types in different groups. Among them, the vegetable soybeans were mainly classified into the 3# group with the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.66 and a few vegetable soybeans were classified into the 1# group with the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.71, which suggested that the genetic background of vegetable soybeans in China are relatively narrow, and we should select soybean lines with small genetic similarity coefficient as parents for breeding in future to enrich the genetic background. The 25 polymorphic InDel markers were also used to verify the F1 from 13 hybrid combinations, which agreed with the phenotypic identification, indicating the usefulness of the InDel markers developed for F1 identification. Taken together, the polymorphic InDel markers developed in this study will be widely used in genetic diversity analysis, hybrid identification, genetic linkage map construction, gene mapping and molecular marker assisted selection breeding in soybean.
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is one of the important grain and oil crops in China, and vegetable soybean is a nutrition-rich vegetable crop. However, few InDel markers are known for convenient use in soybean. In this study, 18 soybeans were tested for resequencing analysis, with InDel loci mined on the basis of the resequencing datasets, and the effectivity and application value of the InDel markers validated. After strict screening, 17,977 highly polymorphic InDel loci with Insert/Delete of 13-50 bp suitable for agarose gel electrophoresis detection were obtained. There were from 505 to 1355 InDel markers on each chromosome, and the average distribution density was 12.60-35.76 InDel/Mb across the chromosomes. Among the 73 InDel markers randomly selected for effectivity validation in 18 soybeans, 43 (56.16%) of the InDel markers showed polymorphism. Of those 73 InDel markers, 25 polymorphic InDel markers were used for genetic diversity analysis in 192 soybeans (including 64 vegetable soybeans, 65 spring soybeans, 36 summer soybeans, 19 landraces and 8 wild soybeans). The polymorphic information content (PIC) for each InDel marker was between 0.17 and 0.46 with an average of 0.35, and the 192 soybeans were classified into 24 groups with the different types in different groups. Among them, the vegetable soybeans were mainly classified into the 3# group with the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.66 and a few vegetable soybeans were classified into the 1# group with the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.71, which suggested that the genetic background of vegetable soybeans in China are relatively narrow, and we should select soybean lines with small genetic similarity coefficient as parents for breeding in future to enrich the genetic background. The 25 polymorphic InDel markers were also used to verify the F1 from 13 hybrid combinations, which agreed with the phenotypic identification, indicating the usefulness of the InDel markers developed for F1 identification. Taken together, the polymorphic InDel markers developed in this study will be widely used in genetic diversity analysis, hybrid identification, genetic linkage map construction, gene mapping and molecular marker assisted selection breeding in soybean.
2021, 22(1):274-282.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20200616002
Abstract:
In order to provide reference for peach fruit evaluation and quality improvement， the aroma components were evaluated using the electronic nose system PEN 3.5 in the fruit of 74 peach varieties. The response values from different sensors were recorded， followed by the analysis of PCA， LDA and LO. LO analysis results showed that four sensors W1W（ hydrogen sulfide）， W1S（ methane compounds）， W5S（ nitrogen oxides） and W2W（ aromatic components and organic sulfides） played a major role in the evaluation of the aroma of the tested peach fruit. PCA results and discrimination values indicated that the aromas of six varieties BaihuaShuimi， Cuibao， Springcrest， Fengguan 1， Ju Huang and Hongroutao 1 were observed with obvious differences with those of other tested varieties. LDA results were differing in peaches with different fruit development periods， i.e.， the methane compounds， aromatic components and organic sulfides were significantly different（ P<0.05） . With the LDA results， the peaches with flesh texture wooliness（ soft） were identified with significant difference（ P<0.05） from the other four flesh types（ non-melting， hard melting， soft melting， and stony hard） . However， LDA was not applied to discriminate flesh colors. The results indicated that： 1） the period of fruit development represented a significant effect on the aroma of peach fruit， 2） peaches with wooliness flesh texture have unique aromas， and 3） the aromas from peaches with different flesh colors are detected without a significant difference.
In order to provide reference for peach fruit evaluation and quality improvement， the aroma components were evaluated using the electronic nose system PEN 3.5 in the fruit of 74 peach varieties. The response values from different sensors were recorded， followed by the analysis of PCA， LDA and LO. LO analysis results showed that four sensors W1W（ hydrogen sulfide）， W1S（ methane compounds）， W5S（ nitrogen oxides） and W2W（ aromatic components and organic sulfides） played a major role in the evaluation of the aroma of the tested peach fruit. PCA results and discrimination values indicated that the aromas of six varieties BaihuaShuimi， Cuibao， Springcrest， Fengguan 1， Ju Huang and Hongroutao 1 were observed with obvious differences with those of other tested varieties. LDA results were differing in peaches with different fruit development periods， i.e.， the methane compounds， aromatic components and organic sulfides were significantly different（ P<0.05） . With the LDA results， the peaches with flesh texture wooliness（ soft） were identified with significant difference（ P<0.05） from the other four flesh types（ non-melting， hard melting， soft melting， and stony hard） . However， LDA was not applied to discriminate flesh colors. The results indicated that： 1） the period of fruit development represented a significant effect on the aroma of peach fruit， 2） peaches with wooliness flesh texture have unique aromas， and 3） the aromas from peaches with different flesh colors are detected without a significant difference.
2021, 22(1):102-114.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20200505001
Abstract:
Awn is a needle-like structure located on the ear of plants. It is widely found in the grass family such as rice， wheat， sorghum and barley， and the structure of awn varies in different crops. In wheat， awn plays an important role in improving the photosynthetic efficiency and yield， and in preventing damages caused by pest birds， insects and adverse conditions. Genes related to the development of wheat awn have already been mapped and genetically analyzed， but only one of the four major awn-inhibiting genes， B1（ Tipped1）， has been cloned. In this study， conducted on a BC3F6 genetic population（ YN3/YZ1） and a natural population， we estimated the relationship between the awn and agronomic traits， and found that awn had significant effects on plant height and yield. Genome-wide association studies（ GWAS） based on wheat 660K SNP array identified genomic regions on chromosomes 5AL and 6BL significantly related to awn trait， which corresponded to awn-inhibiting genes B1 and B2 respectively. From transcriptome data of long-awned and tip-awned near-isogenic lines（ NILs）， 23 differentially expressed genes were identified from the 6BL candidate interval. These results will facilitate the B2 gene cloning in the future.
Awn is a needle-like structure located on the ear of plants. It is widely found in the grass family such as rice， wheat， sorghum and barley， and the structure of awn varies in different crops. In wheat， awn plays an important role in improving the photosynthetic efficiency and yield， and in preventing damages caused by pest birds， insects and adverse conditions. Genes related to the development of wheat awn have already been mapped and genetically analyzed， but only one of the four major awn-inhibiting genes， B1（ Tipped1）， has been cloned. In this study， conducted on a BC3F6 genetic population（ YN3/YZ1） and a natural population， we estimated the relationship between the awn and agronomic traits， and found that awn had significant effects on plant height and yield. Genome-wide association studies（ GWAS） based on wheat 660K SNP array identified genomic regions on chromosomes 5AL and 6BL significantly related to awn trait， which corresponded to awn-inhibiting genes B1 and B2 respectively. From transcriptome data of long-awned and tip-awned near-isogenic lines（ NILs）， 23 differentially expressed genes were identified from the 6BL candidate interval. These results will facilitate the B2 gene cloning in the future.
2021, 22(1):247-259.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20200608004
Abstract:
Within this study， the phenotypic variations of the quality-related traits were investigated using 62 sweetpotato germplasm resources， which were collected under the frame of the Third National Crop Germplasm Resourses Investigation&Collection Action in Zhejiang province from 2017 to 2019. These traits include the contents of dry matter， carotene and soluble sugars in raw and cooked roots， and taste， followed by statistical analysis using the principal components and systematic cluster analysis. The results showed that 24 accessions were found with high dry matter content， five with carotene content over 5 mg/100 g · FW， seven with soluble sugar content in raw root exceeding that of elite fruit sweetpotato variety Liushiri， and six with maltose content in cooked root exceeding that of mini-sweetpotato variety Xinxiang. Soluble sugars including fructose， glucose， sucrose and maltose were detected in both raw and cooked roots. Especially in raw root， the sucrose was found to be highest， with an average content of 27 mg/g·FW， accounting for 47.49% of the soluble sugar. Relatively， the maltose was the most abundant in cooked roots， and highly associated to the soluble sugar （ r=0.925） . The contents of soluble sugar， reducing sugar and carotene in cooked roots were positively correlated with taste（ P<0.01）， while soluble sugar content in raw root was positively correlated with taste （ P<0.05） . The principal components F1， F2， F3 and F4 were related to edible quality， processing performance of starch and fried chip and sucrose content respectively， which contributed to 94.15% of the variable information of sweetpotato quality. System clustering showed that the quality types of the test germplasm could be divided into three major categories（Ⅰ， Ⅱ ，Ⅲ）， represented by six sub-categories（Ⅰ -1，Ⅰ-2， Ⅱ -1， Ⅱ -2，Ⅲ -1 andⅢ -2） . These accessions， considering the end-use， were categorized： starch type（ 23 accessions）， food and feed dual-use type （ 19）， high quality edible type（ 16）， fried chip type（ 4） . Collectively， the sweetpotato germplasm resources from Zhejiang province were found with an over-representation regarding the starch and food/feed dual-use types， and these germplasms provided a basis in breeding for elite varieties， used for stable food， starch production， whole powder， baked sweetpotato， fried chip， etc.
Within this study， the phenotypic variations of the quality-related traits were investigated using 62 sweetpotato germplasm resources， which were collected under the frame of the Third National Crop Germplasm Resourses Investigation&Collection Action in Zhejiang province from 2017 to 2019. These traits include the contents of dry matter， carotene and soluble sugars in raw and cooked roots， and taste， followed by statistical analysis using the principal components and systematic cluster analysis. The results showed that 24 accessions were found with high dry matter content， five with carotene content over 5 mg/100 g · FW， seven with soluble sugar content in raw root exceeding that of elite fruit sweetpotato variety Liushiri， and six with maltose content in cooked root exceeding that of mini-sweetpotato variety Xinxiang. Soluble sugars including fructose， glucose， sucrose and maltose were detected in both raw and cooked roots. Especially in raw root， the sucrose was found to be highest， with an average content of 27 mg/g·FW， accounting for 47.49% of the soluble sugar. Relatively， the maltose was the most abundant in cooked roots， and highly associated to the soluble sugar （ r=0.925） . The contents of soluble sugar， reducing sugar and carotene in cooked roots were positively correlated with taste（ P<0.01）， while soluble sugar content in raw root was positively correlated with taste （ P<0.05） . The principal components F1， F2， F3 and F4 were related to edible quality， processing performance of starch and fried chip and sucrose content respectively， which contributed to 94.15% of the variable information of sweetpotato quality. System clustering showed that the quality types of the test germplasm could be divided into three major categories（Ⅰ， Ⅱ ，Ⅲ）， represented by six sub-categories（Ⅰ -1，Ⅰ-2， Ⅱ -1， Ⅱ -2，Ⅲ -1 andⅢ -2） . These accessions， considering the end-use， were categorized： starch type（ 23 accessions）， food and feed dual-use type （ 19）， high quality edible type（ 16）， fried chip type（ 4） . Collectively， the sweetpotato germplasm resources from Zhejiang province were found with an over-representation regarding the starch and food/feed dual-use types， and these germplasms provided a basis in breeding for elite varieties， used for stable food， starch production， whole powder， baked sweetpotato， fried chip， etc.
2021, 22(2):317-327.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20200812003
Abstract:
Under the frame of the Third National Action of Crop Germplasm Survey and Collection, a series of rice bean germplasm in Hunan province were collected and subjected for the phenotypic diversity analysis. The results showed that 76 rice bean landraces were mainly distributed in mountainous regions of western and southern areas of Hunan province with an altitude of about 0-600m. The diversity analysis based on 15 phenotypic traits revealed a higher genetic diversity in this collection. The correlation analysis and principal component analysis suggested four principal components including plant height, seed size, yield, flower color and seed coat color, with a cumulative contribution rate of 68.33%. Two main categories were suggested for 76 accessions, consisting of Group I representing prostrate or indeterminate pod, and Group II representing erect or determinate pods. Moreover, Group I was further divided into two subpopulations. The genotypes in Group I-1 generally showed small plant, low yield per plant, and bigger seed, which the accessions from group I-2 showing larger plant, higher yield per plant and smaller seed were predominant. The core collection containing 22 rice bean accessions has been identified by the cluster analysis and the range of quantitative characters, which represented three groups based on the characteristics: erect accessions suitable for machinery harvest, large grain accessions, as well as the accessions with dual end-uses for grain production and biomass.
Under the frame of the Third National Action of Crop Germplasm Survey and Collection, a series of rice bean germplasm in Hunan province were collected and subjected for the phenotypic diversity analysis. The results showed that 76 rice bean landraces were mainly distributed in mountainous regions of western and southern areas of Hunan province with an altitude of about 0-600m. The diversity analysis based on 15 phenotypic traits revealed a higher genetic diversity in this collection. The correlation analysis and principal component analysis suggested four principal components including plant height, seed size, yield, flower color and seed coat color, with a cumulative contribution rate of 68.33%. Two main categories were suggested for 76 accessions, consisting of Group I representing prostrate or indeterminate pod, and Group II representing erect or determinate pods. Moreover, Group I was further divided into two subpopulations. The genotypes in Group I-1 generally showed small plant, low yield per plant, and bigger seed, which the accessions from group I-2 showing larger plant, higher yield per plant and smaller seed were predominant. The core collection containing 22 rice bean accessions has been identified by the cluster analysis and the range of quantitative characters, which represented three groups based on the characteristics: erect accessions suitable for machinery harvest, large grain accessions, as well as the accessions with dual end-uses for grain production and biomass.
2021, 22(3):593-602.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20200922005
Abstract:
Brassica napus had been cultivated in China since 1930s, but the Chinese modern cultivars represented a narrow genetic basis. In order to enrich the genetic diversity in gene pool, distant hybridizations with relative species have been conducted. This paper summarizes recent advances on distant hybridization in Brassica napus with other Cruciferae plants. These novel germplasm resources showing early maturation, yellow seed or disease resistance, have been generated by inter-species hybridization in genus Brassica. The elite alleles on traits of drought resistance, cold resistance or milky white flower, which were identified from other genus, have been introgressed into Brassica napus. We further proposed the focus on distant hybridization in Brassica napus in future.
Brassica napus had been cultivated in China since 1930s, but the Chinese modern cultivars represented a narrow genetic basis. In order to enrich the genetic diversity in gene pool, distant hybridizations with relative species have been conducted. This paper summarizes recent advances on distant hybridization in Brassica napus with other Cruciferae plants. These novel germplasm resources showing early maturation, yellow seed or disease resistance, have been generated by inter-species hybridization in genus Brassica. The elite alleles on traits of drought resistance, cold resistance or milky white flower, which were identified from other genus, have been introgressed into Brassica napus. We further proposed the focus on distant hybridization in Brassica napus in future.
WU Yun-yu
,
XIAO Ning
,
YU Ling
,
CAI Yue
,
PAN Cun-hong
,
LI Yu-hong
,
ZHANG Xiao-xiang
,
HUANG Nian-sheng
,
ZHOU Chang-hai
,
JI Hong-juan
,
DAI Zheng-yuan
,
LI Ai-hong
2021, 22(4):890-899.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20201103002
Abstract:
Rice is one of the most important grain crops in China, and weeds in paddy fields are the main factors affecting the yield and quality of rice. With the increase of planting areas of direct-seeded rice and light and simplified cultivation, the application of various herbicides has become increasingly common, the application rates of the herbicides have gradually increased, and the problems of resistant weeds and high residues in paddy fields have become increasingly serious. Therefore, it is of great significance to accelerate the innovation and utilization of various herbicide-resistant rice germplasms. In this paper, the types and mechanisms of herbicides, the research progress on herbicide-resistant rice germplasm innovation and application in China are reviewed, with existing problems and possible development direction discussed.
Rice is one of the most important grain crops in China, and weeds in paddy fields are the main factors affecting the yield and quality of rice. With the increase of planting areas of direct-seeded rice and light and simplified cultivation, the application of various herbicides has become increasingly common, the application rates of the herbicides have gradually increased, and the problems of resistant weeds and high residues in paddy fields have become increasingly serious. Therefore, it is of great significance to accelerate the innovation and utilization of various herbicide-resistant rice germplasms. In this paper, the types and mechanisms of herbicides, the research progress on herbicide-resistant rice germplasm innovation and application in China are reviewed, with existing problems and possible development direction discussed.
JIANG Hui
,
PAN Gen
,
CHANG Li
,
HUANG Si-qi
,
TANG Hui-juan
,
LI De-fang
,
ZHAO Li-ning
,
LI Jian-jun
,
WU Ye-na
,
CHEN An-guo
2021, 22(4):910-920.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20201124001
Abstract:
Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is an economic crop with multiple utilization value. The rich nutrients and active substances of flaxseed as well as high-quality fiber make flax more and more popular. Therefore, producing high-quality flax varieties has become the current breeding goal. Traditional breeding methods have the limitation of the long cycles and limited choices. With the development of molecular biology and molecular markers, the traditional breeding methods combined with molecular breeding have met the breeding requirements. This article reviews the advances made in the application of molecular markers in flax, construction of genetic linkage maps, quantitative trait loci positioning, resistance and fertility marker positioning and genome-wide association analysis. The current problems of molecular marker assisted breeding in flax are discussed to provide some references for flax breeding in the future.
Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is an economic crop with multiple utilization value. The rich nutrients and active substances of flaxseed as well as high-quality fiber make flax more and more popular. Therefore, producing high-quality flax varieties has become the current breeding goal. Traditional breeding methods have the limitation of the long cycles and limited choices. With the development of molecular biology and molecular markers, the traditional breeding methods combined with molecular breeding have met the breeding requirements. This article reviews the advances made in the application of molecular markers in flax, construction of genetic linkage maps, quantitative trait loci positioning, resistance and fertility marker positioning and genome-wide association analysis. The current problems of molecular marker assisted breeding in flax are discussed to provide some references for flax breeding in the future.
ZHANG Su-jun
,
LI Xing-he
,
TANG Li-yuan
,
WANG Hai-tao
,
LIU Cun-jing
,
CAI Xiao
,
ZHANG Xiang-yun
,
ZHANG Jian-hong
2021, 22(1):214-228.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20200409003
Abstract:
In this study， five fiber quality indexes（ Fiber upper half mean length FUHML， Fiber strength FS， Micronaire value MV， Fiber elongation FE， Fiber uniformity FU） of 214 upland cotton materials were tested under seven environments， and Boxplot were drew by SPSS19.0， and the heritability， correlation and phenotypic effect values of the traits were calculated by using the phenotypic data analyzed by BLUP. 259 SSRs with high polymorphism and uniform distribution on 26 chromosomes were used to scan polymorphism in 214 cotton materials， the polymorphism information of primers were calculated by PowerMarker 3.25， and molecular marker data and phenotypic traits were analyzed by the method of GLM（ General Linear Model）（ Q） in TASSEL software， phenotypic effect values were used to identify excellent allelic variants and typical materials carrying elite alleles. The result showed that the same one fiber quality trait had a relatively stable change trend in two to three years in three regions. There were positive correlations among FUHML， FS and FU（ P<0.01）， and FUHML/FS and MV/FE were negatively correlated. A total of 309 alleles and 774 genotypes were detected. The average polymorphic information content（ PIC） per marker was 0.2688， and the average genetic diversity index was 0.2239. Two hundred and fourteen upland cotton materials were divided into two subgroups by analysis of population genetic structure. A total of 134 loci associated with fiber quality traits were detected（ P<0.01）， among them， thirty loci could be detected stably in three or more environments. Three loci（ NAU6177， DPL0886， NAU3607） were found to be significantly associated with FUHML/FS， MV and FE respectively in seven environments（ P<0.01）， the maximum explanation rate up to 11.14%， 5.74% and 13.99% respectively. Thirty-one loci related to more than two fiber traits simultaneously， including the loci near NAU6177 related to aforementioned five fiber quality indexes（ P<0.01） . Compared with reported results， seventeen QTLs in this study has been reported to be related to fiber quality，in which 10 QTLs associated with the same traits. Based on the results， seventy-two alleles related with fiber quality were identified by phenotypic effect analysis respectively. Specifically， the allelic variation loci with the maximum increasing effect of FUHML， FS， MV and FE were NAU5387b（ +0.95 mm）， NAU5387b（ +1.25 cN/tex）， NAU943a（ +0.40）， and COT002a（ +0.62） respectively， and the allelic variation loci with the maximum decreasing effect of FUHML， FS， MV and FE were NAU6177e（ -1.21 mm）， NAU6177d（ -1.43 cN/tex）， CIR286b（ -0.78）， and NAU5387b（ -0.40） separately. Furthermore， five typical materials carrying elite alleles were selected， which were Ji 228（ FUHML）， Xinluzao 25（ FUHML， FS）， Ji N71（ FS）， Xinluzhong 36（ MV） and Xuzhou 142（ FE） . In conclusion， stable molecular markers associated with fiber quality were revealed by association analysis， and elite alleles and typical materials carrying elite alleles were identified， which could provide a reference for molecular assisted selection of upland cotton about fiber quality.
In this study， five fiber quality indexes（ Fiber upper half mean length FUHML， Fiber strength FS， Micronaire value MV， Fiber elongation FE， Fiber uniformity FU） of 214 upland cotton materials were tested under seven environments， and Boxplot were drew by SPSS19.0， and the heritability， correlation and phenotypic effect values of the traits were calculated by using the phenotypic data analyzed by BLUP. 259 SSRs with high polymorphism and uniform distribution on 26 chromosomes were used to scan polymorphism in 214 cotton materials， the polymorphism information of primers were calculated by PowerMarker 3.25， and molecular marker data and phenotypic traits were analyzed by the method of GLM（ General Linear Model）（ Q） in TASSEL software， phenotypic effect values were used to identify excellent allelic variants and typical materials carrying elite alleles. The result showed that the same one fiber quality trait had a relatively stable change trend in two to three years in three regions. There were positive correlations among FUHML， FS and FU（ P<0.01）， and FUHML/FS and MV/FE were negatively correlated. A total of 309 alleles and 774 genotypes were detected. The average polymorphic information content（ PIC） per marker was 0.2688， and the average genetic diversity index was 0.2239. Two hundred and fourteen upland cotton materials were divided into two subgroups by analysis of population genetic structure. A total of 134 loci associated with fiber quality traits were detected（ P<0.01）， among them， thirty loci could be detected stably in three or more environments. Three loci（ NAU6177， DPL0886， NAU3607） were found to be significantly associated with FUHML/FS， MV and FE respectively in seven environments（ P<0.01）， the maximum explanation rate up to 11.14%， 5.74% and 13.99% respectively. Thirty-one loci related to more than two fiber traits simultaneously， including the loci near NAU6177 related to aforementioned five fiber quality indexes（ P<0.01） . Compared with reported results， seventeen QTLs in this study has been reported to be related to fiber quality，in which 10 QTLs associated with the same traits. Based on the results， seventy-two alleles related with fiber quality were identified by phenotypic effect analysis respectively. Specifically， the allelic variation loci with the maximum increasing effect of FUHML， FS， MV and FE were NAU5387b（ +0.95 mm）， NAU5387b（ +1.25 cN/tex）， NAU943a（ +0.40）， and COT002a（ +0.62） respectively， and the allelic variation loci with the maximum decreasing effect of FUHML， FS， MV and FE were NAU6177e（ -1.21 mm）， NAU6177d（ -1.43 cN/tex）， CIR286b（ -0.78）， and NAU5387b（ -0.40） separately. Furthermore， five typical materials carrying elite alleles were selected， which were Ji 228（ FUHML）， Xinluzao 25（ FUHML， FS）， Ji N71（ FS）， Xinluzhong 36（ MV） and Xuzhou 142（ FE） . In conclusion， stable molecular markers associated with fiber quality were revealed by association analysis， and elite alleles and typical materials carrying elite alleles were identified， which could provide a reference for molecular assisted selection of upland cotton about fiber quality.
2021, 22(1):50-56.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20200310001
Abstract:
Lodging is one of the main factors affecting the yield of common wheat（ Triticum aestivum L.） . Improvement of lodging resistance in varieties is a key goal in wheat breeding. In this study， 528 wheat varieties and lines from China were used to determine the phenotypic characteristics that affect lodging. Statistical analysis including genetic variation analysis， correlation analysis， principal component analysis， multiple linear regression analysis and cluster analysis were used to evaluate the lodging resistance. A wide range of genetic variation was observed at six characteristics reflecting lodging resistance. The basal internode length and plant height were negatively correlated with resistance to the thrust， while the basal internode diameter was positively correlated with the resistance to thrust， however， no significant correlation between the basal internode length and the internode diameter was observed. Principal component analysis showed that information about all characteristics could be represented by three principal components， with the cumulative contribution rate of 83.837%. Regression analysis revealed that the first internode diameter， first internode length， second internode diameter， second internode length， and plant height significantly affected the thrust of wheat. Cluster analysis based on the thrust suggested four groups from the tested genotypes， among which 66 wheat varieties（ lines） in the first group represented the strongest lodging resistance. Collectively， these results provided a theoretical basis for the use of lodging-resistant varieties in agriculture， and also the evaluation method of lodging resistance in parents and derived offsprings.
Lodging is one of the main factors affecting the yield of common wheat（ Triticum aestivum L.） . Improvement of lodging resistance in varieties is a key goal in wheat breeding. In this study， 528 wheat varieties and lines from China were used to determine the phenotypic characteristics that affect lodging. Statistical analysis including genetic variation analysis， correlation analysis， principal component analysis， multiple linear regression analysis and cluster analysis were used to evaluate the lodging resistance. A wide range of genetic variation was observed at six characteristics reflecting lodging resistance. The basal internode length and plant height were negatively correlated with resistance to the thrust， while the basal internode diameter was positively correlated with the resistance to thrust， however， no significant correlation between the basal internode length and the internode diameter was observed. Principal component analysis showed that information about all characteristics could be represented by three principal components， with the cumulative contribution rate of 83.837%. Regression analysis revealed that the first internode diameter， first internode length， second internode diameter， second internode length， and plant height significantly affected the thrust of wheat. Cluster analysis based on the thrust suggested four groups from the tested genotypes， among which 66 wheat varieties（ lines） in the first group represented the strongest lodging resistance. Collectively， these results provided a theoretical basis for the use of lodging-resistant varieties in agriculture， and also the evaluation method of lodging resistance in parents and derived offsprings.
SHI Xiao-lei
,
YAN Yong-liang
,
SHI Shu-bing
,
WANG Ji-qing
,
XIE Lei
,
ZHANG Jin-bo
,
GENG Hong-wei
2021, 22(1):57-73.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20200322001
Abstract:
In order to understand the genetic basis of salt tolerance in wheat， the SNP loci and candidate genes which were significantly associated with salt tolerance were explored. Three hundreds of wheat varieties （ lines） were subjected for tests of salt tolerance using 200 mmol/L NaCl and normal nutrient solution， respectively， and these varieties were genotyped with 90 K chips exploring 16650 polymorphic SNPs. The statistical analysis was performed by using the Q+K association mixing model for eight root traits including the longest root length， root dry weight， root fresh weight， average root diameter， root tip number， root surface area， root volume and total root length. The results showed that the root traits showed extensive phenotypic variation， with a coefficient of variation of 24.3% to 50.0%， and a polymorphic information content（ PIC） of 0.170-0.562， as well as a genome-wide LD attenuation distance of 6 Mb. Three subgroups were suggested by population structure analysis， including： Subgroup I， which included 143 genotypes（ 47.67%） mainly from Henan， Shaanxi， and Sichuan provinces； Subgroup II， which included 74 genotypes（ 24.67%） mainly from Beijing； Subgroup III， which is represented by 83 lines（ 27.67%） mainly from Henan. Seventy-seven SNP loci（ P ≤ 0.001） were detected by genome-wide association study to be significantly associated with salt tolerance traits， and they were distributed on 20 chromosomes except chromosome 6D in wheat. Each of SNPs contributed to 3.70% to 19.45% of phenotypic variation， in which 6 loci such as RAC875_c13169_459 on chromosomes 1A， 3A， 4A， 7A， 3D， and 5D are simultaneously associated with two or more traits， with a contribution rate of 3.78%-19.45%. Based on the physical positions of 77 SNP loci， 17 candidate genes associating with wheat salt tolerance have been proposed. For example， TraesCS5B01G031800（ Cation/H （ +） antiporter） might play an important role in the transport of cations such as Na+； TraesCS5A01G329000 （ Defensin） might play a role in blocking the entry of cations such as Na+. TraesCS2A01G079000（ Repetitive proline-rich cell wall protein） might function in the formation of cell walls. Collectively， these candidate genes which have been identified from this study are proposed as important genes for salt tolerance in wheat.
In order to understand the genetic basis of salt tolerance in wheat， the SNP loci and candidate genes which were significantly associated with salt tolerance were explored. Three hundreds of wheat varieties （ lines） were subjected for tests of salt tolerance using 200 mmol/L NaCl and normal nutrient solution， respectively， and these varieties were genotyped with 90 K chips exploring 16650 polymorphic SNPs. The statistical analysis was performed by using the Q+K association mixing model for eight root traits including the longest root length， root dry weight， root fresh weight， average root diameter， root tip number， root surface area， root volume and total root length. The results showed that the root traits showed extensive phenotypic variation， with a coefficient of variation of 24.3% to 50.0%， and a polymorphic information content（ PIC） of 0.170-0.562， as well as a genome-wide LD attenuation distance of 6 Mb. Three subgroups were suggested by population structure analysis， including： Subgroup I， which included 143 genotypes（ 47.67%） mainly from Henan， Shaanxi， and Sichuan provinces； Subgroup II， which included 74 genotypes（ 24.67%） mainly from Beijing； Subgroup III， which is represented by 83 lines（ 27.67%） mainly from Henan. Seventy-seven SNP loci（ P ≤ 0.001） were detected by genome-wide association study to be significantly associated with salt tolerance traits， and they were distributed on 20 chromosomes except chromosome 6D in wheat. Each of SNPs contributed to 3.70% to 19.45% of phenotypic variation， in which 6 loci such as RAC875_c13169_459 on chromosomes 1A， 3A， 4A， 7A， 3D， and 5D are simultaneously associated with two or more traits， with a contribution rate of 3.78%-19.45%. Based on the physical positions of 77 SNP loci， 17 candidate genes associating with wheat salt tolerance have been proposed. For example， TraesCS5B01G031800（ Cation/H （ +） antiporter） might play an important role in the transport of cations such as Na+； TraesCS5A01G329000 （ Defensin） might play a role in blocking the entry of cations such as Na+. TraesCS2A01G079000（ Repetitive proline-rich cell wall protein） might function in the formation of cell walls. Collectively， these candidate genes which have been identified from this study are proposed as important genes for salt tolerance in wheat.
2021, 22(3):692-699.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20200927002
Abstract:
Under the frame of the Third National Survey and Collection of Crop Germplasm Resources, we carried out systematic investigation of vegetable germplasm from 27 selected counties, cities or districts in Jiangxi Province of China. A total of 62 amaranth germplasm accessions were collected, followed by the genetic diversity at five quality-related traits and seven quantitative traits. There were significant genetic diversity at the phenotypic traits present in local amaranth germplasm resource. The leaf type and fresh weight at the quality-related and quantitative traits represented highest values (1.627 and 2.082) on the genetic diversity, respectively. The germplasm accessions were classified into four sub-groups, including sub-group II among which the germplasm resource showed divided leaf, leaf hypertrophy and higher yield per plant. The yield per plant was detected showing significant positive correlation with three traits plant height, leaf mass as well as root and stem weight. Finally, six amaranth varieties with excellent performance (i.e. high yield and short growth period) were identified thus providing valuable resources with commercial interests in breeding for new amaranth varieties.
Under the frame of the Third National Survey and Collection of Crop Germplasm Resources, we carried out systematic investigation of vegetable germplasm from 27 selected counties, cities or districts in Jiangxi Province of China. A total of 62 amaranth germplasm accessions were collected, followed by the genetic diversity at five quality-related traits and seven quantitative traits. There were significant genetic diversity at the phenotypic traits present in local amaranth germplasm resource. The leaf type and fresh weight at the quality-related and quantitative traits represented highest values (1.627 and 2.082) on the genetic diversity, respectively. The germplasm accessions were classified into four sub-groups, including sub-group II among which the germplasm resource showed divided leaf, leaf hypertrophy and higher yield per plant. The yield per plant was detected showing significant positive correlation with three traits plant height, leaf mass as well as root and stem weight. Finally, six amaranth varieties with excellent performance (i.e. high yield and short growth period) were identified thus providing valuable resources with commercial interests in breeding for new amaranth varieties.
2021, 22(3):782-788.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20201108001
Abstract:
Grain weight (GW) is one of key factors contributing the wheat yield. In wheat, breeding for higher GW becomes an important target. In this study, a population of 198 RILs crossed by C615 and Yangmai13 (YM13) was constructed, followed by genotyping with 90K SNP array and quantifying thousand grain weight at four environmental conditions. By using the genome-wide association scanning (GWAS), QTGW.yaas-1BL derived from C615 was detected in one environment at 12.90 cM on 1BL, which accounted for 3.07% of the phenotypic variances and 0.78 of the additive effect. The second locus QTGW.yaas-6AL derived from Yangmai13 was verified at four environments between 112.70 cM~116.00 cM on 6AL, accounting for 7.63%~10.55% of the phenotypic variances and 1.46~1.51 of the additive effect. Genotyping with functional KASP (Kompetitive allele-specific PCR) markers associating with the grain weight revealed six higher grain weight alleles commonly detected in C615 and YM13, and three alleles that are polymorphic between parents. Collectively, the new grain weight QTL identified will lay the foundation for the genetic studies of grain weight in YM13 and in breeding for high-yielding wheat cultivars.
Grain weight (GW) is one of key factors contributing the wheat yield. In wheat, breeding for higher GW becomes an important target. In this study, a population of 198 RILs crossed by C615 and Yangmai13 (YM13) was constructed, followed by genotyping with 90K SNP array and quantifying thousand grain weight at four environmental conditions. By using the genome-wide association scanning (GWAS), QTGW.yaas-1BL derived from C615 was detected in one environment at 12.90 cM on 1BL, which accounted for 3.07% of the phenotypic variances and 0.78 of the additive effect. The second locus QTGW.yaas-6AL derived from Yangmai13 was verified at four environments between 112.70 cM~116.00 cM on 6AL, accounting for 7.63%~10.55% of the phenotypic variances and 1.46~1.51 of the additive effect. Genotyping with functional KASP (Kompetitive allele-specific PCR) markers associating with the grain weight revealed six higher grain weight alleles commonly detected in C615 and YM13, and three alleles that are polymorphic between parents. Collectively, the new grain weight QTL identified will lay the foundation for the genetic studies of grain weight in YM13 and in breeding for high-yielding wheat cultivars.
LIU Ting-ting
,
LI Xiao-man
,
ZHANG Xiao-hui
,
WANG Hai-ping
,
YANG Wen-long
,
SONG Jiang-ping
,
JIA Hui-xia
,
LIU Tong-jin
,
LI Xi-xiang
2021, 22(4):1145-1156.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20201204002
Abstract:
SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein-like(SPL)gene family, as a class of transcription factors present widely in plants, has been shown to play important biological roles in plant growth, development, signal transduction, physiological and biochemical processes. In this study, 26 SPL genes from the radish genome have been identified using bioinformatic approach, and they are designated RsSPL1-RsSPL26 according to their locations on eight chromosomes. The amino acids encoded by SPL genes are variable from 139 to 1021 aa, with the protein molecular weight ranged from 16,167.7 to 112,219.48 Da and an isoelectric point of 5.77 to 9.67. Radish SPL genes contain 2 to 11 exons. MicroRNA target prediction suggested that 12 RsSPL genes contained complementary sequence of miR156 and 11 RsSPL genes contained complementary sequence of miR157. The expression patterns of RsSPL genes in different tissues and development stages showed spatial and temporal differences, and the same subfamily members showed similar expression patterns. Thus, these results provided insights for the functional characterization of the SPL genes family in radish.
SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein-like(SPL)gene family, as a class of transcription factors present widely in plants, has been shown to play important biological roles in plant growth, development, signal transduction, physiological and biochemical processes. In this study, 26 SPL genes from the radish genome have been identified using bioinformatic approach, and they are designated RsSPL1-RsSPL26 according to their locations on eight chromosomes. The amino acids encoded by SPL genes are variable from 139 to 1021 aa, with the protein molecular weight ranged from 16,167.7 to 112,219.48 Da and an isoelectric point of 5.77 to 9.67. Radish SPL genes contain 2 to 11 exons. MicroRNA target prediction suggested that 12 RsSPL genes contained complementary sequence of miR156 and 11 RsSPL genes contained complementary sequence of miR157. The expression patterns of RsSPL genes in different tissues and development stages showed spatial and temporal differences, and the same subfamily members showed similar expression patterns. Thus, these results provided insights for the functional characterization of the SPL genes family in radish.
2021, 22(4):881-889.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20201121002
Abstract:
Rice is one of the most important food crops in the world. Since this crop is moderately sensitive to salt stress, land salinization is therefore a factor that restricts the increase of global rice production. At present, most studies focus on the salt tolerance of rice at the seedling stage, whereas identification of salt-tolerant phenotypes during the reproductive growth period of rice is rarely conducted. Breeding for new varieties showing salt-tolerant in lifecycle and its application is one of the optimal ways to improve saline soil. In recent years, a large number of salt-tolerant QTLs in rice have been molecularly identified, and significant progress has been made in breeding of new varieties showing salt tolerant. This article reviews the latest research progress in genomics, epigenetics, proteomics and metabolomics on salt tolerance, and provides a reference for exploring the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance and breeding for salt-tolerant varieties in rice.
Rice is one of the most important food crops in the world. Since this crop is moderately sensitive to salt stress, land salinization is therefore a factor that restricts the increase of global rice production. At present, most studies focus on the salt tolerance of rice at the seedling stage, whereas identification of salt-tolerant phenotypes during the reproductive growth period of rice is rarely conducted. Breeding for new varieties showing salt-tolerant in lifecycle and its application is one of the optimal ways to improve saline soil. In recent years, a large number of salt-tolerant QTLs in rice have been molecularly identified, and significant progress has been made in breeding of new varieties showing salt tolerant. This article reviews the latest research progress in genomics, epigenetics, proteomics and metabolomics on salt tolerance, and provides a reference for exploring the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance and breeding for salt-tolerant varieties in rice.
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