2022, 23(5):1233-1240.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220605001
Abstract:
Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) and garlic (Allium sativum L.) are important condiments and vegetables, and both can be used as medicine and food. They are of great value in mediating people's dietary structure, nutritional balance and health care. Ginger and garlic in China are also important vegetables for export. Ginger and garlic germplasm resources are important for the scientific studies and technological innovations that substantially support these breeding and sustainable development of industries. This article reviews the research status of ginger and garlic germplasm resources from the aspects of collection and preservation, identification and evaluation, excellent genes mining, innovation and utilization. Many countries in the world, especially for the developed countries, were found to pay great attention to the collection, preservation and evaluation of ginger and garlic resources. Although China is rich in ginger and garlic germplasm resources, the academic research starts late and remains preliminary if compared to that of developed countries. In addition, this review analyzes the problems in the research of ginger and garlic germplasm resources and provides the corresponding strategies and suggestions addressing to these problems.
Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) and garlic (Allium sativum L.) are important condiments and vegetables, and both can be used as medicine and food. They are of great value in mediating people's dietary structure, nutritional balance and health care. Ginger and garlic in China are also important vegetables for export. Ginger and garlic germplasm resources are important for the scientific studies and technological innovations that substantially support these breeding and sustainable development of industries. This article reviews the research status of ginger and garlic germplasm resources from the aspects of collection and preservation, identification and evaluation, excellent genes mining, innovation and utilization. Many countries in the world, especially for the developed countries, were found to pay great attention to the collection, preservation and evaluation of ginger and garlic resources. Although China is rich in ginger and garlic germplasm resources, the academic research starts late and remains preliminary if compared to that of developed countries. In addition, this review analyzes the problems in the research of ginger and garlic germplasm resources and provides the corresponding strategies and suggestions addressing to these problems.
2022, 23(5):1241-1248.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220317001
Abstract:
Carrot (Daucus carota L.), which is one of the top-ten ranking vegetable crops in the world, is an important source of vitamin A in human diets. China is a major producer of carrot and has rich carrot landraces with colors (i.e. orange, red, yellow and purple). The carrot germplasm resources with diverse root colors enabled deciphering the regulation mechanisms of the synthesis and metabolism of carotenoids and anthocyanins, and the origin and domestication of carrot. This article outlined the domestication history and major pigment components of carrot with different root colors, reviewed the research progress of genetic loci and functional genes modulating the accumulation of carotenoids and anthocyanins in carrot roots, introduced the uses and breeding methods of varieties with different root colors, as well as provided prospects in future research of carrot root color traits, thus serving as a basis for understanding the regulation mechanisms of carrot root color and breeding with colorful varieties.
Carrot (Daucus carota L.), which is one of the top-ten ranking vegetable crops in the world, is an important source of vitamin A in human diets. China is a major producer of carrot and has rich carrot landraces with colors (i.e. orange, red, yellow and purple). The carrot germplasm resources with diverse root colors enabled deciphering the regulation mechanisms of the synthesis and metabolism of carotenoids and anthocyanins, and the origin and domestication of carrot. This article outlined the domestication history and major pigment components of carrot with different root colors, reviewed the research progress of genetic loci and functional genes modulating the accumulation of carotenoids and anthocyanins in carrot roots, introduced the uses and breeding methods of varieties with different root colors, as well as provided prospects in future research of carrot root color traits, thus serving as a basis for understanding the regulation mechanisms of carrot root color and breeding with colorful varieties.
2022, 23(5):1249-1257.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220314001
Abstract:
Seed germination and dormancy are two complicated and closely related physiological processes involving a series of interactions between external environment conditions and internal factors, which are of great significance to high and stable yield and ecological evolution. These traits are typically controlled by multiple loci and largely influenced by environmental factors. In recent years, several QTL involving in seed germination and dormancy have been identified and their functional mechanisms have been investigated. In this paper, the effects of genetic regulation and external factors on seed germination and dormancy were reviewed, the existing problems were summarized, and the future development areas were prospected.
Seed germination and dormancy are two complicated and closely related physiological processes involving a series of interactions between external environment conditions and internal factors, which are of great significance to high and stable yield and ecological evolution. These traits are typically controlled by multiple loci and largely influenced by environmental factors. In recent years, several QTL involving in seed germination and dormancy have been identified and their functional mechanisms have been investigated. In this paper, the effects of genetic regulation and external factors on seed germination and dormancy were reviewed, the existing problems were summarized, and the future development areas were prospected.
ZHAO Dan-qi
,
SONG Jiang-ping
,
JIA Hui-xia
,
ZHANG Xiao-hui
,
YANG Wen-long
,
WU Ya-hong
,
SONG Zhe
,
WANG Hai-ping
2022, 23(5):1258-1268.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220527002
Abstract:
Allium crop germplasm is ephemeral vegetable due to its short-lived seeds. Application of the conventional low-temperature preservation is difficult to achieve long-term preservation. It is therefore of great significance to set up the cryopreservation procedure specific to the allium germplasm. In the present study, through the orthogonal experiment of three factors with four levels, we examined the cryopreservation methods using 30 accessions of four allium vegetables (Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Sprengle, Allium fistulosum L. var. giganteum Makino, Allium porrum L. and Allium cepa L.). These results was evaluated by the germination rate of the seeds after cryopreservation if compared to the germination rate of the seeds without treatments. The results showed significant differences among the ANOVA experiments (P<0.05), while the optimal procedure was the A1B4C1 (without cryoprotectant PVS2 treatment, storage in liquid nitrogen, and rewarming for 4 h at 40°C before testing the germination rate). We also determined the physiological indexes of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content of cryopreservation seeds after seed rewarming. The MDA content of the seeds decreased after ultra-low temperature preservation of liquid nitrogen, while the SOD activity was higher than that of the control after the liquid nitrogen treatment. A decrease on the POD activity of A. tuberosum Rottler ex Sprengle, after liquid nitrogen treatment and an increase on the POD activity of A. porrum L., A. fistulosum L. var. giganteum Makino and A. cepa L. were detected. Collectively, these results provided optimal cryopreservation procedure for Allium vegetable germplasm resources.
Allium crop germplasm is ephemeral vegetable due to its short-lived seeds. Application of the conventional low-temperature preservation is difficult to achieve long-term preservation. It is therefore of great significance to set up the cryopreservation procedure specific to the allium germplasm. In the present study, through the orthogonal experiment of three factors with four levels, we examined the cryopreservation methods using 30 accessions of four allium vegetables (Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Sprengle, Allium fistulosum L. var. giganteum Makino, Allium porrum L. and Allium cepa L.). These results was evaluated by the germination rate of the seeds after cryopreservation if compared to the germination rate of the seeds without treatments. The results showed significant differences among the ANOVA experiments (P<0.05), while the optimal procedure was the A1B4C1 (without cryoprotectant PVS2 treatment, storage in liquid nitrogen, and rewarming for 4 h at 40°C before testing the germination rate). We also determined the physiological indexes of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content of cryopreservation seeds after seed rewarming. The MDA content of the seeds decreased after ultra-low temperature preservation of liquid nitrogen, while the SOD activity was higher than that of the control after the liquid nitrogen treatment. A decrease on the POD activity of A. tuberosum Rottler ex Sprengle, after liquid nitrogen treatment and an increase on the POD activity of A. porrum L., A. fistulosum L. var. giganteum Makino and A. cepa L. were detected. Collectively, these results provided optimal cryopreservation procedure for Allium vegetable germplasm resources.
ZOU Min
,
TAO Tao
,
YANG Yang
,
ZHOU Shan-shan
,
YANG Guang-xia
,
TANG Xiao-hua
,
TIAN Shi-bing
,
WANG Yong-qing
2022, 23(5):1269-1280.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220407002
Abstract:
To provide theoretical and practical guidance for rootstock breeding, 19 botanical traits of 70 eggplant germplasm resources for rootstock were investigated in this study, followed by the genetic diversity, principal component and cluster analysis. Moreover, tests for resistance to three soil-borne diseases (bacterial wilt, root-knot nematode and Verticillium wilt) were conducted. The coefficient of variation was variable from 15.9%-73.05% with an average of 46.11%. The genetic diversity index ranged from 0.325-2.008 with an average of 1.145. The coefficient of variation of weight per fruit was the highest (73.05%), and the genetic diversity of main stem diameter was the richest with an index of 2.0083. The component analysis revealed seven principal components (eigenvalues >1) with a cumulative rate of 76.55%. The 4th and 5th principal components were related to the convenience of grafting and the growth of grafted plant. The cluster analysis suggested three groups in this collection, including Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅲ were cultivated species, which showed no obvious differences in main stem color, leaf margin, fruit color and fruit size; Group Ⅱ contained four cultivated species and 20 wild germplasms, with the highest main stem diameter (20.42 mm) and the smallest fruit (the average length of 3.79 cm and diameter of 4.60 cm and weight of 73.38 g). 22 eggplant germplasms were detected with high resistance to bacterial wilt, 11 eggplant germplasms with high resistance to root-knot nematode and 7 eggplant germplasms with high resistance to Verticillium wilt. Three eggplant germplasms (BW9, LJ-7, Ng1-052) were highly resistant against bacterial wilt and root-knot nematode, and four eggplant germplasms (Ng1-003, Solanum khasianum C. B. Clarke, Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam., Solanum torvum Swartz) were highly resistant against root-knot nematode and Verticillium wilt. These eggplant germplasms can be used as resistance sources for disease resistance breeding. Based on the identification of botanical traits and disease resistance, three cultivars (LJ-18, Ng1-015 and Ng1-013) showing resistant against multiple diseases and vigorous growth and convenient graft were obtained, which laid a foundation for excellent multi-resistant eggplant rootstock breeding.
To provide theoretical and practical guidance for rootstock breeding, 19 botanical traits of 70 eggplant germplasm resources for rootstock were investigated in this study, followed by the genetic diversity, principal component and cluster analysis. Moreover, tests for resistance to three soil-borne diseases (bacterial wilt, root-knot nematode and Verticillium wilt) were conducted. The coefficient of variation was variable from 15.9%-73.05% with an average of 46.11%. The genetic diversity index ranged from 0.325-2.008 with an average of 1.145. The coefficient of variation of weight per fruit was the highest (73.05%), and the genetic diversity of main stem diameter was the richest with an index of 2.0083. The component analysis revealed seven principal components (eigenvalues >1) with a cumulative rate of 76.55%. The 4th and 5th principal components were related to the convenience of grafting and the growth of grafted plant. The cluster analysis suggested three groups in this collection, including Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅲ were cultivated species, which showed no obvious differences in main stem color, leaf margin, fruit color and fruit size; Group Ⅱ contained four cultivated species and 20 wild germplasms, with the highest main stem diameter (20.42 mm) and the smallest fruit (the average length of 3.79 cm and diameter of 4.60 cm and weight of 73.38 g). 22 eggplant germplasms were detected with high resistance to bacterial wilt, 11 eggplant germplasms with high resistance to root-knot nematode and 7 eggplant germplasms with high resistance to Verticillium wilt. Three eggplant germplasms (BW9, LJ-7, Ng1-052) were highly resistant against bacterial wilt and root-knot nematode, and four eggplant germplasms (Ng1-003, Solanum khasianum C. B. Clarke, Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam., Solanum torvum Swartz) were highly resistant against root-knot nematode and Verticillium wilt. These eggplant germplasms can be used as resistance sources for disease resistance breeding. Based on the identification of botanical traits and disease resistance, three cultivars (LJ-18, Ng1-015 and Ng1-013) showing resistant against multiple diseases and vigorous growth and convenient graft were obtained, which laid a foundation for excellent multi-resistant eggplant rootstock breeding.
2022, 23(5):1281-1286.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220207003
Abstract:
Phytophthora fruit rot is an important disease in eggplant. Identification of the disease-causing pathogens and the resistant germplasm accessions against these pathogens is useful in breeding of resistant varieties. In this study, the pathogens were isolated from the diseased eggplant fruit from Xuzhou city and Nanjing city of Jiangsu province, followed by tests for disease resistances in 146 globally-collected eggplant germplasm accessions. One strain was obtained from each of the samples in the two regions. Two strains (named NJ1 and XZ1) had typical characteristics of the phytophthora capsici, and both were P. capsici as revealed by rDNA-ITS sequence analysis. The eggplants post inoculation showed typical disease symptoms of phytophthora fruit rot. A variation on resistance among germplasm accessions was observed, and only several genotypes represented ideal resistance. Three germplasm accessions with ideal resistance to both strains could be used as a source of resistance for breeding eggplant against phytophthora fruit rot. Especially, G42 and G114 were resistant to both strains, while G135 was resistant to strain XZ1 and moderate resistant to strain NJ1. Collectively, this study has laid an important foundation for genetic breeding research on phytophthora fruit rot in eggplant.
Phytophthora fruit rot is an important disease in eggplant. Identification of the disease-causing pathogens and the resistant germplasm accessions against these pathogens is useful in breeding of resistant varieties. In this study, the pathogens were isolated from the diseased eggplant fruit from Xuzhou city and Nanjing city of Jiangsu province, followed by tests for disease resistances in 146 globally-collected eggplant germplasm accessions. One strain was obtained from each of the samples in the two regions. Two strains (named NJ1 and XZ1) had typical characteristics of the phytophthora capsici, and both were P. capsici as revealed by rDNA-ITS sequence analysis. The eggplants post inoculation showed typical disease symptoms of phytophthora fruit rot. A variation on resistance among germplasm accessions was observed, and only several genotypes represented ideal resistance. Three germplasm accessions with ideal resistance to both strains could be used as a source of resistance for breeding eggplant against phytophthora fruit rot. Especially, G42 and G114 were resistant to both strains, while G135 was resistant to strain XZ1 and moderate resistant to strain NJ1. Collectively, this study has laid an important foundation for genetic breeding research on phytophthora fruit rot in eggplant.
LIU Wen-jun
,
CHEN Bao-lin
,
ZHOU Jian-hui
,
ZHANG Man
,
ZHOU Yan-xia
,
WAN Zheng-lin
,
ZHANG Li
,
ZHONG Yu-juan
,
HUANG Sun-da
,
CHEN Zhen-dong
2022, 23(5):1287-1297.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220330002
Abstract:
In order to investigate the genetic basis of crops germplasm resources, Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs of PRC and the government of Guangxi Autonomous Region of China launched the projects ‘The Third National Survey and Collection on Crop Germplasm Resources’ and ‘Collection, Identification and Preservation of Crop Germplasm Resources in Guangxi’, respectively. We have collected systematically the resources of Cucurbita in Guangxi, followed by the identification and evaluation of pant morphology, fruit characters, flowering habits, taste quality and resistance to powdery mildew and virus. 261 samples of Cucurbita resources were obtained throughout the whole province, especially in which northern, western and eastern regions represented a higher number of germplasm resources, with better quality and higher resistance than those of genotypes in other areas. These genotypes were classified belonging to C. moschata D. cultivars, with its typical characteristics such as palm-shaped leaves and pentagonal fruit stalks. They showed rich genetic variations, i.e. the coefficient of variation of leaf size and main stem diameter ranging from 10% to 11%, fruit shape index ranging from 0.516 to 3.190, the coefficient of variation of fruit weight ranging from 0.89 kg to 11.40 kg (mean = 38.1%). However, there were defects such as poor genetic stability, overall quality differential and unsatisfactory complex characters. Fifty-three resources showing earlier maturity, 32 genotypes with high-quality, 61 high resistance resources to powdery mildew and 5 high resistance resources to virus were identified. Collectively, this study provided solid foundation for the conservation and efficient use of pant local germplasm resources.
In order to investigate the genetic basis of crops germplasm resources, Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs of PRC and the government of Guangxi Autonomous Region of China launched the projects ‘The Third National Survey and Collection on Crop Germplasm Resources’ and ‘Collection, Identification and Preservation of Crop Germplasm Resources in Guangxi’, respectively. We have collected systematically the resources of Cucurbita in Guangxi, followed by the identification and evaluation of pant morphology, fruit characters, flowering habits, taste quality and resistance to powdery mildew and virus. 261 samples of Cucurbita resources were obtained throughout the whole province, especially in which northern, western and eastern regions represented a higher number of germplasm resources, with better quality and higher resistance than those of genotypes in other areas. These genotypes were classified belonging to C. moschata D. cultivars, with its typical characteristics such as palm-shaped leaves and pentagonal fruit stalks. They showed rich genetic variations, i.e. the coefficient of variation of leaf size and main stem diameter ranging from 10% to 11%, fruit shape index ranging from 0.516 to 3.190, the coefficient of variation of fruit weight ranging from 0.89 kg to 11.40 kg (mean = 38.1%). However, there were defects such as poor genetic stability, overall quality differential and unsatisfactory complex characters. Fifty-three resources showing earlier maturity, 32 genotypes with high-quality, 61 high resistance resources to powdery mildew and 5 high resistance resources to virus were identified. Collectively, this study provided solid foundation for the conservation and efficient use of pant local germplasm resources.
黄 新 彪
,
LI Guang-ning
,
XUAN Shu-xin
,
ZHANG Chao
,
WANG Yan-hua
,
CHEN Xue-ping
,
GU Ai-xia
,
ZHANG Shuai-yu
,
MA Li-song
,
ZHAO Jian-jun
,
SHEN Shu-xing
2022, 23(5):1310-1320.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220517007
Abstract:
Clubroot disease is one of the most important diseases of Chinese cabbage and other cruciferous crops. Identification of new clubroot resistant resources is of importance in breeding for resistant varieties to effectively prevent the occurrence. In this study, two resistant and two susceptible inbred lines of Chinese cabbage, respectively, were used to identify the polymorphic markers that are closely linked to the CR genes of the resistant inbred lines. Sixty-three turnip germplasms were tested for resistance at the seedling stage by inoculation using the bacterium Plasmodiophora brassicae isolates from Wulong district of Chongqing municipality and Tangshan city of Hebei province. The turnip germplasms showing resistant or tolerant were genotyped using molecular markers linked to CR genes. Based on 20 tested markers, two were found to be linked to the resistance gene CRa, one marker linked to CRb, five markers linked to CRbkato and one marker linked to CRd. Six turnip germplasms showing good resistance simultaneously to isolates were collected from Centre for Genetic Resources (CGN), Netherlands, including three forage turnips and three vegetable turnips originally from European countries. The genotyping results also suggested a heterozygous status in the genetic background of these turnips. The germplasms CGN1, CGN10 and CGN11 were found harboring four CR loci (CRa, CRbkato, CRb and CRd), CGN23 and CGN36 were detected harboring three loci (CRa, CRbkato and CRd), and CGN30 carried two CR loci (CRa and CRbkato). Whether these turnip germplasms host additional CR loci still remains to be further investigated. Collectively, these results provided materials for mining new CR genes and breeding new CR varieties of Chinese cabbage and other cruciferous crops.
Clubroot disease is one of the most important diseases of Chinese cabbage and other cruciferous crops. Identification of new clubroot resistant resources is of importance in breeding for resistant varieties to effectively prevent the occurrence. In this study, two resistant and two susceptible inbred lines of Chinese cabbage, respectively, were used to identify the polymorphic markers that are closely linked to the CR genes of the resistant inbred lines. Sixty-three turnip germplasms were tested for resistance at the seedling stage by inoculation using the bacterium Plasmodiophora brassicae isolates from Wulong district of Chongqing municipality and Tangshan city of Hebei province. The turnip germplasms showing resistant or tolerant were genotyped using molecular markers linked to CR genes. Based on 20 tested markers, two were found to be linked to the resistance gene CRa, one marker linked to CRb, five markers linked to CRbkato and one marker linked to CRd. Six turnip germplasms showing good resistance simultaneously to isolates were collected from Centre for Genetic Resources (CGN), Netherlands, including three forage turnips and three vegetable turnips originally from European countries. The genotyping results also suggested a heterozygous status in the genetic background of these turnips. The germplasms CGN1, CGN10 and CGN11 were found harboring four CR loci (CRa, CRbkato, CRb and CRd), CGN23 and CGN36 were detected harboring three loci (CRa, CRbkato and CRd), and CGN30 carried two CR loci (CRa and CRbkato). Whether these turnip germplasms host additional CR loci still remains to be further investigated. Collectively, these results provided materials for mining new CR genes and breeding new CR varieties of Chinese cabbage and other cruciferous crops.
ZHANG Min-juan
,
WANG Deng-ke
,
DUAN Shi-xiang
,
DOU Jun-ling
,
YANG Sen
,
LIU Dong-ming
,
NIU Huan-huan
,
ZHU Hua-yu
,
HU Jian-bin
,
SUN Shou-ru
,
MA Chang-sheng
,
YANG Lu-ming
2022, 23(5):1298-1309.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220616001
Abstract:
In recent years, facility cultivation in watermelon has become one of the main ways in China, and dwarf germplasm resources have been of interest considering their application for their unique advantages in facility cultivation. Dwarf is one important agronomic trait in modulating plant architecture, and dwarf watermelon varieties are adaptable for high-density planting, mechanizing management and pest control, which can effectively reduce costs and meet the current needs of simplified watermelon cultivation. In this study, 14 dwarf germplasms, which were collected from domestic and foreign countries, were subjected for self-pollination with several generations to obtain homozygous inbred lines. Fourteen dwarf germplasms were subjected for diallel crosses, and F1 hybrids and derived F2 populations were analyzed for plant architecture related agronomic traits. Based on allelic tests for 14 dwarf germplasms, two types (class-I and class-II) on the dwarf phenotype were observed. The dwarf trait in class-I mutants d1, d2, d3 and d6 was controlled by the same recessive gene Cldw1, while the dwarf trait in class-mutants was controlled by another recessive gene Cldf. The F1 hybrid derived from inter-crosses between two classes were observed with long vine, and the segregation ratio of the vine type in F2 population was 9:3:3:1, thus confirming that the dwarf trait in two types of mutants were controlled by two different recessive genes. The analysis of different dwarf germplasm mutants in this study provided better understanding of watermelon dwarf resources, which has implication in breeding for new watermelon dwarf varieties.
In recent years, facility cultivation in watermelon has become one of the main ways in China, and dwarf germplasm resources have been of interest considering their application for their unique advantages in facility cultivation. Dwarf is one important agronomic trait in modulating plant architecture, and dwarf watermelon varieties are adaptable for high-density planting, mechanizing management and pest control, which can effectively reduce costs and meet the current needs of simplified watermelon cultivation. In this study, 14 dwarf germplasms, which were collected from domestic and foreign countries, were subjected for self-pollination with several generations to obtain homozygous inbred lines. Fourteen dwarf germplasms were subjected for diallel crosses, and F1 hybrids and derived F2 populations were analyzed for plant architecture related agronomic traits. Based on allelic tests for 14 dwarf germplasms, two types (class-I and class-II) on the dwarf phenotype were observed. The dwarf trait in class-I mutants d1, d2, d3 and d6 was controlled by the same recessive gene Cldw1, while the dwarf trait in class-mutants was controlled by another recessive gene Cldf. The F1 hybrid derived from inter-crosses between two classes were observed with long vine, and the segregation ratio of the vine type in F2 population was 9:3:3:1, thus confirming that the dwarf trait in two types of mutants were controlled by two different recessive genes. The analysis of different dwarf germplasm mutants in this study provided better understanding of watermelon dwarf resources, which has implication in breeding for new watermelon dwarf varieties.
WANG Shan
,
KANG Jun-gen
,
FENG Da-ling
,
LU Yin
,
YANG Rui
,
SHI Kai-lin
,
LIU Meng-yang
,
WANG Yan-hua
,
XU Dong-hui
,
ZHAO Jian-jun
2022, 23(5):1321-1333.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220219001
Abstract:
Glucosinolates and their degradation products are important secondary metabolite of cruciferous vegetables with the anti-cancer function. The Methylthioalkylmalate synthases encoded by various MAM genes are involved in glucosinolate side-chain elongation. MAM1 catalyzes the aliphatic glucosinolate synthesis with short-chain, while MAM3 catalyzes that with long-chain. In this study, the glucosinolate content and the expression of MAM genes were analyzed in Chinese cabbage and cabbage inbred lines during seedling and rosette stages, in order to associate MAM gene expression with the accumulation of beneficial glucosinolates. The results showed that the average glucosinolate content in cabbage was higher than that of Chinese cabbage from seedling to rosette stage. The content of 5C and 4C aliphatic glucosinolates (GBN and NAP) were predominant in Chinese cabbage, whereas the main glucosinolates in cabbage were 3C and 4C aliphatic glucosinolates (IBE, SIN and GRA). The anti-cancer components SIN and GRA were significantly higher in cabbage than those of Chinese cabbage. The genome annotations of Chinese cabbage and cabbage revealed seven MAM paralogous genes respectively. By analyzing the expression levels of MAMs, a significant difference in the relative expression level of MAM1 and MAM3 between Chinese cabbage and cabbage was detected. The expression level of BraMAM1.1 and BraMAM1.2 in Chinese cabbage was significantly lower than that of BoMAM1.1 and BoMAM1.2 in cabbage, while the expression level of BraMAM3.2 and BraMAM3.3 was significantly higher than that of BoMAM3.1. Moreover, the content of 3C aliphatic glucosinolates in cabbage was positively correlated with the expression of BoMAM1.1, and the content of 5C aliphatic glucosinolates in Chinese cabbage was positively correlated with the expression of BraMAM3.2. Collectively we speculated that the low expression of BraMAM1.1 and the high expression of BraMAM3.2 may respond to the low accumulation of 3C aliphatic glucosinolates (SIN) and the high accumulation of 5C aliphatic glucosinolates (GBN) in Chinese cabbage.
Glucosinolates and their degradation products are important secondary metabolite of cruciferous vegetables with the anti-cancer function. The Methylthioalkylmalate synthases encoded by various MAM genes are involved in glucosinolate side-chain elongation. MAM1 catalyzes the aliphatic glucosinolate synthesis with short-chain, while MAM3 catalyzes that with long-chain. In this study, the glucosinolate content and the expression of MAM genes were analyzed in Chinese cabbage and cabbage inbred lines during seedling and rosette stages, in order to associate MAM gene expression with the accumulation of beneficial glucosinolates. The results showed that the average glucosinolate content in cabbage was higher than that of Chinese cabbage from seedling to rosette stage. The content of 5C and 4C aliphatic glucosinolates (GBN and NAP) were predominant in Chinese cabbage, whereas the main glucosinolates in cabbage were 3C and 4C aliphatic glucosinolates (IBE, SIN and GRA). The anti-cancer components SIN and GRA were significantly higher in cabbage than those of Chinese cabbage. The genome annotations of Chinese cabbage and cabbage revealed seven MAM paralogous genes respectively. By analyzing the expression levels of MAMs, a significant difference in the relative expression level of MAM1 and MAM3 between Chinese cabbage and cabbage was detected. The expression level of BraMAM1.1 and BraMAM1.2 in Chinese cabbage was significantly lower than that of BoMAM1.1 and BoMAM1.2 in cabbage, while the expression level of BraMAM3.2 and BraMAM3.3 was significantly higher than that of BoMAM3.1. Moreover, the content of 3C aliphatic glucosinolates in cabbage was positively correlated with the expression of BoMAM1.1, and the content of 5C aliphatic glucosinolates in Chinese cabbage was positively correlated with the expression of BraMAM3.2. Collectively we speculated that the low expression of BraMAM1.1 and the high expression of BraMAM3.2 may respond to the low accumulation of 3C aliphatic glucosinolates (SIN) and the high accumulation of 5C aliphatic glucosinolates (GBN) in Chinese cabbage.
2022, 23(5):1334-1342.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220419005
Abstract:
Tomato is a globally popular vegetable with special flavor and rich nutrition. Along with the increasing need of the customers on the fruit quality, people have paid attention on the sepals, as an important part of fruits. In this study, the genetic populations (P1, P2, F1, F1' and F2) were generated by using tomato genotypes with sepal envelopment and upward curl as parents, respectively. The F2 population was genotyped using 130 polymorphic SSR markers to obtain the genetic linkage map, which contained twelve linkage groups, with a genetic map length of 4682.22 cM and an average genetic interval of 36.02 between markers. The QTL mapping of six sepal-related morphological traits (sepal length, sepal width, sepal thickness, sepal area, sepal upward curl, and sepal upward curl) enabled identifying 20 QTL, of which two were associated with sepal length, three with sepal thickness, 11 with sepal area, four with sepal crimpness. These high-confident QTL at each trait were further analyzed, and might lay a foundation for deciphering the regulation and improvement mechanisms of tomato sepal morphology.
Tomato is a globally popular vegetable with special flavor and rich nutrition. Along with the increasing need of the customers on the fruit quality, people have paid attention on the sepals, as an important part of fruits. In this study, the genetic populations (P1, P2, F1, F1' and F2) were generated by using tomato genotypes with sepal envelopment and upward curl as parents, respectively. The F2 population was genotyped using 130 polymorphic SSR markers to obtain the genetic linkage map, which contained twelve linkage groups, with a genetic map length of 4682.22 cM and an average genetic interval of 36.02 between markers. The QTL mapping of six sepal-related morphological traits (sepal length, sepal width, sepal thickness, sepal area, sepal upward curl, and sepal upward curl) enabled identifying 20 QTL, of which two were associated with sepal length, three with sepal thickness, 11 with sepal area, four with sepal crimpness. These high-confident QTL at each trait were further analyzed, and might lay a foundation for deciphering the regulation and improvement mechanisms of tomato sepal morphology.
2022, 23(5):1343-1351.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220309001
Abstract:
To illustrate the regulation mechanism of parthenocarpy and the genes controlling this process, as well as provide basic materials in eggplant parthenocarpy breeding, the parthenocarpy/non parthenocarpy near isogenic lines were constructed in this study. Two groups of near isogenic lines (NILs) JDX1 and JDX8 were generated by hybridization, backcross and selfing, in combination with parthenocarpy identification and agronomic traits investigation. 219 pairs of SSR primers covering eggplant genome were used to genotype eggplant NILs and their parents. JDX1 and JDX8 showed 97.14% and 88.23% on the genetic similarity with respective reincarnation parents, respectively. The parthenocarpy identification showed that, in difference with recurrent parents, JDX1 and JDX8 had been completely transformed into non parthenocarpic lines. There were no significant differences in plant height, first flower height, node spacing, leaf length and width, fruit length and thickness between NILs and their recurrent parents. By considering the agronomic characteristics such as fruit color and strain type, JDX1 and JDX8 showed higher similarity/identity with the reincarnation parent. Collectively, the success on creation of eggplant parthenocarpy lines laid a foundation for the basic research of single solidity.
To illustrate the regulation mechanism of parthenocarpy and the genes controlling this process, as well as provide basic materials in eggplant parthenocarpy breeding, the parthenocarpy/non parthenocarpy near isogenic lines were constructed in this study. Two groups of near isogenic lines (NILs) JDX1 and JDX8 were generated by hybridization, backcross and selfing, in combination with parthenocarpy identification and agronomic traits investigation. 219 pairs of SSR primers covering eggplant genome were used to genotype eggplant NILs and their parents. JDX1 and JDX8 showed 97.14% and 88.23% on the genetic similarity with respective reincarnation parents, respectively. The parthenocarpy identification showed that, in difference with recurrent parents, JDX1 and JDX8 had been completely transformed into non parthenocarpic lines. There were no significant differences in plant height, first flower height, node spacing, leaf length and width, fruit length and thickness between NILs and their recurrent parents. By considering the agronomic characteristics such as fruit color and strain type, JDX1 and JDX8 showed higher similarity/identity with the reincarnation parent. Collectively, the success on creation of eggplant parthenocarpy lines laid a foundation for the basic research of single solidity.
ZHENG Xi-xiao
,
WANG Gang
,
WANG Pei-pei
,
WANG Yan-hua
,
MA Wei
,
XUAN Shu-xin
,
ZHAO Jian-jun
,
CHEN Xue-ping
,
SHEN Shu-xing
,
GU Ai-xia
2022, 23(5):1352-1361.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220513002
Abstract:
Glucosinolates (GSLs) are a type of important secondary metabolites in cruciferous plants. GSLs and their degradation products are known with important roles in plant flavor, insect resistance and anti-cancer. Sulforaphane, the degradation product of glucoraphanin (GRA), is one of the most important anti-cancer substances. The BrAOP2 gene is a key factor that modulates the GRA content. To analyze if the GSLs content between the Chinese Cabbage-Cabbage Translocation Line A-4 was different with that of their parent Chinese Cabbage 85-1, 84 selfing progenies plants of A-4 and 85-1 were subjected to measure by High Performance Liquid Chromatography the GSLs content in rosette leaves and heading leaves at rosette, early heading and harvest head stage. The genomic and transcriptional diversity of the BrAOP2 gene were analyzed. The results showed that the average contents of total GSLs, aliphatic GSLs, PRO, GBN, GRA, NAP and GBC of A-4 selfing progenies plants were always higher than those of 85-1 in heading leaves and rosette leaves at all stages. Especially, the highest value on contents were observed in heading leaves at early heading stages. Except the content of NEO, the contents of total GSLs and other GSLs components in heading leaves were higher than those in rosette leaves. The lower expression and SNP/Indels of the BrAOP2 gene in A-4 selfing progenies plants if compared to 85-1 were observed. With these results, it is speculated that the increase on GRA content in A-4 selfing progenies plants associates with the expression of BrAOP2. Collectively, these results provided insights for further analyzing the GRA content in 85-1 and Chinese cabbage-cabbage translocation lines.
Glucosinolates (GSLs) are a type of important secondary metabolites in cruciferous plants. GSLs and their degradation products are known with important roles in plant flavor, insect resistance and anti-cancer. Sulforaphane, the degradation product of glucoraphanin (GRA), is one of the most important anti-cancer substances. The BrAOP2 gene is a key factor that modulates the GRA content. To analyze if the GSLs content between the Chinese Cabbage-Cabbage Translocation Line A-4 was different with that of their parent Chinese Cabbage 85-1, 84 selfing progenies plants of A-4 and 85-1 were subjected to measure by High Performance Liquid Chromatography the GSLs content in rosette leaves and heading leaves at rosette, early heading and harvest head stage. The genomic and transcriptional diversity of the BrAOP2 gene were analyzed. The results showed that the average contents of total GSLs, aliphatic GSLs, PRO, GBN, GRA, NAP and GBC of A-4 selfing progenies plants were always higher than those of 85-1 in heading leaves and rosette leaves at all stages. Especially, the highest value on contents were observed in heading leaves at early heading stages. Except the content of NEO, the contents of total GSLs and other GSLs components in heading leaves were higher than those in rosette leaves. The lower expression and SNP/Indels of the BrAOP2 gene in A-4 selfing progenies plants if compared to 85-1 were observed. With these results, it is speculated that the increase on GRA content in A-4 selfing progenies plants associates with the expression of BrAOP2. Collectively, these results provided insights for further analyzing the GRA content in 85-1 and Chinese cabbage-cabbage translocation lines.
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