2023, 24(6):1805-1815.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20230523001
Abstract:
Fusarium head blight （FHB） is a devastating disease of wheat， which seriously reduces grain yield and quality. It is an effective way to prevent the damage of FHB by introducing resistant genes into wheat varieties. In this study， the wheat line L06486 that carries the FHB resistance genes Fhb1， Fhb2， Fhb4 and Fhb5， was used as the donor and crossed with the variety Jimai 24， which was high-yield and widely adaptive across the Huanghuai area of wheat planting， but highly susceptible to FHB. Then the acquired plants were crossed with the dwarf wheat line 206A. A large spray facility was used to carry out the fog-way inoculation of spore-fluid through scab on the ears of wheat， across F3 to F6 multiple generations and populations. The resistance of the selected F7 stable lines was validated by floret-inoculation and their resistant genes composition was identified with specific markers for Fhb1， Fhb2， Fhb4 and Fhb5. It showed that 106 F7 lines had improved resistance to FHB in comparing with the recipient parent Jimai 24. Out of these 106 lines， 98 lines showed a range of moderate susceptible to high resistance， and 105 lines carried 1 to 4 FHB resistance genes each. The frequencies of Fhb1， Fhb2， Fhb4 and Fhb5 presence were 96.23%， 41.51%， 18.87% and 87.74%， respectively. Lines with single or multiple Fhb genes showed higher resistance to FHB than those with none of Fhb gene； the more Fhb genes it carried， the higher resistance to FHB. Altogether， these selected lines will be valuable in improving the FHB resistance in Huanghuai wheat planting region in the future.
Fusarium head blight （FHB） is a devastating disease of wheat， which seriously reduces grain yield and quality. It is an effective way to prevent the damage of FHB by introducing resistant genes into wheat varieties. In this study， the wheat line L06486 that carries the FHB resistance genes Fhb1， Fhb2， Fhb4 and Fhb5， was used as the donor and crossed with the variety Jimai 24， which was high-yield and widely adaptive across the Huanghuai area of wheat planting， but highly susceptible to FHB. Then the acquired plants were crossed with the dwarf wheat line 206A. A large spray facility was used to carry out the fog-way inoculation of spore-fluid through scab on the ears of wheat， across F3 to F6 multiple generations and populations. The resistance of the selected F7 stable lines was validated by floret-inoculation and their resistant genes composition was identified with specific markers for Fhb1， Fhb2， Fhb4 and Fhb5. It showed that 106 F7 lines had improved resistance to FHB in comparing with the recipient parent Jimai 24. Out of these 106 lines， 98 lines showed a range of moderate susceptible to high resistance， and 105 lines carried 1 to 4 FHB resistance genes each. The frequencies of Fhb1， Fhb2， Fhb4 and Fhb5 presence were 96.23%， 41.51%， 18.87% and 87.74%， respectively. Lines with single or multiple Fhb genes showed higher resistance to FHB than those with none of Fhb gene； the more Fhb genes it carried， the higher resistance to FHB. Altogether， these selected lines will be valuable in improving the FHB resistance in Huanghuai wheat planting region in the future.
CAI Yibiao
,
SUN Zhencang
,
SHI Xinyao
,
GUAN Yuxiang
,
CHENG Jiajia
,
YANG Shuang
,
WANG Menglu
,
ZHANG Lei
,
WANG Chenyang
,
DING Hongke
,
WANG Faxiang
,
ZHAO Chunhua
,
SUN Han
,
WU Yongzhen
,
QIN Ran
,
CUI Fa
2023, 24(6):1690-1701.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20230329002
Abstract:
qPh-3D is a major quantitative trait locus （QTL） regulating plant height （PH） in wheat. This locus could be repeatedly identified in datasets at 14 different environments in the recombinant inbred line （RIL） population derived from the cross between Kenong 9204 and Jing 411 （denoted as KJ-RILs）. qPh-3D was mapped to the chromosomal region of KN3D：515.08-539.08 Mb， and the allele from parent Jing 411 could reduce PH. In this study， we aimed to further characterize the genetic mechanism of PH reduction caused by qPh-3D and clarify its genetic effects on yield-related traits， using the KJ-RILs population containing 187 lines as well as a natural mapping population consisting of 316 breeding varieties （advanced lines）. In KJ-RILs， the qPh-3D allele from Jing 411 can significantly reduce PH via reducing all internode lengths without significant effect on spike length （SL）， whereas it can reduce kernel yield per plant （KYPP） at certain level. Two markers AX-110160363 and AX-111109273， which closely link with qPh-3D， were used for genotyping in the natural mapping population with the yield-related phenotypic datasets. The qPh-3D allele with decreased PH was found with a positive effect on SL， but a significant negative effect on KYPP. Based on the breeding selection effect analysis at the qPh-3D locus， the qPh-3D allele with decreased PH was present in a higher proportion in wheat varieties released from Beijing and Shanxi in China， but lower in Shandong， Qinghai， Sichuan and the foreign countries. This allele was detected in a lower proportion in earlier varieties， while its presence in modern varieties was detected increasingly. In addition， a closely linked PCR-based InDel marker targeting the qPh-3D locus was developed. Collectively， the findings of this study will provide theoretical guidance for future applications of qPh-3D in molecular breeding programs in wheat.
qPh-3D is a major quantitative trait locus （QTL） regulating plant height （PH） in wheat. This locus could be repeatedly identified in datasets at 14 different environments in the recombinant inbred line （RIL） population derived from the cross between Kenong 9204 and Jing 411 （denoted as KJ-RILs）. qPh-3D was mapped to the chromosomal region of KN3D：515.08-539.08 Mb， and the allele from parent Jing 411 could reduce PH. In this study， we aimed to further characterize the genetic mechanism of PH reduction caused by qPh-3D and clarify its genetic effects on yield-related traits， using the KJ-RILs population containing 187 lines as well as a natural mapping population consisting of 316 breeding varieties （advanced lines）. In KJ-RILs， the qPh-3D allele from Jing 411 can significantly reduce PH via reducing all internode lengths without significant effect on spike length （SL）， whereas it can reduce kernel yield per plant （KYPP） at certain level. Two markers AX-110160363 and AX-111109273， which closely link with qPh-3D， were used for genotyping in the natural mapping population with the yield-related phenotypic datasets. The qPh-3D allele with decreased PH was found with a positive effect on SL， but a significant negative effect on KYPP. Based on the breeding selection effect analysis at the qPh-3D locus， the qPh-3D allele with decreased PH was present in a higher proportion in wheat varieties released from Beijing and Shanxi in China， but lower in Shandong， Qinghai， Sichuan and the foreign countries. This allele was detected in a lower proportion in earlier varieties， while its presence in modern varieties was detected increasingly. In addition， a closely linked PCR-based InDel marker targeting the qPh-3D locus was developed. Collectively， the findings of this study will provide theoretical guidance for future applications of qPh-3D in molecular breeding programs in wheat.
DU Guofeng
,
XIE Yongdun
,
GUO Huijun
,
XIONG Hongchun
,
GU Jiayu
,
ZHAO Linshu
,
ZHAO Shirong
,
DING Yuping
,
SUI Li
,
LIU Luxiang
2023, 24(5):1485-1497.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20230329001
Abstract:
As a new mutagen， lithium （7Li） ion beam plays an increasingly important role in crop mutation breeding. In this study， the characteristics of wheat DNA damage induced by 7Li ion beam irradiation treatment were explored by comet assay， and the transcriptional re-programming was preliminarily analyzed by transcriptome analysis. The wheat seedlings showed lower growth inhibition of wheat seedlings caused by 7Li ion beam irradiation， but seedlings leaf vein chlorosis to cracking， if compared with those treated by the conventional mutagenic gamma ray （γ）. Based on GO and KEGG functional analysis of differentially expressed genes （DEGs） induced by irradiation， DEGs induced by 7Li ion beam irradiation were mainly enriched in cell wall synthesis and metabolism and glycerolipid metabolic pathways， while DEGs induced by γ ray irradiation were mainly enriched in photosynthetic metabolic pathways. That suggested that cell wall synthesis and metabolism and glycerolipid metabolic pathways are likely modulated by 7Li ion beam irradiation， while photosynthetic metabolic pathways are likely modified by γ ray irradiation. Gained from the results of transcription factor analysis of two radiation-induced DEGs， several transcription factor families， such as MYB， WRKY， bHLH and NAC， might specifically respond to 7Li ion beam irradiation. The results of this study implied that 7Li ion beam irradiation specifically modify the transcriptional re-programming of Whirly family transcription factors to regulate DNA damage repair， while the conventional γ ray irradiation likely induced the E2F / DP family transcription factors to regulate DNA damage repair.
As a new mutagen， lithium （7Li） ion beam plays an increasingly important role in crop mutation breeding. In this study， the characteristics of wheat DNA damage induced by 7Li ion beam irradiation treatment were explored by comet assay， and the transcriptional re-programming was preliminarily analyzed by transcriptome analysis. The wheat seedlings showed lower growth inhibition of wheat seedlings caused by 7Li ion beam irradiation， but seedlings leaf vein chlorosis to cracking， if compared with those treated by the conventional mutagenic gamma ray （γ）. Based on GO and KEGG functional analysis of differentially expressed genes （DEGs） induced by irradiation， DEGs induced by 7Li ion beam irradiation were mainly enriched in cell wall synthesis and metabolism and glycerolipid metabolic pathways， while DEGs induced by γ ray irradiation were mainly enriched in photosynthetic metabolic pathways. That suggested that cell wall synthesis and metabolism and glycerolipid metabolic pathways are likely modulated by 7Li ion beam irradiation， while photosynthetic metabolic pathways are likely modified by γ ray irradiation. Gained from the results of transcription factor analysis of two radiation-induced DEGs， several transcription factor families， such as MYB， WRKY， bHLH and NAC， might specifically respond to 7Li ion beam irradiation. The results of this study implied that 7Li ion beam irradiation specifically modify the transcriptional re-programming of Whirly family transcription factors to regulate DNA damage repair， while the conventional γ ray irradiation likely induced the E2F / DP family transcription factors to regulate DNA damage repair.
YANG Fangping
,
GUO Ying
,
LYU Yingchun
,
DONG Yachao
,
LI Yue
,
HUA Qingchun
,
HU Mengxia
,
LIU Jindong
2023, 24(6):1558-1567.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20230320003
Abstract:
Landraces are important parent sources in wheat breeding， and play vital roles in the breeding progress via introgressing elite traits. Using allele-specific markers of wheat vernalization genes Vrn-A1， Vrn-B1， Vrn-D1， Vrn-B3 and photoperiod gene Ppd-D1， this study detected their dominant allelic variations in 445 Gansu landraces， and analyzed the relationship with winter-spring growth habits. The results showed： （1） The frequencies of the dominant alleles at the four vernalization genes were 2.5% （Vrn-A1a）， 11.0% （Vrn-B1a）， 1.6% （Vrn-B1b）， 0.5% （Vrn-B1c）， 67.4% （Vrn-D1） and 0.5% （Vrn-B3）， respectively， and the frequency of the photoperiod-insensitive Ppd-D1a allele was 17.8%. （2） Except for Vrn-B1a + Vrn-D1， different combinations of dominant alleles were detected in landraces collected from spring wheat regions. The frequency distribution of dominant vernalization alleles decreased gradually from spring wheat to winter wheat regions， whereas all recessive allele composition at Vrn1 and Vrn-B3 loci increased constantly. The Ppd-D1a was detected in Gansu landrace germplasm from different wheat regions， and its frequency in winter wheat region was much higher than that in spring wheat region. The highest frequency （35.6%） was observed in Longdong dry land winter wheat area， and the lowest （5.1%） was detected in Taomin high and cold spring wheat region. （3） Through comparing the genotyping results with the historic phenotype recorded from wheat resource catalogue of Gansu Landrace， a lower coincidence was observed in winter/strong winter landraces than that in spring/mild winter wheat， and the coincidence decreased gradually for the landraces from the spring wheat to winter wheat regions. （4） Eighty-three spring wheat， 119 mild winter wheat and 82 winter wheat were identified， which can be applied in spring wheat region （Central and western Gansu province， high and cold Taomin spring wheat area） and autumn-planting winter wheat regions with warmer （Longnan Jialing River Upstream and Upper Wei River in Southern Tianshui） and colder winter region （Pingliang， Qingyang Jing River basin， North of Dingxi and Tianshui）， respectively. In conclusion， this study provided a reference for mining excellent traits of landrace varieties in modern wheat breeding.
Landraces are important parent sources in wheat breeding， and play vital roles in the breeding progress via introgressing elite traits. Using allele-specific markers of wheat vernalization genes Vrn-A1， Vrn-B1， Vrn-D1， Vrn-B3 and photoperiod gene Ppd-D1， this study detected their dominant allelic variations in 445 Gansu landraces， and analyzed the relationship with winter-spring growth habits. The results showed： （1） The frequencies of the dominant alleles at the four vernalization genes were 2.5% （Vrn-A1a）， 11.0% （Vrn-B1a）， 1.6% （Vrn-B1b）， 0.5% （Vrn-B1c）， 67.4% （Vrn-D1） and 0.5% （Vrn-B3）， respectively， and the frequency of the photoperiod-insensitive Ppd-D1a allele was 17.8%. （2） Except for Vrn-B1a + Vrn-D1， different combinations of dominant alleles were detected in landraces collected from spring wheat regions. The frequency distribution of dominant vernalization alleles decreased gradually from spring wheat to winter wheat regions， whereas all recessive allele composition at Vrn1 and Vrn-B3 loci increased constantly. The Ppd-D1a was detected in Gansu landrace germplasm from different wheat regions， and its frequency in winter wheat region was much higher than that in spring wheat region. The highest frequency （35.6%） was observed in Longdong dry land winter wheat area， and the lowest （5.1%） was detected in Taomin high and cold spring wheat region. （3） Through comparing the genotyping results with the historic phenotype recorded from wheat resource catalogue of Gansu Landrace， a lower coincidence was observed in winter/strong winter landraces than that in spring/mild winter wheat， and the coincidence decreased gradually for the landraces from the spring wheat to winter wheat regions. （4） Eighty-three spring wheat， 119 mild winter wheat and 82 winter wheat were identified， which can be applied in spring wheat region （Central and western Gansu province， high and cold Taomin spring wheat area） and autumn-planting winter wheat regions with warmer （Longnan Jialing River Upstream and Upper Wei River in Southern Tianshui） and colder winter region （Pingliang， Qingyang Jing River basin， North of Dingxi and Tianshui）， respectively. In conclusion， this study provided a reference for mining excellent traits of landrace varieties in modern wheat breeding.
2023, 24(5):1380-1388.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20230307001
Abstract:
The wheat grain hardness is an important index affecting the commodity classification， milling technology and flour final processing use. Molecular marker-assisted （MAS） technique can effectively improve the breeding efficiency for grain hardness in wheat. In order to explore and develop more molecular markers that are closely linked to the grain hardness of wheat， the recombinant inbred lines （RILs） population was constructed by crossing the hard wheat Yangmai 158 with soft wheat Xifeng， and genotyped by wheat 55K SNP array technique. The genetic linkage map is 2784.9 cM in length with 3830 non-consegregation SNP markers. Based on the kernel hardness phenotype in the 4-year experiment， the QTL affecting wheat grain hardness were mapped in the chromosome. A total of 12 repeatable QTL were identified on chromosomes 1A， 1B， 1D， 2A （2）， 3A， 4D， 5A， 5D， 6B， 6D and 7A， and each single QTL could explain 3.2%-15.2% of grain hardness variation. Among them， eleven QTL were derived from the soft wheat Xifeng， and one QTL from the hard wheat Yangmai 158. Seven QTL showed stable performance and were detected simultaneously in the 4-year experiment， and five QTL were newly identified. The newly discovered QTL， especially QTL on chromosome 5D， could account for up to 15.2% of the phenotypic variation. SNP markers closely linked to these QTL will provide help for marker-assisted selection in soft wheat in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
The wheat grain hardness is an important index affecting the commodity classification， milling technology and flour final processing use. Molecular marker-assisted （MAS） technique can effectively improve the breeding efficiency for grain hardness in wheat. In order to explore and develop more molecular markers that are closely linked to the grain hardness of wheat， the recombinant inbred lines （RILs） population was constructed by crossing the hard wheat Yangmai 158 with soft wheat Xifeng， and genotyped by wheat 55K SNP array technique. The genetic linkage map is 2784.9 cM in length with 3830 non-consegregation SNP markers. Based on the kernel hardness phenotype in the 4-year experiment， the QTL affecting wheat grain hardness were mapped in the chromosome. A total of 12 repeatable QTL were identified on chromosomes 1A， 1B， 1D， 2A （2）， 3A， 4D， 5A， 5D， 6B， 6D and 7A， and each single QTL could explain 3.2%-15.2% of grain hardness variation. Among them， eleven QTL were derived from the soft wheat Xifeng， and one QTL from the hard wheat Yangmai 158. Seven QTL showed stable performance and were detected simultaneously in the 4-year experiment， and five QTL were newly identified. The newly discovered QTL， especially QTL on chromosome 5D， could account for up to 15.2% of the phenotypic variation. SNP markers closely linked to these QTL will provide help for marker-assisted selection in soft wheat in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
WEN Xiao-lan
,
HU Ren-yue
,
ZHANG Bo-wen
,
YAO Dan-yu
,
PENG Wen-tao
,
WAN Xiao-neng
,
WANG Xiu-yuan
,
YUAN Jun-hai
,
LIU Xiao-fen
,
SUN Guo-zhong
2023, 24(4):984-992.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20230118002
Abstract:
A naturally-occurring lesion mimic mutant lm452 was identified in the progeny of the near iso-genetic lines derived from Xinong1376 × Kehan21. This study analyzed the development， physiological-biochemical characteristics， agronomic traits， and inheritance of lesion mimic phenotype in lm452. The lesions were initially visualized in the first leaf， with the color from white to tan， with striped and patchy appearance. With the development of plants， the number of lesions gradually increased from leaf to sheath. The lesions seem temperature/light sensitive， since leaves shaded can avoid or reduce their occurrences， and low temperature and strong light can enhance the occurrence. Gained from the results of physiological and chemical assays， the lesions were associated with burst of reactive oxygen species （ROS）， and reduction on soluble protein content and cellular viability. The 1000-kernel weight of lm452 was significantly lower than that of its sister line g451 under either field or greenhouse conditions. Genetic analysis showed that the lesion mimic trait of lm452 was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. Collectively， these results provided the foundation for isolation of the target gene and deciphering its molecular mechanism in future.
A naturally-occurring lesion mimic mutant lm452 was identified in the progeny of the near iso-genetic lines derived from Xinong1376 × Kehan21. This study analyzed the development， physiological-biochemical characteristics， agronomic traits， and inheritance of lesion mimic phenotype in lm452. The lesions were initially visualized in the first leaf， with the color from white to tan， with striped and patchy appearance. With the development of plants， the number of lesions gradually increased from leaf to sheath. The lesions seem temperature/light sensitive， since leaves shaded can avoid or reduce their occurrences， and low temperature and strong light can enhance the occurrence. Gained from the results of physiological and chemical assays， the lesions were associated with burst of reactive oxygen species （ROS）， and reduction on soluble protein content and cellular viability. The 1000-kernel weight of lm452 was significantly lower than that of its sister line g451 under either field or greenhouse conditions. Genetic analysis showed that the lesion mimic trait of lm452 was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. Collectively， these results provided the foundation for isolation of the target gene and deciphering its molecular mechanism in future.
2023, 24(4):993-1006.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20221224001
Abstract:
Grain size and morphology is one of the main factors that determine the wheat yield. It is of great significance to mine the associated loci of grain size and morphology related traits and screen related candidate genes for improving wheat yield. In this study， 300 representative natural populations of winter wheat were used to identify the phenotype at nine grain traits， including 1000-grain weight， grain length， grain width， grain thickness， grain length-width ratio， grain area， grain perimeter， grain shape and grain plumpness. This collection was genotyped by 90K SNP chip， followed by genome-wide association study using mixed linear model （MLM+Q+K）. The results showed that these traits showed rich phenotypic variation， with the coefficient of variation ranged from 3.80%~26.06% and the broad heritability from 56.25% to 91.98%. Sixty-six loci （P≤0.001） were detected by GWAS on 18 chromosomes except 3D， 4D and 5D， explaining 3.74%~14.34% of phenotypic variation at each locus. Thirty-seven pleiotropic loci were found associating with two or more grain traits. Especially， the BS00022512_51 marker on chromosome 3B was simultaneously correlated with 4 grain traits （grain length， grain width， grain thickness and grain length-width ratio）?， with the largest apparent contribution rate （7.06%~14.34%）. The wsnp_Ex_c4480_8055475 markers on chromosome 6D were simultaneously associated with six grain traits except grain thickness， grain shape and grain plumpness， and the phenotypic contribution rate was 3.81%~8.25%. Haplotype analysis of BS00022512_51 and wsnp_Ex_c4480_8055475 markers showed that there were three haplotypes of GC-Hap1， AT-Hap2 and AC-Hap3 in wsnp_Ex_c4480_8055475 loucs on chromosome 6D， and Haplotype GC-Hap1 is a haplotype with large grains and high 1000-grain weight. The three haplotypes accounted for 65.58% and 32.25% and 2.17% in population， respectively. Haplotype GC-Hap1 was predominant in four winter wheat regions in China. Nine candidate genes were proposed based on 37 significantly-associated multiple effect SNPs.
Grain size and morphology is one of the main factors that determine the wheat yield. It is of great significance to mine the associated loci of grain size and morphology related traits and screen related candidate genes for improving wheat yield. In this study， 300 representative natural populations of winter wheat were used to identify the phenotype at nine grain traits， including 1000-grain weight， grain length， grain width， grain thickness， grain length-width ratio， grain area， grain perimeter， grain shape and grain plumpness. This collection was genotyped by 90K SNP chip， followed by genome-wide association study using mixed linear model （MLM+Q+K）. The results showed that these traits showed rich phenotypic variation， with the coefficient of variation ranged from 3.80%~26.06% and the broad heritability from 56.25% to 91.98%. Sixty-six loci （P≤0.001） were detected by GWAS on 18 chromosomes except 3D， 4D and 5D， explaining 3.74%~14.34% of phenotypic variation at each locus. Thirty-seven pleiotropic loci were found associating with two or more grain traits. Especially， the BS00022512_51 marker on chromosome 3B was simultaneously correlated with 4 grain traits （grain length， grain width， grain thickness and grain length-width ratio）?， with the largest apparent contribution rate （7.06%~14.34%）. The wsnp_Ex_c4480_8055475 markers on chromosome 6D were simultaneously associated with six grain traits except grain thickness， grain shape and grain plumpness， and the phenotypic contribution rate was 3.81%~8.25%. Haplotype analysis of BS00022512_51 and wsnp_Ex_c4480_8055475 markers showed that there were three haplotypes of GC-Hap1， AT-Hap2 and AC-Hap3 in wsnp_Ex_c4480_8055475 loucs on chromosome 6D， and Haplotype GC-Hap1 is a haplotype with large grains and high 1000-grain weight. The three haplotypes accounted for 65.58% and 32.25% and 2.17% in population， respectively. Haplotype GC-Hap1 was predominant in four winter wheat regions in China. Nine candidate genes were proposed based on 37 significantly-associated multiple effect SNPs.
2023, 24(4):972-983.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20230102002
Abstract:
In order to analyze leaf rust resistance genes present in 40 domestic wheat cultivars， using 16 physiological races of leaf rust fungus to deduce their genes， it is speculated that the composition of the resistance genes to leaf rust disease in the tested material. And combined with 11 specific molecular markers closely linked to known disease resistance genes for validation. And further select 5 highly virulent races to make mixed strains， and conduct plant adult inoculation in the Baoding experimental field to screen wheat varieties that may contain adult slow rust genes. Based on pedigree analysis， gene postulation and molecular marker detection results， six known major leaf rust resistance genes （Lr1， Lr11， Lr20， Lr26， Lr30 and Lr37） were detected. Ten varieties including Yunhei 14207 contain Lr1； Hemei 988 and Bainong 207 contain Lr11； Yumai 49 and Bainong 207 contain Lr20； 23 varieties including Wanfeng 269 contain Lr26； Yunhei 14207 and Zhengmai 103 contain Lr30； four varieties including Luo6073 contain Lr37， and some varieties contain unknown genes for leaf rust resistance. Seven varieties， such as Luo 6073， were identified showing slow rust phenotype. Collectively， this study clarified the genetic composition of these varieties， and obtained elite resistant varieties which can be applied in resistance breeding and resistance gene stacking.
In order to analyze leaf rust resistance genes present in 40 domestic wheat cultivars， using 16 physiological races of leaf rust fungus to deduce their genes， it is speculated that the composition of the resistance genes to leaf rust disease in the tested material. And combined with 11 specific molecular markers closely linked to known disease resistance genes for validation. And further select 5 highly virulent races to make mixed strains， and conduct plant adult inoculation in the Baoding experimental field to screen wheat varieties that may contain adult slow rust genes. Based on pedigree analysis， gene postulation and molecular marker detection results， six known major leaf rust resistance genes （Lr1， Lr11， Lr20， Lr26， Lr30 and Lr37） were detected. Ten varieties including Yunhei 14207 contain Lr1； Hemei 988 and Bainong 207 contain Lr11； Yumai 49 and Bainong 207 contain Lr20； 23 varieties including Wanfeng 269 contain Lr26； Yunhei 14207 and Zhengmai 103 contain Lr30； four varieties including Luo6073 contain Lr37， and some varieties contain unknown genes for leaf rust resistance. Seven varieties， such as Luo 6073， were identified showing slow rust phenotype. Collectively， this study clarified the genetic composition of these varieties， and obtained elite resistant varieties which can be applied in resistance breeding and resistance gene stacking.
SUN Gang
,
CHEN Jia-jing
,
YAO Ming-ming
,
MAO Xin-yuan
,
LI Qing-feng
,
LIU Cai-xia
,
LIU Feng-lou
,
LI Wen-xia
,
WANG Zhang-jun
2023, 24(4):954-971.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20221118001
Abstract:
This study attempted to evaluate the plant height， grain traits， and diseases resistance of wheat resources derived from different wheat regions of China at four major breeding stages that were cultivated in spring wheat region of Ningxia Hui Autonomous region， China， in order to provide the methods and excellent germplasms for local wheat breeding in future. A total of 228 wheat resources at four breeding stages were used. The entropy-weighted DTOPSIS method was used for evaluating the plant height and grain traits in order to select good breeding parents. The diseases resistance and proportion of resistant genes were evaluated by field resistance survey， in combination with 18 molecular markers that associate with main wheat diseases in Ningxia， China. The results showed that， at the breeding stages I to IV， the plant height and index of the protein traits were gradually decreased， while the grain number and grain weight were gradually increased. According to the Ci value， 11 resources （Hongxinglong No.3， Nuomai， Xinjiang wheat， Shanglin wheat， Ningchun No.45， Huining No.19， Ningchun No.32， Ningchun No.58， Ganchun No.25， Yongliang No.15 and Xiaobing No.33） ranking top 5% in popupalation were identified. The resistance survey results showed， there were 181， 220 and 83 in 228 resources that were resistant to stripe rust， leaf rust and powdery mildew， respectively. These 11 resources based on the Ci value showed better resistance to stripe rust and leaf rust， and three of them， namely Hongxinglong No.3， Shanglin wheat， and Xiaobing No. 33， were also resistant to powdery mildew. In addition， 18 molecular markers associated with diseases resistance， showed different proportions of amplification results in 228 resources. Collectively， the DTOPSIS method based on entropy weighting and molecular markers associated with main wheat diseases can be used to evaluate the wheat resources at the different breeding stages.These selected wheat resources with good performance can be used as candidate parents for wheat breeding in Ningxia， China.
This study attempted to evaluate the plant height， grain traits， and diseases resistance of wheat resources derived from different wheat regions of China at four major breeding stages that were cultivated in spring wheat region of Ningxia Hui Autonomous region， China， in order to provide the methods and excellent germplasms for local wheat breeding in future. A total of 228 wheat resources at four breeding stages were used. The entropy-weighted DTOPSIS method was used for evaluating the plant height and grain traits in order to select good breeding parents. The diseases resistance and proportion of resistant genes were evaluated by field resistance survey， in combination with 18 molecular markers that associate with main wheat diseases in Ningxia， China. The results showed that， at the breeding stages I to IV， the plant height and index of the protein traits were gradually decreased， while the grain number and grain weight were gradually increased. According to the Ci value， 11 resources （Hongxinglong No.3， Nuomai， Xinjiang wheat， Shanglin wheat， Ningchun No.45， Huining No.19， Ningchun No.32， Ningchun No.58， Ganchun No.25， Yongliang No.15 and Xiaobing No.33） ranking top 5% in popupalation were identified. The resistance survey results showed， there were 181， 220 and 83 in 228 resources that were resistant to stripe rust， leaf rust and powdery mildew， respectively. These 11 resources based on the Ci value showed better resistance to stripe rust and leaf rust， and three of them， namely Hongxinglong No.3， Shanglin wheat， and Xiaobing No. 33， were also resistant to powdery mildew. In addition， 18 molecular markers associated with diseases resistance， showed different proportions of amplification results in 228 resources. Collectively， the DTOPSIS method based on entropy weighting and molecular markers associated with main wheat diseases can be used to evaluate the wheat resources at the different breeding stages.These selected wheat resources with good performance can be used as candidate parents for wheat breeding in Ningxia， China.
WANG Zong-yao
,
XU Shi-rui
,
JI Xia-jie
,
HAN Hai-ming
,
ZHANG Jin-peng
,
ZHOU Sheng-hui
,
YANG Xin-ming
,
LI Xiu-quan
,
LI Li-hui
,
LIU Wei-hua
2023, 24(4):944-953.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20221213003
Abstract:
Agropyron cristatum， as one of the important wild relatives of wheat， contains many excellent genes that are useful in wheat improvement. The wheat-A. cristatum addition line， which contains a complete A. cristatum chromosome， serves as an important bridge to utilize the A. cristatum derived excellent genes. As a perennial tetraploid outcrossing species that carries four haploid sub-genomes， the wheat-A. cristatum additional lines carrying each of different chromosomes from the same homologous group might represent the different agronomic characters. In this study， the heading time， plant type， panicle character， grain character， resistance to powdery mildew and leaf rust were identified and analyzed employing cytological identification， molecular marker detection， agronomic character investigation and disease resistance identification. The wheat-A. cristatum 2P addition line II-9-3 was genetically stable， compact， immune to leaf rust and highly resistant to powdery mildew， which could be used for plant architecture improvement and disease resistance breeding. Wheat-A. cristatum 2P addition line II-3-1b was observed with obvious reduction on plant height， early heading and immune to leaf rust， which could be used for plant height improvement and leaf rust resistance breeding. Wheat-A. cristatum 2P addition line II-23-72 is nearly immune to endemic leaf rust and powdery mildew species， and might be useful in disease-resistance breeding. These three 2P addition lines provided raw materials for further producing 2P translocation and deletion lines. These 2P addition lines with different characteristics on plant type， plant height and disease resistance， might provide a basis for future genetic mapping and effective use of excellent genes applicable in wheat.
Agropyron cristatum， as one of the important wild relatives of wheat， contains many excellent genes that are useful in wheat improvement. The wheat-A. cristatum addition line， which contains a complete A. cristatum chromosome， serves as an important bridge to utilize the A. cristatum derived excellent genes. As a perennial tetraploid outcrossing species that carries four haploid sub-genomes， the wheat-A. cristatum additional lines carrying each of different chromosomes from the same homologous group might represent the different agronomic characters. In this study， the heading time， plant type， panicle character， grain character， resistance to powdery mildew and leaf rust were identified and analyzed employing cytological identification， molecular marker detection， agronomic character investigation and disease resistance identification. The wheat-A. cristatum 2P addition line II-9-3 was genetically stable， compact， immune to leaf rust and highly resistant to powdery mildew， which could be used for plant architecture improvement and disease resistance breeding. Wheat-A. cristatum 2P addition line II-3-1b was observed with obvious reduction on plant height， early heading and immune to leaf rust， which could be used for plant height improvement and leaf rust resistance breeding. Wheat-A. cristatum 2P addition line II-23-72 is nearly immune to endemic leaf rust and powdery mildew species， and might be useful in disease-resistance breeding. These three 2P addition lines provided raw materials for further producing 2P translocation and deletion lines. These 2P addition lines with different characteristics on plant type， plant height and disease resistance， might provide a basis for future genetic mapping and effective use of excellent genes applicable in wheat.
QUAN Wei
,
MA Jin-xiu
,
HUA Zheng-rong
,
ZUO Jing-hong
,
WANG Wei-wei
,
WANG Jun-wen
,
ZHANG Li-ping
,
PANG Bin-shuang
,
ZHAO Chang-ping
2023, 24(3):701-718.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20221031003
Abstract:
In order to clarify the situation of the quality-related genes and corresponding traits of Chinese wheat varieties， 530 wheat varieties released in China in the recent years were analyzed for volume weight， crude protein content， wet gluten content， water absorption and stability time. This collection was genotyped with 13 quality related KASP markers， enabling deciphering the distribution and pyramiding of favorable alleles in wheat-planting areas. The frequency of favorable alleles among different regions was unevenly distributed. The frequencies of 1BL/1RS （-）， 1Ax 1/1Ax 2*， Pinb-D1b and Pinb-B2b were significantly different among different regions， while no difference on the frequency of 1Bx17+1By18， TaPsy-D1a and TaPod-A1b among different regions was observed. Twelve genotypes containing four elite alleles of 1B/1R （-）， 1Ax 1/1Ax 2*， 1Dx5+1Dy10 and glu-B3g+ at five gluten quality related loci were identified. For three grain hardness genes， the elite alleles combination （Pina-D1b + Pinb-D1b + Pinb-B2b） was not detected， while the combinations of either Pina-D1b + Pinb-B2b or Pinb-D1b + Pinb-B2b were found in 16 and 88 samples， respectively. Ten samples were found containing favorable allelic variants of five color related genes. Four genotypes simultaneously containing 10 favorable alleles were obtained， and 16 varieties with 9 favorable allelic variants were found. The results of quality analysis showed that there were regional differences in quality traits， and the stability time was inconsistent with protein content and wet gluten content. The frequency of elite alleles at gluten quality related genes， such as 1BL/1RS （-）， 1Ax1/1Ax2* and 1Dx5+1Dy10， was significantly different in the wheat varieties with strong gluten， medium strong gluten and medium gluten， and the allele frequency was positively correlated with the quality.
In order to clarify the situation of the quality-related genes and corresponding traits of Chinese wheat varieties， 530 wheat varieties released in China in the recent years were analyzed for volume weight， crude protein content， wet gluten content， water absorption and stability time. This collection was genotyped with 13 quality related KASP markers， enabling deciphering the distribution and pyramiding of favorable alleles in wheat-planting areas. The frequency of favorable alleles among different regions was unevenly distributed. The frequencies of 1BL/1RS （-）， 1Ax 1/1Ax 2*， Pinb-D1b and Pinb-B2b were significantly different among different regions， while no difference on the frequency of 1Bx17+1By18， TaPsy-D1a and TaPod-A1b among different regions was observed. Twelve genotypes containing four elite alleles of 1B/1R （-）， 1Ax 1/1Ax 2*， 1Dx5+1Dy10 and glu-B3g+ at five gluten quality related loci were identified. For three grain hardness genes， the elite alleles combination （Pina-D1b + Pinb-D1b + Pinb-B2b） was not detected， while the combinations of either Pina-D1b + Pinb-B2b or Pinb-D1b + Pinb-B2b were found in 16 and 88 samples， respectively. Ten samples were found containing favorable allelic variants of five color related genes. Four genotypes simultaneously containing 10 favorable alleles were obtained， and 16 varieties with 9 favorable allelic variants were found. The results of quality analysis showed that there were regional differences in quality traits， and the stability time was inconsistent with protein content and wet gluten content. The frequency of elite alleles at gluten quality related genes， such as 1BL/1RS （-）， 1Ax1/1Ax2* and 1Dx5+1Dy10， was significantly different in the wheat varieties with strong gluten， medium strong gluten and medium gluten， and the allele frequency was positively correlated with the quality.
ZHANG Hui-fang
,
QI Hong-zhi
,
SUN Yan
,
FENG Xiao
,
YANG Cui-ping
,
ZHUO Wen-fei
,
YAN Zhao-ling
,
QI Xue-li
2023, 24(3):719-731.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220703001
Abstract:
In order to systematically understand the current status on the character diversity of wheat varieties from different origins （southern part and northern part） in Huang-Huai winter wheat region， 109 newly-released varieties from this region were investigated in this study. The character diversity analysis and comprehensive evaluation based on 12 agronomic and quality traits were carried out by using Shannon-Wiener diversity index （H′?）， cluster analysis， principal component analysis， regression model construction， etc. 84 and 25 varieties were collected from the southern and northern part of Huang-Huai winter wheat region， accounting for 77.1% and 22.9%， respectively. The wheat varieties showing strong gluten and medium strong gluten accounted for 11.9% and 16.5% respectively， accounting for 28.4% in total. The variation coefficient on 12 traits ranged from 1.66% to 76.64%， with an average of 11.37%. The variation coefficient of stabilization time was the largest， and the variation coefficient of bulk density was the smallest. The H′ index on 12 traits ranged from 1.50 to 4.65， with an average of 3.78. The H′ index on basic seedling was the smallest （1.50）， and the rest H′ were above 3.00. The H′ on 12 traits of wheat in the northern part was higher than that in the southern part， with an increase of 24.7%-188.6%. The increase of growth period was the smallest， and the increase of basic seedling was the largest. At the square Euclidean distance of 10.0， 109 wheat varieties were grouped into six categories， mostly being coincidence with their origins. There were significant or extremely significant differences in bulk density， growth period， spike number and water absorption rate of wheat varieties from different origins， part which were 0.9%， 3.5%， 11.0% and 4.1% lower in the southern than that in the northern， respectively. The cumulative contribution rates of the first six principal components of wheat varieties from different origins had little difference， with 80.25% in the southern part and 83.33% in the northern part. The comprehensive scores of wheat varieties from different origins were strong gluten wheat > medium strong gluten and medium gluten wheat. The richness and uniformity of wheat traits in the northern part were higher than those in the southern part， and the evolutionary potential was higher. The five traits of spike number， grain number per spike， bulk density， protein content and water absorption rate could be used to evaluate the comprehensive performance of northern part wheat varieties. Gained from these results， it is suggested that future improvement of wheat varieties in the southern part would profile from enlarging the genetic basis. The six traits including growth period， spike number， yield， bulk density， protein content and wet gluten content could be used to evaluate the comprehensive performance of wheat varieties in this region.
In order to systematically understand the current status on the character diversity of wheat varieties from different origins （southern part and northern part） in Huang-Huai winter wheat region， 109 newly-released varieties from this region were investigated in this study. The character diversity analysis and comprehensive evaluation based on 12 agronomic and quality traits were carried out by using Shannon-Wiener diversity index （H′?）， cluster analysis， principal component analysis， regression model construction， etc. 84 and 25 varieties were collected from the southern and northern part of Huang-Huai winter wheat region， accounting for 77.1% and 22.9%， respectively. The wheat varieties showing strong gluten and medium strong gluten accounted for 11.9% and 16.5% respectively， accounting for 28.4% in total. The variation coefficient on 12 traits ranged from 1.66% to 76.64%， with an average of 11.37%. The variation coefficient of stabilization time was the largest， and the variation coefficient of bulk density was the smallest. The H′ index on 12 traits ranged from 1.50 to 4.65， with an average of 3.78. The H′ index on basic seedling was the smallest （1.50）， and the rest H′ were above 3.00. The H′ on 12 traits of wheat in the northern part was higher than that in the southern part， with an increase of 24.7%-188.6%. The increase of growth period was the smallest， and the increase of basic seedling was the largest. At the square Euclidean distance of 10.0， 109 wheat varieties were grouped into six categories， mostly being coincidence with their origins. There were significant or extremely significant differences in bulk density， growth period， spike number and water absorption rate of wheat varieties from different origins， part which were 0.9%， 3.5%， 11.0% and 4.1% lower in the southern than that in the northern， respectively. The cumulative contribution rates of the first six principal components of wheat varieties from different origins had little difference， with 80.25% in the southern part and 83.33% in the northern part. The comprehensive scores of wheat varieties from different origins were strong gluten wheat > medium strong gluten and medium gluten wheat. The richness and uniformity of wheat traits in the northern part were higher than those in the southern part， and the evolutionary potential was higher. The five traits of spike number， grain number per spike， bulk density， protein content and water absorption rate could be used to evaluate the comprehensive performance of northern part wheat varieties. Gained from these results， it is suggested that future improvement of wheat varieties in the southern part would profile from enlarging the genetic basis. The six traits including growth period， spike number， yield， bulk density， protein content and wet gluten content could be used to evaluate the comprehensive performance of wheat varieties in this region.
WANG Chu
,
YIN Yan
,
WANG Hao
,
LI Shi-hui
,
ZHAO Chun-hua
,
QIN Ran
,
SUN Han
,
WU Yong-zhen
,
MU Yan-jun
,
KONG Jun-jie
,
XU Ling
,
HUANG Xiao-mei
,
XIN Qing-guo
,
WANG Jiang-chun
,
CUI Fa
2023, 24(3):732-743.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20221213004
Abstract:
Wheat variety Yannong 999 （YN999） shows stably high yield potential with strong environment adaptability. Unlocking its genetic basis and key chromosomal regions underlying high yield performance will provide theoretical support for the further application. In this study， a 55K wheat SNP array was used for genotyping the YN999， its 46 derived varieties （lines） and a natural mapping population containing 243 wheat varieties （lines）. The genetic effects of the key chromosomal segments undergone strong selection was elucidated. The genetic cause of high-yielding potential in YN999 was dissected based on the composition of excellent alleles underlying the three yield components. The characteristics of high thousand kernel weight were preferentially selected and present in the derived varieties （lines）. Genotyping using the wheat 55K SNP array revealed that the average genetic similarity coefficient of YN999 if compared to 46 derived varieties （lines） was 0.87. The genetic contribution of YN999 to its derived varieties （lines） of F3， F5， F6 and F7 were 84.94%， 86.19%， 86.67% and 87.65%， respectively. A total of 222 segments of YN999 with over 95% transmission rate were detected in the offspring of YN999， and the length of the segment varied from 5.04 Mb to 108.75 Mb， among which 2A contained the longest segment with high frequency selection， being 483.37 Mb， and 7D contained the shortest of 13.84 Mb. A total of 135 identified QTL related to yield traits were coincided with the 222 high-frequency selection regions， with 80， 48 and 7 QTL in the A， B and D genome， respectively. A total of 1195， 267， 790 and 678 significant SNPs， which were correlated with yield per plant， kernel number per spike， 1000-grain weight and spike number per plant， respectively， were detected by single marker QTL analysis using a natural mapping population. Among those， approximately 84.02%， 51.69%， 94.18% and 13.42% alleles contributing to the higher yield performance were identified from YN999. These results indicate that YN999 has enriched the superior alleles of yield per plant and 1000-grain weight， which might be the important genetic basis for the high and stable yield in YN999. This study provided theoretical reference in application of YN999 as key parent in molecular breeding programs， and identification and cloning of the genes with high yield performance.
Wheat variety Yannong 999 （YN999） shows stably high yield potential with strong environment adaptability. Unlocking its genetic basis and key chromosomal regions underlying high yield performance will provide theoretical support for the further application. In this study， a 55K wheat SNP array was used for genotyping the YN999， its 46 derived varieties （lines） and a natural mapping population containing 243 wheat varieties （lines）. The genetic effects of the key chromosomal segments undergone strong selection was elucidated. The genetic cause of high-yielding potential in YN999 was dissected based on the composition of excellent alleles underlying the three yield components. The characteristics of high thousand kernel weight were preferentially selected and present in the derived varieties （lines）. Genotyping using the wheat 55K SNP array revealed that the average genetic similarity coefficient of YN999 if compared to 46 derived varieties （lines） was 0.87. The genetic contribution of YN999 to its derived varieties （lines） of F3， F5， F6 and F7 were 84.94%， 86.19%， 86.67% and 87.65%， respectively. A total of 222 segments of YN999 with over 95% transmission rate were detected in the offspring of YN999， and the length of the segment varied from 5.04 Mb to 108.75 Mb， among which 2A contained the longest segment with high frequency selection， being 483.37 Mb， and 7D contained the shortest of 13.84 Mb. A total of 135 identified QTL related to yield traits were coincided with the 222 high-frequency selection regions， with 80， 48 and 7 QTL in the A， B and D genome， respectively. A total of 1195， 267， 790 and 678 significant SNPs， which were correlated with yield per plant， kernel number per spike， 1000-grain weight and spike number per plant， respectively， were detected by single marker QTL analysis using a natural mapping population. Among those， approximately 84.02%， 51.69%， 94.18% and 13.42% alleles contributing to the higher yield performance were identified from YN999. These results indicate that YN999 has enriched the superior alleles of yield per plant and 1000-grain weight， which might be the important genetic basis for the high and stable yield in YN999. This study provided theoretical reference in application of YN999 as key parent in molecular breeding programs， and identification and cloning of the genes with high yield performance.
14 Variations of HMW-GS and Quality-Related Parameters in Wheat Varieties Released in Sichuan Province
JIANG Yun
,
HAO Ming
,
LIU Deng-cai
,
LYU Ji-juan
,
TANG Shu-yao
,
XUAN Pu
,
GUO Yuan-lin
,
CHEN Qian
,
WANG Ying
,
XIAO Jun
,
ZHANG Jie
2023, 24(3):744-757.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220908001
Abstract:
The high molecular weight glutenin subunits （HMW-GS） compositions and the quality parameters in 184 Sichuan wheat varieties （released from 1949 to 2018）， one introduced variety and two landraces were analyzed. The results showed that there were three alleles at Glu-1A including 1， N， 2*， eight at Glu-1B including 7， 20， 22， 7+8， 7+9， 6+8， 14+15 and 23+18， and three at Glu-1D including 5+10， 2+12 and 3.1t+11*t. These subunits on sub-genomes A， B， D formed 23 allele combinations， and the combination （N/7+9/5+10） was found with a frequency of 12.3%. Taking advantage of breeding effects， the allele diversity at the Glu-1 locus， as well as the ratio of high-quality strong gluten 1 （Glu-1A） and 5+10 （Glu-1D） were gradually increased. The medium-weak gluten wheat varieties were found with predominant proportion in Sichuan province. The increase on test weight and sedimentation value， but the increase followed by decreased on other quality traits were observed. This study can provide reference for further improvement of wheat quality in Sichuan province， China.
The high molecular weight glutenin subunits （HMW-GS） compositions and the quality parameters in 184 Sichuan wheat varieties （released from 1949 to 2018）， one introduced variety and two landraces were analyzed. The results showed that there were three alleles at Glu-1A including 1， N， 2*， eight at Glu-1B including 7， 20， 22， 7+8， 7+9， 6+8， 14+15 and 23+18， and three at Glu-1D including 5+10， 2+12 and 3.1t+11*t. These subunits on sub-genomes A， B， D formed 23 allele combinations， and the combination （N/7+9/5+10） was found with a frequency of 12.3%. Taking advantage of breeding effects， the allele diversity at the Glu-1 locus， as well as the ratio of high-quality strong gluten 1 （Glu-1A） and 5+10 （Glu-1D） were gradually increased. The medium-weak gluten wheat varieties were found with predominant proportion in Sichuan province. The increase on test weight and sedimentation value， but the increase followed by decreased on other quality traits were observed. This study can provide reference for further improvement of wheat quality in Sichuan province， China.
15 Analysis of Agronomic and Quality Characters of Color-grained Wheat in China in The Past 25 Years
ZHANG Min-min
,
YAN Qiu-yan
,
DONG Fei
,
SHEN Yan-ting
,
JIA Ya-qin
,
YAN Shuang-dui
,
LU Jin-xiu
,
YANG Feng
,
LI Feng
,
CAI Yue
,
YU Zhang-long
,
SONG Yu
,
QI Chen
,
WU Lin-jia
2023, 24(2):458-473.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220809002
Abstract:
Fifty-six color-grained wheat varieties， which were released from different provinces in China in the past 25 years， were investigated in this study. The variation coefficient， principal component analysis and cluster analysis were applied to evaluate their five agronomic and three quality traits， which would provide reference for germplasm resources innovation and new varieties breeding in China. The results showed that the variation coefficient in the growth period， plant height， kernels per spike， 1000-grain weight and grain yield ranged from 8.11% to 21.82%， especially for the yield and growth period both with a higher variation coefficient. The variation coefficient of three quality traits protein content， bulk density and wet gluten content ranged from 3.44% to 15.06%， among which the bulk density was stable and the variation of protein and wet gluten content was abundant. Most of the varieties released by Shanxi Province， Anhui Province and Beijing showed good quality， and wheat varieties from Shandong Province showed better yield performance. There were no significant differences in traits among different color-grained wheat. The correlation analysis showed that the growth period negetively correlated with the plant height. The 1000-grain weight was observed to be positively correlated with the kernels per spike. The protein content positively correlated with the wet gluten content and growth period. The principal component analysis simplified the six traits into three principal components， with a cumulative contribution rate of 67.55%. The first principal component was associated with the bulk density， the second principal component was associated with the yield， and the third principal component was associated with the protein and wet gluten content. Cluster analysis suggested the 56 color-grained wheat resources into four groups at a distance of 12.5， among which the first group had better comprehensive traits. The varieties Shannong Lanmai 1 had the highest F value （1.02）， and Liuzi Heimai 1 had the second highest F value （0.99）. According to the trend of color-grained wheat variety traits， the growth period and yield attended to be increased within years， while the plant height and protein content attended to be decreased. Collectively， in breeding for color-grained wheat varieties the yield performance was the major target， and future improvement on the quality traits， especially the protein content would become of interest.
Fifty-six color-grained wheat varieties， which were released from different provinces in China in the past 25 years， were investigated in this study. The variation coefficient， principal component analysis and cluster analysis were applied to evaluate their five agronomic and three quality traits， which would provide reference for germplasm resources innovation and new varieties breeding in China. The results showed that the variation coefficient in the growth period， plant height， kernels per spike， 1000-grain weight and grain yield ranged from 8.11% to 21.82%， especially for the yield and growth period both with a higher variation coefficient. The variation coefficient of three quality traits protein content， bulk density and wet gluten content ranged from 3.44% to 15.06%， among which the bulk density was stable and the variation of protein and wet gluten content was abundant. Most of the varieties released by Shanxi Province， Anhui Province and Beijing showed good quality， and wheat varieties from Shandong Province showed better yield performance. There were no significant differences in traits among different color-grained wheat. The correlation analysis showed that the growth period negetively correlated with the plant height. The 1000-grain weight was observed to be positively correlated with the kernels per spike. The protein content positively correlated with the wet gluten content and growth period. The principal component analysis simplified the six traits into three principal components， with a cumulative contribution rate of 67.55%. The first principal component was associated with the bulk density， the second principal component was associated with the yield， and the third principal component was associated with the protein and wet gluten content. Cluster analysis suggested the 56 color-grained wheat resources into four groups at a distance of 12.5， among which the first group had better comprehensive traits. The varieties Shannong Lanmai 1 had the highest F value （1.02）， and Liuzi Heimai 1 had the second highest F value （0.99）. According to the trend of color-grained wheat variety traits， the growth period and yield attended to be increased within years， while the plant height and protein content attended to be decreased. Collectively， in breeding for color-grained wheat varieties the yield performance was the major target， and future improvement on the quality traits， especially the protein content would become of interest.
2023, 24(2):445-457.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220802003
Abstract:
The identification and evaluation is an important research subject in the protection and utilization of germplasm resources. Wheat landraces from the western region of Yunnan province， P.R. China， were known with various types and abundant diversity. Analysis of their genetic diversity is of significance to accelerate their breeding utilization rate. In this study， 65 SSR markers were used to analyze the genetic polymorphism of 186 wheat landraces from the western region of Yunnan. A total of 407 alleles were detected， with an average of 6.26. The total of the major allele frequency was 36.1077， with an average of 0.5555. The total of gene diversity index was 37.5473， with an average of 0.5777. The total of polymorphism information content （PIC） was 34.9924， the average was 0.5383， the range were from 0.146 to 0.835， and the polymorphism reached high level （PIC ≥0.5）. Among subgenomes A， B and D， the average value of gene diversity index from high to low were B > A > D. Among the 7 homologous groups， the average value of gene diversity index ranged were from 0.5202 to 0.6508. the fourth homologous groups were the highest， and the seventh homologous groups were the lowest. Cluster analysis had showed two groups， of which in group I five samples expect a hulled hexaploid wheat landrace are tetraploid wheat， and in group Ⅱ 181 samples were hexaploid wheat. In group II， the landraces were clustered into subgroups mainly being coincidence with the geographical sources such as Lincang， Baoshan and Dali. The results of principal component analysis were consistent with those of cluster analysis. These results indicated that wheat landraces from the western region of Yunnan province had possessed high genetic diversity and were valuable gene bank for wheat breeding and improvement in future.
The identification and evaluation is an important research subject in the protection and utilization of germplasm resources. Wheat landraces from the western region of Yunnan province， P.R. China， were known with various types and abundant diversity. Analysis of their genetic diversity is of significance to accelerate their breeding utilization rate. In this study， 65 SSR markers were used to analyze the genetic polymorphism of 186 wheat landraces from the western region of Yunnan. A total of 407 alleles were detected， with an average of 6.26. The total of the major allele frequency was 36.1077， with an average of 0.5555. The total of gene diversity index was 37.5473， with an average of 0.5777. The total of polymorphism information content （PIC） was 34.9924， the average was 0.5383， the range were from 0.146 to 0.835， and the polymorphism reached high level （PIC ≥0.5）. Among subgenomes A， B and D， the average value of gene diversity index from high to low were B > A > D. Among the 7 homologous groups， the average value of gene diversity index ranged were from 0.5202 to 0.6508. the fourth homologous groups were the highest， and the seventh homologous groups were the lowest. Cluster analysis had showed two groups， of which in group I five samples expect a hulled hexaploid wheat landrace are tetraploid wheat， and in group Ⅱ 181 samples were hexaploid wheat. In group II， the landraces were clustered into subgroups mainly being coincidence with the geographical sources such as Lincang， Baoshan and Dali. The results of principal component analysis were consistent with those of cluster analysis. These results indicated that wheat landraces from the western region of Yunnan province had possessed high genetic diversity and were valuable gene bank for wheat breeding and improvement in future.
2023, 24(2):357-364.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220906001
Abstract:
As a very valuable germplasm resource， the wheat materials showing male sterile is of significance in the study of wheat hybrid breeding and heterosis utilization. In this study， we identified a male sterility mutant 4167ms from a wheat high generation line 4167， followed by the phenotype classification， genetic analysis and molecular marker mapping. The anthers of the mutant were shriveled and not exposed. The pollens were irregular in shape and failed to be stained with 1% I2-KI， indicating complete sterility of the pollens. Gained from the outcome of field trials over several years， the male sterility were stable without affects due to light and temperature conditions. The F1 plants derived from crosses between 4167ms and a number of varieties were completely fertile. The segregation ratio （fertile vs. sterile plants） in F2 populations fitted to 3∶1. The F1 plants （KD342//4167ms/4167）， which were derived from reciprocal cross， were fertile， and the segregation ratio （fertile vs. sterile plants） in derived F2 population of segregation was 3∶1. These results indicated that the sterility was controlled by a single recessive nuclear male sterile gene， temporarily designated ms1t. By taking use of a 4167ms/Chinese spring F2 mapping population， together with bulked segregant analysis （BSA） and mapping with SSR molecular markers， the ms1t was delimited with five markers （Xwmc617-Xkd661-Xkd696-ms1t-Xkd495-Xkd393） on chromosome 4BS. The genetic distance of the closest flanking markers Xkd696 and Xkd495 to ms1t were 3.9 cM and 1.9 cM， respectively. The comparative analysis based on the physical map of Chinese Spring suggested that ms1t was allocated to the same genetic interval of the former classified ms1 locus， implying ms1t in mutant 4167ms as a novel recessive allele of the MS1gene.
As a very valuable germplasm resource， the wheat materials showing male sterile is of significance in the study of wheat hybrid breeding and heterosis utilization. In this study， we identified a male sterility mutant 4167ms from a wheat high generation line 4167， followed by the phenotype classification， genetic analysis and molecular marker mapping. The anthers of the mutant were shriveled and not exposed. The pollens were irregular in shape and failed to be stained with 1% I2-KI， indicating complete sterility of the pollens. Gained from the outcome of field trials over several years， the male sterility were stable without affects due to light and temperature conditions. The F1 plants derived from crosses between 4167ms and a number of varieties were completely fertile. The segregation ratio （fertile vs. sterile plants） in F2 populations fitted to 3∶1. The F1 plants （KD342//4167ms/4167）， which were derived from reciprocal cross， were fertile， and the segregation ratio （fertile vs. sterile plants） in derived F2 population of segregation was 3∶1. These results indicated that the sterility was controlled by a single recessive nuclear male sterile gene， temporarily designated ms1t. By taking use of a 4167ms/Chinese spring F2 mapping population， together with bulked segregant analysis （BSA） and mapping with SSR molecular markers， the ms1t was delimited with five markers （Xwmc617-Xkd661-Xkd696-ms1t-Xkd495-Xkd393） on chromosome 4BS. The genetic distance of the closest flanking markers Xkd696 and Xkd495 to ms1t were 3.9 cM and 1.9 cM， respectively. The comparative analysis based on the physical map of Chinese Spring suggested that ms1t was allocated to the same genetic interval of the former classified ms1 locus， implying ms1t in mutant 4167ms as a novel recessive allele of the MS1gene.
2023, 24(1):102-116.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220809001
Abstract:
Wheat grain， with rich nutrition and various end-uses in markets， provides diets in over one-third of the global human population. However， with the increasing influence of biological and abiotic stresses， such as threats of diseases and pests， environmental damages of drought， high temperature and salinization， the sustainability of global wheat production is under increasing threats. In order to ensure the global food security supply and demands for high quality products， the desirable increases on wheat production and quality require to the constantly developing of new breeding methods and germplasm resources used for wheat breeding. In the past decade， significant progress on plant biotechnologies such as transgenic study and genome editing has been achieved， and gradually applied in wheat genetic improvement. To date， the efficient systems for wheat genetic transformation and genome editing have been established， in which the transformation efficiency for the model genotypes mediated by Agrobacterium is higher than 50% and the editing efficiencies of some target genes via CRISPR/Cas9 reach to 40%-70%. The genotype independency in wheat transformation and genome editing has been overcome almost. Some of wheat traits including disease resistance， stress tolerance， quality feature， yield potential， and growth and development regulation have been modified by using transgenic and gene editing methodologies； many new wheat genetic stocks showing disease resistances to powdery mildew， rusts， scab and yellow mosaic virus， tolerances to pre-harvest sprouting， drought and salt， low gliadin content， high gluten content， male sterility and haploid induction ability were created by the requirement of wheat improvement. This review aims to summarize the latest research progresses on transgene and genome editing in wheat， and to explore the current problems and possible solutions.
Wheat grain， with rich nutrition and various end-uses in markets， provides diets in over one-third of the global human population. However， with the increasing influence of biological and abiotic stresses， such as threats of diseases and pests， environmental damages of drought， high temperature and salinization， the sustainability of global wheat production is under increasing threats. In order to ensure the global food security supply and demands for high quality products， the desirable increases on wheat production and quality require to the constantly developing of new breeding methods and germplasm resources used for wheat breeding. In the past decade， significant progress on plant biotechnologies such as transgenic study and genome editing has been achieved， and gradually applied in wheat genetic improvement. To date， the efficient systems for wheat genetic transformation and genome editing have been established， in which the transformation efficiency for the model genotypes mediated by Agrobacterium is higher than 50% and the editing efficiencies of some target genes via CRISPR/Cas9 reach to 40%-70%. The genotype independency in wheat transformation and genome editing has been overcome almost. Some of wheat traits including disease resistance， stress tolerance， quality feature， yield potential， and growth and development regulation have been modified by using transgenic and gene editing methodologies； many new wheat genetic stocks showing disease resistances to powdery mildew， rusts， scab and yellow mosaic virus， tolerances to pre-harvest sprouting， drought and salt， low gliadin content， high gluten content， male sterility and haploid induction ability were created by the requirement of wheat improvement. This review aims to summarize the latest research progresses on transgene and genome editing in wheat， and to explore the current problems and possible solutions.
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