HAO Ming
,
ZHANG Lian-quan
,
HUANG Lin
,
NING Shun-zong
,
YUAN Zhong-wei
,
JIANG Bo
,
YAN Ze-hong
,
WU Bi-hua
,
ZHENG You-liang
,
LIU Deng-cai
2022, 23(1):40-48.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20210518002
Abstract:
The common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an allohexaploid crop species originating from the distant hybridization between the cultivated tetraploid wheat (T. turgidum) and the wild diploid grass Aegilops tauschii Cosson. Common wheat inherits the high-yielding potential of tetraploid wheat, extends potential to make diverse food products and has broad adaptability to environments afforded by the incorporation of D genome. Different from diploid crops, common wheat hosts three sub-genomes harboring a large number of repetitive genes and shows a strong capacity of genomic buffering and plasticity. Thus, allelic variation at a single locus often results in an insubstantial effect during wheat improvement. The genetic diversity among three sub-genomes of common wheat was not symmetric, and D sub-genome diversity was the lowest. By simulating the origination process of common wheat, synthetic hexaploid wheat can be produced as a bridge to incorporate the genetic variations of Ae. tauschii and tetraploid wheat into common wheat. In contrast to common wheat, synthetic hexaploid wheat harbors abundant favorable variations and owns new expression characteristics at transcriptome level, which provide novel genetic basis for breeding. Although synthetic hexaploid wheat is to be placed with great expectation, the utility remains very limited in wheat breeding. Cytological instability and poor comprehensive agronomic performance are disadvantaging in breeding utilization. Optimization of the crossing and selecting strategies will promote the application of synthetic hexaploid wheat in common wheat breeding.
The common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an allohexaploid crop species originating from the distant hybridization between the cultivated tetraploid wheat (T. turgidum) and the wild diploid grass Aegilops tauschii Cosson. Common wheat inherits the high-yielding potential of tetraploid wheat, extends potential to make diverse food products and has broad adaptability to environments afforded by the incorporation of D genome. Different from diploid crops, common wheat hosts three sub-genomes harboring a large number of repetitive genes and shows a strong capacity of genomic buffering and plasticity. Thus, allelic variation at a single locus often results in an insubstantial effect during wheat improvement. The genetic diversity among three sub-genomes of common wheat was not symmetric, and D sub-genome diversity was the lowest. By simulating the origination process of common wheat, synthetic hexaploid wheat can be produced as a bridge to incorporate the genetic variations of Ae. tauschii and tetraploid wheat into common wheat. In contrast to common wheat, synthetic hexaploid wheat harbors abundant favorable variations and owns new expression characteristics at transcriptome level, which provide novel genetic basis for breeding. Although synthetic hexaploid wheat is to be placed with great expectation, the utility remains very limited in wheat breeding. Cytological instability and poor comprehensive agronomic performance are disadvantaging in breeding utilization. Optimization of the crossing and selecting strategies will promote the application of synthetic hexaploid wheat in common wheat breeding.
2022, 23(2):430-441.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20210717001
Abstract:
We attempted to study the fruit quality characters in 77 Camellia oleifera Abel germplasms derived from the unique low thermal valley area of Guizhou，in order to determine the C. oleifera Abel germplasm with the best performance applicable for breeding. Fifteen characters（Single fruit weight，diameter，height，pericarp thickness，fresh seed yield，dry seed yield，kernel yield，kernel oil content，palmitic acid，palmitoleic acid， stearic acid，oleic acid，linoleic acid，linolenic acid，cis-11-eicosenoic acid）were analysed. Principal component analysis was performed to reduce the dimensionality of the data，thereby reducing the 15 main characters to four independent comprehensive indices（or principal components）.The eigen value and contribution rate of the first principal component are 5.13 and 34.19%，respectively；the eigen value of principal component 2 is 3.03，and the contribution rate is 20.17%；the eigen value of principal component 3 is 2.33，and the contribution rate is 15.51%；the eigen value of principal component 4 is 1.25，and the contribution rate is 8.35%. Principal component 1 mainly represented the kernel oil content，principal component 2 mainly represented the single fruit weight，principal component 3 mainly represented the kernel yield，principal component 4 mainly represented the fresh seed yield. Functional expression analysis was performed to obtain the comprehensive score，followed by final ranking and screening. Among the 15 traits，single fruit weight，fresh seed yield，and dry seed yield showed abundant variations. Among the different fatty acids of C. oleifera Abel oils，including palmitoleic acid and cis-11-eicosenoic acid were extremely low（≤0.35%）. Different degrees of correlation were detected between the 15 major traits. There was a significant positive correlation between kernel oil content and dry seed yield and between kernel oil content and dry kernel yield. The correlation between fatty acids was extremely significant except cis-11-eicosenoic acid. By using four principal components of characteristic value>1，a comprehensive evaluation function model based on oil tea plants in the low thermal valley area of Guizhou was established， and the top 10 C. oleifera Abel germplasms in the comprehensive score were selected（QC-8>QC-58>QC-21> QC-34>QC-32>QC-62>QC-30>QC-61>QC-59>QC-28）. Our findings indicated that single fruit weight，fresh seed yield，and dry seed yield of the 77 germplasms in the low thermal valley area of Guizhou are the traits with high breeding potential，while thickness of pericarp and other fatty acids，except linoleic acid，have high genetic stability. The dry seed yield and kernel oil content of C. oleifera Abel in the low thermal valley area of Guizhou were negatively correlated with all unsaturated fatty acids，except oleic acid. Collectively，this study provided elite germplasms QC-8，QC-58，and QC-21 as candidate parental line for breeding improved C. oleifera Abel varieties.
We attempted to study the fruit quality characters in 77 Camellia oleifera Abel germplasms derived from the unique low thermal valley area of Guizhou，in order to determine the C. oleifera Abel germplasm with the best performance applicable for breeding. Fifteen characters（Single fruit weight，diameter，height，pericarp thickness，fresh seed yield，dry seed yield，kernel yield，kernel oil content，palmitic acid，palmitoleic acid， stearic acid，oleic acid，linoleic acid，linolenic acid，cis-11-eicosenoic acid）were analysed. Principal component analysis was performed to reduce the dimensionality of the data，thereby reducing the 15 main characters to four independent comprehensive indices（or principal components）.The eigen value and contribution rate of the first principal component are 5.13 and 34.19%，respectively；the eigen value of principal component 2 is 3.03，and the contribution rate is 20.17%；the eigen value of principal component 3 is 2.33，and the contribution rate is 15.51%；the eigen value of principal component 4 is 1.25，and the contribution rate is 8.35%. Principal component 1 mainly represented the kernel oil content，principal component 2 mainly represented the single fruit weight，principal component 3 mainly represented the kernel yield，principal component 4 mainly represented the fresh seed yield. Functional expression analysis was performed to obtain the comprehensive score，followed by final ranking and screening. Among the 15 traits，single fruit weight，fresh seed yield，and dry seed yield showed abundant variations. Among the different fatty acids of C. oleifera Abel oils，including palmitoleic acid and cis-11-eicosenoic acid were extremely low（≤0.35%）. Different degrees of correlation were detected between the 15 major traits. There was a significant positive correlation between kernel oil content and dry seed yield and between kernel oil content and dry kernel yield. The correlation between fatty acids was extremely significant except cis-11-eicosenoic acid. By using four principal components of characteristic value>1，a comprehensive evaluation function model based on oil tea plants in the low thermal valley area of Guizhou was established， and the top 10 C. oleifera Abel germplasms in the comprehensive score were selected（QC-8>QC-58>QC-21> QC-34>QC-32>QC-62>QC-30>QC-61>QC-59>QC-28）. Our findings indicated that single fruit weight，fresh seed yield，and dry seed yield of the 77 germplasms in the low thermal valley area of Guizhou are the traits with high breeding potential，while thickness of pericarp and other fatty acids，except linoleic acid，have high genetic stability. The dry seed yield and kernel oil content of C. oleifera Abel in the low thermal valley area of Guizhou were negatively correlated with all unsaturated fatty acids，except oleic acid. Collectively，this study provided elite germplasms QC-8，QC-58，and QC-21 as candidate parental line for breeding improved C. oleifera Abel varieties.
LYU Wan-yu
,
GAO Yang
,
PAN Ao
,
ZHOU Juan
,
DU Zhao-hai
,
YUAN Yang
,
CHEN Yu
,
WANG Fu-rong
,
ZHANG Jun
2022, 23(3):800-810.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20211117001
Abstract:
Early maturity is one of the target traits in upland cotton（Gossypium hirsutum L.）breeding，and identification of QTL related to early-maturity is of practical value. In our study，we crossed early-maturity 019 line（EM019）with a late-maturing cultivar Lumianyan 37（LMY37），followed by continuous self-pollination and construction of a recombinant inbred line（RIL）population composed of 312 lines. The RIL population was planted in Linqing（2019，2020 and 2021）and Xinjiang（2019）. We used composite interval mapping （CIM）method to detect quantitative trait locus（QTLs）underlying the flowering time（FT），percentage of open bolls（POB），boll weight（BW）and lint percentage（LP）. A total of twenty-one early-maturity QTL had been identified，and seven QTL were detected with the additive effect ranging from 0.3 to 1.01，explaining 2.56%~17.71% of the phenotypic variation. Eight QTL associating with POB were identified with the additive effect of 5.81~-2.39，explaining 4.66%~20.44% of the phenotypic variation. These QTL were mainly distributed on Chromosomes A05，D03 andD08. A QTL cluster was found on Chromosome D08，in which 124 candidate genes were annotated based on the transcriptome data of LMY37 and EM019 at different true leaf stages under long and short day treatments. Three strong related genes namely GH_D08G0636，GH_D08G0684 and GH_ D08G0948，have been identified. Altogether，these QTL identified from this study provided insight for future deciphering the molecular mechanisms of early-maturity related traits in cotton.
Early maturity is one of the target traits in upland cotton（Gossypium hirsutum L.）breeding，and identification of QTL related to early-maturity is of practical value. In our study，we crossed early-maturity 019 line（EM019）with a late-maturing cultivar Lumianyan 37（LMY37），followed by continuous self-pollination and construction of a recombinant inbred line（RIL）population composed of 312 lines. The RIL population was planted in Linqing（2019，2020 and 2021）and Xinjiang（2019）. We used composite interval mapping （CIM）method to detect quantitative trait locus（QTLs）underlying the flowering time（FT），percentage of open bolls（POB），boll weight（BW）and lint percentage（LP）. A total of twenty-one early-maturity QTL had been identified，and seven QTL were detected with the additive effect ranging from 0.3 to 1.01，explaining 2.56%~17.71% of the phenotypic variation. Eight QTL associating with POB were identified with the additive effect of 5.81~-2.39，explaining 4.66%~20.44% of the phenotypic variation. These QTL were mainly distributed on Chromosomes A05，D03 andD08. A QTL cluster was found on Chromosome D08，in which 124 candidate genes were annotated based on the transcriptome data of LMY37 and EM019 at different true leaf stages under long and short day treatments. Three strong related genes namely GH_D08G0636，GH_D08G0684 and GH_ D08G0948，have been identified. Altogether，these QTL identified from this study provided insight for future deciphering the molecular mechanisms of early-maturity related traits in cotton.
2022, 23(4):964-971.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220118002
Abstract:
Fagopyrum cymosum（Trev.）Meisn. is a perennial medicinal plant (designated as buckwheat) of the genus Fagopyrum of the family Polygonaceae. In order to analyze the geographic distribution characteristics of wild F. cymosum in China and their genetic characteristics, relying on the Third National Survey and Collection of Crop Germplasm Resources, we conducted a survey in 13 provinces and 62 counties (cities and districts) in China. A total of 530 F. cymosum germplasm accessions were collected. The wild F. cymosum resources were found to be widely distributed in China, especially in the areas of E 90°.44′28″-119°.36′37″, N 24°.59′66″-33°.53′16″, with a preference in the subtropical monsoon climate area below 3500m. The inter-population diversity was observed regarding to the population quantity and genetic characteristics of F. cymosum, forming the distribution characteristics of high-altitude special type concentrated distribution area in Southeast Tibet, low-altitude genetic diversity enrichment area in Southwest China and low-altitude genetic type single area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. There are many excellent materials in the wild population, which can be developed and utilized in the fields of medicine, health care, animal husbandry, sightseeing and breeding. This study provided important reference in rare plant protection, taxonomic evolution of buckwheat, innovative utilization of germplasm resources and crop genetic improvement.
Fagopyrum cymosum（Trev.）Meisn. is a perennial medicinal plant (designated as buckwheat) of the genus Fagopyrum of the family Polygonaceae. In order to analyze the geographic distribution characteristics of wild F. cymosum in China and their genetic characteristics, relying on the Third National Survey and Collection of Crop Germplasm Resources, we conducted a survey in 13 provinces and 62 counties (cities and districts) in China. A total of 530 F. cymosum germplasm accessions were collected. The wild F. cymosum resources were found to be widely distributed in China, especially in the areas of E 90°.44′28″-119°.36′37″, N 24°.59′66″-33°.53′16″, with a preference in the subtropical monsoon climate area below 3500m. The inter-population diversity was observed regarding to the population quantity and genetic characteristics of F. cymosum, forming the distribution characteristics of high-altitude special type concentrated distribution area in Southeast Tibet, low-altitude genetic diversity enrichment area in Southwest China and low-altitude genetic type single area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. There are many excellent materials in the wild population, which can be developed and utilized in the fields of medicine, health care, animal husbandry, sightseeing and breeding. This study provided important reference in rare plant protection, taxonomic evolution of buckwheat, innovative utilization of germplasm resources and crop genetic improvement.
ZHAO Dan-qi
,
SONG Jiang-ping
,
JIA Hui-xia
,
ZHANG Xiao-hui
,
YANG Wen-long
,
WU Ya-hong
,
SONG Zhe
,
WANG Hai-ping
2022, 23(5):1258-1268.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220527002
Abstract:
Allium crop germplasm is ephemeral vegetable due to its short-lived seeds. Application of the conventional low-temperature preservation is difficult to achieve long-term preservation. It is therefore of great significance to set up the cryopreservation procedure specific to the allium germplasm. In the present study, through the orthogonal experiment of three factors with four levels, we examined the cryopreservation methods using 30 accessions of four allium vegetables (Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Sprengle, Allium fistulosum L. var. giganteum Makino, Allium porrum L. and Allium cepa L.). These results was evaluated by the germination rate of the seeds after cryopreservation if compared to the germination rate of the seeds without treatments. The results showed significant differences among the ANOVA experiments (P<0.05), while the optimal procedure was the A1B4C1 (without cryoprotectant PVS2 treatment, storage in liquid nitrogen, and rewarming for 4 h at 40°C before testing the germination rate). We also determined the physiological indexes of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content of cryopreservation seeds after seed rewarming. The MDA content of the seeds decreased after ultra-low temperature preservation of liquid nitrogen, while the SOD activity was higher than that of the control after the liquid nitrogen treatment. A decrease on the POD activity of A. tuberosum Rottler ex Sprengle, after liquid nitrogen treatment and an increase on the POD activity of A. porrum L., A. fistulosum L. var. giganteum Makino and A. cepa L. were detected. Collectively, these results provided optimal cryopreservation procedure for Allium vegetable germplasm resources.
Allium crop germplasm is ephemeral vegetable due to its short-lived seeds. Application of the conventional low-temperature preservation is difficult to achieve long-term preservation. It is therefore of great significance to set up the cryopreservation procedure specific to the allium germplasm. In the present study, through the orthogonal experiment of three factors with four levels, we examined the cryopreservation methods using 30 accessions of four allium vegetables (Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Sprengle, Allium fistulosum L. var. giganteum Makino, Allium porrum L. and Allium cepa L.). These results was evaluated by the germination rate of the seeds after cryopreservation if compared to the germination rate of the seeds without treatments. The results showed significant differences among the ANOVA experiments (P<0.05), while the optimal procedure was the A1B4C1 (without cryoprotectant PVS2 treatment, storage in liquid nitrogen, and rewarming for 4 h at 40°C before testing the germination rate). We also determined the physiological indexes of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content of cryopreservation seeds after seed rewarming. The MDA content of the seeds decreased after ultra-low temperature preservation of liquid nitrogen, while the SOD activity was higher than that of the control after the liquid nitrogen treatment. A decrease on the POD activity of A. tuberosum Rottler ex Sprengle, after liquid nitrogen treatment and an increase on the POD activity of A. porrum L., A. fistulosum L. var. giganteum Makino and A. cepa L. were detected. Collectively, these results provided optimal cryopreservation procedure for Allium vegetable germplasm resources.
2022, 23(6):1670-1681.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220427001
Abstract:
To clarify the genetic diversity of Actinidia Lindl. germplasm resources in Yunnan province of China and provide insights for future exploration and protection, this study conducted a field survey and collection in five regions including northeastern, eastern, southeastern, southern, and northwestern. 211 collected wild germplasm resources were subjected for morphology observation and fruit quality quantification (including sugar and acid and VC contents), and genotyped using ten SSR primer pairs. Most of these genotypes were classified belonging to the A. chinensis Planch and the A. deliciosa, and the remaining genotypes were the Jingli Actinidia Lindl, the purple-fruited Actinidia Lindl., and the Gongshan Actinidia Lindl. In Zhaotong city from northeastern Yunnan the abundant and extensive distribution of wild Actinidia Lindl germplasm resources were observed. The analysis on fruit morphological traits revealed a rich phenotypic diversity. The total sugar content of 66 resources ranged from 0.08% to 8.90%, and 57.58% of genotypes showed 0.08%-5% on total sugar content. 45 resources had total acid content ranging from 0.75% to 2.90%, and 71.11% of genotypes showed 1%-2%. The VC content of 61 resources ranged from 4.74-523 mg/100 g, and 78.69% of genotypes showing VC content below 100 mg/100 g, 19.67% of genotypes (VC content between 100-200 mg/100 g), and 1.64% of genotypes showing over 200 mg/100 g were observed. The significant diversity on the total sugar, total acid and VC content were identified in the wild resource collection. Based on the phenotypic datasets, seven elite wild germplasm resources were identified. Moreover, genotyping using 10 pairs of SSR primers produced 421 bands with 100% polymorphism, with an average effective allele number of 1.0772 and the Shannon's information index of 0.1246. These markers were able to classify 211 germplasm materials, implying the rich genetic diversity of Actinidia Lindl. germplasm resources. Collectively, this study provided useful germplasm resources to accelerate the research and utilization of Actinidia Lindl. germplasm resources in Yunnan province of China.
To clarify the genetic diversity of Actinidia Lindl. germplasm resources in Yunnan province of China and provide insights for future exploration and protection, this study conducted a field survey and collection in five regions including northeastern, eastern, southeastern, southern, and northwestern. 211 collected wild germplasm resources were subjected for morphology observation and fruit quality quantification (including sugar and acid and VC contents), and genotyped using ten SSR primer pairs. Most of these genotypes were classified belonging to the A. chinensis Planch and the A. deliciosa, and the remaining genotypes were the Jingli Actinidia Lindl, the purple-fruited Actinidia Lindl., and the Gongshan Actinidia Lindl. In Zhaotong city from northeastern Yunnan the abundant and extensive distribution of wild Actinidia Lindl germplasm resources were observed. The analysis on fruit morphological traits revealed a rich phenotypic diversity. The total sugar content of 66 resources ranged from 0.08% to 8.90%, and 57.58% of genotypes showed 0.08%-5% on total sugar content. 45 resources had total acid content ranging from 0.75% to 2.90%, and 71.11% of genotypes showed 1%-2%. The VC content of 61 resources ranged from 4.74-523 mg/100 g, and 78.69% of genotypes showing VC content below 100 mg/100 g, 19.67% of genotypes (VC content between 100-200 mg/100 g), and 1.64% of genotypes showing over 200 mg/100 g were observed. The significant diversity on the total sugar, total acid and VC content were identified in the wild resource collection. Based on the phenotypic datasets, seven elite wild germplasm resources were identified. Moreover, genotyping using 10 pairs of SSR primers produced 421 bands with 100% polymorphism, with an average effective allele number of 1.0772 and the Shannon's information index of 0.1246. These markers were able to classify 211 germplasm materials, implying the rich genetic diversity of Actinidia Lindl. germplasm resources. Collectively, this study provided useful germplasm resources to accelerate the research and utilization of Actinidia Lindl. germplasm resources in Yunnan province of China.
2023, 24(1):53-60.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220617002
Abstract:
Nucleolar dominance plays an important role in plant polyploidy. Polyploid can cope with the genetic changes in polyploidy via regulating the expression of rDNA genes to control the number of ribosomes. The rDNA gene expression regulation， which is controlled by the chromatin state rather than by the DNA sequence， is a large-scale and global pattern， and genes silencing usually occurs in the whole nucleolus region. Nucleolar dominance contributes to the protein synthesis and the genome stabilization. Chromosome elimination may be a way to response mechanism in polyploidy. Although the link between nucleolar dominance and chromosome elimination is supported by tremendous evidences， the genetic mechanism remains unclear， especially the genome specificity of chromosome elimination. Therefore， further research on the genetic mechanism will reveal the role of nucleolar dominance in the formation of polyploidy. The purpose of this study is to explain how plants cope with the genomic shock of polyploidy through nucleolar dominance， and to provide an insight in polyploidization.
Nucleolar dominance plays an important role in plant polyploidy. Polyploid can cope with the genetic changes in polyploidy via regulating the expression of rDNA genes to control the number of ribosomes. The rDNA gene expression regulation， which is controlled by the chromatin state rather than by the DNA sequence， is a large-scale and global pattern， and genes silencing usually occurs in the whole nucleolus region. Nucleolar dominance contributes to the protein synthesis and the genome stabilization. Chromosome elimination may be a way to response mechanism in polyploidy. Although the link between nucleolar dominance and chromosome elimination is supported by tremendous evidences， the genetic mechanism remains unclear， especially the genome specificity of chromosome elimination. Therefore， further research on the genetic mechanism will reveal the role of nucleolar dominance in the formation of polyploidy. The purpose of this study is to explain how plants cope with the genomic shock of polyploidy through nucleolar dominance， and to provide an insight in polyploidization.
8 Genetic Variation Analysis of Nutritional Quality Traits in Sesame with Different Seed Coat Colors
LUO Zi-shu
,
WANG Zhi-jian
,
ZHOU Wang-yi
,
DOSSOU Senouwa Segla Koffi
,
ZHOU Rong
,
ZHANG Yan-xin
,
LI Dong-hua
,
YOU Jun
,
WANG Lin-hai
2023, 24(2):365-375.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220919001
Abstract:
In order to analyze the quality characteristics of sesame seed with different colors， 13 nutritional quality traits of 157 sesame germplasm resources with different seed coat colors （white， yellow， brown， and black） were tested and analyzed in Wuhan and Zhumadian. The results showed that average oil content of 157 sesame germplasm was 52.96%， and the average contents of oleic acid， linoleic acid， sesamin， sesamolin， campesterol， and β-sitosterol were 40.65%， 44.32%， 2.67 mg/g， 1.61 mg/g， 1.22 mg/g and 2.96 mg/g， respectively. The average oil content decreased gradually with the deepening of seed coat color. The total sterol content was the highest in black sesame. The content of sesamin and sesamin was the highest in white sesame and the lowest in black sesame. Oleic acid content of yellow sesame and linoleic acid content of brown sesame were the highest. Oil content， oleic acid content， sesamin and sesamolin content of black sesame were significantly lower than those in white sesame， but no significant differences in contents of stearic acid， linoleic acid， arachidic acid， campesterol and β-sitosterol in sesame seeds with different colors were observed. Among the 13 nutritional quality traits， there were significant positive correlations between β-sitosterol and stigmasterol， Δ5-avenasterol and stigmasterol， sesamin and sesamolin， sesamin and oil content， sesamolin and campesterol， and significant negative correlations between oleic acid and linoleic acid. The correlation coefficients between Δ5-avenasterol and stigmasterol， sesamin and sesamolin were higher in black sesame than in sesame with other colors. The 157 sesame genotypes were divided into four subgroups by cluster analysis. The first and second subgroups were mainly brown black and yellow white sesame， respectively. The third subgroup contained high sesame materials， and the fourth subgroup contained high linoleic acid materials and high oil content materials. Collectively， this study explored the quality characteristics of sesame seed with different colors， which provided reference and excellent germplasm for utilization and genetic improvement of sesame germplasm resources.
In order to analyze the quality characteristics of sesame seed with different colors， 13 nutritional quality traits of 157 sesame germplasm resources with different seed coat colors （white， yellow， brown， and black） were tested and analyzed in Wuhan and Zhumadian. The results showed that average oil content of 157 sesame germplasm was 52.96%， and the average contents of oleic acid， linoleic acid， sesamin， sesamolin， campesterol， and β-sitosterol were 40.65%， 44.32%， 2.67 mg/g， 1.61 mg/g， 1.22 mg/g and 2.96 mg/g， respectively. The average oil content decreased gradually with the deepening of seed coat color. The total sterol content was the highest in black sesame. The content of sesamin and sesamin was the highest in white sesame and the lowest in black sesame. Oleic acid content of yellow sesame and linoleic acid content of brown sesame were the highest. Oil content， oleic acid content， sesamin and sesamolin content of black sesame were significantly lower than those in white sesame， but no significant differences in contents of stearic acid， linoleic acid， arachidic acid， campesterol and β-sitosterol in sesame seeds with different colors were observed. Among the 13 nutritional quality traits， there were significant positive correlations between β-sitosterol and stigmasterol， Δ5-avenasterol and stigmasterol， sesamin and sesamolin， sesamin and oil content， sesamolin and campesterol， and significant negative correlations between oleic acid and linoleic acid. The correlation coefficients between Δ5-avenasterol and stigmasterol， sesamin and sesamolin were higher in black sesame than in sesame with other colors. The 157 sesame genotypes were divided into four subgroups by cluster analysis. The first and second subgroups were mainly brown black and yellow white sesame， respectively. The third subgroup contained high sesame materials， and the fourth subgroup contained high linoleic acid materials and high oil content materials. Collectively， this study explored the quality characteristics of sesame seed with different colors， which provided reference and excellent germplasm for utilization and genetic improvement of sesame germplasm resources.
2023, 24(3):680-691.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20221104001
Abstract:
Paphiopedilum species are known as unique flower shape， gorgeous color， long ornamental period and have great ornamental and economic value. The classification of the genus is controversial. The diversity and correlation analysis of 27 phenotypic traits were carried out by investigating 29 species of Paphiopedilum， and cluster analysis was carried out based on the principal components of phenotypic traits. The results showed that the phenotypic traits of Paphiopedilum were rich in diversity. The variation range of genetic diversity index （H′） of 17 quantitative characters was 0.7834-2.0318. Among them， the strong variation characters with genetic diversity index greater than 2.0 were flower length and flower width， the weak variation character with genetic diversity index less than 1.0 was flower number， and the variation range of genetic diversity index of 10 quality characters was 0.5098-1.1241. The diversity indexes of petal shape and Lip main color were the highest， both exceeding 1.0， and the smallest were staminode bottom concave and anther type，from the results of diversity analysis， it can be seen that 29 species of Paphiopedilum have large differences in phenotypic traits among species， with rich diversity. The coefficients of variation （CV） of 17 quantitative traits ranged 18.22%-59.09%， the petal length/petal width and peduncle length exceeded 50%， the results showed that the interspecific phenotypic characters of Paphiopedilum palustratum were dispersed greatly.Correlation analysis showed that the phenotypic characters of Paphiopedilum were closely related and complex. Five principal components with eigenvalues greater than 1 were selected by principal component analysis， and the cumulative contribution rate was 84.176%， which could reflect most of the information of the phenotypic characters of Paphiopedilum， and the characters and indexes of flower organs had a great impact on the phenotypic diversity. Cluster analysis showed that 29 species of Paphiopedilum were divided into 6 groups， which was similar to other classification methods， but there were also some differences.
Paphiopedilum species are known as unique flower shape， gorgeous color， long ornamental period and have great ornamental and economic value. The classification of the genus is controversial. The diversity and correlation analysis of 27 phenotypic traits were carried out by investigating 29 species of Paphiopedilum， and cluster analysis was carried out based on the principal components of phenotypic traits. The results showed that the phenotypic traits of Paphiopedilum were rich in diversity. The variation range of genetic diversity index （H′） of 17 quantitative characters was 0.7834-2.0318. Among them， the strong variation characters with genetic diversity index greater than 2.0 were flower length and flower width， the weak variation character with genetic diversity index less than 1.0 was flower number， and the variation range of genetic diversity index of 10 quality characters was 0.5098-1.1241. The diversity indexes of petal shape and Lip main color were the highest， both exceeding 1.0， and the smallest were staminode bottom concave and anther type，from the results of diversity analysis， it can be seen that 29 species of Paphiopedilum have large differences in phenotypic traits among species， with rich diversity. The coefficients of variation （CV） of 17 quantitative traits ranged 18.22%-59.09%， the petal length/petal width and peduncle length exceeded 50%， the results showed that the interspecific phenotypic characters of Paphiopedilum palustratum were dispersed greatly.Correlation analysis showed that the phenotypic characters of Paphiopedilum were closely related and complex. Five principal components with eigenvalues greater than 1 were selected by principal component analysis， and the cumulative contribution rate was 84.176%， which could reflect most of the information of the phenotypic characters of Paphiopedilum， and the characters and indexes of flower organs had a great impact on the phenotypic diversity. Cluster analysis showed that 29 species of Paphiopedilum were divided into 6 groups， which was similar to other classification methods， but there were also some differences.
WANG Zong-yao
,
XU Shi-rui
,
JI Xia-jie
,
HAN Hai-ming
,
ZHANG Jin-peng
,
ZHOU Sheng-hui
,
YANG Xin-ming
,
LI Xiu-quan
,
LI Li-hui
,
LIU Wei-hua
2023, 24(4):944-953.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20221213003
Abstract:
Agropyron cristatum， as one of the important wild relatives of wheat， contains many excellent genes that are useful in wheat improvement. The wheat-A. cristatum addition line， which contains a complete A. cristatum chromosome， serves as an important bridge to utilize the A. cristatum derived excellent genes. As a perennial tetraploid outcrossing species that carries four haploid sub-genomes， the wheat-A. cristatum additional lines carrying each of different chromosomes from the same homologous group might represent the different agronomic characters. In this study， the heading time， plant type， panicle character， grain character， resistance to powdery mildew and leaf rust were identified and analyzed employing cytological identification， molecular marker detection， agronomic character investigation and disease resistance identification. The wheat-A. cristatum 2P addition line II-9-3 was genetically stable， compact， immune to leaf rust and highly resistant to powdery mildew， which could be used for plant architecture improvement and disease resistance breeding. Wheat-A. cristatum 2P addition line II-3-1b was observed with obvious reduction on plant height， early heading and immune to leaf rust， which could be used for plant height improvement and leaf rust resistance breeding. Wheat-A. cristatum 2P addition line II-23-72 is nearly immune to endemic leaf rust and powdery mildew species， and might be useful in disease-resistance breeding. These three 2P addition lines provided raw materials for further producing 2P translocation and deletion lines. These 2P addition lines with different characteristics on plant type， plant height and disease resistance， might provide a basis for future genetic mapping and effective use of excellent genes applicable in wheat.
Agropyron cristatum， as one of the important wild relatives of wheat， contains many excellent genes that are useful in wheat improvement. The wheat-A. cristatum addition line， which contains a complete A. cristatum chromosome， serves as an important bridge to utilize the A. cristatum derived excellent genes. As a perennial tetraploid outcrossing species that carries four haploid sub-genomes， the wheat-A. cristatum additional lines carrying each of different chromosomes from the same homologous group might represent the different agronomic characters. In this study， the heading time， plant type， panicle character， grain character， resistance to powdery mildew and leaf rust were identified and analyzed employing cytological identification， molecular marker detection， agronomic character investigation and disease resistance identification. The wheat-A. cristatum 2P addition line II-9-3 was genetically stable， compact， immune to leaf rust and highly resistant to powdery mildew， which could be used for plant architecture improvement and disease resistance breeding. Wheat-A. cristatum 2P addition line II-3-1b was observed with obvious reduction on plant height， early heading and immune to leaf rust， which could be used for plant height improvement and leaf rust resistance breeding. Wheat-A. cristatum 2P addition line II-23-72 is nearly immune to endemic leaf rust and powdery mildew species， and might be useful in disease-resistance breeding. These three 2P addition lines provided raw materials for further producing 2P translocation and deletion lines. These 2P addition lines with different characteristics on plant type， plant height and disease resistance， might provide a basis for future genetic mapping and effective use of excellent genes applicable in wheat.
2023, 24(5):1267-1276.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20230110002
Abstract:
By taking the opportunity of the Third National General Survey and Collection Action of Crop Germplasm Resources， rice landraces were investigated and collected from different counties and cities in Jiangxi province， P. R. China. From 2017 to 2019， 321 rice landraces were collected to identify the morphological characteristics， main agronomic traits， yield and quality traits in the field. Based on the collection sites， they were collected from 11 cities， with enrichments at six cities including Jiujiang， Shangrao， Yichun， Fuzhou， Jian and Ganzhou. These regions have more mountainous and impoverished with traffic inconvenience， in which farmers have the tradition to proceed food with rice landraces. There are two subspecies of Xian and Geng， mainly Xian， which can be divided into early rice， medium rice and late rice based on the maturity. The sticky rice and glutinous rice account for 38.0% and 62.0%. There have 35 red rice and purple black rice germplasm resources. These results showed that rice landraces germplasm resources with good genetic diversity in Jiangxi province， most of which are yellow， no or short awn， suitable panicle， moderate blade and stem angle， lodging resistance， and suitable seed holding. Fifteen elite germplasm resources with feasible head date， large panicle， high seed setting rate and big thousand grain weight， as well as 12 elite glutinous rice and colored rice were selected. Collectively， this study reported a resource of rice landraces which has great potential in breeding of new rice varieties.
By taking the opportunity of the Third National General Survey and Collection Action of Crop Germplasm Resources， rice landraces were investigated and collected from different counties and cities in Jiangxi province， P. R. China. From 2017 to 2019， 321 rice landraces were collected to identify the morphological characteristics， main agronomic traits， yield and quality traits in the field. Based on the collection sites， they were collected from 11 cities， with enrichments at six cities including Jiujiang， Shangrao， Yichun， Fuzhou， Jian and Ganzhou. These regions have more mountainous and impoverished with traffic inconvenience， in which farmers have the tradition to proceed food with rice landraces. There are two subspecies of Xian and Geng， mainly Xian， which can be divided into early rice， medium rice and late rice based on the maturity. The sticky rice and glutinous rice account for 38.0% and 62.0%. There have 35 red rice and purple black rice germplasm resources. These results showed that rice landraces germplasm resources with good genetic diversity in Jiangxi province， most of which are yellow， no or short awn， suitable panicle， moderate blade and stem angle， lodging resistance， and suitable seed holding. Fifteen elite germplasm resources with feasible head date， large panicle， high seed setting rate and big thousand grain weight， as well as 12 elite glutinous rice and colored rice were selected. Collectively， this study reported a resource of rice landraces which has great potential in breeding of new rice varieties.
2023, 24(6):1546-1557.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20230507002
Abstract:
The genus Hordeum belongs to the Triticeae tribe of the Poaceae family. The Hordeum species are distributed in wide geographical regions showing diversified local climates， making them as important adapted germplasm resources facing climatic changes. However， the morphological similarity among Hordeum species often complicated their classification on efficiency and accuracy in the survey and germplasm collection. The construction of the retrieving key of Hordeum species and a unique electronic ‘identity card’ for each species will provide an reference for species classification and rapid identification of Hordeum species， valuable in the survey， collection， evaluation and utilization of Hordeum germplasm resources. In this study， 38 accessions of 32 Hordeum species were grown under greenhouse conditions in 2020 and 2021， in order to investigate 45 qualitative and 15 quantitative traits. Based on photographing important phenotypes such as whole plant， spike， and triple spikelets， as well as analyzing the subtle differences， each Hordeum species was classified. As a result， a taxonomic key table for the Hordeum species and the electronic identity card for each species were achieved.
The genus Hordeum belongs to the Triticeae tribe of the Poaceae family. The Hordeum species are distributed in wide geographical regions showing diversified local climates， making them as important adapted germplasm resources facing climatic changes. However， the morphological similarity among Hordeum species often complicated their classification on efficiency and accuracy in the survey and germplasm collection. The construction of the retrieving key of Hordeum species and a unique electronic ‘identity card’ for each species will provide an reference for species classification and rapid identification of Hordeum species， valuable in the survey， collection， evaluation and utilization of Hordeum germplasm resources. In this study， 38 accessions of 32 Hordeum species were grown under greenhouse conditions in 2020 and 2021， in order to investigate 45 qualitative and 15 quantitative traits. Based on photographing important phenotypes such as whole plant， spike， and triple spikelets， as well as analyzing the subtle differences， each Hordeum species was classified. As a result， a taxonomic key table for the Hordeum species and the electronic identity card for each species were achieved.
You are the th visitor
京ICP备09069690号-23
® 2024 All Rights Reserved
Supported by:Beijing E-Tiller Technology Development Co., Ltd.
® 2024 All Rights Reserved
Supported by:Beijing E-Tiller Technology Development Co., Ltd.