CHEN Zheng-jie
,
WAN Yong-lu
,
ZHONG Wen-juan
,
CHEN Si-wei
,
ZHOU Yong-hang
,
SHI Sheng-jia
,
JANG Li
,
JI Pei-cheng
,
YANG Ze-hu
,
MAO Zheng-xuan
,
Mou Fang-sheng
2021, 22(3):815-833.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20201028003
Abstract:
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is one of the important grain and oil crops in China, and vegetable soybean is a nutrition-rich vegetable crop. However, few InDel markers are known for convenient use in soybean. In this study, 18 soybeans were tested for resequencing analysis, with InDel loci mined on the basis of the resequencing datasets, and the effectivity and application value of the InDel markers validated. After strict screening, 17,977 highly polymorphic InDel loci with Insert/Delete of 13-50 bp suitable for agarose gel electrophoresis detection were obtained. There were from 505 to 1355 InDel markers on each chromosome, and the average distribution density was 12.60-35.76 InDel/Mb across the chromosomes. Among the 73 InDel markers randomly selected for effectivity validation in 18 soybeans, 43 (56.16%) of the InDel markers showed polymorphism. Of those 73 InDel markers, 25 polymorphic InDel markers were used for genetic diversity analysis in 192 soybeans (including 64 vegetable soybeans, 65 spring soybeans, 36 summer soybeans, 19 landraces and 8 wild soybeans). The polymorphic information content (PIC) for each InDel marker was between 0.17 and 0.46 with an average of 0.35, and the 192 soybeans were classified into 24 groups with the different types in different groups. Among them, the vegetable soybeans were mainly classified into the 3# group with the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.66 and a few vegetable soybeans were classified into the 1# group with the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.71, which suggested that the genetic background of vegetable soybeans in China are relatively narrow, and we should select soybean lines with small genetic similarity coefficient as parents for breeding in future to enrich the genetic background. The 25 polymorphic InDel markers were also used to verify the F1 from 13 hybrid combinations, which agreed with the phenotypic identification, indicating the usefulness of the InDel markers developed for F1 identification. Taken together, the polymorphic InDel markers developed in this study will be widely used in genetic diversity analysis, hybrid identification, genetic linkage map construction, gene mapping and molecular marker assisted selection breeding in soybean.
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is one of the important grain and oil crops in China, and vegetable soybean is a nutrition-rich vegetable crop. However, few InDel markers are known for convenient use in soybean. In this study, 18 soybeans were tested for resequencing analysis, with InDel loci mined on the basis of the resequencing datasets, and the effectivity and application value of the InDel markers validated. After strict screening, 17,977 highly polymorphic InDel loci with Insert/Delete of 13-50 bp suitable for agarose gel electrophoresis detection were obtained. There were from 505 to 1355 InDel markers on each chromosome, and the average distribution density was 12.60-35.76 InDel/Mb across the chromosomes. Among the 73 InDel markers randomly selected for effectivity validation in 18 soybeans, 43 (56.16%) of the InDel markers showed polymorphism. Of those 73 InDel markers, 25 polymorphic InDel markers were used for genetic diversity analysis in 192 soybeans (including 64 vegetable soybeans, 65 spring soybeans, 36 summer soybeans, 19 landraces and 8 wild soybeans). The polymorphic information content (PIC) for each InDel marker was between 0.17 and 0.46 with an average of 0.35, and the 192 soybeans were classified into 24 groups with the different types in different groups. Among them, the vegetable soybeans were mainly classified into the 3# group with the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.66 and a few vegetable soybeans were classified into the 1# group with the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.71, which suggested that the genetic background of vegetable soybeans in China are relatively narrow, and we should select soybean lines with small genetic similarity coefficient as parents for breeding in future to enrich the genetic background. The 25 polymorphic InDel markers were also used to verify the F1 from 13 hybrid combinations, which agreed with the phenotypic identification, indicating the usefulness of the InDel markers developed for F1 identification. Taken together, the polymorphic InDel markers developed in this study will be widely used in genetic diversity analysis, hybrid identification, genetic linkage map construction, gene mapping and molecular marker assisted selection breeding in soybean.
2019, 20(4):813-828.
Abstract:
The genus Fagopyrum Mill. is an important crop which can be used as food, forage and medicine. China is the largest producer of tartary buckwheat and the world’s diversity center of buckwheat., while the southwest China is internationally recognized as the original-land of buckwheat. The crop germplasm are fundamental materials for production, cultivar development and biotechnology research, which is of great importance and potential values. Since the 1980s, Chinese researchers has collected more than 3000 cultivated germplasm resources, of which more than 2200 are preserved in the long-term bank. The extremely abundant and rich diversified germplasm resources have spread all around the world after the natural evolution, artificial cultivation and introduction. This review summarized the common buckwheat and tartary buckwheat distribution,,collection and preservation, as well as the identification and evaluation of agronomic characters and nutritional quality of germplasm resource in recent 40 years. Meanwhile, this paper introduced the progress of collection and evaluation of buckwheat germplasm resources in other countries and organizations, which may provide the reference for the protection and rational utilization of these precious germplasm resources. What’s more,, we summarized the wild buckwheat species (including varietas and subspecies) and their distribution status, including their main characteristics and variation, and summed up the research about development and utilization of different species. Except for a few species, such as F. cymosum, most of wild buckwheat resources were widely distributed in the southwest of China, and mainly inhabited in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Sichuan border area. Finally, the study discussed the insufficiency and expectation in exploitation of buckwheat germplasm resources, and put following suggestions for the future researches:(1)Continuously improve the evaluation and quality identification of the buckwheat germplasm resources, and establish a comprehensive, systematic and quantitative evaluation system for the agronomic traits, nutrient components, processing quality, taste quality. (2)To promote buckwheat industry development healthily, orderly and quickly, developing the potential crop distribution and economic value of buckwheat and accelerating the breeding based on original and introduced germplasms . (3) More attention should be paid to the problems in the deterioration of living environment of wild buckwheat. Especially the living environment of some wild species(F. statice, F. gilesii, F. crispatofolium and F. hailuogouense) get worse, and the area scatters narrower. It is urgent to intensify the rescue investigation, collection and protection of wild resources.(4) Making further analysis on the functions of key genes and regulatory genes in the biosynthesis pathway of buckwheat flavonoids, especially rutin, and the mechanism of molecular regulatory network at the molecular level.
The genus Fagopyrum Mill. is an important crop which can be used as food, forage and medicine. China is the largest producer of tartary buckwheat and the world’s diversity center of buckwheat., while the southwest China is internationally recognized as the original-land of buckwheat. The crop germplasm are fundamental materials for production, cultivar development and biotechnology research, which is of great importance and potential values. Since the 1980s, Chinese researchers has collected more than 3000 cultivated germplasm resources, of which more than 2200 are preserved in the long-term bank. The extremely abundant and rich diversified germplasm resources have spread all around the world after the natural evolution, artificial cultivation and introduction. This review summarized the common buckwheat and tartary buckwheat distribution,,collection and preservation, as well as the identification and evaluation of agronomic characters and nutritional quality of germplasm resource in recent 40 years. Meanwhile, this paper introduced the progress of collection and evaluation of buckwheat germplasm resources in other countries and organizations, which may provide the reference for the protection and rational utilization of these precious germplasm resources. What’s more,, we summarized the wild buckwheat species (including varietas and subspecies) and their distribution status, including their main characteristics and variation, and summed up the research about development and utilization of different species. Except for a few species, such as F. cymosum, most of wild buckwheat resources were widely distributed in the southwest of China, and mainly inhabited in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Sichuan border area. Finally, the study discussed the insufficiency and expectation in exploitation of buckwheat germplasm resources, and put following suggestions for the future researches:(1)Continuously improve the evaluation and quality identification of the buckwheat germplasm resources, and establish a comprehensive, systematic and quantitative evaluation system for the agronomic traits, nutrient components, processing quality, taste quality. (2)To promote buckwheat industry development healthily, orderly and quickly, developing the potential crop distribution and economic value of buckwheat and accelerating the breeding based on original and introduced germplasms . (3) More attention should be paid to the problems in the deterioration of living environment of wild buckwheat. Especially the living environment of some wild species(F. statice, F. gilesii, F. crispatofolium and F. hailuogouense) get worse, and the area scatters narrower. It is urgent to intensify the rescue investigation, collection and protection of wild resources.(4) Making further analysis on the functions of key genes and regulatory genes in the biosynthesis pathway of buckwheat flavonoids, especially rutin, and the mechanism of molecular regulatory network at the molecular level.
GAO Yan
,
TANG Jian-wei
,
ZOU Shao-kui
,
HU Run-yu
,
ZHANG Gen-yuan
,
SUN Yu-xia
,
WANG Lei
,
YIN Gui-hong
2021, 22(1):38-49.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20200419002
Abstract:
Zhoumai 22 is not only the major cultivar in China, but also has become an important breeding parent in Huang-huai river valley winter wheat region. In order to reveal the genetic diversity and contributions of Zhoumai 22 to its derivatives and provide a reference for parent selection, we analyzed 106 derived varieties (lines) of Zhoumai 22 by genealogy and selected its earlier derived 80 varieties (lines) for SNP genotyping using the Affymetrix 55K SNP chip. The results showed that the 106 derivative lines of Zhoumai 22 involved 82 direct parents, and the main ones used as the opponent parents were Bainong AK58、Zhoumai 24, Zhoumai 18, Luomai 21, Zhoumai 16, Zhoumai 19, etc. These parents were directly or indirectly derived from Zhou 8425B and Zhoumai 9 and belonged to the "Zhoumai" consanguinity family. Of the A、B、D genomes, the B genome has the largest number of polymorphic loci, the D genome has the least number of polymorphic loci, but the ratio of polymorphism SNP to raw SNP number of A and D genomes is basically the same. Genetic similarity between Zhoumai 22 and 80 derived varieties (lines) ranged 0.392~0.856 with an average of 0.685, while genetic similarity among the derived lines varied from 0.381 to 0.991 with an average of 0.676. There were some genetic diversity differences among Zhoumai 22 and its derivatives. The 81 varieties were divided into 8 subpopulations, of which the I、II、III and IV subpopulations had richer genetic diversity and the V、VI、VII and VIII subpopulations was insufficient on genetic diversity. Through the polymerization of high quality protein subunits and differential selection, the new wheat varieties with high yield and multi-resistance and high quality characteristics were bred, such as Zhoumai 26, Cunmai 8, Zhoumai 36, Cunmai 11 and so on.
Zhoumai 22 is not only the major cultivar in China, but also has become an important breeding parent in Huang-huai river valley winter wheat region. In order to reveal the genetic diversity and contributions of Zhoumai 22 to its derivatives and provide a reference for parent selection, we analyzed 106 derived varieties (lines) of Zhoumai 22 by genealogy and selected its earlier derived 80 varieties (lines) for SNP genotyping using the Affymetrix 55K SNP chip. The results showed that the 106 derivative lines of Zhoumai 22 involved 82 direct parents, and the main ones used as the opponent parents were Bainong AK58、Zhoumai 24, Zhoumai 18, Luomai 21, Zhoumai 16, Zhoumai 19, etc. These parents were directly or indirectly derived from Zhou 8425B and Zhoumai 9 and belonged to the "Zhoumai" consanguinity family. Of the A、B、D genomes, the B genome has the largest number of polymorphic loci, the D genome has the least number of polymorphic loci, but the ratio of polymorphism SNP to raw SNP number of A and D genomes is basically the same. Genetic similarity between Zhoumai 22 and 80 derived varieties (lines) ranged 0.392~0.856 with an average of 0.685, while genetic similarity among the derived lines varied from 0.381 to 0.991 with an average of 0.676. There were some genetic diversity differences among Zhoumai 22 and its derivatives. The 81 varieties were divided into 8 subpopulations, of which the I、II、III and IV subpopulations had richer genetic diversity and the V、VI、VII and VIII subpopulations was insufficient on genetic diversity. Through the polymerization of high quality protein subunits and differential selection, the new wheat varieties with high yield and multi-resistance and high quality characteristics were bred, such as Zhoumai 26, Cunmai 8, Zhoumai 36, Cunmai 11 and so on.
2019, 20(2):267-275.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20180815003
Abstract:
Soil salinization serves as one of the important abiotic stresses, which might result in reduction of rice production. Breeding for salinity tolerance of rice is an effective way to prevent yield loss, and a comprehensive and precise evaluation of salt-toleranceduring the whole growth stage therefore becomes of interest. In this study, 19 rice varieties with levels of saline tolerance were tested under different salt concentration conditions, and 11 agronomic-related traits were investigated. Furthermore, the optimum concentration of salt tolerance was determined by using interquartile range method between varieties. The saline with maximum showed that the salt tolerance coefficient of 11 agronomic traits can be reduced to 3 principal components. By using the principal interquartile range between varieties was supposed to be the optimum stress environment. Because under this saline, the rice varieties shown the maximum genetic variation which measure by interquartile range between varieties. A series of comprehensive multivariate statistical analysis method, included principal component analysis, membership function analysis, stepwise regression analysis and cluster analysis, was used to explore the rational evaluation method of salt tolerance of rice during the whole growth stage. The results showed that under 0.3% salinity, between varieties，the salt tolerance coefficient of most traits shown the highest interquartile range. The0.3% salinity was the optimum concentration for identification saline tolerance in rice. The results of principal component analysis component contribution rate and membership function analysis, the three principal component values can be further simplified into the comprehensive evaluation index of rice saline tolerance: D value. D value can be used to evaluate the salt tolerance of rice germplasm simply and accurately. It can realize the comprehensive evaluation of salt tolerance of rice germplasm. In this study, we also used stepwise regression analysis to establish the optimal linear regression equation for the salt tolerance coefficient of 11 agronomic traits and D value: D=-0.365+0.647PL+0.152PN+0.274TW. Through stepwise regression analysis, the saline tolerance coefficient of spike length, spike grain number and total weight was the key indicator of D value. The saline tolerance of 19 rice germplasm can be divided into 5 grades by cluster analysis, corresponding to 5 salt tolerance grades of rice. It can be regarded as an important reference for salt tolerance evaluation of other rice germplasm. This study provides a comprehensive, objective and accurate method for the identification and evaluation of saline tolerance in rice during the whole growth stage, which can be used as an important basis for the identification and evaluation of saline tolerance in rice during the whole growth stage.
Soil salinization serves as one of the important abiotic stresses, which might result in reduction of rice production. Breeding for salinity tolerance of rice is an effective way to prevent yield loss, and a comprehensive and precise evaluation of salt-toleranceduring the whole growth stage therefore becomes of interest. In this study, 19 rice varieties with levels of saline tolerance were tested under different salt concentration conditions, and 11 agronomic-related traits were investigated. Furthermore, the optimum concentration of salt tolerance was determined by using interquartile range method between varieties. The saline with maximum showed that the salt tolerance coefficient of 11 agronomic traits can be reduced to 3 principal components. By using the principal interquartile range between varieties was supposed to be the optimum stress environment. Because under this saline, the rice varieties shown the maximum genetic variation which measure by interquartile range between varieties. A series of comprehensive multivariate statistical analysis method, included principal component analysis, membership function analysis, stepwise regression analysis and cluster analysis, was used to explore the rational evaluation method of salt tolerance of rice during the whole growth stage. The results showed that under 0.3% salinity, between varieties，the salt tolerance coefficient of most traits shown the highest interquartile range. The0.3% salinity was the optimum concentration for identification saline tolerance in rice. The results of principal component analysis component contribution rate and membership function analysis, the three principal component values can be further simplified into the comprehensive evaluation index of rice saline tolerance: D value. D value can be used to evaluate the salt tolerance of rice germplasm simply and accurately. It can realize the comprehensive evaluation of salt tolerance of rice germplasm. In this study, we also used stepwise regression analysis to establish the optimal linear regression equation for the salt tolerance coefficient of 11 agronomic traits and D value: D=-0.365+0.647PL+0.152PN+0.274TW. Through stepwise regression analysis, the saline tolerance coefficient of spike length, spike grain number and total weight was the key indicator of D value. The saline tolerance of 19 rice germplasm can be divided into 5 grades by cluster analysis, corresponding to 5 salt tolerance grades of rice. It can be regarded as an important reference for salt tolerance evaluation of other rice germplasm. This study provides a comprehensive, objective and accurate method for the identification and evaluation of saline tolerance in rice during the whole growth stage, which can be used as an important basis for the identification and evaluation of saline tolerance in rice during the whole growth stage.
2022, 23(5):1393-1399.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220225002
Abstract:
To understand the genus Fragaria resources distributed in the south of Qinling Mountain in Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province of China, the wild strawberries were surveyed during 2019-2021 (latitude, 32°49′46″ to 33°19′38″; longitude, 106°09′23″ to 106°40′23″). The investigation sites include eight villages of three counties (Mengjiahe Village and Wangjiazhuang Village in Lueyang County; Erliba Village and Dashuya Village in Ningqiang County; Liziba Village, Lijiagou Village, Qiuqiya Village and Toudaohe Village in Mi'an County). A total of 57 wild strawberry accessions were collected in this survey. These accessions were identified and classified into three Fragaria species including Fragaria nilgerrensis Schlect., F. chinensis Lozinsk. and F. pentaphylla Lozinsk. (white-fruited), and two types including F. pentaphylla pink-fruited genotype and F. pentaphylla red-fruited genotype through botanical character observation and ploidy identification. Among them, F. pentaphylla was found to be predominant in population. These wild strawberries were found in the vertical space of 849 - 1352 m above sea level, such as mountains, forests, streams, roadsides, barren fields and rock walls. We provided the characters of the collected Fragaria species in detail, and proposed the suggestions on the protection and utilization of local wild strawberry resources.
To understand the genus Fragaria resources distributed in the south of Qinling Mountain in Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province of China, the wild strawberries were surveyed during 2019-2021 (latitude, 32°49′46″ to 33°19′38″; longitude, 106°09′23″ to 106°40′23″). The investigation sites include eight villages of three counties (Mengjiahe Village and Wangjiazhuang Village in Lueyang County; Erliba Village and Dashuya Village in Ningqiang County; Liziba Village, Lijiagou Village, Qiuqiya Village and Toudaohe Village in Mi'an County). A total of 57 wild strawberry accessions were collected in this survey. These accessions were identified and classified into three Fragaria species including Fragaria nilgerrensis Schlect., F. chinensis Lozinsk. and F. pentaphylla Lozinsk. (white-fruited), and two types including F. pentaphylla pink-fruited genotype and F. pentaphylla red-fruited genotype through botanical character observation and ploidy identification. Among them, F. pentaphylla was found to be predominant in population. These wild strawberries were found in the vertical space of 849 - 1352 m above sea level, such as mountains, forests, streams, roadsides, barren fields and rock walls. We provided the characters of the collected Fragaria species in detail, and proposed the suggestions on the protection and utilization of local wild strawberry resources.
2018, 19(4):685-693.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20171107001
Abstract:
Foxtail millet with strong salt resistance and drought resistance was recognized as an important grain crop in North China. It played vital important role in ensuring the food security in arid and poor areas, especially in the adjustment and optimization of agricultural planting structure in saline and alkaline soil which is an important reserve cultivated land resource in China.In present study, 63 accessions of foxtail millet were employed as experimental material, and were cultivated in total nutrient germination medium that exposed to 1.0% salinity regimes for salt stress identification at germination stage. Deionized water without salinity was used as control, and kept in artificial climate incubator(day/night，30℃/20℃，photoperiod 14h/d) . Correlation analysis and principal component analysis were employed to evaluate the role of eight salt tolerance-related indexes. Membership function analysis and cluster analysis were also evaluated to identify the grade of salt tolerance of foxtail millet germplasm. The results showed that: There is wide variation of salt tolerance in foxtail millet germplasm resources. Under 1% concentration of salt, the germination rate, germination index, root length, germinal length, relative germinal length and relative root length of plant were positively correlated with each other, and the relative salt harm rate has a significant negative correlation with the 6 indexes. According to principal component analysis, germination rate percentage, germination index, relative germinal length and relative root length were used as indexes to evaluate salt tolerance of foxtail millet; 63 millet germplasm are divided into extreme salt tolerant germplasm, salt tolerant germplasm, salt sensitive germplasm, extreme salt sensitive germplasm with cluster analysis. Therefore, Fenghonggu, Jinfen 106, Jingu57, Fente11, Jigu 16 was selected as relative salt tolerant germplasm with comprehensive evaluation of membership function score based on Fuzzy Mathematics.
Foxtail millet with strong salt resistance and drought resistance was recognized as an important grain crop in North China. It played vital important role in ensuring the food security in arid and poor areas, especially in the adjustment and optimization of agricultural planting structure in saline and alkaline soil which is an important reserve cultivated land resource in China.In present study, 63 accessions of foxtail millet were employed as experimental material, and were cultivated in total nutrient germination medium that exposed to 1.0% salinity regimes for salt stress identification at germination stage. Deionized water without salinity was used as control, and kept in artificial climate incubator(day/night，30℃/20℃，photoperiod 14h/d) . Correlation analysis and principal component analysis were employed to evaluate the role of eight salt tolerance-related indexes. Membership function analysis and cluster analysis were also evaluated to identify the grade of salt tolerance of foxtail millet germplasm. The results showed that: There is wide variation of salt tolerance in foxtail millet germplasm resources. Under 1% concentration of salt, the germination rate, germination index, root length, germinal length, relative germinal length and relative root length of plant were positively correlated with each other, and the relative salt harm rate has a significant negative correlation with the 6 indexes. According to principal component analysis, germination rate percentage, germination index, relative germinal length and relative root length were used as indexes to evaluate salt tolerance of foxtail millet; 63 millet germplasm are divided into extreme salt tolerant germplasm, salt tolerant germplasm, salt sensitive germplasm, extreme salt sensitive germplasm with cluster analysis. Therefore, Fenghonggu, Jinfen 106, Jingu57, Fente11, Jigu 16 was selected as relative salt tolerant germplasm with comprehensive evaluation of membership function score based on Fuzzy Mathematics.
2022, 23(3):787-799.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20211218001
Abstract:
DELLA proteins are known as negative regulators of gibberellin involved in plant flowering. Eight DELLA genes were identified in soybean genome by sequence alignment with Arabidopsis thaliana（L.） Heynh. DELLA orthologs GmGAI3a has only one GRAS domain，and the other seven DELLA proteins have both DELLA domain and GRAS domain. By performing gene-based association analysis of flowering time in natural population，soybean DELLA haplotypes associating with early-flowering have been detected in soybean accessions collected from the middle and high latitude of China，speculating DELLA genes as negative factors in regulating flowering. CRISPR/Cas9-based editing in soybean hairy root system revealed the editing efficiency at the target sites. Identification of the CRISPR/Cas9 targets of seven DELLA genes provided references for generating stable transgenic DELLA mutants for deciphering their biological functions.
DELLA proteins are known as negative regulators of gibberellin involved in plant flowering. Eight DELLA genes were identified in soybean genome by sequence alignment with Arabidopsis thaliana（L.） Heynh. DELLA orthologs GmGAI3a has only one GRAS domain，and the other seven DELLA proteins have both DELLA domain and GRAS domain. By performing gene-based association analysis of flowering time in natural population，soybean DELLA haplotypes associating with early-flowering have been detected in soybean accessions collected from the middle and high latitude of China，speculating DELLA genes as negative factors in regulating flowering. CRISPR/Cas9-based editing in soybean hairy root system revealed the editing efficiency at the target sites. Identification of the CRISPR/Cas9 targets of seven DELLA genes provided references for generating stable transgenic DELLA mutants for deciphering their biological functions.
Li hai-ming
,
Liu shao-dong
,
Zhang si-ping
,
Li yang
,
Chen jing
,
Ma hui-juan
,
Shen qian
,
Zhao xin-hua
,
Li cun-dong
,
Pang chao-you
2019, 20(3):583-597.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20181008003
Abstract:
By identifying the ability of drought resistance and screening indices at flowering and boll setting stage of upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.), this study aimed to provide the materials and a theoretical basis for drought-resistant breeding and cultivation. 153 varieties (lines) were planted under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions, while the drought treatment was conducted by using reduced water at flowering and boll setting stage. Several agronomical traits, including means of plant height, lint percentage, single boll weight, the first node of fruit branch, initial internodes of fruiting branch, effective boll number, fruit branch number, cotton seed yield, fiber length (mm), specific breaking length, uniformity and micronaire, were measured. The statistical analysis was conducted by combination with the comprehensive drought coefficient, membership function, principal component analysis, association analysis and clustering analysis. The agronomic traits of upland cotton varieties (lines) represented large variation upon drought stress treatment. The ranks of drought resistance of tested upland cotton varieties (lines) based on D value. According to clustering results of D value, these upland cotton varieties (lines) could be divided into five types. Type 1(Strongly resistant) included 5 cotton varieties, type 2(Resistant) had 35 cotton varieties, type 3(Modetarely resistant) had 57 cotton varieties, type 4(Modetarely sensitive) had 56 cotton varieties and type 5(Sensitive) had 1 cotton variety. The yield of tested upland cotton varieties (lines) had significant and positive correlation with D (drought resistance comprehensive evaluation) value, CDC (comprehensive drought resistance coefficient) value and WDC (weight drought resistance coefficient) value. Finally, we identified two varieties Israel 1101 and yanzao 2, which were identified as drought resistant and sensitive upland cotton varieties at flowering and boll setting stage, respectively. Plant height, yield, single boll weight, effective boll number and height of the first branch could be used as the identification indices for drought resistance in upland cotton germplasm resources at flowering and boll setting stage.
By identifying the ability of drought resistance and screening indices at flowering and boll setting stage of upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.), this study aimed to provide the materials and a theoretical basis for drought-resistant breeding and cultivation. 153 varieties (lines) were planted under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions, while the drought treatment was conducted by using reduced water at flowering and boll setting stage. Several agronomical traits, including means of plant height, lint percentage, single boll weight, the first node of fruit branch, initial internodes of fruiting branch, effective boll number, fruit branch number, cotton seed yield, fiber length (mm), specific breaking length, uniformity and micronaire, were measured. The statistical analysis was conducted by combination with the comprehensive drought coefficient, membership function, principal component analysis, association analysis and clustering analysis. The agronomic traits of upland cotton varieties (lines) represented large variation upon drought stress treatment. The ranks of drought resistance of tested upland cotton varieties (lines) based on D value. According to clustering results of D value, these upland cotton varieties (lines) could be divided into five types. Type 1(Strongly resistant) included 5 cotton varieties, type 2(Resistant) had 35 cotton varieties, type 3(Modetarely resistant) had 57 cotton varieties, type 4(Modetarely sensitive) had 56 cotton varieties and type 5(Sensitive) had 1 cotton variety. The yield of tested upland cotton varieties (lines) had significant and positive correlation with D (drought resistance comprehensive evaluation) value, CDC (comprehensive drought resistance coefficient) value and WDC (weight drought resistance coefficient) value. Finally, we identified two varieties Israel 1101 and yanzao 2, which were identified as drought resistant and sensitive upland cotton varieties at flowering and boll setting stage, respectively. Plant height, yield, single boll weight, effective boll number and height of the first branch could be used as the identification indices for drought resistance in upland cotton germplasm resources at flowering and boll setting stage.
2019, 20(4):903-910.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20181025003
Abstract:
In this study, we analyzed the phenotypic variation of seven agronomic traits and five fiber quality traits were analyzed in 270 cotton germplasm resources. We expected to identify the upland cotton germplasm materials suitable for trait improvement, particularly interested in the Yellow River Basin and the selection of parents in future breeding work. Twelve agronomic traits showed different levels of genetic variation (boll number per plant, 24.2%; first branch length, 17.5%; first branch position, 14.1%; boll weight, 13.3%; micronaire value, 11.1%; plant height, 11.0%; lint percentage, 10.9%; fruit branch number per plant, 9.6%; fiber strength, 8.6%; upper half mean length, 6.3%; elongation ratio, 2.0%; and regularity degree, 1.6%). The upper half mean length positively correlated with plant height, and negatively correlated with micronaire value; the lint percentage positively correlated with either plant height or fiber strength, and negatively correlated with fruit branch number per plant; the micronaire value positively correlated with the elongation ratio; and the boll number per plant positively correlated with the first branch position. The cumulative contribution of the top four principal factors reached 67.358% in the principal component analysis. The first principal factor was mainly related to fiber quality; the second was mainly related to boll number per plant and first branch length; the third was mainly related to fruit branch number per plant; and the fourth was mainly related to first fruit branch number per plant position. Cluster analysis classified 270 cotton germplasms into six groups. Therefore, the cotton resources of the first cluster can be used as materials to improve the upper half mean length and fiber strength of cotton. SIMIAN 2, NANDANBADIDAHUA, EKANGMIAN8, and Qik can be used as materials for improving cotton yield; LIAO113, JUNMIAN1, LIAOYANGLVRONGMIAN, and BAO2367 can be used to improve the cotton micronaire value; and SHANSANYUAN78-782 can be used to improve the cotton type. Thus, this work provided a theoretical basis for cotton breeding by pyramiding these elite traits during breeding to cultivate new varieties and strains.
In this study, we analyzed the phenotypic variation of seven agronomic traits and five fiber quality traits were analyzed in 270 cotton germplasm resources. We expected to identify the upland cotton germplasm materials suitable for trait improvement, particularly interested in the Yellow River Basin and the selection of parents in future breeding work. Twelve agronomic traits showed different levels of genetic variation (boll number per plant, 24.2%; first branch length, 17.5%; first branch position, 14.1%; boll weight, 13.3%; micronaire value, 11.1%; plant height, 11.0%; lint percentage, 10.9%; fruit branch number per plant, 9.6%; fiber strength, 8.6%; upper half mean length, 6.3%; elongation ratio, 2.0%; and regularity degree, 1.6%). The upper half mean length positively correlated with plant height, and negatively correlated with micronaire value; the lint percentage positively correlated with either plant height or fiber strength, and negatively correlated with fruit branch number per plant; the micronaire value positively correlated with the elongation ratio; and the boll number per plant positively correlated with the first branch position. The cumulative contribution of the top four principal factors reached 67.358% in the principal component analysis. The first principal factor was mainly related to fiber quality; the second was mainly related to boll number per plant and first branch length; the third was mainly related to fruit branch number per plant; and the fourth was mainly related to first fruit branch number per plant position. Cluster analysis classified 270 cotton germplasms into six groups. Therefore, the cotton resources of the first cluster can be used as materials to improve the upper half mean length and fiber strength of cotton. SIMIAN 2, NANDANBADIDAHUA, EKANGMIAN8, and Qik can be used as materials for improving cotton yield; LIAO113, JUNMIAN1, LIAOYANGLVRONGMIAN, and BAO2367 can be used to improve the cotton micronaire value; and SHANSANYUAN78-782 can be used to improve the cotton type. Thus, this work provided a theoretical basis for cotton breeding by pyramiding these elite traits during breeding to cultivate new varieties and strains.
LI Li-xia
,
CHEN Bi-yun
,
YAN Gui-xin
,
GAO Gui-zhen
,
XU Kun
,
XIE Ting
,
ZHANG Fu-gui
,
WU Xiao-ming
2020, 21(1):1-19.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20200109005
Abstract:
Oilseed rape is the largest source of vegetable oil produced in China. Oilseed rape germplasm has played a key role in promoting the rapid development of rape breeding and industry. By continuous collecting and utilizing elite germplasm, and consequently breeding of high-yielding high-quality high-resistance new varieties, the rapeseed yield level increased from 487.5 kg/ha in 1949 to 1,995.2 kg/ha in 2017. The seed quality was improved from conventional "high erucic acid and high glucosinolates" to "low erucic acid and low glucosinolates", the oil quality is as good as olive oil, which has greatly improved edible vegetable oil supply and nutrition in China. This paper reviewed the background and research progress of collection, reproduction, conservation, evaluation and identification, gene discovery, enhancement and utilization of germplasm, summarized the strategies and breakthroughs of oilseed rape germplasm research in recent two decades in China, and proposed future developmental directions and priorities in the field.
Oilseed rape is the largest source of vegetable oil produced in China. Oilseed rape germplasm has played a key role in promoting the rapid development of rape breeding and industry. By continuous collecting and utilizing elite germplasm, and consequently breeding of high-yielding high-quality high-resistance new varieties, the rapeseed yield level increased from 487.5 kg/ha in 1949 to 1,995.2 kg/ha in 2017. The seed quality was improved from conventional "high erucic acid and high glucosinolates" to "low erucic acid and low glucosinolates", the oil quality is as good as olive oil, which has greatly improved edible vegetable oil supply and nutrition in China. This paper reviewed the background and research progress of collection, reproduction, conservation, evaluation and identification, gene discovery, enhancement and utilization of germplasm, summarized the strategies and breakthroughs of oilseed rape germplasm research in recent two decades in China, and proposed future developmental directions and priorities in the field.
2021, 22(3):616-624.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20201024001
Abstract:
Drought stress can induce autophagy in plant cells，and plants can remove some harmful substances through autophagy，with the result of increasing their drought resistance. In this study，droughtresistant wheat cultivars Pingmai 189 and Luohan 6 Hao，and drought-vulnerable wheat cultivars Linmai 2 Hao and Shannong Youmai 3 Hao were used as materials. It was found that under drought stress the expression of autophagy-related genes 6 and 8（ATG6，ATG8，autophagy related gene 6/8），the formation of ATG8-PE（phosphatidylethanolamine）and the number of autophagic vacuoles increased slowly in the drought-tolerant cultivars，but increased sharply first and then decreased in the drought-vulnerable cultivars，as detected through the use of lysosome fluorescence probe，Western blot，transmission electron microscope and other molecular biological techniques. The slow yet long-lasting autophagy response of the drought resistant wheat to drought stress slowed down the speed of the seedling wilting，while the fast yet short lasting autophagy response of the drought-vulnerable wheat to drought stress speeded up the seedling wilting. This study provides a theoretical basis for further elucidating the molecular mechanism of drought resistance，screening drought-resistant wheat germplasm resources and breeding new drought-resistant wheat
Drought stress can induce autophagy in plant cells，and plants can remove some harmful substances through autophagy，with the result of increasing their drought resistance. In this study，droughtresistant wheat cultivars Pingmai 189 and Luohan 6 Hao，and drought-vulnerable wheat cultivars Linmai 2 Hao and Shannong Youmai 3 Hao were used as materials. It was found that under drought stress the expression of autophagy-related genes 6 and 8（ATG6，ATG8，autophagy related gene 6/8），the formation of ATG8-PE（phosphatidylethanolamine）and the number of autophagic vacuoles increased slowly in the drought-tolerant cultivars，but increased sharply first and then decreased in the drought-vulnerable cultivars，as detected through the use of lysosome fluorescence probe，Western blot，transmission electron microscope and other molecular biological techniques. The slow yet long-lasting autophagy response of the drought resistant wheat to drought stress slowed down the speed of the seedling wilting，while the fast yet short lasting autophagy response of the drought-vulnerable wheat to drought stress speeded up the seedling wilting. This study provides a theoretical basis for further elucidating the molecular mechanism of drought resistance，screening drought-resistant wheat germplasm resources and breeding new drought-resistant wheat
2019, 20(5):1093-1102.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20190505003
Abstract:
Founder parent, which serves as type of the important germplasm resources, plays a pivotal role in update of new varieties. In the view of long-item breeding practices, the update of new varieties is tightly connected with the discovery, development and the effective utilization of founder parents in staple crops. Considering the significant contributions of founder parents in breeding, here we summarize the progress about founder parents in staple crops, which might provide insights on characterization, production contribution and genetic basis for founder parents, and which might propose the research directions and priorities in the future.
Founder parent, which serves as type of the important germplasm resources, plays a pivotal role in update of new varieties. In the view of long-item breeding practices, the update of new varieties is tightly connected with the discovery, development and the effective utilization of founder parents in staple crops. Considering the significant contributions of founder parents in breeding, here we summarize the progress about founder parents in staple crops, which might provide insights on characterization, production contribution and genetic basis for founder parents, and which might propose the research directions and priorities in the future.
2018, 19(3):416-429.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2018.03.006
Abstract:
Rice is the most important cereal crop in our country, the continuous and stable grain production of rice and other major crops is of great practical and strategic significance for the food security and sustainable development of agriculture. During the past 20 years, a series of important research progresses has been made in rice molecular biology and molecular design breeding, especially, with the development of new disciplines such as genomics, computational biology, systems biology and synthetic biology, the identification and utilization of important functional genes not only brings opportunity to dissect the genetic regulation network of biological complex traits, but also provides scientific basis for the innovation of breeding technology. This article briefly reviews the research progress in the studies of functional genes in associated with improvement of rice grain yield.
Rice is the most important cereal crop in our country, the continuous and stable grain production of rice and other major crops is of great practical and strategic significance for the food security and sustainable development of agriculture. During the past 20 years, a series of important research progresses has been made in rice molecular biology and molecular design breeding, especially, with the development of new disciplines such as genomics, computational biology, systems biology and synthetic biology, the identification and utilization of important functional genes not only brings opportunity to dissect the genetic regulation network of biological complex traits, but also provides scientific basis for the innovation of breeding technology. This article briefly reviews the research progress in the studies of functional genes in associated with improvement of rice grain yield.
2021, 22(1):229-236.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20200415004
Abstract:
The male sterile lines of diploid Chinese cabbage have been widely investigated for theoretical studies and practical uses. In tetraploid Chinese cabbage， improvement of fertility and seed setting rate in selfbred lines was favorable， while study of the male sterile lines remained un-investigated. In this study， a sterile source（ CMS hou36gao） with new Brassica rapa L. cytoplasmic male sterile（ CMS） gene was selected from the diploid Chinese cabbage， and subjected for chromosome doubling using colchicine treatment. By multiple consecutive cycles with tetraploid inbred lines D571 and D574， in conjugation with cytogenetically identifying the number of chromosomes， two tetraploid lines CMS-D571 and CMS-D574 that showed cytoplasmic male sterile were produced. Both lines showed sterility rate up to 100% with high seed setting rate and genetic stability. This study raised an example by using the cytoplasmic male sterility in tetraploid Chinese cabbage breeding， and established an experimental pipeline to generate the cytoplasmic tetraploid male sterile lines. Collectively， this work laid a foundation for innovation and practical use of male sterile lines in tetraploid Chinese cabbage.
The male sterile lines of diploid Chinese cabbage have been widely investigated for theoretical studies and practical uses. In tetraploid Chinese cabbage， improvement of fertility and seed setting rate in selfbred lines was favorable， while study of the male sterile lines remained un-investigated. In this study， a sterile source（ CMS hou36gao） with new Brassica rapa L. cytoplasmic male sterile（ CMS） gene was selected from the diploid Chinese cabbage， and subjected for chromosome doubling using colchicine treatment. By multiple consecutive cycles with tetraploid inbred lines D571 and D574， in conjugation with cytogenetically identifying the number of chromosomes， two tetraploid lines CMS-D571 and CMS-D574 that showed cytoplasmic male sterile were produced. Both lines showed sterility rate up to 100% with high seed setting rate and genetic stability. This study raised an example by using the cytoplasmic male sterility in tetraploid Chinese cabbage breeding， and established an experimental pipeline to generate the cytoplasmic tetraploid male sterile lines. Collectively， this work laid a foundation for innovation and practical use of male sterile lines in tetraploid Chinese cabbage.
LIU Zhi-yong
,
WANG Dao-wen
,
ZHANG Ai-min
,
LIANG Han-wen
,
LV Hui-ying
,
DENG Xiang-dong
,
GE Yi-qiang
,
WEI Xun
,
YANG Wei-cai
2018, 19(3):430-434.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2018.03.007
Abstract:
Wheat is one of the most important food crops worldwide. China is the biggest wheat producer and consumer in the world. Production enough amount of wheat is crucial for national food security and market requirement. The current situation of wheat production and breeding in China was reviewed and the perspective was analyzed. In addition, the most important research advances of wheat genomics, genetics and breeding in 2017 were summarized.
Wheat is one of the most important food crops worldwide. China is the biggest wheat producer and consumer in the world. Production enough amount of wheat is crucial for national food security and market requirement. The current situation of wheat production and breeding in China was reviewed and the perspective was analyzed. In addition, the most important research advances of wheat genomics, genetics and breeding in 2017 were summarized.
LU Xin-xiong
,
XIN Xia
,
YIN Guang-kun
,
ZHANG Jin-mei
,
CHEN Xiao-ling
,
WANG Shu-min
,
FANG Wei
,
HE Juan-juan
2019, 20(1):1-10.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20180905001
Abstract:
China has abundant crop germplasm resources. At present, 340 kinds of crops have been collected and a total of 500,000 accessions have been conserved. How to ensure the safe conservation of germplasm resources is the responsibility and mission of the National Crop Genebank of China. Since the Ninth Five-Year Plan, the National Crop Genebank has systematically studied the theories and technologies of the safe conservation of germplasm. We have made breakthroughs on the key technologies of monitoring and early warning, regeneration and in vitro preservation. Based on the above research, we have created a technical system for the safe conservation of crop germplasm resources in China, which has been applied in the nationwide. The technical system would maximum prolong the safe longevity of germplasm, monitor and warn which need to be regenerated in Genebank, for avoiding the loss of germplasm resources due to the loss of vigor and genetic integrity. Therefore, it may provide a reliable guarantee for the safe conservation and effective utilization of crop germplasm resources in China.
China has abundant crop germplasm resources. At present, 340 kinds of crops have been collected and a total of 500,000 accessions have been conserved. How to ensure the safe conservation of germplasm resources is the responsibility and mission of the National Crop Genebank of China. Since the Ninth Five-Year Plan, the National Crop Genebank has systematically studied the theories and technologies of the safe conservation of germplasm. We have made breakthroughs on the key technologies of monitoring and early warning, regeneration and in vitro preservation. Based on the above research, we have created a technical system for the safe conservation of crop germplasm resources in China, which has been applied in the nationwide. The technical system would maximum prolong the safe longevity of germplasm, monitor and warn which need to be regenerated in Genebank, for avoiding the loss of germplasm resources due to the loss of vigor and genetic integrity. Therefore, it may provide a reliable guarantee for the safe conservation and effective utilization of crop germplasm resources in China.
2020, 21(1):234-242.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20191026001
Abstract:
The phenotypic diversity analysis of 14 phenotypic traits was conducted in 246 sesame germplasm resources from different sources in China. The highest genetic diversity index（2.06）of plant height and number of capsules per plant were detected，while the coefficient variation of capsule number was ranking first with 60.73% in 14 phenotypic traits. By the principal component analysis of 14 phenotypic traits，the top five principal components（yield factor，capsule factor，plant type factor，hairy factor and nectary factor）contributed to 67.527% of phenotypic variation. Cluster analysis assigned five groups of the sesame germplasm resources when the genetic distance was 8.0. The accessions within group Ⅰ showed potential on yield increase，while the accessions with high-pillar and high-yield of excellent material with good comprehensive traits were resided in group Ⅱ. Group Ⅲ was consisted of the accessions showing high-yield and branched. The accessions showing high-rod and multi-grain were resided in group Ⅳ，while the accessions showing short-rod and short-internode were found in Group V. By taking use of the geographic information，sesame populations of different sources were classified into 4 groups，including Group Ⅰ（Henan，Hubei，and Hebei），group Ⅱ（Shanxi），group Ⅲ（Shaanxi）and group Ⅳ（Chongqing）. The highest values on average of coefficient of variation and the genetic diversity index were found in accessions of group Ⅱ（Shanxi）. Taken together，this study provided a theoretical basis for future utilization of sesame germplasm resources in parental selection and modern variety breeding in China.
The phenotypic diversity analysis of 14 phenotypic traits was conducted in 246 sesame germplasm resources from different sources in China. The highest genetic diversity index（2.06）of plant height and number of capsules per plant were detected，while the coefficient variation of capsule number was ranking first with 60.73% in 14 phenotypic traits. By the principal component analysis of 14 phenotypic traits，the top five principal components（yield factor，capsule factor，plant type factor，hairy factor and nectary factor）contributed to 67.527% of phenotypic variation. Cluster analysis assigned five groups of the sesame germplasm resources when the genetic distance was 8.0. The accessions within group Ⅰ showed potential on yield increase，while the accessions with high-pillar and high-yield of excellent material with good comprehensive traits were resided in group Ⅱ. Group Ⅲ was consisted of the accessions showing high-yield and branched. The accessions showing high-rod and multi-grain were resided in group Ⅳ，while the accessions showing short-rod and short-internode were found in Group V. By taking use of the geographic information，sesame populations of different sources were classified into 4 groups，including Group Ⅰ（Henan，Hubei，and Hebei），group Ⅱ（Shanxi），group Ⅲ（Shaanxi）and group Ⅳ（Chongqing）. The highest values on average of coefficient of variation and the genetic diversity index were found in accessions of group Ⅱ（Shanxi）. Taken together，this study provided a theoretical basis for future utilization of sesame germplasm resources in parental selection and modern variety breeding in China.
2021, 22(4):963-970.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20201224001
Abstract:
Southwestern China is internationally recognized as the origin of Fagopyrum Mill.，and its complex geographical environment and diverse climate types breed abundant wild buckwheat resources. Due to the similar ecological environment and climate，there are also a large number of wild buckwheat in some northwestern regions，contributing to a famous ethnic plant resource group with regional characteristics，which is an important basis for modern buckwheat breeding in China. In order to find out the distribution status of wild buckwheat in China and rescue the collection of wild buckwheat germplasm resources，the national survey and collection of wild buckwheat resources has been carried out since 2016 and 1014 wild buckwheat germplasm resources were collected in 6 provinces（autonomous regions） containing 42 counties（cities，districts） of western China. The phenotypic identification was performed and the classification of Fagopyrum in China was revised. The results showed that our collection included 21 species of Fagopyrum Mill.，containing a new species Fagopyrum longistylum. There are abundant genetic diversity among different wild buckwheat species，and many rare wild buckwheat species have unique character variation or excellent quality. These rare germplasm resources contain valuable gene pool，which provides valuable material basis for the yield and quality improvement of buckwheat. This study is of great significance not only to promote the classification and evolution of buckwheat， but also in crop genetic breeding，high-quality gene exploration and plant resource protection.
Southwestern China is internationally recognized as the origin of Fagopyrum Mill.，and its complex geographical environment and diverse climate types breed abundant wild buckwheat resources. Due to the similar ecological environment and climate，there are also a large number of wild buckwheat in some northwestern regions，contributing to a famous ethnic plant resource group with regional characteristics，which is an important basis for modern buckwheat breeding in China. In order to find out the distribution status of wild buckwheat in China and rescue the collection of wild buckwheat germplasm resources，the national survey and collection of wild buckwheat resources has been carried out since 2016 and 1014 wild buckwheat germplasm resources were collected in 6 provinces（autonomous regions） containing 42 counties（cities，districts） of western China. The phenotypic identification was performed and the classification of Fagopyrum in China was revised. The results showed that our collection included 21 species of Fagopyrum Mill.，containing a new species Fagopyrum longistylum. There are abundant genetic diversity among different wild buckwheat species，and many rare wild buckwheat species have unique character variation or excellent quality. These rare germplasm resources contain valuable gene pool，which provides valuable material basis for the yield and quality improvement of buckwheat. This study is of great significance not only to promote the classification and evolution of buckwheat， but also in crop genetic breeding，high-quality gene exploration and plant resource protection.
SHAO De-yi
,
WANG Yue
,
ZHU Ai-guo
,
CHEN Ji-kang
,
GAO Gang
,
CHEN Ping
,
CHEN Kun-mei
,
HANIPA·Hazaisi
,
YU Chun-ming
2022, 23(5):1362-1370.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220304003
Abstract:
Apocynum venetum is a crop species with important medicinal value and ecological application potential. However, its breeding and commercial marketing were strictly limited due to the lack of systematic research on its biological characteristics. In order to investigate the geographic distribution of Apocynum venetum resources in the Ili River Valley, and to evaluate the variations on flavonoid content among germplasms and their in vitro antioxidant activity, the germplasm resources in six districts and counties along the Valley were surveyed, and their antioxidant activity of their total flavonoids were evaluated. Apocynum venetum resources were found at 12 sites, with an altitude of 605 to 1376 m. The germplasms showed 75 to 220 cm on plant height, with stem total flavonoid content of 15.92 to 42.31 mg/g (DW), and leaf total flavonoid content of 34.33 to 56.06 mg/g (DW). The total flavonoid content in leaves was higher than that in the stems, while total flavonoid content showed no correlation with either the collection site altitude or plant height (p<0.05). Especially, the samples collected from Apocynum venetum resources in Qapqal Xibe Autonomous County showed that the total flavonoids scavenged 92.97% and 97.40% of DPPH and ABTS radicals with IC50 values of 0.077 mg/mL and 0.143 mg/mL, respectively, and the total antioxidant capacity of T-AOC reached 10.48 μmol/mL. As a result, this study reported the rich genetic diversity on flavonoid content of Apocynum venetum resources in the Ili River Valley, suggesting a potential of their germplasm on genetic improvement and commercial marketing.
Apocynum venetum is a crop species with important medicinal value and ecological application potential. However, its breeding and commercial marketing were strictly limited due to the lack of systematic research on its biological characteristics. In order to investigate the geographic distribution of Apocynum venetum resources in the Ili River Valley, and to evaluate the variations on flavonoid content among germplasms and their in vitro antioxidant activity, the germplasm resources in six districts and counties along the Valley were surveyed, and their antioxidant activity of their total flavonoids were evaluated. Apocynum venetum resources were found at 12 sites, with an altitude of 605 to 1376 m. The germplasms showed 75 to 220 cm on plant height, with stem total flavonoid content of 15.92 to 42.31 mg/g (DW), and leaf total flavonoid content of 34.33 to 56.06 mg/g (DW). The total flavonoid content in leaves was higher than that in the stems, while total flavonoid content showed no correlation with either the collection site altitude or plant height (p<0.05). Especially, the samples collected from Apocynum venetum resources in Qapqal Xibe Autonomous County showed that the total flavonoids scavenged 92.97% and 97.40% of DPPH and ABTS radicals with IC50 values of 0.077 mg/mL and 0.143 mg/mL, respectively, and the total antioxidant capacity of T-AOC reached 10.48 μmol/mL. As a result, this study reported the rich genetic diversity on flavonoid content of Apocynum venetum resources in the Ili River Valley, suggesting a potential of their germplasm on genetic improvement and commercial marketing.
2021, 22(6):1635-1643.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20210415001
Abstract:
Heat tolerance of wheat is a complex quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes. Molecular markers related to heat tolerance can be acquired by correlation analysis. With these tolerant markers，the accuracy of molecular marker-assisted selection breeding may be improved，and the process of breeding for heat tolerant wheat may be accelerated. In this study，heat sensitivity indexes (HI) of five grain traits，including 1000-kernel weight，kernel length，kernel width，kernel surface area，and kernel circumference were identified in 190 wheat varieties (lines). Molecular markers Xwmc622 and Xwmc707 related to heat sensitivity indexes were obtained by simple correlation analysis. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed that Xwmc622 and Xwmc707 each had three allelic types: I，II and III. Type I allelic loci of Xwmc622 were extremely significantly negatively correlated with HI of 1000-kernel weight，of kernel width，and of kernel circumference (all P < 0.01)，and significantly negatively correlated with HI of kernel length and of kernel surface area (all P < 0.05). The average values of HI in wheat varieties (lines) with type I allelic variation were less than 1. Type II allelic loci of Xwmc622 were extremely significantly positively correlated with HI of 1000-kernel weight (P < 0.01)，and significantly positively correlated with HI of kernel length，of kernel surface area，and of kernel circumference (all P < 0.05). The average values of HI in wheat varieties (lines) with type II allelic variation were greater than 1. Type III allelic loci of Xwmc622 were not correlated with HI of grain traits. Type I allelic loci of Xwmc707 were not correlated with HI of wheat grain traits. Type II allelic loci of Xwmc707 were significantly negatively correlated with HI of 1000-kernel (P < 0.05). The average values of HI in wheat varieties (lines) with type II allelic variation were less than 1. Type III allelic loci of Xwmc707 were significantly positively correlated with HI of 1000-kernel weight，of kernel width，and of kernel circumference (all P < 0.05). The average values of HI of the grain traits in wheat varieties (lines) with type III allelic variation were greater than 1. The results showed that allele I of Xwmc622 and allele II of Xwmc707 were superior alleles of wheat heat tolerance，which provided reference information for molecular marker-assisted breeding for wheat heat resistance.
Heat tolerance of wheat is a complex quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes. Molecular markers related to heat tolerance can be acquired by correlation analysis. With these tolerant markers，the accuracy of molecular marker-assisted selection breeding may be improved，and the process of breeding for heat tolerant wheat may be accelerated. In this study，heat sensitivity indexes (HI) of five grain traits，including 1000-kernel weight，kernel length，kernel width，kernel surface area，and kernel circumference were identified in 190 wheat varieties (lines). Molecular markers Xwmc622 and Xwmc707 related to heat sensitivity indexes were obtained by simple correlation analysis. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed that Xwmc622 and Xwmc707 each had three allelic types: I，II and III. Type I allelic loci of Xwmc622 were extremely significantly negatively correlated with HI of 1000-kernel weight，of kernel width，and of kernel circumference (all P < 0.01)，and significantly negatively correlated with HI of kernel length and of kernel surface area (all P < 0.05). The average values of HI in wheat varieties (lines) with type I allelic variation were less than 1. Type II allelic loci of Xwmc622 were extremely significantly positively correlated with HI of 1000-kernel weight (P < 0.01)，and significantly positively correlated with HI of kernel length，of kernel surface area，and of kernel circumference (all P < 0.05). The average values of HI in wheat varieties (lines) with type II allelic variation were greater than 1. Type III allelic loci of Xwmc622 were not correlated with HI of grain traits. Type I allelic loci of Xwmc707 were not correlated with HI of wheat grain traits. Type II allelic loci of Xwmc707 were significantly negatively correlated with HI of 1000-kernel (P < 0.05). The average values of HI in wheat varieties (lines) with type II allelic variation were less than 1. Type III allelic loci of Xwmc707 were significantly positively correlated with HI of 1000-kernel weight，of kernel width，and of kernel circumference (all P < 0.05). The average values of HI of the grain traits in wheat varieties (lines) with type III allelic variation were greater than 1. The results showed that allele I of Xwmc622 and allele II of Xwmc707 were superior alleles of wheat heat tolerance，which provided reference information for molecular marker-assisted breeding for wheat heat resistance.
SHI Xiao-lei
,
YAN Yong-liang
,
SHI Shu-bing
,
WANG Ji-qing
,
XIE Lei
,
ZHANG Jin-bo
,
GENG Hong-wei
2021, 22(1):57-73.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20200322001
Abstract:
In order to understand the genetic basis of salt tolerance in wheat， the SNP loci and candidate genes which were significantly associated with salt tolerance were explored. Three hundreds of wheat varieties （ lines） were subjected for tests of salt tolerance using 200 mmol/L NaCl and normal nutrient solution， respectively， and these varieties were genotyped with 90 K chips exploring 16650 polymorphic SNPs. The statistical analysis was performed by using the Q+K association mixing model for eight root traits including the longest root length， root dry weight， root fresh weight， average root diameter， root tip number， root surface area， root volume and total root length. The results showed that the root traits showed extensive phenotypic variation， with a coefficient of variation of 24.3% to 50.0%， and a polymorphic information content（ PIC） of 0.170-0.562， as well as a genome-wide LD attenuation distance of 6 Mb. Three subgroups were suggested by population structure analysis， including： Subgroup I， which included 143 genotypes（ 47.67%） mainly from Henan， Shaanxi， and Sichuan provinces； Subgroup II， which included 74 genotypes（ 24.67%） mainly from Beijing； Subgroup III， which is represented by 83 lines（ 27.67%） mainly from Henan. Seventy-seven SNP loci（ P ≤ 0.001） were detected by genome-wide association study to be significantly associated with salt tolerance traits， and they were distributed on 20 chromosomes except chromosome 6D in wheat. Each of SNPs contributed to 3.70% to 19.45% of phenotypic variation， in which 6 loci such as RAC875_c13169_459 on chromosomes 1A， 3A， 4A， 7A， 3D， and 5D are simultaneously associated with two or more traits， with a contribution rate of 3.78%-19.45%. Based on the physical positions of 77 SNP loci， 17 candidate genes associating with wheat salt tolerance have been proposed. For example， TraesCS5B01G031800（ Cation/H （ +） antiporter） might play an important role in the transport of cations such as Na+； TraesCS5A01G329000 （ Defensin） might play a role in blocking the entry of cations such as Na+. TraesCS2A01G079000（ Repetitive proline-rich cell wall protein） might function in the formation of cell walls. Collectively， these candidate genes which have been identified from this study are proposed as important genes for salt tolerance in wheat.
In order to understand the genetic basis of salt tolerance in wheat， the SNP loci and candidate genes which were significantly associated with salt tolerance were explored. Three hundreds of wheat varieties （ lines） were subjected for tests of salt tolerance using 200 mmol/L NaCl and normal nutrient solution， respectively， and these varieties were genotyped with 90 K chips exploring 16650 polymorphic SNPs. The statistical analysis was performed by using the Q+K association mixing model for eight root traits including the longest root length， root dry weight， root fresh weight， average root diameter， root tip number， root surface area， root volume and total root length. The results showed that the root traits showed extensive phenotypic variation， with a coefficient of variation of 24.3% to 50.0%， and a polymorphic information content（ PIC） of 0.170-0.562， as well as a genome-wide LD attenuation distance of 6 Mb. Three subgroups were suggested by population structure analysis， including： Subgroup I， which included 143 genotypes（ 47.67%） mainly from Henan， Shaanxi， and Sichuan provinces； Subgroup II， which included 74 genotypes（ 24.67%） mainly from Beijing； Subgroup III， which is represented by 83 lines（ 27.67%） mainly from Henan. Seventy-seven SNP loci（ P ≤ 0.001） were detected by genome-wide association study to be significantly associated with salt tolerance traits， and they were distributed on 20 chromosomes except chromosome 6D in wheat. Each of SNPs contributed to 3.70% to 19.45% of phenotypic variation， in which 6 loci such as RAC875_c13169_459 on chromosomes 1A， 3A， 4A， 7A， 3D， and 5D are simultaneously associated with two or more traits， with a contribution rate of 3.78%-19.45%. Based on the physical positions of 77 SNP loci， 17 candidate genes associating with wheat salt tolerance have been proposed. For example， TraesCS5B01G031800（ Cation/H （ +） antiporter） might play an important role in the transport of cations such as Na+； TraesCS5A01G329000 （ Defensin） might play a role in blocking the entry of cations such as Na+. TraesCS2A01G079000（ Repetitive proline-rich cell wall protein） might function in the formation of cell walls. Collectively， these candidate genes which have been identified from this study are proposed as important genes for salt tolerance in wheat.
2018, 19(2):343-351.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2018.02.007
Abstract:
Abstract: Genetic diversity and population structure of 303 sweetpotato landraces was analyzed by SSR markers．This study aims to understand the genetic relationship among sweetpotato landraces , and provide reference for the selection of excellent germplasm resource and the improvement of germplasm. Method:Using SSR to establish the 0, 1 database of the trial materials;The ntsys-pc 2.10 software was used to calculates the Nei72 genetic distance matrix;The genetic distance matrix was imported into MEGA 6.06 to output average genetic distance and cluster analysis. The results showed that 203 polymorphic sites were detected by 30 SSR primers, and 1 to 14 polymorphic bands which average 6.77 polymorphisms were detected for each primer. The average genetic distance of 303 accessions was 0.564. Cluster analysis in 0.087 genetic distance can divide 303 accessions into five groups, of which the fifth group in 0.115 genetic distance is divided into groups of A, B, and C. Population structure analysis of 303 accessions is divided into five groups. Clustering results coincide with the population structure.Q value of 70 accessions is less then 0.6 ,and these accessions were clustered into the mixed subgroup.
Abstract: Genetic diversity and population structure of 303 sweetpotato landraces was analyzed by SSR markers．This study aims to understand the genetic relationship among sweetpotato landraces , and provide reference for the selection of excellent germplasm resource and the improvement of germplasm. Method:Using SSR to establish the 0, 1 database of the trial materials;The ntsys-pc 2.10 software was used to calculates the Nei72 genetic distance matrix;The genetic distance matrix was imported into MEGA 6.06 to output average genetic distance and cluster analysis. The results showed that 203 polymorphic sites were detected by 30 SSR primers, and 1 to 14 polymorphic bands which average 6.77 polymorphisms were detected for each primer. The average genetic distance of 303 accessions was 0.564. Cluster analysis in 0.087 genetic distance can divide 303 accessions into five groups, of which the fifth group in 0.115 genetic distance is divided into groups of A, B, and C. Population structure analysis of 303 accessions is divided into five groups. Clustering results coincide with the population structure.Q value of 70 accessions is less then 0.6 ,and these accessions were clustered into the mixed subgroup.
SUN Dong-lei
,
BIAN Neng-fei
,
CHEN Zhi-de
,
XING Xing-hua
,
XU Ze-jun
,
QI Yu-jun
,
WANG Xing
,
WANG Xiao-jun
,
WANG Wei
2018, 19(5):865-874.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20180105001
Abstract:
The objective of this study is to analyze the law of genetic variation of phenotypic traits in peanut germplasm resources, constructing comprehensive evaluation system of peanut germplasm resources, selecting the optimal evaluation indexes. Seventeen phenotypic traits of 40 peanut germplasm resources were studied by using variation coefficient and diversity index of Shannon-Weaver to analyze genetic diversity of phenotypic traits. Cluster analysis, principal component analysis and stepwise regression analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate peanut germplasm resources and select identification indexes. The result shows that variation coefficients range from 4.15% to 31.82%, and traits vary significantly in oleic acid, linoleic acid and sucrose content, while the traits of shelling percentage, oil content and protein content are stable. Diversity indexes range from 1.39 to 2.06. In terms of traits, height of main stem, 100-seed weight, and protein content distribute equally, while the characters of oleic acid, linoleic acid and palmitic acid distribute unevenly. 40 peanut germplasm resources were divided into 4 groups by cluster analysis. Seventeen phenotypic traits were classified into five principal components with principal component analysis (cumulative contribution rate 80.41%, reflecting most information of 17 phenotypic traits). The five principal components are grain oil content factor, grain sugar content factor and high yield factor which could accurately evaluate peanut germplasm. The comprehensive evaluation of phenotypic traits of peanut germplasm is determined by the value of F value. The average value is 0.73, KN 176 is the highest, and FH 12 is the lowest. Eight phenotypic traits are screened by stepwise regression analysis: fresh yield/plant, 100-pod weight, shelling percentage, oil content, protein content, palmitic acid, oleic acid and sucrose content. Peanut germplasm resources are abundant in genetic diversity. Comprehensive evaluation of peanut germplasm resources can provide references for peanut germplasm evaluation. 8 phenotypic traits selected can be used as evaluation indexes for peanut germplasm resources traits.
The objective of this study is to analyze the law of genetic variation of phenotypic traits in peanut germplasm resources, constructing comprehensive evaluation system of peanut germplasm resources, selecting the optimal evaluation indexes. Seventeen phenotypic traits of 40 peanut germplasm resources were studied by using variation coefficient and diversity index of Shannon-Weaver to analyze genetic diversity of phenotypic traits. Cluster analysis, principal component analysis and stepwise regression analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate peanut germplasm resources and select identification indexes. The result shows that variation coefficients range from 4.15% to 31.82%, and traits vary significantly in oleic acid, linoleic acid and sucrose content, while the traits of shelling percentage, oil content and protein content are stable. Diversity indexes range from 1.39 to 2.06. In terms of traits, height of main stem, 100-seed weight, and protein content distribute equally, while the characters of oleic acid, linoleic acid and palmitic acid distribute unevenly. 40 peanut germplasm resources were divided into 4 groups by cluster analysis. Seventeen phenotypic traits were classified into five principal components with principal component analysis (cumulative contribution rate 80.41%, reflecting most information of 17 phenotypic traits). The five principal components are grain oil content factor, grain sugar content factor and high yield factor which could accurately evaluate peanut germplasm. The comprehensive evaluation of phenotypic traits of peanut germplasm is determined by the value of F value. The average value is 0.73, KN 176 is the highest, and FH 12 is the lowest. Eight phenotypic traits are screened by stepwise regression analysis: fresh yield/plant, 100-pod weight, shelling percentage, oil content, protein content, palmitic acid, oleic acid and sucrose content. Peanut germplasm resources are abundant in genetic diversity. Comprehensive evaluation of peanut germplasm resources can provide references for peanut germplasm evaluation. 8 phenotypic traits selected can be used as evaluation indexes for peanut germplasm resources traits.
2020, 21(6):1483-1493.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20200514002
Abstract:
Kiwifruit is one of the most successful examples in fruit domestication from wild to commercial cultivation, and nowadays this fruit plays an important role worldwide in the development of fruit industry. China is the origin site of kiwifruit and represented rich germplasm resources. To date, fifty-four species in genus kiwifruit have been identified in the world, and 52 of them are natively originated and distributed in China. The abundance on Kiwifruit germplasm resources played a crucial role in breeding and following industrial development in China. This paper reviews types of kiwifruit germplasm resource, geographical distribution, cultivation history, as well as survey, collection and conservation of the germplasm. Current research status in breeding, cytological study, resistance resource utilization, pharmacology and biotechnology, as well as breakthroughs of kiwifruit germplasm research over past four decades in China are summarized. We further propose suggestions in future studies of kiwifruit germplasm resources, in order to provide reference for sustainable utilization and supporting industrial development in China.
Kiwifruit is one of the most successful examples in fruit domestication from wild to commercial cultivation, and nowadays this fruit plays an important role worldwide in the development of fruit industry. China is the origin site of kiwifruit and represented rich germplasm resources. To date, fifty-four species in genus kiwifruit have been identified in the world, and 52 of them are natively originated and distributed in China. The abundance on Kiwifruit germplasm resources played a crucial role in breeding and following industrial development in China. This paper reviews types of kiwifruit germplasm resource, geographical distribution, cultivation history, as well as survey, collection and conservation of the germplasm. Current research status in breeding, cytological study, resistance resource utilization, pharmacology and biotechnology, as well as breakthroughs of kiwifruit germplasm research over past four decades in China are summarized. We further propose suggestions in future studies of kiwifruit germplasm resources, in order to provide reference for sustainable utilization and supporting industrial development in China.
2020, 21(5):1308-1320.
DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20200309002
Abstract:
SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism), as the latest generation of genetic molecular markers, has been widely accepted in multiple research fields. This article focuses on the exploitation and detection of SNP molecular markers and their application in variety identification in crop species. At present, the exploitation of SNP markers mainly relies on the polymorphisms either released in public databases or generated by high-throughput sequencing. The polymorphisms could be detected with the traditional detection method using gel electrophoresis to new high-throughput automated detection technologies. In crop variety identification, it is recommended to use gene chip or genotyping by sequencing (GBS) technology for crops with large sample populations and multiple SNP detection markers, and for which with small sample populations and few SNP detection markers could more flexible, efficient and lower cost by kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) or high resolution melting (HRM) typing technologies.
SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism), as the latest generation of genetic molecular markers, has been widely accepted in multiple research fields. This article focuses on the exploitation and detection of SNP molecular markers and their application in variety identification in crop species. At present, the exploitation of SNP markers mainly relies on the polymorphisms either released in public databases or generated by high-throughput sequencing. The polymorphisms could be detected with the traditional detection method using gel electrophoresis to new high-throughput automated detection technologies. In crop variety identification, it is recommended to use gene chip or genotyping by sequencing (GBS) technology for crops with large sample populations and multiple SNP detection markers, and for which with small sample populations and few SNP detection markers could more flexible, efficient and lower cost by kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) or high resolution melting (HRM) typing technologies.
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