2025-6-15- 3
Volume 26,2025 Issue 6
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- Construction of the EMS Mutagenesis Library for Industrial Hemp and Expression of Genes Related to Cannabinoid Biosynthesis
- Evaluation of Resistant to Brown Rot in Peach Fruits for 150 Peach Germplasm Resources
- Salt Tolerance Identification and GWAS Analysis of Shanxi Foxtail Millet during Germination Stage
- Quality Characteristics Diversity of Wheat Germplasm Resources in Henan Province
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- Analysis of New Blueberry Varieties and Breeding Trends in the World in Recent 30 Years
- Standard Technical Regulations for Evaluating Drought Resistance of Rice Germplasm in the Field During Whole Growth Periods
- Molecular Mapping of a Novel Yellow Leaf Locus in Wheat
- Standard Technical Regulations for Evaluating Drought Resistance of Rice Germplasm in the Field at Seedling Stage
Discovery and Study of A Green Pericarp Germplasm in Rice
Genome-wide signatures of the geographic expansion and breeding of soybean
Genetic Diversity Analysis and Fingerprinting of Chestnut Varieties Based on Phenotypic Traits and SSR Markers
Survey and Collection of Wild Fagopyrum. cymosum Germplasm Resources in China
A transcriptional regulator that boosts grain yields and shortens the growth duration of rice- Discovery and Study of A Green Pericarp Germplasm in Rice
- Genome-wide signatures of the geographic expansion and breeding of soybean
The Journal of Plant Genetic Resources is a bimonthly academic journal co-sponsored by the Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,and China Association of Agricultural Science Societies .Tt is the only journal in China that mainly introduces plant genetic resources. Founded in 2000, officially launched in 2003, quarterly from 2000 to 2009, and bimonthly in 2010.
The contents of the report are field, horticultural crops, ornamental and medicinal plants, basic research on plant genetic resources, research results in applied research, innovative academic papers, and high-level reviews or reviews of forest plants, grass plants and all their economic plants. For example, the investigation, collection, preservation, evaluation, utilization, innovation, Informatics, management, etc. of germplasm resources; Systems of origin, evolution, classification, etc.; Gene excavation, identification, cloning, establishment of gene libraries, and research on genetic diversity.
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2025,26(6):1061-1067
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250512002
Abstract:
Academician Dong Yuchen was one of the founders of crop germplasm resource studies in China. This paper systematically reviews and analyzes her pioneering work in exploring and collecting crop germplasm resources， establishing germplasm conservation systems and standards， and advancing research and utilization of these resources. The study further highlights the distinctive contributions of China′s crop germplasm resource initiatives to biodiversity conservation.
Academician Dong Yuchen was one of the founders of crop germplasm resource studies in China. This paper systematically reviews and analyzes her pioneering work in exploring and collecting crop germplasm resources， establishing germplasm conservation systems and standards， and advancing research and utilization of these resources. The study further highlights the distinctive contributions of China′s crop germplasm resource initiatives to biodiversity conservation.
ZHAO Lingxiao, WANG Yao, YAO Zhufang, XIAO Shizhuo, DAI Xibin, ZHOU Zhilin, ZHANG An, YANG Tianni, WANG Zhangying, CAO Qinghe
2025,26(6):1068-1079
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250328001
Abstract:
Sweetpotato ［Ipomoea batatas （L.） Lam.］， as a globally important food crop， holds significant value in ensuring food security， enhancing industrial productivity， and addressing environmental challenges through the innovation and utilization of its germplasm resources. However， current research and utilization of sweetpotato germplasm resources still face multiple challenges. Firstly， the collection and conservation of germplasm have not yet fully captured its genetic diversity， with risks of losing landraces and wild relatives. Secondly， the evaluation system remains incomplete， as traditional phenotypic characterization methods are inefficient and inadequate for large-scale breeding demands. Additionally， despite rapid advancements in molecular biology and genomics， their application in sweetpotato germplasm innovation is still in its infancy， requiring urgent efforts to identify and utilize key trait-related genes. This review systematically summarizes recent research progress in sweetpotato germplasm resources， focusing on three key aspects： （1） The diversity， collection， and conservation status of sweetpotato germplasm， including an analysis of the coverage and preservation strategies of existing germplasm repositories； （2） Identification and evaluation systems and technologies， emphasizing integrated phenotypic-genotypic approaches for efficient identification； （3） Innovation and application of novel germplasm， highlighting advances in distant hybridization， molecular marker-assisted selection， and gene editing for breeding. By synthesizing current research advancements and existing limitations， this review aims to provide critical insights into the precise characterization and optimized utilization of sweetpotato germplasm resources.
Sweetpotato ［Ipomoea batatas （L.） Lam.］， as a globally important food crop， holds significant value in ensuring food security， enhancing industrial productivity， and addressing environmental challenges through the innovation and utilization of its germplasm resources. However， current research and utilization of sweetpotato germplasm resources still face multiple challenges. Firstly， the collection and conservation of germplasm have not yet fully captured its genetic diversity， with risks of losing landraces and wild relatives. Secondly， the evaluation system remains incomplete， as traditional phenotypic characterization methods are inefficient and inadequate for large-scale breeding demands. Additionally， despite rapid advancements in molecular biology and genomics， their application in sweetpotato germplasm innovation is still in its infancy， requiring urgent efforts to identify and utilize key trait-related genes. This review systematically summarizes recent research progress in sweetpotato germplasm resources， focusing on three key aspects： （1） The diversity， collection， and conservation status of sweetpotato germplasm， including an analysis of the coverage and preservation strategies of existing germplasm repositories； （2） Identification and evaluation systems and technologies， emphasizing integrated phenotypic-genotypic approaches for efficient identification； （3） Innovation and application of novel germplasm， highlighting advances in distant hybridization， molecular marker-assisted selection， and gene editing for breeding. By synthesizing current research advancements and existing limitations， this review aims to provide critical insights into the precise characterization and optimized utilization of sweetpotato germplasm resources.
2025,26(6):1080-1090
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241029003
Abstract:
Sweetpotato is a globally important crop with numerous wild relatives harboring extensive genetic diversity. In this study， a comparative genomic analysis was conducted using two publicly available high-quality genomes of wild relatives. Our analysis identified 1798184 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs）， along with 2076 translocations and 84 inversions encompassing 2106 genes. Enrichment analysis showed that these genes are mainly enriched in pathways such as the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Among them， the breakpoints of 34 inversions are located inside the genes and may affect the structure of these genes. There are 10226 insertion-type and 11411 deletion-type structural variations between the two genomes. We annotated these structural variations and conducted gene enrichment analysis on those structural variations that may affect gene function or expression. We found that these potentially affected genes were mainly enriched in pathways of secondary metabolites， while genes related to functions such as DNA repair and replication were enriched. Through deploying statistical results of the synonymous substitution rate （Ks） and fourfold degenerate synonymous site （4DTv） of collinear gene pairs of two wild species and other related species， it was indicated that the common ancestor of the genus Ipomoea differentiated into different species after a whole-genome triplication event. Collectively， the findings will provide insights for the excavation of excellent variations in wild relatives of sweetpotato as well as for analyzing species differentiation
Sweetpotato is a globally important crop with numerous wild relatives harboring extensive genetic diversity. In this study， a comparative genomic analysis was conducted using two publicly available high-quality genomes of wild relatives. Our analysis identified 1798184 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs）， along with 2076 translocations and 84 inversions encompassing 2106 genes. Enrichment analysis showed that these genes are mainly enriched in pathways such as the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Among them， the breakpoints of 34 inversions are located inside the genes and may affect the structure of these genes. There are 10226 insertion-type and 11411 deletion-type structural variations between the two genomes. We annotated these structural variations and conducted gene enrichment analysis on those structural variations that may affect gene function or expression. We found that these potentially affected genes were mainly enriched in pathways of secondary metabolites， while genes related to functions such as DNA repair and replication were enriched. Through deploying statistical results of the synonymous substitution rate （Ks） and fourfold degenerate synonymous site （4DTv） of collinear gene pairs of two wild species and other related species， it was indicated that the common ancestor of the genus Ipomoea differentiated into different species after a whole-genome triplication event. Collectively， the findings will provide insights for the excavation of excellent variations in wild relatives of sweetpotato as well as for analyzing species differentiation
2025,26(6):1091-1105
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240626003
Abstract:
Phenylalanin ammonia-lyase （PAL） is a key and rate-limiting enzyme in the phenylpropane metabolic pathway， which plays an important role in plant growth， development and stress tolerance. In this study， we screened PAL gene family members in the whole genome of sweetpotato， and the physicochemical properties， phylogeny， conserved domains， chromosomal localization and gene expression of sweetpotato PAL gene family members were analyzed. The results showed that a total of 33 IbPAL genes were identified in the whole genome of sweetpotato. These genes were unevenly distributed on chromosomes 2， 6， 9 and 15. PAL proteins have small differences in physicochemical properties and similar conserved motifs and gene structures. Multiple cis-acting elements related to abiotic and biotic stress response， phytohormone responsive and growth and development regulation are present on the promoter of IbPAL. There were collinear relationships between sweetpotato IbPAL and Arabidopsis thaliana， Ipomoea trifida and Ipomoea triloba PAL genes. The transcriptome data of sweetpotato showed that the expression of IbPAL gene in sweetpotato was tissue-specific， and the expression of IbPAL19，IbPAL13 and IbPAL7 in storage root was significantly higher than that in undifferentiated root and fibrous roots. The results of qRT-PCR showed that IbPAL gene was induced by drought and salt stress， and the expression patterns of IbPAL were different under different stress treatments.This study provides a reference for further understanding the function of PAL family gene in sweetpotato and lays a foundation for genetic improvement of sweetpotato.
Phenylalanin ammonia-lyase （PAL） is a key and rate-limiting enzyme in the phenylpropane metabolic pathway， which plays an important role in plant growth， development and stress tolerance. In this study， we screened PAL gene family members in the whole genome of sweetpotato， and the physicochemical properties， phylogeny， conserved domains， chromosomal localization and gene expression of sweetpotato PAL gene family members were analyzed. The results showed that a total of 33 IbPAL genes were identified in the whole genome of sweetpotato. These genes were unevenly distributed on chromosomes 2， 6， 9 and 15. PAL proteins have small differences in physicochemical properties and similar conserved motifs and gene structures. Multiple cis-acting elements related to abiotic and biotic stress response， phytohormone responsive and growth and development regulation are present on the promoter of IbPAL. There were collinear relationships between sweetpotato IbPAL and Arabidopsis thaliana， Ipomoea trifida and Ipomoea triloba PAL genes. The transcriptome data of sweetpotato showed that the expression of IbPAL gene in sweetpotato was tissue-specific， and the expression of IbPAL19，IbPAL13 and IbPAL7 in storage root was significantly higher than that in undifferentiated root and fibrous roots. The results of qRT-PCR showed that IbPAL gene was induced by drought and salt stress， and the expression patterns of IbPAL were different under different stress treatments.This study provides a reference for further understanding the function of PAL family gene in sweetpotato and lays a foundation for genetic improvement of sweetpotato.
BAI Nannan, CAO Yandong, ZHENG Yating, LUO Zhuang, ZHAO Cailiang, TANG Ruimin, WU Yuhao, WU Xiaoping, JIA Zhengrong, CHEN Wei, HE Liheng, JIA Xiaoyun
2025,26(6):1106-1118
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241113001
Abstract:
Sweetpotato ［Ipomoea batatas （L.） Lam.］ is susceptible to various biotic and abiotic stresses that adversely affect its yield and quality. Therefore， identifying stress-responsive genes and elucidating their functional mechanisms are crucial for developing stress-resistant cultivars. As key components of auxin signaling pathways， SAUR （small auxin up RNA） genes play pivotal roles in plant growth， development， and stress adaptation. In this study， the IbSAUR76 gene was cloned and its encoded protein was demonstrated to localize to the nucleus and membrane via transient expression in tobacco. Tissue-specific expression profiling demonstrated that IbSAUR76 is ubiquitously expressed in roots， stems， leaves， petioles， and shoot tips （highest in shoot tips）， as well as in storage roots at 60， 75， 90， and 105 days post-planting （peak at 90 days）. Analysis of the IbSAUR76 promoter sequence revealed the presence of multiple cis-acting elements associated with stress and hormone responses in the upstream region of the gene. qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that IbSAUR76 responds to both drought and salt stress treatments. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying its function in sweetpotato， the IbSAUR76 bait vector was constructed for yeast two-hybrid screening against a sweetpotato cDNA library using the mating method， leading to the identification of 27 candidate interacting proteins. Two interactors IbERF2 and IbERF15， which are known to be associated with abiotic stress responses， were further validated through yeast two-hybrid reciprocal verification assays. This study enhances the understanding of the IbSAUR76 gene function and provides a theoretical foundation for in-depth dissection of its role and mechanism of action in sweetpotato.
Sweetpotato ［Ipomoea batatas （L.） Lam.］ is susceptible to various biotic and abiotic stresses that adversely affect its yield and quality. Therefore， identifying stress-responsive genes and elucidating their functional mechanisms are crucial for developing stress-resistant cultivars. As key components of auxin signaling pathways， SAUR （small auxin up RNA） genes play pivotal roles in plant growth， development， and stress adaptation. In this study， the IbSAUR76 gene was cloned and its encoded protein was demonstrated to localize to the nucleus and membrane via transient expression in tobacco. Tissue-specific expression profiling demonstrated that IbSAUR76 is ubiquitously expressed in roots， stems， leaves， petioles， and shoot tips （highest in shoot tips）， as well as in storage roots at 60， 75， 90， and 105 days post-planting （peak at 90 days）. Analysis of the IbSAUR76 promoter sequence revealed the presence of multiple cis-acting elements associated with stress and hormone responses in the upstream region of the gene. qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that IbSAUR76 responds to both drought and salt stress treatments. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying its function in sweetpotato， the IbSAUR76 bait vector was constructed for yeast two-hybrid screening against a sweetpotato cDNA library using the mating method， leading to the identification of 27 candidate interacting proteins. Two interactors IbERF2 and IbERF15， which are known to be associated with abiotic stress responses， were further validated through yeast two-hybrid reciprocal verification assays. This study enhances the understanding of the IbSAUR76 gene function and provides a theoretical foundation for in-depth dissection of its role and mechanism of action in sweetpotato.
CAO Yandong, BAI Nannan, LUO Zhuang, ZHENG Yating, ZHAO Cailiang, TANG Ruimin, WU Xiaoping, JIA Zhengrong, WU Yuhao, CHEN Wei, HE Liheng, JIA Xiaoyun
2025,26(6):1119-1131
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241113002
Abstract:
Plastid glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase （GAPCp） plays an important role in plant growth and development， energy metabolism， and stress response.In this study，we cloned the open reading frame （ORF） sequence of the IbGAPCp1 gene from sweetpotato variety 'Lizixiang'. Subcellular localization studies showed that the IbGAPCp1 protein is targeted to the chloroplasts. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that IbGAPCp1 is ubiquitously expressed across sweetpotato tissues， with the highest transcripts detected in leaves. The expression of IbGAPCp1 gene increased gradually with the development of sweetpotato tuberous root and reaching its peak at 105 days. In order to further explore the regulatory mechanism of IbGAPCp1 gene， we cloned a 1940 bp sequence of the IbGAPCp1 gene promoter， designated as Pro-IbGAPCp1. The prediction of cis-acting elements showed that Pro-IbGAPCp1 contains several elements related to photoresponse， hormone response and meristem expression. Expression profiling under drought and salt stress showed that IbGAPCp1 is responsive to both drought and salt stresses. Furthermore， yeast one-hybrid screening identified 35 upstream transcriptional regulators interacting with the promoter region of IbGAPCp1， including ethylene-insensitive protein 2， zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 47 and MYB44， factors that are known to modulate plant growth and development， secondary metabolism， energy production， and stress responses. This study provides a theoretical basis for future elucidating the functional role of IbGAPCp1 in sweetpotato abiotic stress tolerance.
Plastid glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase （GAPCp） plays an important role in plant growth and development， energy metabolism， and stress response.In this study，we cloned the open reading frame （ORF） sequence of the IbGAPCp1 gene from sweetpotato variety 'Lizixiang'. Subcellular localization studies showed that the IbGAPCp1 protein is targeted to the chloroplasts. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that IbGAPCp1 is ubiquitously expressed across sweetpotato tissues， with the highest transcripts detected in leaves. The expression of IbGAPCp1 gene increased gradually with the development of sweetpotato tuberous root and reaching its peak at 105 days. In order to further explore the regulatory mechanism of IbGAPCp1 gene， we cloned a 1940 bp sequence of the IbGAPCp1 gene promoter， designated as Pro-IbGAPCp1. The prediction of cis-acting elements showed that Pro-IbGAPCp1 contains several elements related to photoresponse， hormone response and meristem expression. Expression profiling under drought and salt stress showed that IbGAPCp1 is responsive to both drought and salt stresses. Furthermore， yeast one-hybrid screening identified 35 upstream transcriptional regulators interacting with the promoter region of IbGAPCp1， including ethylene-insensitive protein 2， zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 47 and MYB44， factors that are known to modulate plant growth and development， secondary metabolism， energy production， and stress responses. This study provides a theoretical basis for future elucidating the functional role of IbGAPCp1 in sweetpotato abiotic stress tolerance.
2025,26(6):1132-1141
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241031002
Abstract:
The production of virus-free sweetpotato seedlings through direct field cultivation of tissue-cultured seedlings or minituber-derived seedlings has become a promising propagation technology for widespread application. In order to investigate the differential effects of these two propagation methods on field performance， yield and quality across sweetpotato varieties， we conducted a comparative study using 12 sweetpotato varieties with both methodologies. The results showed that： （1） Photosynthetic characteristics - Tissue-cultured seedlings of Mingmenjinshi， Shenglibaihao， Ningzishu 4 and Pushu 32 exhibited significantly higher photosynthetic activity and pigment content compared to minituber-derived seedlings， whereas Shangshu 19 showed the opposite trend. （2） Tuber yield - Tissue-cultured seedlings of Mingmenjinshi， Shenglibaihao and Ningzishu 4 produced 30.95%， 21.90% and 14.67% higher fresh tuber yield， respectively， but Shangshu 19 tissue-cultured seedlings yielded 10.42% less than their minituber-derived seedlings. （3） Tuber quality - Crude starch content of Ningzishu 4 tissue-cultured seedlings， soluble sugar content of Hongyao tissue-cultured seedlings， soluble sugar content and crude protein content of Mashali tissue-cultured seedlings， crude protein content of Pushu 32 tissue- cultured seedlings were all significantly lower than minituber-derived seedlings. Crude starch content of Jinhaimeixiu tissue-cultured seedlings was significantly higher than minituber-derived seedlins， but reducing sugar and soluble sugar of tissue-cultured seedlings were significantly lower than minituber-derived seedlings. Dry matter rate of Mingmenjinshi tissue-cultured seedlings were significantly higher than minituber-derived seedlings. （4） Correlation analysis revealed distinct relationships between photosynthesis parameters and tuber quality； only water use efficiency and dry matter content showed negative correlation in tissue-cultured seedlings， whereas net photosynthetic rate， water use efficiency， and carboxylation efficiency had significant effects on the fresh potato quality of minituber-derived seedlings. This study can provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the use of tissue-cultured and minituber-derived propagation methods for different sweetpotato varieties.
The production of virus-free sweetpotato seedlings through direct field cultivation of tissue-cultured seedlings or minituber-derived seedlings has become a promising propagation technology for widespread application. In order to investigate the differential effects of these two propagation methods on field performance， yield and quality across sweetpotato varieties， we conducted a comparative study using 12 sweetpotato varieties with both methodologies. The results showed that： （1） Photosynthetic characteristics - Tissue-cultured seedlings of Mingmenjinshi， Shenglibaihao， Ningzishu 4 and Pushu 32 exhibited significantly higher photosynthetic activity and pigment content compared to minituber-derived seedlings， whereas Shangshu 19 showed the opposite trend. （2） Tuber yield - Tissue-cultured seedlings of Mingmenjinshi， Shenglibaihao and Ningzishu 4 produced 30.95%， 21.90% and 14.67% higher fresh tuber yield， respectively， but Shangshu 19 tissue-cultured seedlings yielded 10.42% less than their minituber-derived seedlings. （3） Tuber quality - Crude starch content of Ningzishu 4 tissue-cultured seedlings， soluble sugar content of Hongyao tissue-cultured seedlings， soluble sugar content and crude protein content of Mashali tissue-cultured seedlings， crude protein content of Pushu 32 tissue- cultured seedlings were all significantly lower than minituber-derived seedlings. Crude starch content of Jinhaimeixiu tissue-cultured seedlings was significantly higher than minituber-derived seedlins， but reducing sugar and soluble sugar of tissue-cultured seedlings were significantly lower than minituber-derived seedlings. Dry matter rate of Mingmenjinshi tissue-cultured seedlings were significantly higher than minituber-derived seedlings. （4） Correlation analysis revealed distinct relationships between photosynthesis parameters and tuber quality； only water use efficiency and dry matter content showed negative correlation in tissue-cultured seedlings， whereas net photosynthetic rate， water use efficiency， and carboxylation efficiency had significant effects on the fresh potato quality of minituber-derived seedlings. This study can provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the use of tissue-cultured and minituber-derived propagation methods for different sweetpotato varieties.
LU Liuying, ZENG Wendan, SHANG Xiaohong, CAO Sheng, XIAO Liang, CHENG Dong, SHI Pingli, LONG Ziyuan, LI Xiang, YAN Huabing
2025,26(6):1142-1153
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240902002
Abstract:
Polyploid breeding is an important way to innovate cassava germplasms. In order to explore the effects of cassava polyploidization on plant phenotype， plant growth potential， and photosynthesis-related physiological indicators， we analyzed 28 quality traits and 18 quantitative traits of 8 cassava varieties and their corresponding induced autotetraploid resources. The results showed that 8 cassava varieties showed differences in 40 phenotypic traits. The leaf center leaflet shape traits were significantly different between the diploid varieties and their autotetraploid resources. The majority of autotetraploid resources shows reduced ratio of lobe length to lobe width of central leaf lobe， shortened plant height， and reduced number of root tubers compared with corresponding diploids . Only the roots weight per plant of Xinxuan 048 and South China No.12 autotetraploids increased significantly， and the dry matter content of Nanzhi 199 and South China No.14 autotetraploids increased significantly. A survey of plant growth potential indicators found that most of the autotetraploid varieties have significantly lower plant height than diploids. And most of the autotetraploids have lower leaf numbers than the corresponding diploids during the same period， and reach the highest leaf holdings from late August to early October. The effect of chromosome doubling on the stem diameter of each variety is not obvious. The net photosynthetic rate of 8 varieties all shows significantly higher rate in autotetraploidsthan diploids. This study clarified the phenotypic differences， growth and development characteristics between diploids and autotetraploids of 8 varieties， analyzed the impact and occurrence rules of chromosome doubling on plants， and provided materials and theoretical basis for cassava polyploidy research.
Polyploid breeding is an important way to innovate cassava germplasms. In order to explore the effects of cassava polyploidization on plant phenotype， plant growth potential， and photosynthesis-related physiological indicators， we analyzed 28 quality traits and 18 quantitative traits of 8 cassava varieties and their corresponding induced autotetraploid resources. The results showed that 8 cassava varieties showed differences in 40 phenotypic traits. The leaf center leaflet shape traits were significantly different between the diploid varieties and their autotetraploid resources. The majority of autotetraploid resources shows reduced ratio of lobe length to lobe width of central leaf lobe， shortened plant height， and reduced number of root tubers compared with corresponding diploids . Only the roots weight per plant of Xinxuan 048 and South China No.12 autotetraploids increased significantly， and the dry matter content of Nanzhi 199 and South China No.14 autotetraploids increased significantly. A survey of plant growth potential indicators found that most of the autotetraploid varieties have significantly lower plant height than diploids. And most of the autotetraploids have lower leaf numbers than the corresponding diploids during the same period， and reach the highest leaf holdings from late August to early October. The effect of chromosome doubling on the stem diameter of each variety is not obvious. The net photosynthetic rate of 8 varieties all shows significantly higher rate in autotetraploidsthan diploids. This study clarified the phenotypic differences， growth and development characteristics between diploids and autotetraploids of 8 varieties， analyzed the impact and occurrence rules of chromosome doubling on plants， and provided materials and theoretical basis for cassava polyploidy research.
LU Liuying, YAN Huabing, ZENG Wendan, CAO Sheng, CHENG Dong, XIAO Liang, SHI Pingli, LONG Ziyuan, LI Xiang, SHANG Xiaohong
2025,26(6):1154-1165
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241216001
Abstract:
Selfing populations serve as one of the important approaches for breeding new cassava varieties. In this study， 99 accessions derived from the selfing population of the edible cassava variety Gui 11 were phenotypically evaluated. Genetic diversity analysis was conducted using the coefficient of variation， genetic diversity index， correlation and principal component analysis， SSR molecular markers， and cluster analysis. The results showed that the accessions exhibited significant differences across 43 trait indicators. For the 33 qualitative traits， the frequency distribution ranged from 1.01% to 98.99%， with the highest in fruiting sterility. The genetic diversity index ranged from 0.06 to 1.59， with the highest in branching grade and the lowest in fruiting. For the 10 quantitative traits， the coefficient of variation ranged from 13.49% to 62.30%， with the highest in branching height and the lowest in internode length. The genetic diversity index ranged from 1.78 to 2.09， with the highest in leaflet length and the lowest in plant height. Principal component analysis revealed 15 principal components and identified 27 key phenotypic discriminators， including inner cortex color of the main stem， young stem color， vein color， and apical leaf color， were identified as key indicators for evaluating the selfing population. SSR analysis using 24 primer pairs produced 148 bands， with a polymorphism rate of 83.56% and genetic similarity coefficients ranging from 0.48 to 0.91. Accession-94 showed the highest genetic similarity coefficient （0.78） to Gui 11， while accession-143 showed the lowest （0.59）. Collectively， this study identified a set of specific germplasms and intermediate materials through the evaluation of the Gui 11 selfing population， thus enriching the genetic diversity of cassava germplasm resources in China and providing a foundation for breeding new edible cassava varieties.
Selfing populations serve as one of the important approaches for breeding new cassava varieties. In this study， 99 accessions derived from the selfing population of the edible cassava variety Gui 11 were phenotypically evaluated. Genetic diversity analysis was conducted using the coefficient of variation， genetic diversity index， correlation and principal component analysis， SSR molecular markers， and cluster analysis. The results showed that the accessions exhibited significant differences across 43 trait indicators. For the 33 qualitative traits， the frequency distribution ranged from 1.01% to 98.99%， with the highest in fruiting sterility. The genetic diversity index ranged from 0.06 to 1.59， with the highest in branching grade and the lowest in fruiting. For the 10 quantitative traits， the coefficient of variation ranged from 13.49% to 62.30%， with the highest in branching height and the lowest in internode length. The genetic diversity index ranged from 1.78 to 2.09， with the highest in leaflet length and the lowest in plant height. Principal component analysis revealed 15 principal components and identified 27 key phenotypic discriminators， including inner cortex color of the main stem， young stem color， vein color， and apical leaf color， were identified as key indicators for evaluating the selfing population. SSR analysis using 24 primer pairs produced 148 bands， with a polymorphism rate of 83.56% and genetic similarity coefficients ranging from 0.48 to 0.91. Accession-94 showed the highest genetic similarity coefficient （0.78） to Gui 11， while accession-143 showed the lowest （0.59）. Collectively， this study identified a set of specific germplasms and intermediate materials through the evaluation of the Gui 11 selfing population， thus enriching the genetic diversity of cassava germplasm resources in China and providing a foundation for breeding new edible cassava varieties.
DUAN Chunfang, LI Yuexian, SONG Jiming, JIANG Tailing, XIAO Mingkun, SHEN Zhengsong, LIU Qian, XIONG Xiankun, GENG Sha, CHE Bin, ZHANG Qin, LI Linhong, YAN Wei, LIU Guanghua
2025,26(6):1166-1176
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241024001
Abstract:
The excised root tissue inoculation method was used to evaluate resistance to cassava root rot caused by Phytophthora in 137 inbred progen GR891 cassava samples. Genetic diversity analysis， including the coefficient of variation and genetic diversity indices， was conducted on 93 samples exhibiting high or moderate resistance at 10 key agronomic traits. Results showed that among the 137 samples， 56 exhibited high resistance （40.88%）， 37 showed resistance （27.01%）， 33 were moderately susceptible （24.09%）， 9 were susceptible （6.57%）， and 2 were highly susceptible （1.46%）. In the 93 resistant samples， the coefficients of variation for 10 main agronomic traits ranged from 14.46% to 77.63%， with genetic diversity indices between 0.60 and 2.04， indicating abundant genetic variation in the resistant progeny of GR891. Correlation analysis revealed three pairs of traits with highly significant correlations and three pairs with significant correlations. Fresh tuber weight per plant was significantly positively correlated with stem diameter and tuber number per plant， with correlation coefficients of 0.490 and 0.680， respectively. Principal component analysis identified plant height， stem thickness， main stem height， tuber number per plant， and fresh tuber weight per plant as the primary features of phenotypic variation in cassava， with the cumulative contribution rate of the three principal components reaching 74.52%. Cluster analysis suggested three major categories： Category I， including 7 materials which have relatively poor performance at traits； Category II， characterized by superior overall traits with outstanding performance in yield traits and disease resistance， showing high potential for utilization and including 4 materials； and Category III， comprising 82 materials， with Subgroup IIIa exhibiting good traits and disease resistance as well as significant potential for high yield， including 9 materials. This study provides scientific evidence for selecting cassava germplasm resistant to Phytophthora root rot and informs genetic analysis for resistance traits.
The excised root tissue inoculation method was used to evaluate resistance to cassava root rot caused by Phytophthora in 137 inbred progen GR891 cassava samples. Genetic diversity analysis， including the coefficient of variation and genetic diversity indices， was conducted on 93 samples exhibiting high or moderate resistance at 10 key agronomic traits. Results showed that among the 137 samples， 56 exhibited high resistance （40.88%）， 37 showed resistance （27.01%）， 33 were moderately susceptible （24.09%）， 9 were susceptible （6.57%）， and 2 were highly susceptible （1.46%）. In the 93 resistant samples， the coefficients of variation for 10 main agronomic traits ranged from 14.46% to 77.63%， with genetic diversity indices between 0.60 and 2.04， indicating abundant genetic variation in the resistant progeny of GR891. Correlation analysis revealed three pairs of traits with highly significant correlations and three pairs with significant correlations. Fresh tuber weight per plant was significantly positively correlated with stem diameter and tuber number per plant， with correlation coefficients of 0.490 and 0.680， respectively. Principal component analysis identified plant height， stem thickness， main stem height， tuber number per plant， and fresh tuber weight per plant as the primary features of phenotypic variation in cassava， with the cumulative contribution rate of the three principal components reaching 74.52%. Cluster analysis suggested three major categories： Category I， including 7 materials which have relatively poor performance at traits； Category II， characterized by superior overall traits with outstanding performance in yield traits and disease resistance， showing high potential for utilization and including 4 materials； and Category III， comprising 82 materials， with Subgroup IIIa exhibiting good traits and disease resistance as well as significant potential for high yield， including 9 materials. This study provides scientific evidence for selecting cassava germplasm resistant to Phytophthora root rot and informs genetic analysis for resistance traits.
HUANG Zhenling, RUAN Lixia, YAN Huabing, WANG Tianliang, RUAN Mengbin, HE Guanyong, LIANG Zhenhua, LI Hengrui, YANG Haixia, LI Wenbin, CAI Zhaoqin, DENG Qingwen, HUANG Ruolan, LAN Xiu, ZHANG Xiufen, GUO Suyun, HE Wen, MO Zhoumei, LI Tianyuan, WEI Wanling
2025,26(6):1177-1190
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241214001
Abstract:
Postharvest physiological deterioration （PPD） poses a significant constraint to the commercialization of cassava. In this study， we evaluated 166 germplasms from Xinxuan 048 （XX048） inbred cassava line. The degree of tuber decay was assessed at 0， 6， 12， 18， 24 and 30 days postharvest， with corresponding physiological indicators measured. The results showed that X045， X126， X077， X088， and X147 browning occurred later. Notably the browning areas in the five germplasms remained below 10% （PPD Grade 1） by 30 day， indicating superior storage tolerance. In contrast， X024， X062， X085， X100， and X133 showed browning occurred earlier. After 24 days， the browning area in these germplasms exceeded 50%， and reaching 100% （PPD Grade 6） by 30 day， demonstrating their poor storage tolerance. These germplasms can serve as excellent resources for storage tolerance cassava breeding. Starch and dry matter contents are lower in storable germplasms， while β-carotene content is higher. MDA content and antioxidant enzyme （SOD， CAT， POD） activities increase significantly in the late storage phase， and greater increments in non-storable germplasms. Correlation analysis showed that the browning area was positively correlated with dry matter content， starch content and POD enzyme activity， while also showing positive associations with SOD and CAT enzyme activity as well as MDA content. Conversely， a negative correlation was observed with β-carotene content. These results suggest that cassava tubers with high dry matter content and starch content are more susceptible to postharvest decay and exhibit weak PPD resistance. This study provides valuable data for investigating the mechanisms underlying PPD resistance in cassava and supports the breeding of PPD-resistant varieties. The identified germplasms offer a foundation for further research on storage tolerance， PPD resistance mechanisms， and cassava breeding program. These findings hold significant implications for cassava cultivation and postharvest management.
Postharvest physiological deterioration （PPD） poses a significant constraint to the commercialization of cassava. In this study， we evaluated 166 germplasms from Xinxuan 048 （XX048） inbred cassava line. The degree of tuber decay was assessed at 0， 6， 12， 18， 24 and 30 days postharvest， with corresponding physiological indicators measured. The results showed that X045， X126， X077， X088， and X147 browning occurred later. Notably the browning areas in the five germplasms remained below 10% （PPD Grade 1） by 30 day， indicating superior storage tolerance. In contrast， X024， X062， X085， X100， and X133 showed browning occurred earlier. After 24 days， the browning area in these germplasms exceeded 50%， and reaching 100% （PPD Grade 6） by 30 day， demonstrating their poor storage tolerance. These germplasms can serve as excellent resources for storage tolerance cassava breeding. Starch and dry matter contents are lower in storable germplasms， while β-carotene content is higher. MDA content and antioxidant enzyme （SOD， CAT， POD） activities increase significantly in the late storage phase， and greater increments in non-storable germplasms. Correlation analysis showed that the browning area was positively correlated with dry matter content， starch content and POD enzyme activity， while also showing positive associations with SOD and CAT enzyme activity as well as MDA content. Conversely， a negative correlation was observed with β-carotene content. These results suggest that cassava tubers with high dry matter content and starch content are more susceptible to postharvest decay and exhibit weak PPD resistance. This study provides valuable data for investigating the mechanisms underlying PPD resistance in cassava and supports the breeding of PPD-resistant varieties. The identified germplasms offer a foundation for further research on storage tolerance， PPD resistance mechanisms， and cassava breeding program. These findings hold significant implications for cassava cultivation and postharvest management.
2025,26(6):1191-1201
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250119001
Abstract:
Cassava （Manihot esculenta Crantz）， as an important food and economic crop， has significant implications for the conservation of its germplasm resources. Currently， the droplet-vitrification method is the most straightforward and widely applied technique for cryopreservation of shoot tips， but systematic optimization of this method for cassava shoot tips has not been conducted. Therefore， this study first optimized the key steps in the droplet-vitrification cryopreservation process for cassava shoot tips. This study found that adding a 4-hour sucrose preculture before treatment with loading solution， combined with ice-cold protection using PVS2 plant vitrification solution for 50 to 60 minutes， significantly improved the cryopreservation effect. However， the applicability test results for fifteen cassava varieties were unsatisfactory. Consequently， this study proceeded to optimize the regeneration medium after cryopreservation of shoot tips and found that removing 1-naphthaleneacetic acid（NAA） and adding a lower concentration of 6-benzylaminopurine（6-BA） in the regeneration medium could prevent the formation of callus from the shoot tips after freezing， thereby improving the regeneration rate. Ultimately， an optimized regeneration medium， designated as RMB2， was developed： 0.09 μmol/L 6-BA + 0.23 μmol/L GA3 + 4.4 g/L MS + 30 g/L Sucrose + 7 g/L Agar. The regeneration rates of cassava varieties COL777 and SC8002 after cryopreservation and culture on RMB2 were 86% and 69%， respectively. Testing of seven varieties on RMB2 revealed that four varieties achieved shoot tip regeneration rates above 30% after cryopreservation. Overall， 80% of the cassava varieties tested achieved regeneration rates above 30% after cryopreservation using the optimized droplet-vitrification method， making this method more widely applicable across different genotypes. The cryopreservation system established in this study， based on the droplet-vitrification method， is simple and efficient， which can effectively promote the cryopreservation of cassava germplasm resources and better safeguard them.
Cassava （Manihot esculenta Crantz）， as an important food and economic crop， has significant implications for the conservation of its germplasm resources. Currently， the droplet-vitrification method is the most straightforward and widely applied technique for cryopreservation of shoot tips， but systematic optimization of this method for cassava shoot tips has not been conducted. Therefore， this study first optimized the key steps in the droplet-vitrification cryopreservation process for cassava shoot tips. This study found that adding a 4-hour sucrose preculture before treatment with loading solution， combined with ice-cold protection using PVS2 plant vitrification solution for 50 to 60 minutes， significantly improved the cryopreservation effect. However， the applicability test results for fifteen cassava varieties were unsatisfactory. Consequently， this study proceeded to optimize the regeneration medium after cryopreservation of shoot tips and found that removing 1-naphthaleneacetic acid（NAA） and adding a lower concentration of 6-benzylaminopurine（6-BA） in the regeneration medium could prevent the formation of callus from the shoot tips after freezing， thereby improving the regeneration rate. Ultimately， an optimized regeneration medium， designated as RMB2， was developed： 0.09 μmol/L 6-BA + 0.23 μmol/L GA3 + 4.4 g/L MS + 30 g/L Sucrose + 7 g/L Agar. The regeneration rates of cassava varieties COL777 and SC8002 after cryopreservation and culture on RMB2 were 86% and 69%， respectively. Testing of seven varieties on RMB2 revealed that four varieties achieved shoot tip regeneration rates above 30% after cryopreservation. Overall， 80% of the cassava varieties tested achieved regeneration rates above 30% after cryopreservation using the optimized droplet-vitrification method， making this method more widely applicable across different genotypes. The cryopreservation system established in this study， based on the droplet-vitrification method， is simple and efficient， which can effectively promote the cryopreservation of cassava germplasm resources and better safeguard them.
2025,26(6):1202-1214
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241211003
Abstract:
To clarify the phenotypic differences and genetic relationships of the starch-type potatoes， and to provide a research basis and breeding materials for the breeding and quality improvement of new varieties of starch-type potato. This study used 26 starch-type potato germplasm resources as materials. Through field agronomic trait observation， quality trait measurement， and simple sequence repeats （SSR） marker analysis， genetic diversity was analyzed based on both phenotypic and molecular markers. The results showed that the coefficient of variation of the phenotypic traits ranged from 9.15% to 94.14%， with the highest coefficient of variation for the number of branches， and the lowest coefficient of variation for the dry matter content. The genetic diversity index ranged from 1.71 to 2.09， with the highest genetic diversity index for the number of main stems and the lowest for the number of branches. Based on phenotypic traits， the tested materials were divided into four groups： Group I exhibited high starch content， Group II showed greater plant height and main stem number， Group III was characterized by lower dry matter and starch content， and Group IV performed best in terms of stem thickness and branch number. 31 pairs of SSR primers amplified 408 polymorphic loci， with a polymorphic locus rate of 85.18%. On average， each pair of primers amplified 13.16 polymorphic loci， and the polymorphic information content of the primers ranged from 0.1016 to 0.4024. Based on the SSR marker results， the materials were classified into 4 clusters. Cluster I included only Qingshu No. 9， with red tuber skin. Cluster II contained 22 materials， of which 21 were bred in Gansu， Ningxia， Shanxi， and Heilongjiang， all originating from the northern single-cropping zone. Cluster III consisted of Dingshu No. 4， characterized by purple-red tuber eyes. Cluster IV included two introduced materials. The two clustering results showed consistency in the grouping but differences in the classification of subgroups. 17 materials were classified into the same group under both clustering conditions. Combining phenotypic and SSR markers provides a more comprehensive and accurate reflection of the genetic differences among the germplasm resources.
To clarify the phenotypic differences and genetic relationships of the starch-type potatoes， and to provide a research basis and breeding materials for the breeding and quality improvement of new varieties of starch-type potato. This study used 26 starch-type potato germplasm resources as materials. Through field agronomic trait observation， quality trait measurement， and simple sequence repeats （SSR） marker analysis， genetic diversity was analyzed based on both phenotypic and molecular markers. The results showed that the coefficient of variation of the phenotypic traits ranged from 9.15% to 94.14%， with the highest coefficient of variation for the number of branches， and the lowest coefficient of variation for the dry matter content. The genetic diversity index ranged from 1.71 to 2.09， with the highest genetic diversity index for the number of main stems and the lowest for the number of branches. Based on phenotypic traits， the tested materials were divided into four groups： Group I exhibited high starch content， Group II showed greater plant height and main stem number， Group III was characterized by lower dry matter and starch content， and Group IV performed best in terms of stem thickness and branch number. 31 pairs of SSR primers amplified 408 polymorphic loci， with a polymorphic locus rate of 85.18%. On average， each pair of primers amplified 13.16 polymorphic loci， and the polymorphic information content of the primers ranged from 0.1016 to 0.4024. Based on the SSR marker results， the materials were classified into 4 clusters. Cluster I included only Qingshu No. 9， with red tuber skin. Cluster II contained 22 materials， of which 21 were bred in Gansu， Ningxia， Shanxi， and Heilongjiang， all originating from the northern single-cropping zone. Cluster III consisted of Dingshu No. 4， characterized by purple-red tuber eyes. Cluster IV included two introduced materials. The two clustering results showed consistency in the grouping but differences in the classification of subgroups. 17 materials were classified into the same group under both clustering conditions. Combining phenotypic and SSR markers provides a more comprehensive and accurate reflection of the genetic differences among the germplasm resources.
ZHANG Chaohui, LI Yongjie, BAI Chengjiao, LU Lili, BAO Lixian, ZHAO Zhijian, BAI Jianming, YANG Jing, PAN Zhechao
2025,26(6):1215-1228
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241030002
Abstract:
The quantitative resistance to potato late blight is controlled by multiple genes each with limited effectiveness as determined through phenotype evaluation. In order to develop novel potato germplasm with enhanced quantitative resistance， this study deployed eight parental lines to construct nine hybrid populations. Using detached leaf assays for late blight resistance evaluation coupled with molecular marker-assisted selection， we analyzed 60 resistant and susceptible hybrid offspring through PCR sequencing of quantitative resistance genes， identifying 19 single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） sites across eight resistance genes. These results demonstrated that specific favorable allele （StAOS2-SNP691， StAOS2-SNP692， StGP28-SNP794， PLOX1-SNP8344） showed positive correlations with late blight resistance. The proportion of favorable homozygous allele in resistance offspring （9.56%） significantly exceeded that in susceptible offspring （5.65%） and parental materials （7.89%）. Phylogenetic analysis based 19 SNP markers from eight genes clustered the 60 materials into three resistant and three susceptible branches. By integrating phenotypic data， breeding pedigree and resistance genes markers， we calculated breeding values for late blight resistance and identified superior genotypes （PC2312-3， PC2312-15， and PC2313-19） exhibiting both high breeding values and favorable SNP homozygous allele， therefore providing valuable genetic materials for improving potato resistance.
The quantitative resistance to potato late blight is controlled by multiple genes each with limited effectiveness as determined through phenotype evaluation. In order to develop novel potato germplasm with enhanced quantitative resistance， this study deployed eight parental lines to construct nine hybrid populations. Using detached leaf assays for late blight resistance evaluation coupled with molecular marker-assisted selection， we analyzed 60 resistant and susceptible hybrid offspring through PCR sequencing of quantitative resistance genes， identifying 19 single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） sites across eight resistance genes. These results demonstrated that specific favorable allele （StAOS2-SNP691， StAOS2-SNP692， StGP28-SNP794， PLOX1-SNP8344） showed positive correlations with late blight resistance. The proportion of favorable homozygous allele in resistance offspring （9.56%） significantly exceeded that in susceptible offspring （5.65%） and parental materials （7.89%）. Phylogenetic analysis based 19 SNP markers from eight genes clustered the 60 materials into three resistant and three susceptible branches. By integrating phenotypic data， breeding pedigree and resistance genes markers， we calculated breeding values for late blight resistance and identified superior genotypes （PC2312-3， PC2312-15， and PC2313-19） exhibiting both high breeding values and favorable SNP homozygous allele， therefore providing valuable genetic materials for improving potato resistance.
2025,26(6):1229-1241
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240919001
Abstract:
Potato ranks as the world's fourth-largest staple crop exhibiting high yield potential. Selection of early-maturing， high-yielding potato varieties with stable disease resistance is an urgent need to meet future food security challenges. In this study， to support new cultivar development and elucidate current potato breeding trends in China， 227 potato breeding literatures from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） database were used. We deployed GraphRAG and Qwen2-70B-instruct to construct a knowledge graph， which was subsequently visualized by using Gephi. Based on the constructed knowledge graph， we analyzed the genealogy， resistance and fertility period of new potato varieties selected and bred in China from 2004 to 2024. Our findings revealed that prominent parental lines in breeding programs included Ji Zhang Yam 8， Svante， Feiuretta， and Early Large White， etc. Most potato cultivars were resistant to late blight， with the majority classified as mid-late to late maturity types. In summary， this study explored the realization path of using a large language model to rapidly construct a knowledge graph for potato new variety selection and breeding research， providing a reference for the future discovery and utilization of potato germplasm resources.
Potato ranks as the world's fourth-largest staple crop exhibiting high yield potential. Selection of early-maturing， high-yielding potato varieties with stable disease resistance is an urgent need to meet future food security challenges. In this study， to support new cultivar development and elucidate current potato breeding trends in China， 227 potato breeding literatures from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） database were used. We deployed GraphRAG and Qwen2-70B-instruct to construct a knowledge graph， which was subsequently visualized by using Gephi. Based on the constructed knowledge graph， we analyzed the genealogy， resistance and fertility period of new potato varieties selected and bred in China from 2004 to 2024. Our findings revealed that prominent parental lines in breeding programs included Ji Zhang Yam 8， Svante， Feiuretta， and Early Large White， etc. Most potato cultivars were resistant to late blight， with the majority classified as mid-late to late maturity types. In summary， this study explored the realization path of using a large language model to rapidly construct a knowledge graph for potato new variety selection and breeding research， providing a reference for the future discovery and utilization of potato germplasm resources.
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YAN Zhiqin, ZHANG Mengchen, CHEN Xiaoyang, LI Yan, XU Qun, WANG Shan, FENG Yue, WEI Xinghua, YANG Yaolong
Available online: June 09, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250211001
Abstract:
The history of rice cultivation in Zhejiang Province is long-standing, with a rich of rice germplasm resources. At present, there are more than 2000 rice germplasm resources from Zhejiang Province in the National Rice Germplasm Resources Intermediate Bank (Hangzhou). However, these resources have not been systematically screened and identified, which may lead to the existence of some duplicated resources. Here, 1970 rice germplasm resources originating from Zhejiang Province have been used for genome variation map construction through the whole-genome resequencing. 10,532 core SNP markers were screened for genetic similarity calculation by SNP filtering based on sequencing depth, linkage disequilibrium, and missing rate. In this study, the analysis of 13 groups of main homonymous rice resources demonstrated that the genetic similarity among these homonymous rice resources was less than 95%. Moreover, the homonymous rice resources exhibited large phenotypic variations and were actually different rice resources. At the same time, pairwise genetic similarity of 1970 rice resources was calculated by using the core SNP markers, and 13 group rice resources combinations with high genetic similarity were selected. By comparing the phenotypic identification results and plant morphological characteristics, it was found that the rice resources with high genetic similarity had highly similar phenotypes and field performances, which confirmed the effectiveness of genetic similarity in rice resources identification to some extent. This study has essentially clarified the inventory of rice germplasm resources in Zhejiang Province, providing an important scientific basis for the conservation and utilization of rice germplasm resources in Zhejiang Province.
The history of rice cultivation in Zhejiang Province is long-standing, with a rich of rice germplasm resources. At present, there are more than 2000 rice germplasm resources from Zhejiang Province in the National Rice Germplasm Resources Intermediate Bank (Hangzhou). However, these resources have not been systematically screened and identified, which may lead to the existence of some duplicated resources. Here, 1970 rice germplasm resources originating from Zhejiang Province have been used for genome variation map construction through the whole-genome resequencing. 10,532 core SNP markers were screened for genetic similarity calculation by SNP filtering based on sequencing depth, linkage disequilibrium, and missing rate. In this study, the analysis of 13 groups of main homonymous rice resources demonstrated that the genetic similarity among these homonymous rice resources was less than 95%. Moreover, the homonymous rice resources exhibited large phenotypic variations and were actually different rice resources. At the same time, pairwise genetic similarity of 1970 rice resources was calculated by using the core SNP markers, and 13 group rice resources combinations with high genetic similarity were selected. By comparing the phenotypic identification results and plant morphological characteristics, it was found that the rice resources with high genetic similarity had highly similar phenotypes and field performances, which confirmed the effectiveness of genetic similarity in rice resources identification to some extent. This study has essentially clarified the inventory of rice germplasm resources in Zhejiang Province, providing an important scientific basis for the conservation and utilization of rice germplasm resources in Zhejiang Province.
Available online: April 28, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250308002
Abstract:
The composition and quantity of Restorer-of-fertility genes contained in the restorer line directly determine the strength of the restoration ability, thereby affecting the fertility stability of hybrid soybeans bred through the "three line" method. The Rf1 gene is widely present in soybean cytoplasmic male sterile restorer lines, while Rf2, as a newly discovered strong Restorer-of-fertility gene, only exists in a very small number of restorer lines. To this end, this study developed functional molecular marker for the Rf2 gene and used conventional hybrid breeding combined with molecular marker-assisted breeding techniques to aggregate the Restorer-of-fertility genes Rf1 and Rf2, creating a new germplasm of soybean cytoplasmic male sterile restorer lines with strong restoration ability and excellent agronomic traits. The results indicate that the combination of Rf1 and Rf2 molecular markers can quickly and accurately screen target Restorer-of-fertility gene types, significantly improving the breeding efficiency of new germplasm of gene aggregation restorer lines. At the same time, the newly created restorer germplasm showed excellent performance in agronomic traits such as pod number per plant, grain number, and 100-seed weight. This study provides excellent new germplasm for the breeding of "three line" hybrid soybeans, and also provides technical support for the efficient breeding of more strong restorer lines in the future
The composition and quantity of Restorer-of-fertility genes contained in the restorer line directly determine the strength of the restoration ability, thereby affecting the fertility stability of hybrid soybeans bred through the "three line" method. The Rf1 gene is widely present in soybean cytoplasmic male sterile restorer lines, while Rf2, as a newly discovered strong Restorer-of-fertility gene, only exists in a very small number of restorer lines. To this end, this study developed functional molecular marker for the Rf2 gene and used conventional hybrid breeding combined with molecular marker-assisted breeding techniques to aggregate the Restorer-of-fertility genes Rf1 and Rf2, creating a new germplasm of soybean cytoplasmic male sterile restorer lines with strong restoration ability and excellent agronomic traits. The results indicate that the combination of Rf1 and Rf2 molecular markers can quickly and accurately screen target Restorer-of-fertility gene types, significantly improving the breeding efficiency of new germplasm of gene aggregation restorer lines. At the same time, the newly created restorer germplasm showed excellent performance in agronomic traits such as pod number per plant, grain number, and 100-seed weight. This study provides excellent new germplasm for the breeding of "three line" hybrid soybeans, and also provides technical support for the efficient breeding of more strong restorer lines in the future
LI Qing-hua, YAN Dun-wei, LIU Yu-hang, CHEN Ying-mei, GU Zhi-wei, CHEN Zi-lin, LIN Hai-feng, KE Qing-ming, JIA Qi
Available online: April 25, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250218002
Abstract:
In this study, genetic diversity analysis and the construction of a molecular fingerprinting map were performed for 22 vegetable soybean varieties approved in Fujian Province from 2003 to 2022, basing on 26 phenotypic traits and 43 pairs of SSR molecular markers. The results revealed there exhibited 16 types of variations in the seven qualitative traits among the 22 vegetable soybean varieties, with an average diversity index (H") of 0.494. The variation coefficients of the sixteen quantitative traits ranged from 3.44% to 50.6%, with an average H" of 1.9340, indicating rich phenotypic genetic diversity. A total of 204 loci were detected with 43 pairs of SSR molecular markers, exhibiting an average polymorphism rate of 88.72%. The Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) varied from 0 to 0.3729, with an average of 0.2089. The Satt514 maker demonstrated the highest PIC value of 0.3729. The average number of alleles (Na) and effective number of alleles (Ne) were 1.8103 and 1.4374, respectively. The average Nei"s gene diversity index (H") was 0.2623, and the average Shannon"s polymorphism information index (I) was 0.4016. The genetic similarity coefficient among the 22 varieties ranged from 0.4923 to 1.0000, with an average of 0.7073. The highest genetic similarity coefficient was observed between Huxuan 23-9 and Maodou 389 at 1, whereas the lowest coefficient was found between Xinghuadou 618 and Mindou No.10 at 0.4923. Cluster analysis showed that the 22 vegetable soybean cultivars were classified into three groups based on phenotypic characters and molecular markers. Mindou No.1 was classified into a separate group using both methods, indicating that it would have significant differences from other cultivars in both phenotypic traits and genetic background, making it suitable as a parental linefor hybridization. Considering the principles of uniform chromosomal distribution, distinct band patterns, and rich polymorphism, eight SSR makers (Satt197, Satt268, Satt373, Satt005, Satt431, Satt334, Satt191, and Satt380) were selected to construct the molecular fingerprint map of the 22 vegetable soybean varieties approved in Fujian Province. With these primer combination, 19 out of the 22 varieties could be distinguished, except for Maodou No.3, Huxuan 23-9, and Maodou 389. The findings would provide a scientific foundation for the efficient utilization of vegetable soybean germplasm resources and breeding in Fujian Province. This would also contribute to the differentiation and preservation of approved varieties.
In this study, genetic diversity analysis and the construction of a molecular fingerprinting map were performed for 22 vegetable soybean varieties approved in Fujian Province from 2003 to 2022, basing on 26 phenotypic traits and 43 pairs of SSR molecular markers. The results revealed there exhibited 16 types of variations in the seven qualitative traits among the 22 vegetable soybean varieties, with an average diversity index (H") of 0.494. The variation coefficients of the sixteen quantitative traits ranged from 3.44% to 50.6%, with an average H" of 1.9340, indicating rich phenotypic genetic diversity. A total of 204 loci were detected with 43 pairs of SSR molecular markers, exhibiting an average polymorphism rate of 88.72%. The Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) varied from 0 to 0.3729, with an average of 0.2089. The Satt514 maker demonstrated the highest PIC value of 0.3729. The average number of alleles (Na) and effective number of alleles (Ne) were 1.8103 and 1.4374, respectively. The average Nei"s gene diversity index (H") was 0.2623, and the average Shannon"s polymorphism information index (I) was 0.4016. The genetic similarity coefficient among the 22 varieties ranged from 0.4923 to 1.0000, with an average of 0.7073. The highest genetic similarity coefficient was observed between Huxuan 23-9 and Maodou 389 at 1, whereas the lowest coefficient was found between Xinghuadou 618 and Mindou No.10 at 0.4923. Cluster analysis showed that the 22 vegetable soybean cultivars were classified into three groups based on phenotypic characters and molecular markers. Mindou No.1 was classified into a separate group using both methods, indicating that it would have significant differences from other cultivars in both phenotypic traits and genetic background, making it suitable as a parental linefor hybridization. Considering the principles of uniform chromosomal distribution, distinct band patterns, and rich polymorphism, eight SSR makers (Satt197, Satt268, Satt373, Satt005, Satt431, Satt334, Satt191, and Satt380) were selected to construct the molecular fingerprint map of the 22 vegetable soybean varieties approved in Fujian Province. With these primer combination, 19 out of the 22 varieties could be distinguished, except for Maodou No.3, Huxuan 23-9, and Maodou 389. The findings would provide a scientific foundation for the efficient utilization of vegetable soybean germplasm resources and breeding in Fujian Province. This would also contribute to the differentiation and preservation of approved varieties.
Available online: April 24, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241112001
Abstract:
‘Guanghetao029-1’ ‘Honggengansutao1’ ‘Zhouxingshantao’ ‘Xinjianghuangrou’ ‘Taoxingbiantao’ ‘Zhongbizaoxiangju’ ‘Zaoshanghaishuimi’ and ‘Tanchun’ were used as experimental materials. Headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to detect volatile compounds. The main aroma substances of different samples were identified by the odor activity value (OAV), principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The results showed that a total of 471 volatile substances in 14 categories were identified in eight peach blossom samples. Among them, heterocyclic compounds, terpenoids and esters were the most abundant, with 78, 77 and 66 species, respectively. The highest content of heterocyclic compounds, ketones and alcohols were 4473460.22 μg/kg, 539998.06 μg/kg and 480975.72 μg/kg, respectively. Based on the odor activity value (OAV), 15 key aroma components were screened with variable importance in projection (VIP)>1 and P<0.05, among which the VIP value of Butylbenzene was the highest (2.72), followed by β-damascenone (2.50). Through analysis of aroma characteristics, it was found that the aroma of green, fatty and waxy is the main characteristic of peach blossom. The aroma types of ‘Guanghetao029-1’ were mainly green, fatty, waxy, melon and cucumber, supplemented by nutty aroma. The aroma types of ‘Honggengansutao1’ and ‘Zhongbizaoxiangju’ were mainly green, fatty, waxy, melon, cucumber and fruit, supplemented by fresh, herbal and nutty aromas. The aroma types of ‘Zhouxingshantao’ are mainly green, fatty, waxy, melon, cucumber, fruit and nutty, supplemented by fresh and herbal aromas.
‘Guanghetao029-1’ ‘Honggengansutao1’ ‘Zhouxingshantao’ ‘Xinjianghuangrou’ ‘Taoxingbiantao’ ‘Zhongbizaoxiangju’ ‘Zaoshanghaishuimi’ and ‘Tanchun’ were used as experimental materials. Headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to detect volatile compounds. The main aroma substances of different samples were identified by the odor activity value (OAV), principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The results showed that a total of 471 volatile substances in 14 categories were identified in eight peach blossom samples. Among them, heterocyclic compounds, terpenoids and esters were the most abundant, with 78, 77 and 66 species, respectively. The highest content of heterocyclic compounds, ketones and alcohols were 4473460.22 μg/kg, 539998.06 μg/kg and 480975.72 μg/kg, respectively. Based on the odor activity value (OAV), 15 key aroma components were screened with variable importance in projection (VIP)>1 and P<0.05, among which the VIP value of Butylbenzene was the highest (2.72), followed by β-damascenone (2.50). Through analysis of aroma characteristics, it was found that the aroma of green, fatty and waxy is the main characteristic of peach blossom. The aroma types of ‘Guanghetao029-1’ were mainly green, fatty, waxy, melon and cucumber, supplemented by nutty aroma. The aroma types of ‘Honggengansutao1’ and ‘Zhongbizaoxiangju’ were mainly green, fatty, waxy, melon, cucumber and fruit, supplemented by fresh, herbal and nutty aromas. The aroma types of ‘Zhouxingshantao’ are mainly green, fatty, waxy, melon, cucumber, fruit and nutty, supplemented by fresh and herbal aromas.
Available online: April 15, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250217004
Abstract:
In this study, 85 local adzuki bean germplasm resources collected in Zhejiang Province during “The Third National Campaign of Crop Germplasm Census and Collection” were used as materials, and a systematic analysis was conducted on the genetic diversity of their agronomic and quality traits. The study found that these resources were unevenly distributed within Zhejiang Province and exhibited rich genetic diversity. The coefficient variation of quantitative traits ranged from 6.10% to 58.26%. The coefficients of variation of yield per plant (58.26%) and the number of pods per plant (42.47%) were the highest. The Shannon diversity index ranged from 0.02 to 2.43, and the diversity index of plant height was the largest. Correlation analysis showed that the grain length was positively correlated with grain width (R=0.73), pod length (R=0.62), and 100-seed weight (R=0.82).; the plot yield was positively related to the number of pods per plant (R=0.44) and yield per plant (R=0.38). Principal component analysis extracted 5 principal components, with a cumulative contribution rate of 63.929%. The coefficient variation of 11 descriptive traits ranges from 0.00% to 181.15%. The coefficient of variation of the color of young pod was the smallest, and that of pod dehiscence was the largest. The diversity index ranged from 0.00 to 1.18. The diversity index of maturity was the highest, while that of the young pod color was the lowest. Cluster analysis divided these resources into three major groups. Group I contained 17 resources, with a relatively short overall growth period, a short plant height, and large seed length, seed width, and 100-seed weight. Group II contained 37 resources, with a medium maturity and relatively tall plant. Group III covered 31 resources, with a long growth period, high pod length, pod width, number of pods per plant, and number of seeds per pod, as well as high yield and amino acid content. Four excellent adzuki bean resources in Zhejiang Province were screened out through comprehensive scoring. This study systematically analyzed and evaluated the newly collected adzuki bean germplasm resources in Zhejiang. It provides an important theoretical basis for adzuki bean germplasm innovation and the cultivation of excellent varieties, and contributes to promoting the development of the adzuki bean industry.
In this study, 85 local adzuki bean germplasm resources collected in Zhejiang Province during “The Third National Campaign of Crop Germplasm Census and Collection” were used as materials, and a systematic analysis was conducted on the genetic diversity of their agronomic and quality traits. The study found that these resources were unevenly distributed within Zhejiang Province and exhibited rich genetic diversity. The coefficient variation of quantitative traits ranged from 6.10% to 58.26%. The coefficients of variation of yield per plant (58.26%) and the number of pods per plant (42.47%) were the highest. The Shannon diversity index ranged from 0.02 to 2.43, and the diversity index of plant height was the largest. Correlation analysis showed that the grain length was positively correlated with grain width (R=0.73), pod length (R=0.62), and 100-seed weight (R=0.82).; the plot yield was positively related to the number of pods per plant (R=0.44) and yield per plant (R=0.38). Principal component analysis extracted 5 principal components, with a cumulative contribution rate of 63.929%. The coefficient variation of 11 descriptive traits ranges from 0.00% to 181.15%. The coefficient of variation of the color of young pod was the smallest, and that of pod dehiscence was the largest. The diversity index ranged from 0.00 to 1.18. The diversity index of maturity was the highest, while that of the young pod color was the lowest. Cluster analysis divided these resources into three major groups. Group I contained 17 resources, with a relatively short overall growth period, a short plant height, and large seed length, seed width, and 100-seed weight. Group II contained 37 resources, with a medium maturity and relatively tall plant. Group III covered 31 resources, with a long growth period, high pod length, pod width, number of pods per plant, and number of seeds per pod, as well as high yield and amino acid content. Four excellent adzuki bean resources in Zhejiang Province were screened out through comprehensive scoring. This study systematically analyzed and evaluated the newly collected adzuki bean germplasm resources in Zhejiang. It provides an important theoretical basis for adzuki bean germplasm innovation and the cultivation of excellent varieties, and contributes to promoting the development of the adzuki bean industry.
Available online: April 02, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241231001
Abstract:
Sichuan was one of the provinces with rich genetic diversity of faba bean resources. In this paper, 82 Sichuan faba bean local germplasm resources were used as the research object. The diversity level of Sichuan faba bean local resources was identified and evaluated by genetic diversity index, variation coefficient, correlation analysis, cluster analysis and principal component analysis, and excellent germplasm resources were screened. The results showed that the genetic diversity of plant height, 100-seed weight, shape of the leaflets, color of the fresh stem, resistance of chocolate spot and resistance to ascochyta blight of faba bean germplasm resources was rich. The variation coefficient 11 agronomic traits except pod width and growth days ranged from 11.70 % to 38.39 %, and the variation coefficient of seed per pod, number of pod nodes, pods per plant and seeds per plant was larger. The correlation analysis results showed that plant height, 100-seed weight, number of effective branches, number of pod nodes, pods per plant and seeds per plant were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with seed weight per plant. Cluster analysis clustered 82 faba bean germplasm resources into four categories, and class I and IV yield-related traits performed better. Five principal component factors with a cumulative percentage of 79.858 % were extracted by principal component analysis. The effective branch number, number of pod nodes and pods per plant contributed greatly to PCA1, which were the key agronomic traits for excellent resource evaluation. Seven germplasm resources with a weighted score of principal component factor > 1 were selected as excellent germplasm. The results of this study reflected the comprehensive performance of faba bean local germplasm resources in Sichuan, and provided data support for the protection, excavation and utilization of excellent resources.
Sichuan was one of the provinces with rich genetic diversity of faba bean resources. In this paper, 82 Sichuan faba bean local germplasm resources were used as the research object. The diversity level of Sichuan faba bean local resources was identified and evaluated by genetic diversity index, variation coefficient, correlation analysis, cluster analysis and principal component analysis, and excellent germplasm resources were screened. The results showed that the genetic diversity of plant height, 100-seed weight, shape of the leaflets, color of the fresh stem, resistance of chocolate spot and resistance to ascochyta blight of faba bean germplasm resources was rich. The variation coefficient 11 agronomic traits except pod width and growth days ranged from 11.70 % to 38.39 %, and the variation coefficient of seed per pod, number of pod nodes, pods per plant and seeds per plant was larger. The correlation analysis results showed that plant height, 100-seed weight, number of effective branches, number of pod nodes, pods per plant and seeds per plant were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with seed weight per plant. Cluster analysis clustered 82 faba bean germplasm resources into four categories, and class I and IV yield-related traits performed better. Five principal component factors with a cumulative percentage of 79.858 % were extracted by principal component analysis. The effective branch number, number of pod nodes and pods per plant contributed greatly to PCA1, which were the key agronomic traits for excellent resource evaluation. Seven germplasm resources with a weighted score of principal component factor > 1 were selected as excellent germplasm. The results of this study reflected the comprehensive performance of faba bean local germplasm resources in Sichuan, and provided data support for the protection, excavation and utilization of excellent resources.
Available online: March 27, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250207001
Abstract:
An in-depth investigation into wild L. pumilum was conducted in Taigu, Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province. This study, for the first time, clearly delineated the distribution, germplasm diversity and the pattern governing flower color differentiation of L. pumilum in Taigu. Preliminary investigations were conducted into the genetic underpinnings and molecular mechanisms that drive flower color variation among wild L. pumilum populations in Taigu. These variations were evaluated from phenotypic, cytological, physiological and molecular perspectives. The results showed that L. pumilum in Taigu is distributed within a longitude range of 112° 39′ 50″ to 112° 95′ 64″, a latitude range of 37° 19′ 12″ to 37° 42′ 17″, and an altitude range of 963 m to 1430 m. Notably, L. pumilum was absent from Xiaobai, while 683 plants were found in Yangyi, 394 in Fancun and 246 in Houcheng, totaling 1323 plants. Phenotypic diversity of L. pumilum is evident in plant height, stem color, flower color, hairy flower buds and seed color. The diversity in plant height is significantly correlated with altitude, whereas the diversity in flower and stem color was significantly correlated with geographical distribution of the plants. Using a color card and colorimeter, the five flower colors of L. pumilum were identified as orange, orange red, red, dark red and purple red. Orange red was the most abundant color, accounting for 90.2% of the population. Xiaodian and Yangyi are the only locations where all five flower colors coexist. The color differences among these five flower colors are pronounced, with orange and orange red L. pumilum being the most vivid. Carotenoids in the plastids serve as the primary coloring substances found in L. pumilum. The varying carotenoid content in the upper and lower epidermis leads to changes in flower colors between orange, orange red and red varieties. In contrast, the dark red and purple red colors of L. pumilum are due to the carotenoids being largely obscured by anthocyanins present in the vacuoles. Expression analysis of genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway suggests that LpDFR and LpbHLH2 may be the key genes responsible for this color differentiation observed in L. pumilum flowers. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the formulation of protection and innovative utilization strategies for L. pumilum germplasm resources. Additionally, it offers potential germplasm resources for genetic improvement and the cultivation of new varieties of L. pumilum.
An in-depth investigation into wild L. pumilum was conducted in Taigu, Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province. This study, for the first time, clearly delineated the distribution, germplasm diversity and the pattern governing flower color differentiation of L. pumilum in Taigu. Preliminary investigations were conducted into the genetic underpinnings and molecular mechanisms that drive flower color variation among wild L. pumilum populations in Taigu. These variations were evaluated from phenotypic, cytological, physiological and molecular perspectives. The results showed that L. pumilum in Taigu is distributed within a longitude range of 112° 39′ 50″ to 112° 95′ 64″, a latitude range of 37° 19′ 12″ to 37° 42′ 17″, and an altitude range of 963 m to 1430 m. Notably, L. pumilum was absent from Xiaobai, while 683 plants were found in Yangyi, 394 in Fancun and 246 in Houcheng, totaling 1323 plants. Phenotypic diversity of L. pumilum is evident in plant height, stem color, flower color, hairy flower buds and seed color. The diversity in plant height is significantly correlated with altitude, whereas the diversity in flower and stem color was significantly correlated with geographical distribution of the plants. Using a color card and colorimeter, the five flower colors of L. pumilum were identified as orange, orange red, red, dark red and purple red. Orange red was the most abundant color, accounting for 90.2% of the population. Xiaodian and Yangyi are the only locations where all five flower colors coexist. The color differences among these five flower colors are pronounced, with orange and orange red L. pumilum being the most vivid. Carotenoids in the plastids serve as the primary coloring substances found in L. pumilum. The varying carotenoid content in the upper and lower epidermis leads to changes in flower colors between orange, orange red and red varieties. In contrast, the dark red and purple red colors of L. pumilum are due to the carotenoids being largely obscured by anthocyanins present in the vacuoles. Expression analysis of genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway suggests that LpDFR and LpbHLH2 may be the key genes responsible for this color differentiation observed in L. pumilum flowers. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the formulation of protection and innovative utilization strategies for L. pumilum germplasm resources. Additionally, it offers potential germplasm resources for genetic improvement and the cultivation of new varieties of L. pumilum.
Available online: March 14, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241021001
Abstract:
Legumes , including soybean, peanut and pulses crops, play important roles in agriculture system because of their ability in Nitrogen fixation, and they also provide a large amount of plant protein for human, especially for pool people from dry or semi dry regions. . Therefore, legumes are vital in ensuring global food security and human health. Seed coat is a basic trait for legumes, with rich variation of different colors, which not only an index for variety identification in intellectual property protection, but provide more selection for market. It is said that functional factors, such as polyphenols, always contain in seed coat. Thus, investigating the genetics and mechanism of seed color can accelerate the breeding process to meet diverse demands for market. However, up to now, these kinds of study are fairly few, especially in pulses crops, due to the lack of attention in the past decades. In the present study, we overviewed the classification of seed coat color in different legumes, the environmental factors such as light, temperature and water that affect the seed coat colors, the inheritance of different colors in different species, and we also reviewed the related studies on gene mapping and gene cloning. Finally, we discussed the genetic and breeding trends of seed coat color in legumes in future and hope to provide valuable information for those who engage in genetics, breeding, molecular biology, and related areas on legume crops.
Legumes , including soybean, peanut and pulses crops, play important roles in agriculture system because of their ability in Nitrogen fixation, and they also provide a large amount of plant protein for human, especially for pool people from dry or semi dry regions. . Therefore, legumes are vital in ensuring global food security and human health. Seed coat is a basic trait for legumes, with rich variation of different colors, which not only an index for variety identification in intellectual property protection, but provide more selection for market. It is said that functional factors, such as polyphenols, always contain in seed coat. Thus, investigating the genetics and mechanism of seed color can accelerate the breeding process to meet diverse demands for market. However, up to now, these kinds of study are fairly few, especially in pulses crops, due to the lack of attention in the past decades. In the present study, we overviewed the classification of seed coat color in different legumes, the environmental factors such as light, temperature and water that affect the seed coat colors, the inheritance of different colors in different species, and we also reviewed the related studies on gene mapping and gene cloning. Finally, we discussed the genetic and breeding trends of seed coat color in legumes in future and hope to provide valuable information for those who engage in genetics, breeding, molecular biology, and related areas on legume crops.
Available online: March 14, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241227002
Abstract:
Drought is the most important abiotic stress factor limiting the growth of common bean. In this study, 60 representative common bean germplasms were treated with drought stress using natural drought method. 12 leaf physiology characters, such as leaf electrical conductivity, water use efficiency (WUE) and 5 the Photosysm II chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, were analyzed between drought stress treatment group and control group. The drought tolerance of 60 common beans was evaluated by seedling wilting grade and drought tolerance subordinate function value (D value). The results showed that 6 varieties,including F00000017, F00000518, F00002179, F00003370. F00004321 and Nanyang Black variety, were classified as the strongest drought tolerance variety based on the leaf wilting index. Among the 6 varieties, 5 varieties except for Nanyang Black variety were also identified as the strongest drought tolerance variety based on the D value. 6 varieties, including F00001280、F00003346、F00005237、F00004357、F00004392 and F00005243, were classified as the strongest drought-susceptible variety based on the leaf wilting index. F00001280、F00003346、F00005237 were also identified as the strongest drought-susceptible variety based on D value. These results indicated that there were higher consistency in identifying the common bean drought tolerance between the seedling wilting grade method and drought tolerance subordinate function value (D value) method. The strongest drought tolerance varieties and the strongest drought-susceptible varieties identified in this study could be used in the study of common bean drought tolerance mechanism and breeding.
Drought is the most important abiotic stress factor limiting the growth of common bean. In this study, 60 representative common bean germplasms were treated with drought stress using natural drought method. 12 leaf physiology characters, such as leaf electrical conductivity, water use efficiency (WUE) and 5 the Photosysm II chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, were analyzed between drought stress treatment group and control group. The drought tolerance of 60 common beans was evaluated by seedling wilting grade and drought tolerance subordinate function value (D value). The results showed that 6 varieties,including F00000017, F00000518, F00002179, F00003370. F00004321 and Nanyang Black variety, were classified as the strongest drought tolerance variety based on the leaf wilting index. Among the 6 varieties, 5 varieties except for Nanyang Black variety were also identified as the strongest drought tolerance variety based on the D value. 6 varieties, including F00001280、F00003346、F00005237、F00004357、F00004392 and F00005243, were classified as the strongest drought-susceptible variety based on the leaf wilting index. F00001280、F00003346、F00005237 were also identified as the strongest drought-susceptible variety based on D value. These results indicated that there were higher consistency in identifying the common bean drought tolerance between the seedling wilting grade method and drought tolerance subordinate function value (D value) method. The strongest drought tolerance varieties and the strongest drought-susceptible varieties identified in this study could be used in the study of common bean drought tolerance mechanism and breeding.
Available online: March 13, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250123003
Abstract:
Crop germplasm resources are crucial for agricultural production and breeding, serving as the fundamental material basis for improving crop yield and climate adaptability. As one of the world’s widely utilized legume crops for food, vegetables, and feed, faba bean (Vicia faba L.) exhibits increasingly significant industrial value and notable ecological advantages. However, climate change, environmental stress, and transformations in agricultural production systems present new challenges to the conservation and utilization of faba bean germplasm resources. This paper systematically reviews the research progress on faba bean germplasm resources intems of genetic diversity, phenotypic identification and evaluation, disease resistance and stress tolerance screening, nutritional trait optimization, and the application of molecular breeding technologies in faba beans. It focuses on the innovative applications of genomics, molecular markers, high-throughput screening, and breeding technologies. Additionally, the paper delves into protection strategies and innovative utilization methods for germplasm resources, emphasizing the necessity of efficient management. Looking ahead, through the deep integration of multi omics technology and breeding technology, faba bean germplasm resources are expected to play a more profound role in breeding improvement of high-yield and high-quality varieties as well as the sustainable development of agriculture.
Crop germplasm resources are crucial for agricultural production and breeding, serving as the fundamental material basis for improving crop yield and climate adaptability. As one of the world’s widely utilized legume crops for food, vegetables, and feed, faba bean (Vicia faba L.) exhibits increasingly significant industrial value and notable ecological advantages. However, climate change, environmental stress, and transformations in agricultural production systems present new challenges to the conservation and utilization of faba bean germplasm resources. This paper systematically reviews the research progress on faba bean germplasm resources intems of genetic diversity, phenotypic identification and evaluation, disease resistance and stress tolerance screening, nutritional trait optimization, and the application of molecular breeding technologies in faba beans. It focuses on the innovative applications of genomics, molecular markers, high-throughput screening, and breeding technologies. Additionally, the paper delves into protection strategies and innovative utilization methods for germplasm resources, emphasizing the necessity of efficient management. Looking ahead, through the deep integration of multi omics technology and breeding technology, faba bean germplasm resources are expected to play a more profound role in breeding improvement of high-yield and high-quality varieties as well as the sustainable development of agriculture.
LIU Yuping, SUN Yalin, WANG Zhixin, HUANG Xinfang, KUANG Jing, ZHOU Kai, ZHONG Lan, Ji Qun, LIU Zhengwei, LI Feng, LI Shuangmei, PENG Jing, HUANG Laichun, YANG Yingnan, XING Junhao, QIAN Ziyan, WANG Haining, WANG Ying, KE Weidong, ZHU Honglian
Available online: March 10, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250108002
Abstract:
China"s aquatic vegetables mainly include 12 categories, such as lotus, water bamboo, taro, water chestnut, arrowhead, water spinach, water caltrop, gorgon eurgale, water celery, water shield, common cattail and watercress. They have a long cultivation history in China and are characteristic aquatic economic crops. The national aquatic vegetable germplasm resources repository (Wuhan) has long been engaged in the collection, conservation, evaluation and utilization of aquatic vegetable germplasm resources and has become the richest resource repository in terms of the types, resource quantity, ecological types and forms of aquatic vegetables in the world. As of December 2024, the germplasm repository has collected and conserved over 3,449 accessions of aquatic vegetable germplasm resources from both domestic and international sources, establishing a comprehensive conservation system. A total of 140 elite germplasm resources have been identified. These efforts have significantly propelled fundamental research on the genome annotation, genetic diversity, and molecular markers of important traits in aquatic vegetables. They have also effectively promoted the breeding of new varieties, optimization of variety structure, and sustainable development of the aquatic vegetable industry. This paper summarizes and reviews the current situation of the collection and conservation of germplasm resources in the aquatic vegetable resource repository in the past 2 decades, as well as the progress made in the innovative utilization of aquatic vegetable germplasm resources, and looks forward to the research directions regarding the collection, conservation, identification, evaluation, and sharing mechanisms of germplasm resources, in order to provide references for the conservation, the effective utilization and industrial development of China"s aquatic vegetable germplasm resources in the future.
China"s aquatic vegetables mainly include 12 categories, such as lotus, water bamboo, taro, water chestnut, arrowhead, water spinach, water caltrop, gorgon eurgale, water celery, water shield, common cattail and watercress. They have a long cultivation history in China and are characteristic aquatic economic crops. The national aquatic vegetable germplasm resources repository (Wuhan) has long been engaged in the collection, conservation, evaluation and utilization of aquatic vegetable germplasm resources and has become the richest resource repository in terms of the types, resource quantity, ecological types and forms of aquatic vegetables in the world. As of December 2024, the germplasm repository has collected and conserved over 3,449 accessions of aquatic vegetable germplasm resources from both domestic and international sources, establishing a comprehensive conservation system. A total of 140 elite germplasm resources have been identified. These efforts have significantly propelled fundamental research on the genome annotation, genetic diversity, and molecular markers of important traits in aquatic vegetables. They have also effectively promoted the breeding of new varieties, optimization of variety structure, and sustainable development of the aquatic vegetable industry. This paper summarizes and reviews the current situation of the collection and conservation of germplasm resources in the aquatic vegetable resource repository in the past 2 decades, as well as the progress made in the innovative utilization of aquatic vegetable germplasm resources, and looks forward to the research directions regarding the collection, conservation, identification, evaluation, and sharing mechanisms of germplasm resources, in order to provide references for the conservation, the effective utilization and industrial development of China"s aquatic vegetable germplasm resources in the future.
Available online: February 17, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241210001
Abstract:
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is one of the major legume crops, widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, and grown throughout China. Cowpea flower color is an important agronomic trait that plays an important role in its reproduction, but the molecular genetic basis of cowpea flower color variation is not known. To this end, this study used a combination of BSA-seq analysis based on flower color in a population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) and genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) of flower color in a natural population of cowpea (271 accessions), which located the gene controlling flower color between 31.9 Mb and 32.3 Mb on chromosome IX (0.4 Mb region). The analysis showed that this 0.4-Mb region contains 30 genes, among which the TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA 1 (TTG1) gene is located near the peak of SNP-index and is involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Further analysis using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) revealed that there was a significant difference in gene expression of TTG1 between purple and white flag petals. In addition, two pairs of polymorphic SSR primers were screened within this region and were able to distinguish between purple and white flag petal individuals in the RIL population. The results of this study can provide some theoretical basis for cowpea flower color genetic variation and molecular breeding.
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is one of the major legume crops, widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, and grown throughout China. Cowpea flower color is an important agronomic trait that plays an important role in its reproduction, but the molecular genetic basis of cowpea flower color variation is not known. To this end, this study used a combination of BSA-seq analysis based on flower color in a population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) and genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) of flower color in a natural population of cowpea (271 accessions), which located the gene controlling flower color between 31.9 Mb and 32.3 Mb on chromosome IX (0.4 Mb region). The analysis showed that this 0.4-Mb region contains 30 genes, among which the TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA 1 (TTG1) gene is located near the peak of SNP-index and is involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Further analysis using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) revealed that there was a significant difference in gene expression of TTG1 between purple and white flag petals. In addition, two pairs of polymorphic SSR primers were screened within this region and were able to distinguish between purple and white flag petal individuals in the RIL population. The results of this study can provide some theoretical basis for cowpea flower color genetic variation and molecular breeding.
GUO Ming, SI Erjing, WANG Yanxiu, YAO Lirong, WANG Juncheng, ZHANG Hong, LI Baochun, MENG Yaxiong, MA Xiaole, WANG Huajun
Available online: February 11, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241009002
Abstract:
In recent years, fungal diseases have been one of the key factors leading to the decline in crop yields. When plants are attacked by pathogenic fungi, their defense mechanisms primarily involve the complex regulation of disease resistance-related protein synthesis and post-translational modifications of proteins. Ubiquitination, as a post-translational modification of proteins, plays a crucial role in the regulation of the plant immune system. Recent research has revealed the multi-faceted roles of ubiquitination in plant immune responses, including the endocytosis, degradation, and signaling of pattern recognition receptors, as well as interactions with plant hormone signaling pathways. This article reviews the regulatory role of protein ubiquitination modification in plant immune responses, especially the investigation of E3 ubiquitin ligases in the plant""s response to pathogen infection, and looks forward to future research directions, aiming to provide theoretical basis for a deeper understanding of the plant""s inherent resistance regulation mechanism and the breeding of resistant varieties.
In recent years, fungal diseases have been one of the key factors leading to the decline in crop yields. When plants are attacked by pathogenic fungi, their defense mechanisms primarily involve the complex regulation of disease resistance-related protein synthesis and post-translational modifications of proteins. Ubiquitination, as a post-translational modification of proteins, plays a crucial role in the regulation of the plant immune system. Recent research has revealed the multi-faceted roles of ubiquitination in plant immune responses, including the endocytosis, degradation, and signaling of pattern recognition receptors, as well as interactions with plant hormone signaling pathways. This article reviews the regulatory role of protein ubiquitination modification in plant immune responses, especially the investigation of E3 ubiquitin ligases in the plant""s response to pathogen infection, and looks forward to future research directions, aiming to provide theoretical basis for a deeper understanding of the plant""s inherent resistance regulation mechanism and the breeding of resistant varieties.
Available online: January 22, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241021002
Abstract:
Common bacterial blight (CBB) of common bean is one of the most serious diseases affecting the production of common bean, it can occur throughout the whole growth period of common bean. When the disease is severe, it can lead to 80% yield loss. The most effective way to control the disease is to plant resistant varieties. In order to excavate disease-resistant germplasm, 280 resources of common bean were identified for resistance to the disease, and 1 resistant material, 90 moderately resistant materials, and 189 disease-susceptible materials were identified. From the materials, we selected resistant resources of Zihuayundou and susceptible resources Talanghuacaidou for the study of immune response in the early stage of pathogen infection. The results showed that the H2O2 content of resistant materials was always higher than that of susceptible materials after inoculation, and the difference between resistant and susceptible materials could reach a very significant level from 12 h to 96 h. The results of DAB staining also showed that H2O2 accumulation existed in resistant materials at the site of pathogen inoculation. Trypan Blue staining and callose content determination were carried out on samples of resistant and susceptible materials after inoculation. It was found that the callose content in resistant materials was significantly up-regulated 6 h after inoculation. Trypan blue staining results indicated that resistant materials could limit the spread of pathogens by controlling cell death at the inoculation site. These results showed that the resistant varieties triggered the immune response at the early stage of the pathogen infestation, and thus increased the resistance of the plants to the disease.
Common bacterial blight (CBB) of common bean is one of the most serious diseases affecting the production of common bean, it can occur throughout the whole growth period of common bean. When the disease is severe, it can lead to 80% yield loss. The most effective way to control the disease is to plant resistant varieties. In order to excavate disease-resistant germplasm, 280 resources of common bean were identified for resistance to the disease, and 1 resistant material, 90 moderately resistant materials, and 189 disease-susceptible materials were identified. From the materials, we selected resistant resources of Zihuayundou and susceptible resources Talanghuacaidou for the study of immune response in the early stage of pathogen infection. The results showed that the H2O2 content of resistant materials was always higher than that of susceptible materials after inoculation, and the difference between resistant and susceptible materials could reach a very significant level from 12 h to 96 h. The results of DAB staining also showed that H2O2 accumulation existed in resistant materials at the site of pathogen inoculation. Trypan Blue staining and callose content determination were carried out on samples of resistant and susceptible materials after inoculation. It was found that the callose content in resistant materials was significantly up-regulated 6 h after inoculation. Trypan blue staining results indicated that resistant materials could limit the spread of pathogens by controlling cell death at the inoculation site. These results showed that the resistant varieties triggered the immune response at the early stage of the pathogen infestation, and thus increased the resistance of the plants to the disease.
Available online: January 22, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241009001
Abstract:
The modern sugarcane cultivars are mainly the hybrid offspring of a few clones of 2-5 sugarcane species in the genus sugarcane. Owing to the narrow genetic background and close blood relationship, it is difficult for breeders to obtain sugarcane varieties with high yield, high sugar and high stress resistance in the past 30 years. Making full use of the wild relatives of sugarcane is very important for broadening the genetic background and accelerating the nobilization of sugarcane. Erianthus fulvus Ness, a near-source wild species of sugarcane, is not only an important wild germplasm for sugarcane breeding, but also an important resource for genome evolution and functional gene analysis of sugarcane complex. Since the 1980s, great progress has been made in the collection and research of Erianthus fulvus germplasm resources and the cultivation of new sugarcane varieties with drought resistance and cold tolerance by intergeneric hybridization between sugarcane and Erianthus fulvus. In addition, the physiological and molecular response mechanisms of many excellent traits, including high sugar, cold tolerance and drought resistance, have been gradually analyzed in Erianthus fulvus. In order to better explore the molecular basis of the excellent traits of Erianthus fulvus and its application value in sugarcane breeding, This review systematically summarizes the research progress and utilization status of Erianthus fulvus, analyzes the genetic diversity, genome evolution characteristics and sucrose biosynthesis and transport pathways of Erianthus fulvus, and further proposes the application potential of Erianthus fulvus as a model plant and biofuel plant. Additionally, we analyze the molecular response characteristics of Erianthus fulvus to low temperature and drought stress, discuss the problems existing in the research and utilization of Erianthus fulvus, and prospect the future development direction.
The modern sugarcane cultivars are mainly the hybrid offspring of a few clones of 2-5 sugarcane species in the genus sugarcane. Owing to the narrow genetic background and close blood relationship, it is difficult for breeders to obtain sugarcane varieties with high yield, high sugar and high stress resistance in the past 30 years. Making full use of the wild relatives of sugarcane is very important for broadening the genetic background and accelerating the nobilization of sugarcane. Erianthus fulvus Ness, a near-source wild species of sugarcane, is not only an important wild germplasm for sugarcane breeding, but also an important resource for genome evolution and functional gene analysis of sugarcane complex. Since the 1980s, great progress has been made in the collection and research of Erianthus fulvus germplasm resources and the cultivation of new sugarcane varieties with drought resistance and cold tolerance by intergeneric hybridization between sugarcane and Erianthus fulvus. In addition, the physiological and molecular response mechanisms of many excellent traits, including high sugar, cold tolerance and drought resistance, have been gradually analyzed in Erianthus fulvus. In order to better explore the molecular basis of the excellent traits of Erianthus fulvus and its application value in sugarcane breeding, This review systematically summarizes the research progress and utilization status of Erianthus fulvus, analyzes the genetic diversity, genome evolution characteristics and sucrose biosynthesis and transport pathways of Erianthus fulvus, and further proposes the application potential of Erianthus fulvus as a model plant and biofuel plant. Additionally, we analyze the molecular response characteristics of Erianthus fulvus to low temperature and drought stress, discuss the problems existing in the research and utilization of Erianthus fulvus, and prospect the future development direction.
Available online: January 22, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241101001
Abstract:
Mung bean (Vigna radiata) is a characteristic crop in Shanxi Province. Exploring the impact of ecological conditions in different planting areas on the phenotype and quality of green bean germplasm resources is of great significance for optimizing planting strategies, improving green bean yield and nutritional quality. The comprehensive analysis of agronomic traits and nutritional quality of 10 mung bean germplasm from Yuci, Huairen, and Linfen in this study showed that the average number of pods per plant in Huairen area (30.87) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in Yuci (24.07) and Linfen (20.70), while the plant height in Linfen area (66.14 cm) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in Yuci (47.46 cm) and Huairen (42.36 cm). In terms of quality, the average protein content in Linfen area is the highest (26.80%), significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in Huairen (23.82%) and Yuci (23.19%). The starch (47.35%), fat (2.49%), total polyphenols (3.30 mg GAE/g), total flavonoid content (2.34 mg RE/g), DPPH (55.55 μmol/L·Trolox/g), and ABTS free radical scavenging ability (28.75 μmol/L·Trolox/g) in Yuci area were significantly better than those in Huairen area (p<0.05) and Linfen area (p<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis found that the height, fat, total flavonoids, total polyphenols, vitexin, and isovitexin content of mung beans are closely related to the climatic conditions of the production area. The relatively low temperature in Huairen area can promote the accumulation of total flavonoids in mung beans; The higher relative humidity in Yuci area may inhibit fat synthesis; The research results can provide guidance for the quality breeding of mung beans, as well as important theoretical support for the cultivation and production of high-quality mung beans.
Mung bean (Vigna radiata) is a characteristic crop in Shanxi Province. Exploring the impact of ecological conditions in different planting areas on the phenotype and quality of green bean germplasm resources is of great significance for optimizing planting strategies, improving green bean yield and nutritional quality. The comprehensive analysis of agronomic traits and nutritional quality of 10 mung bean germplasm from Yuci, Huairen, and Linfen in this study showed that the average number of pods per plant in Huairen area (30.87) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in Yuci (24.07) and Linfen (20.70), while the plant height in Linfen area (66.14 cm) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in Yuci (47.46 cm) and Huairen (42.36 cm). In terms of quality, the average protein content in Linfen area is the highest (26.80%), significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in Huairen (23.82%) and Yuci (23.19%). The starch (47.35%), fat (2.49%), total polyphenols (3.30 mg GAE/g), total flavonoid content (2.34 mg RE/g), DPPH (55.55 μmol/L·Trolox/g), and ABTS free radical scavenging ability (28.75 μmol/L·Trolox/g) in Yuci area were significantly better than those in Huairen area (p<0.05) and Linfen area (p<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis found that the height, fat, total flavonoids, total polyphenols, vitexin, and isovitexin content of mung beans are closely related to the climatic conditions of the production area. The relatively low temperature in Huairen area can promote the accumulation of total flavonoids in mung beans; The higher relative humidity in Yuci area may inhibit fat synthesis; The research results can provide guidance for the quality breeding of mung beans, as well as important theoretical support for the cultivation and production of high-quality mung beans.
Available online: January 13, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241104001
Abstract:
The genome sequencing of Common bean has been completed, but the research on its important genetic traits and genetic transformation is being carried out gradually. In this study, the WOX gene nucleotide sequence, gene structure, conserved domain, chromosome location and cis-acting elements of common bean. were identified in the whole genome. Genomic collinearity and phylogenetic tree analysis of WOX gene family members in Common bean, Mung bean, Soybean and Arabidopsis were performed. The callus induction system of two common bean. varieties was successfully established. Differentially expressed WOX genes related to callus induction rate were identified by comparison of transcriptome and qRT-PCR analysis. The results showed that the stem callus of two Common bean varieties Long17-3965 and Long10 were successfully induced by MS+0.4mg/L 6-BA+1mg/L 2,4-D and MS+0.6mg/L 6-BA+1mg/L 2,4-D, and the highest healing rate was obtained. The whole genome identified 18 WOX gene family members in common bean, distributed on 10 chromosomes. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that 18 Common bean, 15 Arabidopsis, 58 Mung bean and 33 Soybean WOX gene family members could be divided into three major groups. The conserved domains of WOX genes in three major groups mainly include HD (homeodomain) domains. PvWOXs gene promoters mainly contained 28 different types of cis-acting elements such as "meristem formation correlation" and"auxin response correlation". Genomic collinearity analysis among 4 species was found that most of gene containing the number of synonymous mutation greater than nonsynonymous mutaion in nucleotide sequence. Using MS + 0.4 mg/L 6-BA + 1 mg/L 2,4-D and MS + 0.6 mg/L 6-BA + 1 mg/L 2,4-D medium, a successful system for inducing callus tissue from the hypocotyls of Long 17-3965 and Long 10 was established. Transcriptome analysis revealed 8 differentially expressed WOX genes; correlation analysis showed that PvWOX1/15/16 was related to callus induction rate, with PvWOX1/15 downregulated during callus formation and PvWOX16 upregulated. The 3 WOX differentially expressed gene were identified by comparative transcriptome analysis. qRT-PCR identification results consistented with PvWOX1/15/16 gene expression value FPKM in transcriptomic data.Meantime, PvWOX1/15/16 gene expression level were signifcantly correlated with the rate of callus induction. According to the bove results, it suggested that PvWOX1/15/16 gene can be the potential target genes for the research on genetic transformation in Common bean. Further, this study provides key gene resources for establishing efficient regeneration system and genetic transformation of Common bean in the future.
The genome sequencing of Common bean has been completed, but the research on its important genetic traits and genetic transformation is being carried out gradually. In this study, the WOX gene nucleotide sequence, gene structure, conserved domain, chromosome location and cis-acting elements of common bean. were identified in the whole genome. Genomic collinearity and phylogenetic tree analysis of WOX gene family members in Common bean, Mung bean, Soybean and Arabidopsis were performed. The callus induction system of two common bean. varieties was successfully established. Differentially expressed WOX genes related to callus induction rate were identified by comparison of transcriptome and qRT-PCR analysis. The results showed that the stem callus of two Common bean varieties Long17-3965 and Long10 were successfully induced by MS+0.4mg/L 6-BA+1mg/L 2,4-D and MS+0.6mg/L 6-BA+1mg/L 2,4-D, and the highest healing rate was obtained. The whole genome identified 18 WOX gene family members in common bean, distributed on 10 chromosomes. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that 18 Common bean, 15 Arabidopsis, 58 Mung bean and 33 Soybean WOX gene family members could be divided into three major groups. The conserved domains of WOX genes in three major groups mainly include HD (homeodomain) domains. PvWOXs gene promoters mainly contained 28 different types of cis-acting elements such as "meristem formation correlation" and"auxin response correlation". Genomic collinearity analysis among 4 species was found that most of gene containing the number of synonymous mutation greater than nonsynonymous mutaion in nucleotide sequence. Using MS + 0.4 mg/L 6-BA + 1 mg/L 2,4-D and MS + 0.6 mg/L 6-BA + 1 mg/L 2,4-D medium, a successful system for inducing callus tissue from the hypocotyls of Long 17-3965 and Long 10 was established. Transcriptome analysis revealed 8 differentially expressed WOX genes; correlation analysis showed that PvWOX1/15/16 was related to callus induction rate, with PvWOX1/15 downregulated during callus formation and PvWOX16 upregulated. The 3 WOX differentially expressed gene were identified by comparative transcriptome analysis. qRT-PCR identification results consistented with PvWOX1/15/16 gene expression value FPKM in transcriptomic data.Meantime, PvWOX1/15/16 gene expression level were signifcantly correlated with the rate of callus induction. According to the bove results, it suggested that PvWOX1/15/16 gene can be the potential target genes for the research on genetic transformation in Common bean. Further, this study provides key gene resources for establishing efficient regeneration system and genetic transformation of Common bean in the future.
WANG Qian, LI Bobo, WU Ruo-nan, LI Chen-hao, ZHANG Ze-yan, YAN Jian-jun, ZHU Hui-jun, YAN Hu-bin, Hao Qing-ting, ZHAO Xue-ying, GAO Wei, ZHANG Yao-wen
Available online: June 12, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250507004
Abstract:
The luster of seed coat not only affects the appearance quality and commodity value of mung bean, but also is closely related to the stress resistance of crops. In this study, the F2 segregating population was constructed by crossing the shine mung bean variety Binglv 15 and the dull mung bean variety Jilv 20. The BSA-seq technology was used to map the mung bean seed coat luster-related genes, and the mapping interval of 11.43 Mb was obtained. Further development of 8 KASP molecular markers and 7 InDel molecular markers narrowed the interval. Finally, the candidate genes controlling the seed coat luster of mung bean was mapped to a region of 9,969,581 bp-10,362,350 bp on chromosome 11, with a size of 0.38 Mb. Through the analysis of gene function annotation in the database, 9 non-synonymous mutant genes were annotated in the positioning interval, combined with qRT-PCR expression analysis, 6 candidate genes of mung bean seed coat luster traits were screened out, including jg34407, jg34408, jg34414, jg34422, jg34433 and jg34438. Among them, jg34407 and jg34423 genes were annotated as E3 ubiquitin protein ligase, and jg34438 gene was annotated as transcription factor MYC2. It is speculated that jg34407和jg34438 may indirectly affect seed coat luster traits by regulating protein degradation and secondary metabolite synthesis. This study provides a theoretical basis for gene cloning and molecular marker-assisted breeding in the later stage.
The luster of seed coat not only affects the appearance quality and commodity value of mung bean, but also is closely related to the stress resistance of crops. In this study, the F2 segregating population was constructed by crossing the shine mung bean variety Binglv 15 and the dull mung bean variety Jilv 20. The BSA-seq technology was used to map the mung bean seed coat luster-related genes, and the mapping interval of 11.43 Mb was obtained. Further development of 8 KASP molecular markers and 7 InDel molecular markers narrowed the interval. Finally, the candidate genes controlling the seed coat luster of mung bean was mapped to a region of 9,969,581 bp-10,362,350 bp on chromosome 11, with a size of 0.38 Mb. Through the analysis of gene function annotation in the database, 9 non-synonymous mutant genes were annotated in the positioning interval, combined with qRT-PCR expression analysis, 6 candidate genes of mung bean seed coat luster traits were screened out, including jg34407, jg34408, jg34414, jg34422, jg34433 and jg34438. Among them, jg34407 and jg34423 genes were annotated as E3 ubiquitin protein ligase, and jg34438 gene was annotated as transcription factor MYC2. It is speculated that jg34407和jg34438 may indirectly affect seed coat luster traits by regulating protein degradation and secondary metabolite synthesis. This study provides a theoretical basis for gene cloning and molecular marker-assisted breeding in the later stage.
HU Liangliang, Chen Yanhua, Wang Cheng, CHEN Tianxiao, CAO Rong, SONG Qiannan, WANG Suhua, 罗高玲, 申惠波, WANG Lixia, CHENG Xuzhen, CHEN Honglin
Available online: June 10, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250323002
Abstract:
The yield of adzuki bean (Vigna angularis L.) is a complex quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes, and is significantly influenced by genotype (G), environment (E), and genotype-by-environment (G × E) interactions. To understand the genetic diversity and environmental effects on yield-related traits in adzuki bean germplasm, and to identify superior accessions, 310 adzuki bean accessions from China and abroad were evaluated in field trials conducted over two years (2022-2023) at three ecologically diverse locations: Beijing, Qiqihar, and Nanning. Key yield-related traits, including plant height, growth period, pods per plant, seeds per pod, pod length, hundred-seed weight, and plot yield, were systematically investigated and analyzed. The results showed that all yield-related traits exhibited highly significant differences (P < 0.01) among different accessions and environments, and were significantly affected by G, E, and G × E interactions. Pods per plant, hundred-grain weight, plant height, number of primary branches, and seeds per pod were all significantly or highly significantly and positively correlated with plot yield (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), with pods per plant showing the strongest correlation coefficient. Path analysis revealed that pods per plant had the largest direct effect on plot yield. Cluster analysis based on yield-related traits grouped the 310 accessions into four clusters, with significant differences in yield traits among clusters. Comprehensive evaluation identified a set of accessions, such as HuaXiaoDou (B0000282), and HongXiaoDou (B0004139) with desirable characteristics such as long pods, large seeds, high yield, and yield stability. This study reveals the genetic diversity and environmental adaptability of yield-related traits in adzuki bean, providing a theoretical basis and material foundation for the evaluation, selection, utilization, and breeding for high yield in adzuki bean.
The yield of adzuki bean (Vigna angularis L.) is a complex quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes, and is significantly influenced by genotype (G), environment (E), and genotype-by-environment (G × E) interactions. To understand the genetic diversity and environmental effects on yield-related traits in adzuki bean germplasm, and to identify superior accessions, 310 adzuki bean accessions from China and abroad were evaluated in field trials conducted over two years (2022-2023) at three ecologically diverse locations: Beijing, Qiqihar, and Nanning. Key yield-related traits, including plant height, growth period, pods per plant, seeds per pod, pod length, hundred-seed weight, and plot yield, were systematically investigated and analyzed. The results showed that all yield-related traits exhibited highly significant differences (P < 0.01) among different accessions and environments, and were significantly affected by G, E, and G × E interactions. Pods per plant, hundred-grain weight, plant height, number of primary branches, and seeds per pod were all significantly or highly significantly and positively correlated with plot yield (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), with pods per plant showing the strongest correlation coefficient. Path analysis revealed that pods per plant had the largest direct effect on plot yield. Cluster analysis based on yield-related traits grouped the 310 accessions into four clusters, with significant differences in yield traits among clusters. Comprehensive evaluation identified a set of accessions, such as HuaXiaoDou (B0000282), and HongXiaoDou (B0004139) with desirable characteristics such as long pods, large seeds, high yield, and yield stability. This study reveals the genetic diversity and environmental adaptability of yield-related traits in adzuki bean, providing a theoretical basis and material foundation for the evaluation, selection, utilization, and breeding for high yield in adzuki bean.
ZHANG Jiang-mei, LI Yi-han, CHENG ZI-zhuo, lifeng, MA Xiao-he, HUANG Li-ping, WANG min, ZHU yue, XUN Zhi-li, ZHAO Qi-feng
Available online: June 09, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250320001
Abstract:
This study systematically evaluated the genetic diversity characteristics of 18 fruit traits in 324 grape germplasm resources from the National Grape Germplasm Repository using multivariate statistical methods. Phenotypic variation analysis revealed that the coefficients of variation for traits such as single fruit weight, flesh texture, and hardness ranged from 10.54% -63.58%, with Shannon-Wiener diversity indices of 0.69-2.07. Notably, cluster length (2.05), cluster width (2.07), and fruit longitudinal (2.05) and transverse diameters (2.06) exhibited prominent genetic diversity. Correlation analysis indicated that single fruit weight showed significant positive correlations with fruit longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, and hardness, identifying it as a key indicator for large-fruit breeding. Cluster analysis categorized the 324 grape germplasms into four groups at a Euclidean distance of 13.605: Group I
This study systematically evaluated the genetic diversity characteristics of 18 fruit traits in 324 grape germplasm resources from the National Grape Germplasm Repository using multivariate statistical methods. Phenotypic variation analysis revealed that the coefficients of variation for traits such as single fruit weight, flesh texture, and hardness ranged from 10.54% -63.58%, with Shannon-Wiener diversity indices of 0.69-2.07. Notably, cluster length (2.05), cluster width (2.07), and fruit longitudinal (2.05) and transverse diameters (2.06) exhibited prominent genetic diversity. Correlation analysis indicated that single fruit weight showed significant positive correlations with fruit longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, and hardness, identifying it as a key indicator for large-fruit breeding. Cluster analysis categorized the 324 grape germplasms into four groups at a Euclidean distance of 13.605: Group I
Available online: June 09, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250307001
Abstract:
【Objective】As a key ornamental plant for urban and rural landscape construction, the limited heat tolerance of garden chrysanthemum restricts its spatio-temporal application scope and aesthetic performance. This study aimed to establish a heat tolerance evaluation system and screen heat-tolerant cultivars through UAV-based phenotyping platform and RGB image analysis, providing scientific support for landscape design and cultivar improvement.【Methods】Field experiments were conducted on 22 garden chrysanthemum cultivars over two years (2023 with normal high temperature and 2024 with extreme high temperature). UAV aerial imagery was employed to quantify phenotypic parameters, including increments in plant height (?H), crown diameter (?D), orthophoto canopy area (?S), and coefficient of variation of the Visible Atmospherically Resistant Index (VARI). Heat tolerance indicators were calculated based on the rate of change under extreme heat stress, followed by hierarchical cluster analysis to classify heat tolerance levels.【Results】The 22 cultivars were categorized into three groups:(1)Heat-preferring type (4 cultivars):Exhibited significantly increased growth metrics and superior VARI stability under heat stress compared to control conditions.(2)Heat-tolerant type (11 cultivars):Maintained consistent crown growth between years with increased plant height, though some showed elevated VARI variability.(3)Heat-sensitive type (7 cultivars):Demonstrated marked growth inhibition and physiological dysfunction under high-temperature stress.【Conclusion】UAV-acquired RGB phenotyping enables efficient batch evaluation of heat tolerance in garden chrysanthemum germplasm. This study identified 15 heat-tolerant cultivars (including heat-preferring and heat-tolerant types) as reliable genetic resources for landscaping in high-temperature regions, while advancing smart breeding technologies for ornamental species.
【Objective】As a key ornamental plant for urban and rural landscape construction, the limited heat tolerance of garden chrysanthemum restricts its spatio-temporal application scope and aesthetic performance. This study aimed to establish a heat tolerance evaluation system and screen heat-tolerant cultivars through UAV-based phenotyping platform and RGB image analysis, providing scientific support for landscape design and cultivar improvement.【Methods】Field experiments were conducted on 22 garden chrysanthemum cultivars over two years (2023 with normal high temperature and 2024 with extreme high temperature). UAV aerial imagery was employed to quantify phenotypic parameters, including increments in plant height (?H), crown diameter (?D), orthophoto canopy area (?S), and coefficient of variation of the Visible Atmospherically Resistant Index (VARI). Heat tolerance indicators were calculated based on the rate of change under extreme heat stress, followed by hierarchical cluster analysis to classify heat tolerance levels.【Results】The 22 cultivars were categorized into three groups:(1)Heat-preferring type (4 cultivars):Exhibited significantly increased growth metrics and superior VARI stability under heat stress compared to control conditions.(2)Heat-tolerant type (11 cultivars):Maintained consistent crown growth between years with increased plant height, though some showed elevated VARI variability.(3)Heat-sensitive type (7 cultivars):Demonstrated marked growth inhibition and physiological dysfunction under high-temperature stress.【Conclusion】UAV-acquired RGB phenotyping enables efficient batch evaluation of heat tolerance in garden chrysanthemum germplasm. This study identified 15 heat-tolerant cultivars (including heat-preferring and heat-tolerant types) as reliable genetic resources for landscaping in high-temperature regions, while advancing smart breeding technologies for ornamental species.
Available online: June 06, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250401002
Abstract:
The perennial Glycine tomentella is only distributed in the southeast coastal zone of China. It was listed as a national key protected wild plant by the state in 2021. How to reasonably and effectively conduct sampling among geographical populations is of great significance for the evaluation of genetic diversity and geographical variation of this species and the collection of germplasm resources. In this study, 24 pairs of SSR markers with stable bands were selected from 400 pairs of species specific SSR primers, and 33 populations of G. tomentella were analyzed by SSR. PCR amplification and 6% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) detection showed that the average number of alleles ranged from 6 to 19, with an average of 11.83; The expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.47 to 0.928; The outcrossing rate was low (0.3% on average); The genetic variation among populations (22.33%) was less than that within populations (77.13%), the average population differentiation coefficient was low (Gst=0.225), and had a high level of gene flow (Nm=0.608). Spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that there was a significant genetic correlation in the range of 125 km. STRUCTURE analysis showed that 33 populations had two main genetic component background groups and were divided into three clusters using Nei`s genetic distance NJ clustering, which was basically consistent with the geographical distribution of northern, central and southern populations. F-statistics showed that each population had its own specific genetic structure. Therefore, according to the characteristics that the species is only distributed in the narrow coastal zone of Fujian and Guangdong in China, the high genetic variation within the population and the significant genetic differences among populations, the proposed sampling strategy is to collect as many populations as possible.
The perennial Glycine tomentella is only distributed in the southeast coastal zone of China. It was listed as a national key protected wild plant by the state in 2021. How to reasonably and effectively conduct sampling among geographical populations is of great significance for the evaluation of genetic diversity and geographical variation of this species and the collection of germplasm resources. In this study, 24 pairs of SSR markers with stable bands were selected from 400 pairs of species specific SSR primers, and 33 populations of G. tomentella were analyzed by SSR. PCR amplification and 6% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) detection showed that the average number of alleles ranged from 6 to 19, with an average of 11.83; The expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.47 to 0.928; The outcrossing rate was low (0.3% on average); The genetic variation among populations (22.33%) was less than that within populations (77.13%), the average population differentiation coefficient was low (Gst=0.225), and had a high level of gene flow (Nm=0.608). Spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that there was a significant genetic correlation in the range of 125 km. STRUCTURE analysis showed that 33 populations had two main genetic component background groups and were divided into three clusters using Nei`s genetic distance NJ clustering, which was basically consistent with the geographical distribution of northern, central and southern populations. F-statistics showed that each population had its own specific genetic structure. Therefore, according to the characteristics that the species is only distributed in the narrow coastal zone of Fujian and Guangdong in China, the high genetic variation within the population and the significant genetic differences among populations, the proposed sampling strategy is to collect as many populations as possible.
Available online: June 04, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250311001
Abstract:
Anthurium andraeanum, originating from the rainforests regions of South America, is a herbaceous plant valued for its beautiful flowers and leaves. Its rich colors and unique flower morphology have made it highly popular worldwide. However, problems such as reproductive barriers and complex genetic background in Anthurium andraeanum have greatly hindered its breeding procgress. Traditional breeding methods are difficult to effectively solve the problems of long growth cycle and poor stress resistance. Transgenic technology, especially genome editing technology, is expected to overcome these barriers. This review summarizes recent research progress of hybrid breeding, mutation breeding, ploidy breeding and genetically modified breeding of Anthurium. It also analyzes the main problems still present in current breeding efforts. In addition, this study explores the potential application of the rapidly developed CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology in germplasm innovation and variety improvement of Anthurium, providing insights for future breeding. It is hoped that, the integration of transgenic and gene-editing breeding technologies with conventional breeding methods will enhance Anthurium breeding techniques, and creat more high-quality Anthurium germplasm resources in the future.
Anthurium andraeanum, originating from the rainforests regions of South America, is a herbaceous plant valued for its beautiful flowers and leaves. Its rich colors and unique flower morphology have made it highly popular worldwide. However, problems such as reproductive barriers and complex genetic background in Anthurium andraeanum have greatly hindered its breeding procgress. Traditional breeding methods are difficult to effectively solve the problems of long growth cycle and poor stress resistance. Transgenic technology, especially genome editing technology, is expected to overcome these barriers. This review summarizes recent research progress of hybrid breeding, mutation breeding, ploidy breeding and genetically modified breeding of Anthurium. It also analyzes the main problems still present in current breeding efforts. In addition, this study explores the potential application of the rapidly developed CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology in germplasm innovation and variety improvement of Anthurium, providing insights for future breeding. It is hoped that, the integration of transgenic and gene-editing breeding technologies with conventional breeding methods will enhance Anthurium breeding techniques, and creat more high-quality Anthurium germplasm resources in the future.
Available online: May 28, 2025
Abstract:
Soluble solids content (SSC) in cucumber fruits is a key indicator of its nutritional quality and flavor characteristics. In order to analyze the genetic regulation mechanism of this trait, we selected the high SSC parent ''21A140'', the low SSC parent ''17s-132'' and their F2 segregating populations, and used BSA-Seq technology to localize the QTL for soluble solids content in cucumber fruits. The results showed that nine significant association regions were successfully identified on chromosomes 1 and 6, 109 candidate genes were obtained, and eight candidate genes related to soluble solids content were screened out by gene annotation. qRT-PCR analysis showed that there were seven candidate genes in the fruits of ''21A140'' and ''17s-132'', of which CsaV3_1G027950 (on chromosome 1), CsaV3_6G004010 and CsaV3_6G012740 (on chromosome 6) are involved in sucrose metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, transcriptional regulation and other biological processes, and are presumed to be the key candidate genes for regulating soluble solids content in cucumber fruit. This study provides a theoretical basis for the cloning of cucumber fruit soluble solids content regulation genes and the development of molecular markers.
Soluble solids content (SSC) in cucumber fruits is a key indicator of its nutritional quality and flavor characteristics. In order to analyze the genetic regulation mechanism of this trait, we selected the high SSC parent ''21A140'', the low SSC parent ''17s-132'' and their F2 segregating populations, and used BSA-Seq technology to localize the QTL for soluble solids content in cucumber fruits. The results showed that nine significant association regions were successfully identified on chromosomes 1 and 6, 109 candidate genes were obtained, and eight candidate genes related to soluble solids content were screened out by gene annotation. qRT-PCR analysis showed that there were seven candidate genes in the fruits of ''21A140'' and ''17s-132'', of which CsaV3_1G027950 (on chromosome 1), CsaV3_6G004010 and CsaV3_6G012740 (on chromosome 6) are involved in sucrose metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, transcriptional regulation and other biological processes, and are presumed to be the key candidate genes for regulating soluble solids content in cucumber fruit. This study provides a theoretical basis for the cloning of cucumber fruit soluble solids content regulation genes and the development of molecular markers.
jianping yu, xingen li, bo zhao, ping wan, xiaocao wu, yuxin wen, yuan li, zexuan shang, yuan wei, kai yang, yongqiang li, runzhi li
Available online: May 15, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250207002
Abstract:
Identification of genetic loci related to the flowering time in adzuki bean is crucial for adzuki bean breeding and production. The flowing time of a natural population of 220 cultivated adzuki beans were identified at two consecutive years in Ma’ anshan city, Anhui province. The population structure of this population was analyzed based on SNPs obtained from whole genome resequencing, and then a mixed linear model was used for genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) of flowering time. The results indicate that population structure analysis divides adzuki bean accessions into three subpopulations (G1, G2, G3), which are related to the geographical location and variety type. The flowering time of adzuki bean accessions exhibited abundant variations, ranging from 40 to 81 days, with significant differences in flowering time among different subpopulations. Eight QTLs for flowering time, distributed on chromosomes 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, and 11, were identified by GWAS. Based on gene function annotation, 9 candidate genes that may affect the flowering time were preliminarily screened from these QTL intervals. Haplotype analysis was performed on four candidate genes, Vigan02g270300 (Clp1 family protein in precursor mRNA splicing complex II), Vigan10g218300 (CDF transcription factor), Vigan11g079500 (CONSTANS-like zinc finger protein) and Vigan11g080900 (vernalization insensitive protein VIL1). We found that the hap2 of Vigan10g218300 is associated with early flowering. This study provides a theoretical basis for further analyzing the genetic mechanism of flowering regulation in adzuki beans and breeding new adzuki bean varieties with suitable growth periods.
Identification of genetic loci related to the flowering time in adzuki bean is crucial for adzuki bean breeding and production. The flowing time of a natural population of 220 cultivated adzuki beans were identified at two consecutive years in Ma’ anshan city, Anhui province. The population structure of this population was analyzed based on SNPs obtained from whole genome resequencing, and then a mixed linear model was used for genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) of flowering time. The results indicate that population structure analysis divides adzuki bean accessions into three subpopulations (G1, G2, G3), which are related to the geographical location and variety type. The flowering time of adzuki bean accessions exhibited abundant variations, ranging from 40 to 81 days, with significant differences in flowering time among different subpopulations. Eight QTLs for flowering time, distributed on chromosomes 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, and 11, were identified by GWAS. Based on gene function annotation, 9 candidate genes that may affect the flowering time were preliminarily screened from these QTL intervals. Haplotype analysis was performed on four candidate genes, Vigan02g270300 (Clp1 family protein in precursor mRNA splicing complex II), Vigan10g218300 (CDF transcription factor), Vigan11g079500 (CONSTANS-like zinc finger protein) and Vigan11g080900 (vernalization insensitive protein VIL1). We found that the hap2 of Vigan10g218300 is associated with early flowering. This study provides a theoretical basis for further analyzing the genetic mechanism of flowering regulation in adzuki beans and breeding new adzuki bean varieties with suitable growth periods.
郝 晓 鹏, qiufuyi, yangcaiyu, lijia, zhaomin, wangyan, dongxue, zhaojiandong, qinhuibin, limeng, housen, changjianwu, wanghaigang, muzhixin
Available online: May 14, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250216001
Abstract:
Shanxi Province is located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River and the eastern wing of the Loess Plateau. It is the birthplace of China''s agricultural civilization and is known as the "minor crop" kingdom. Food legume seed resources are diverse and rich in types and numbers, and have important research and utilization value in Shanxi Province. In this study, we conducted an investigation and analysis based on the data obtained from the third national crop germplasm resource census and collection action. The results show that 6177 collections, including 1907 collections of food legumes resources, belonging to 1 family, 8 genera, and 14 species, were collected in Shanxi Province. Based on environmental adaptability and ecological habits, 1,907 food legumes are divided into three categories: cool-season legumes, warm-season legumes and hot-season legumes. According to their use and utilization methods, they are divided into six categories: grain, vegetable, feed, medicine, green manure and ornamental gardening. The number of germplasm resources collected in 11 prefecture-level cities from more to less is as follows: Linfen, Xinzhou, Luliang, Yuncheng, Datong, Jinzhong, Changzhi, Jincheng, Taiyuan, Shuozhou and Yangquan. Common bean is grown in 11 prefecture-level cities and have a significant advantage in the numbers of germplasm, followed by cowpea, mung bean and pea. From the geographical distribution, among the 14 bean species, cool-season legumes are planted in the central and northern regions of Shanxi Province, while warm-season legumes in the central and southern, with hot-season legumes in the north and south. From the perspective of resource distribution in altitude, 868 collections were collected between 800 and 1200 m, followed by 594 (1200-1600 m), 21 (< 400 m) and 4 (> 2000 m). From the perspective of soil types of the source of germplasm resources, the source of 1907 resources are divided into 7 soil classes, 10 soil great groups, and 21 sub-categories. Among the 10 soil great groups, cinnamon soil has an absolute advantage, with a total of 1,247 resources from this soil great group, followed by chestnut cinnamon soil and loessial soil. The number of brown soil resources is the smallest, with only 1 collection. In addition, a resource diversity analysis was carried out with pea as an example. Based on pea resources phenotype data collected, 87 pea resources were divided into 6 groups through clustering analysis. Thirteen phenotype traits were compressed into 4 principal components with the principal component analysis (cumulative contribution rate of 76.94%), as well as were divided into 5 categories based on the phenotype trait correlation and cluster analysis. Through the above 1907 food legumes germplasm resources survey and field appraisal evaluation, we can have a full understanding of collections from the third crop germplasm resource census and collection actions in Shanxi Province, and can provide a scientific basis for the research, utilization and protection of food legumes.
Shanxi Province is located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River and the eastern wing of the Loess Plateau. It is the birthplace of China''s agricultural civilization and is known as the "minor crop" kingdom. Food legume seed resources are diverse and rich in types and numbers, and have important research and utilization value in Shanxi Province. In this study, we conducted an investigation and analysis based on the data obtained from the third national crop germplasm resource census and collection action. The results show that 6177 collections, including 1907 collections of food legumes resources, belonging to 1 family, 8 genera, and 14 species, were collected in Shanxi Province. Based on environmental adaptability and ecological habits, 1,907 food legumes are divided into three categories: cool-season legumes, warm-season legumes and hot-season legumes. According to their use and utilization methods, they are divided into six categories: grain, vegetable, feed, medicine, green manure and ornamental gardening. The number of germplasm resources collected in 11 prefecture-level cities from more to less is as follows: Linfen, Xinzhou, Luliang, Yuncheng, Datong, Jinzhong, Changzhi, Jincheng, Taiyuan, Shuozhou and Yangquan. Common bean is grown in 11 prefecture-level cities and have a significant advantage in the numbers of germplasm, followed by cowpea, mung bean and pea. From the geographical distribution, among the 14 bean species, cool-season legumes are planted in the central and northern regions of Shanxi Province, while warm-season legumes in the central and southern, with hot-season legumes in the north and south. From the perspective of resource distribution in altitude, 868 collections were collected between 800 and 1200 m, followed by 594 (1200-1600 m), 21 (< 400 m) and 4 (> 2000 m). From the perspective of soil types of the source of germplasm resources, the source of 1907 resources are divided into 7 soil classes, 10 soil great groups, and 21 sub-categories. Among the 10 soil great groups, cinnamon soil has an absolute advantage, with a total of 1,247 resources from this soil great group, followed by chestnut cinnamon soil and loessial soil. The number of brown soil resources is the smallest, with only 1 collection. In addition, a resource diversity analysis was carried out with pea as an example. Based on pea resources phenotype data collected, 87 pea resources were divided into 6 groups through clustering analysis. Thirteen phenotype traits were compressed into 4 principal components with the principal component analysis (cumulative contribution rate of 76.94%), as well as were divided into 5 categories based on the phenotype trait correlation and cluster analysis. Through the above 1907 food legumes germplasm resources survey and field appraisal evaluation, we can have a full understanding of collections from the third crop germplasm resource census and collection actions in Shanxi Province, and can provide a scientific basis for the research, utilization and protection of food legumes.
Available online: May 14, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250303001
Abstract:
The genetic diversity analysis was conducted on 176 collected mung bean germplasm resources in Hunan Province from 2015 to 2022. The results showed that mung bean germplasm resources are widely distributed across the province, with a large altitudinal range. The genetic diversity index for qualitative traits was relatively low, while that for quantitative traits was higher, with a larger coefficient of variation. 176 germplasm resources were divided into six groups by cluster analysis, among which Group II was characterized by multiple branches and high yield, Group III by short stature, and Group VI by tall stature, long pods, and large seeds. ten quantitative traits were extracted into five principal components with eigen values greater than 1 by principal component analysis, accounting for a cumulative contribution rate of 79.959%. The comprehensive evaluation scores of the 176 mung bean germplasm resources ranged from 0.137 to 0.588, and seven superior germplasm resources with scores greater than 0.5 were identified, including two long-pod, two high-yield, two tall-stature, and one large-seed resource. This study provides a multi-faceted analysis and evaluation of mung bean germplasm resources in Hunan Province, offering valuable insights for future germplasm innovation and new variety breeding.
The genetic diversity analysis was conducted on 176 collected mung bean germplasm resources in Hunan Province from 2015 to 2022. The results showed that mung bean germplasm resources are widely distributed across the province, with a large altitudinal range. The genetic diversity index for qualitative traits was relatively low, while that for quantitative traits was higher, with a larger coefficient of variation. 176 germplasm resources were divided into six groups by cluster analysis, among which Group II was characterized by multiple branches and high yield, Group III by short stature, and Group VI by tall stature, long pods, and large seeds. ten quantitative traits were extracted into five principal components with eigen values greater than 1 by principal component analysis, accounting for a cumulative contribution rate of 79.959%. The comprehensive evaluation scores of the 176 mung bean germplasm resources ranged from 0.137 to 0.588, and seven superior germplasm resources with scores greater than 0.5 were identified, including two long-pod, two high-yield, two tall-stature, and one large-seed resource. This study provides a multi-faceted analysis and evaluation of mung bean germplasm resources in Hunan Province, offering valuable insights for future germplasm innovation and new variety breeding.
YU Sijia#, YU Taifei#, SUN Xianjun, WANG Shijia, WU Shuyu, JIANG Xuemin, HU Zheng, CHANG Yujie, WU Jing, CHEN Rui, ZHANG Hui, JING Qiyan
Available online: May 14, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250220003
Abstract:
Bean is an important edible legume in China, with rich nutritional content and wide application value. Salt stress seriously affects the growth and development of kidney beans. This study used bean F0006591 as the material and treated it with 0.2 M NaCl solution. RNA sequencing analysis was performed on the roots treated for 0, 6, 9, 12, and 24 hours. The results showed that compared with salt stress at 0 hours, a total of 3383 differentially expressed genes changed at different time points; Through Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, it was found that genes related to biological processes such as salt stress, oxidative stress, and cell defense could be enriched at various time points of salt treatment, mainly involved in plant hormone signaling, glycolysis, glutathione metabolism, and other pathways; Further analysis of the dynamic changes in the expression levels of key enzyme genes selected from various metabolic pathways revealed significant correlations between genes related to antioxidant stress, energy metabolism, and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, and showed a significant positive correlation with the response of beans to salt stress. These genes may play an important role in the regulatory network of bean salt stress response. This study provides a reference for the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance in kidney beans.
Bean is an important edible legume in China, with rich nutritional content and wide application value. Salt stress seriously affects the growth and development of kidney beans. This study used bean F0006591 as the material and treated it with 0.2 M NaCl solution. RNA sequencing analysis was performed on the roots treated for 0, 6, 9, 12, and 24 hours. The results showed that compared with salt stress at 0 hours, a total of 3383 differentially expressed genes changed at different time points; Through Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, it was found that genes related to biological processes such as salt stress, oxidative stress, and cell defense could be enriched at various time points of salt treatment, mainly involved in plant hormone signaling, glycolysis, glutathione metabolism, and other pathways; Further analysis of the dynamic changes in the expression levels of key enzyme genes selected from various metabolic pathways revealed significant correlations between genes related to antioxidant stress, energy metabolism, and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, and showed a significant positive correlation with the response of beans to salt stress. These genes may play an important role in the regulatory network of bean salt stress response. This study provides a reference for the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance in kidney beans.
Available online: May 13, 2025
Abstract:
In order to study the effect of heat shock transcription factor TaHsfA2-13 on salt tolerance of wheat and its molecular mechanism, used Cang 6005 and TaHsfA2-13 gene editing mutant tahsfa2-13 were used to identify seedling phenotypes and analyze K+, Na+ content and K+/Na+ ratio in roots and leaves under salt stress. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the growth vogor and aboveground biomass between Cang6005 and the mutant tahsfa2-13 under normal growth conditions. After subjected to 200 mmol/L-1 NaCl solution, the plants of mutant tahsfa2-13 were shorter in stature than Cang6005, with more dry leaves, and the survival rate was significantly reduced after restoring to normal growth conditions. After salt stress, the Na+ content of mutant tahsfa2-13 leaves was higher than that of Cang6005, and the K+ and Na+ content of the roots were lower than those of the control Cang6005, with a greater loss of K+ in the roots. These changes lead to lower K+/Na+ ratios in both the roots and the leaves. Through transcriptome sequencing analysis, 9,369 and 2,433 differentially expressed genes were identified in the leaves and roots respectively. The results of GO enrichment were similar in both the leaves and roots, with the main enrichment in transcription, cytoplasmic, metal-ion binding and transmembrane transporter related to ion transport. Further analysis of the transmembrane transporter related to ion transport revealed that several genes of the family TaHAK and TaHKT, which are high-affinity transporter proteins involved in K+ ion transport, were differentially expressed in Cang6005 and the mutant tahsfa2-13. Among those, five TaHAK genes and five TaHKT genes were up-regulated, and three TaHAK genes and one TaHKT gene were down-regulated in leaves under salt stress. Four TaHKT genes and two TaHKT genes were down-regulated in roots under salt stress. The results suggest that TaHsfA2-13 may regulate the expression of potassium transporter-related genes, leading to the changes of contents and ratios of K+ and Na+in plants, thereby regulate the salt tolerance of plants. The results will provide a theoretical basis for further elucidating the molecular regulation mechanism of TaHsfA2-13 in the plant respond to salt stresses.
In order to study the effect of heat shock transcription factor TaHsfA2-13 on salt tolerance of wheat and its molecular mechanism, used Cang 6005 and TaHsfA2-13 gene editing mutant tahsfa2-13 were used to identify seedling phenotypes and analyze K+, Na+ content and K+/Na+ ratio in roots and leaves under salt stress. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the growth vogor and aboveground biomass between Cang6005 and the mutant tahsfa2-13 under normal growth conditions. After subjected to 200 mmol/L-1 NaCl solution, the plants of mutant tahsfa2-13 were shorter in stature than Cang6005, with more dry leaves, and the survival rate was significantly reduced after restoring to normal growth conditions. After salt stress, the Na+ content of mutant tahsfa2-13 leaves was higher than that of Cang6005, and the K+ and Na+ content of the roots were lower than those of the control Cang6005, with a greater loss of K+ in the roots. These changes lead to lower K+/Na+ ratios in both the roots and the leaves. Through transcriptome sequencing analysis, 9,369 and 2,433 differentially expressed genes were identified in the leaves and roots respectively. The results of GO enrichment were similar in both the leaves and roots, with the main enrichment in transcription, cytoplasmic, metal-ion binding and transmembrane transporter related to ion transport. Further analysis of the transmembrane transporter related to ion transport revealed that several genes of the family TaHAK and TaHKT, which are high-affinity transporter proteins involved in K+ ion transport, were differentially expressed in Cang6005 and the mutant tahsfa2-13. Among those, five TaHAK genes and five TaHKT genes were up-regulated, and three TaHAK genes and one TaHKT gene were down-regulated in leaves under salt stress. Four TaHKT genes and two TaHKT genes were down-regulated in roots under salt stress. The results suggest that TaHsfA2-13 may regulate the expression of potassium transporter-related genes, leading to the changes of contents and ratios of K+ and Na+in plants, thereby regulate the salt tolerance of plants. The results will provide a theoretical basis for further elucidating the molecular regulation mechanism of TaHsfA2-13 in the plant respond to salt stresses.
Available online: May 12, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250306002
Abstract:
This investigation conducted a comprehensive evaluation of fire blight resistance across 258 Malus sieversii accessions representing seven natural populations in the Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang, China. Utilizing standardized in vitro inoculation protocols for tender leaves, young shoots, and fruitlets with Erwinia amylovora strain E.aYZ003, complemented by longitudinal field surveillance of natural disease progression Results revealed distinct resistance patterns across tissues: fruitlets predominantly exhibited high resistance (HR), while tender leaves and shoots were mostly moderately susceptible (MS). Integrated analysis of in vitro and field data identified 28 resources with moderate resistance (MR) or higher. Among these, three accessions—‘GJS-4’, ‘GJS-12’, and ‘YA1-5’—demonstrated resistance (R) or higher across all tested tissues and field conditions. Significant inter-population variation was observed: the Gongliu population harbored the highest proportion of resistant resources, followed by Huocheng and Xinyuan populations. Yining County and Chabuchaer populations displayed intermediate resistance levels, whereas Emin and Tuoli populations exhibited the lowest resistance frequency. These study systematically characterized fire blight resistance in Malus sieversii germplasm, elucidated tissue-specific and population-level resistance variations, and identified promising resistant materials, providing a theoretical foundation for screening disease-resistant apple resources and fundamental materials for apple disease-resistant breeding programs.
This investigation conducted a comprehensive evaluation of fire blight resistance across 258 Malus sieversii accessions representing seven natural populations in the Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang, China. Utilizing standardized in vitro inoculation protocols for tender leaves, young shoots, and fruitlets with Erwinia amylovora strain E.aYZ003, complemented by longitudinal field surveillance of natural disease progression Results revealed distinct resistance patterns across tissues: fruitlets predominantly exhibited high resistance (HR), while tender leaves and shoots were mostly moderately susceptible (MS). Integrated analysis of in vitro and field data identified 28 resources with moderate resistance (MR) or higher. Among these, three accessions—‘GJS-4’, ‘GJS-12’, and ‘YA1-5’—demonstrated resistance (R) or higher across all tested tissues and field conditions. Significant inter-population variation was observed: the Gongliu population harbored the highest proportion of resistant resources, followed by Huocheng and Xinyuan populations. Yining County and Chabuchaer populations displayed intermediate resistance levels, whereas Emin and Tuoli populations exhibited the lowest resistance frequency. These study systematically characterized fire blight resistance in Malus sieversii germplasm, elucidated tissue-specific and population-level resistance variations, and identified promising resistant materials, providing a theoretical foundation for screening disease-resistant apple resources and fundamental materials for apple disease-resistant breeding programs.
王 露 欢, ZHANG Xiaoji, LIU Qimei, ZHANG Xiaoyu, ZHANG Xin, Xue Yunyun, ZHANG Huiqi, Tian Yaoxia, LI Na, WANG Pengdong, BAI Dongmei
Available online: May 12, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250225001
Abstract:
In this study, 12 different peanut varieties were treated with NaCl solutions at 7 concentration gradients of 0, 50, 75, 85, 100, 125, and 150 mmol/L for salt stress treatment. It was screened out that 85 mmol/L was the appropriate concentration for identifying the salt tolerance of peanuts during the germination period. A total of 88 peanut varieties from different provinces were comprehensively evaluated for salt tolerance and classified into different grades using a concentration of 85 mmol/L. The relative germination potential, relative germination rate, relative bud length, relative bud weight, etc. were used as salt-tolerance evaluation indicators. Comprehensive evaluation was carried out using methods such as principal component analysis, membership function, and hierarchical clustering. The salt tolerance of the 88 peanut varieties during the germination period could be divided into five groups. Two highly salt-tolerant germplasms, Fenhua 13 and Huayu 910, and two highly salt-sensitive germplasms, Huayu 9144 and Longhua 7, were screened out. The salt tolerance of a genetic population consisting of 200 families with whole-genome resequencing, constructed by crossing "Huayu 44 (salt-tolerant) × DF12 (salt-sensitive)", was identified. Combined with the constructed genetic map, QTL mapping was carried out. The outcomes indicated that, under salt stress conditions, a total of 4 QTLs were mapped. These QTLs were situated on chromosomes A10 and B10, with a phenotypic variation of 4.60% - 5.85%. The results of this study can offer materials and theoretical support for the identification, cultivation of salt - tolerant peanut varieties, and the exploration of salt - tolerance genes.
In this study, 12 different peanut varieties were treated with NaCl solutions at 7 concentration gradients of 0, 50, 75, 85, 100, 125, and 150 mmol/L for salt stress treatment. It was screened out that 85 mmol/L was the appropriate concentration for identifying the salt tolerance of peanuts during the germination period. A total of 88 peanut varieties from different provinces were comprehensively evaluated for salt tolerance and classified into different grades using a concentration of 85 mmol/L. The relative germination potential, relative germination rate, relative bud length, relative bud weight, etc. were used as salt-tolerance evaluation indicators. Comprehensive evaluation was carried out using methods such as principal component analysis, membership function, and hierarchical clustering. The salt tolerance of the 88 peanut varieties during the germination period could be divided into five groups. Two highly salt-tolerant germplasms, Fenhua 13 and Huayu 910, and two highly salt-sensitive germplasms, Huayu 9144 and Longhua 7, were screened out. The salt tolerance of a genetic population consisting of 200 families with whole-genome resequencing, constructed by crossing "Huayu 44 (salt-tolerant) × DF12 (salt-sensitive)", was identified. Combined with the constructed genetic map, QTL mapping was carried out. The outcomes indicated that, under salt stress conditions, a total of 4 QTLs were mapped. These QTLs were situated on chromosomes A10 and B10, with a phenotypic variation of 4.60% - 5.85%. The results of this study can offer materials and theoretical support for the identification, cultivation of salt - tolerant peanut varieties, and the exploration of salt - tolerance genes.
Available online: May 12, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250306006
Abstract:
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a globally important food crop, with its heading date directly influencing regional adaptability and yield potential. OsFD1 is a key gene regulating the heading date in rice, yet its genetic diversity and functional variations have not been thoroughly investigated. This study employed resequencing technology to analyze nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotypes of the OsFD1 gene in 192 Asian cultivated rice accessions and 58 wild rice samples, integrating heading date data to explore its functional role. The results revealed that the coding and promoter regions of OsFD1 contain 1 InDel and 18 SNP variations, forming 7 exon haplotypes (Coding region haplotype, Chap) and 6 upstream haplotypes (Promoter region haplotype, Phap). Functional haplotype analysis indicated that five variations in the coding region (21,292,259 bp, CCT deletion; 21,292,352 bp, C→A; 21,292,370 bp, T→C; 21,292,477 bp, G→A; 21,292,634 bp, T→C) are significantly associated with the heading date in cultivated rice. The CCT deletion at 21,292,259 bp leads to the loss of hydrogen bond during the formation of FACHd3a. Promoter region analysis identified a T→A variation at -1995 bp in indica rice (Phap2 : Aus ), resulting in the loss of a GATA-motif element, while japonica rice retained the intact GATA-motif, potentially contributing to heading date differences between subspecies. No unique variations were found in the coding region of OsFD1 in wild rice, suggesting that specific variations were gradually fixed in different cultivated rice populations during domestication. Additionally, new variations emerged in cultivated rice, leading to heading date diversity. The natural variations and haplotype diversity of OsFD1 provide a genetic basis for rice adaptation to varying photoperiods and climatic conditions, reflecting adaptive evolution and offering potential targets for molecular breeding. Further research into the function and regulatory mechanisms of OsFD1 will facilitate precise regulation of heading date and advance rice variety improvement.
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a globally important food crop, with its heading date directly influencing regional adaptability and yield potential. OsFD1 is a key gene regulating the heading date in rice, yet its genetic diversity and functional variations have not been thoroughly investigated. This study employed resequencing technology to analyze nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotypes of the OsFD1 gene in 192 Asian cultivated rice accessions and 58 wild rice samples, integrating heading date data to explore its functional role. The results revealed that the coding and promoter regions of OsFD1 contain 1 InDel and 18 SNP variations, forming 7 exon haplotypes (Coding region haplotype, Chap) and 6 upstream haplotypes (Promoter region haplotype, Phap). Functional haplotype analysis indicated that five variations in the coding region (21,292,259 bp, CCT deletion; 21,292,352 bp, C→A; 21,292,370 bp, T→C; 21,292,477 bp, G→A; 21,292,634 bp, T→C) are significantly associated with the heading date in cultivated rice. The CCT deletion at 21,292,259 bp leads to the loss of hydrogen bond during the formation of FACHd3a. Promoter region analysis identified a T→A variation at -1995 bp in indica rice (Phap2 : Aus ), resulting in the loss of a GATA-motif element, while japonica rice retained the intact GATA-motif, potentially contributing to heading date differences between subspecies. No unique variations were found in the coding region of OsFD1 in wild rice, suggesting that specific variations were gradually fixed in different cultivated rice populations during domestication. Additionally, new variations emerged in cultivated rice, leading to heading date diversity. The natural variations and haplotype diversity of OsFD1 provide a genetic basis for rice adaptation to varying photoperiods and climatic conditions, reflecting adaptive evolution and offering potential targets for molecular breeding. Further research into the function and regulatory mechanisms of OsFD1 will facilitate precise regulation of heading date and advance rice variety improvement.
ZHAO Xiangguang, ZHANG Hao, FENG Xinkang, WANG Qi, SUN Daqian, CHU Li, LI Yinghui, DU Jidao, QIU Lijuan
Available online: May 12, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250308001
Abstract:
Abstract: Soybean oil, as one of the important vegetable oils, has its nutritional value and stability determined by the composition and content of unsaturated fatty acids in the oil fraction. The ratio of unsaturated fatty acid components not only directly influences the quality of soybean oil but is also closely associated with consumers'' health. Although there have been numerous studies on unsaturated fatty acids in soybeans centered around the FAD2 gene, it can only explain about 60 % of the genetic variation, leaving a great deal of room to explore other genes for the coordinated regulation of unsaturated fatty acids. Thus, it is of great significance to deeply explore other key loci related to unsaturated fatty acids and screen out excellent genes applicable for breeding to cultivate functional soybean varieties.In this study, the contents of oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid in 359 soybean germplasms were determined. Using the mixed linear model of GEMMA software, a genome-wide association analysis was conducted on these three components. Five significant loci that simultaneously regulate the three components and two high-confidence loci (13-13101056 and 14-46813345) significantly associated with linolenic acid were identified. Further, by combining linkage disequilibrium analysis (LD) and functional annotation, the linolenic acid-related gene GmFAD3A, which encodes a fatty acid desaturase, was identified. Haplotype analysis found that there is a non-synonymous mutation site (14-46811463 T/C) in the third exon of GmFAD3A, forming two haplotypes. Among them, the linolenic acid content of the germplasm carrying GmFAD3AT was significantly lower than that of the germplasm carrying GmFAD3AC, while the oleic acid content was higher than that of the germplasm carrying GmFAD3AC. The domestication analysis of the excellent allele GmFAD3AT showed that it accounted for 95.5 % in wild soybeans, this proportion decreased to 85.6 % in landraces, and increased to 91.7 % in selected varieties. This study provides a reliable theoretical basis for the improvement of unsaturated fatty acid components in soybeans, and provides important loci and genes for cultivating soybean varieties with low linolenic acid/high oleic acid content and an ideal ratio of unsaturated fatty acids.
Abstract: Soybean oil, as one of the important vegetable oils, has its nutritional value and stability determined by the composition and content of unsaturated fatty acids in the oil fraction. The ratio of unsaturated fatty acid components not only directly influences the quality of soybean oil but is also closely associated with consumers'' health. Although there have been numerous studies on unsaturated fatty acids in soybeans centered around the FAD2 gene, it can only explain about 60 % of the genetic variation, leaving a great deal of room to explore other genes for the coordinated regulation of unsaturated fatty acids. Thus, it is of great significance to deeply explore other key loci related to unsaturated fatty acids and screen out excellent genes applicable for breeding to cultivate functional soybean varieties.In this study, the contents of oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid in 359 soybean germplasms were determined. Using the mixed linear model of GEMMA software, a genome-wide association analysis was conducted on these three components. Five significant loci that simultaneously regulate the three components and two high-confidence loci (13-13101056 and 14-46813345) significantly associated with linolenic acid were identified. Further, by combining linkage disequilibrium analysis (LD) and functional annotation, the linolenic acid-related gene GmFAD3A, which encodes a fatty acid desaturase, was identified. Haplotype analysis found that there is a non-synonymous mutation site (14-46811463 T/C) in the third exon of GmFAD3A, forming two haplotypes. Among them, the linolenic acid content of the germplasm carrying GmFAD3AT was significantly lower than that of the germplasm carrying GmFAD3AC, while the oleic acid content was higher than that of the germplasm carrying GmFAD3AC. The domestication analysis of the excellent allele GmFAD3AT showed that it accounted for 95.5 % in wild soybeans, this proportion decreased to 85.6 % in landraces, and increased to 91.7 % in selected varieties. This study provides a reliable theoretical basis for the improvement of unsaturated fatty acid components in soybeans, and provides important loci and genes for cultivating soybean varieties with low linolenic acid/high oleic acid content and an ideal ratio of unsaturated fatty acids.
Available online: April 27, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250318001
Abstract:
The taste quality of tomato is the core of consumer"s attention, and its taste is mainly determined by the dynamic balance of soluble sugars, organic acids and free amino acids. In this study, the differences in the contents of soluble sugars (glucose, fructose), organic acids (citric acid, malic acid, etc.) and free amino acids (glutamic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid, etc.) between Tasty Tomato(CX) and Vegetable Tomato(N70) were systematically analysed and the molecular regulatory mechanisms were investigated using transcriptomics technology. The results showed that the content of glucose and fructose in CX was significantly higher than that of N70, and the content of organic acids such as citric acid and succinic acid, as well as the content of flavour amino acids (glutamic acid and aspartic acid) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in CX was also significantly higher. Transcriptome analysis revealed a total of 4,242 differentially expressed genes (KEGG) enriched in starch-sucrose metabolism, fructose-mannose metabolism, and glutathione metabolism pathways, and among them, genes encoding enzymes such as glucosidase (EG), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were highly expressed in CX, which were directly associated with the synergistic accumulation of sugar-acid and amino acid contents. This study reveals the molecular basis of the quality formation of Tasty Tomato, and provides a theoretical basis and candidate gene resources for directional breeding of Tasty Tomato.
The taste quality of tomato is the core of consumer"s attention, and its taste is mainly determined by the dynamic balance of soluble sugars, organic acids and free amino acids. In this study, the differences in the contents of soluble sugars (glucose, fructose), organic acids (citric acid, malic acid, etc.) and free amino acids (glutamic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid, etc.) between Tasty Tomato(CX) and Vegetable Tomato(N70) were systematically analysed and the molecular regulatory mechanisms were investigated using transcriptomics technology. The results showed that the content of glucose and fructose in CX was significantly higher than that of N70, and the content of organic acids such as citric acid and succinic acid, as well as the content of flavour amino acids (glutamic acid and aspartic acid) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in CX was also significantly higher. Transcriptome analysis revealed a total of 4,242 differentially expressed genes (KEGG) enriched in starch-sucrose metabolism, fructose-mannose metabolism, and glutathione metabolism pathways, and among them, genes encoding enzymes such as glucosidase (EG), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were highly expressed in CX, which were directly associated with the synergistic accumulation of sugar-acid and amino acid contents. This study reveals the molecular basis of the quality formation of Tasty Tomato, and provides a theoretical basis and candidate gene resources for directional breeding of Tasty Tomato.
Available online: April 24, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250119003
Abstract:
Core germplasm plays a central role in the field of plant germplasm resources research, covering the collection, preservation, identification, evaluation, and application of germplasm resources for key crops, forestry, flowers, and medicinal plants. Research on core germplasm is of great significance for improving crop yields, optimizing quality, enhancing resistance to adverse conditions, and has a profound impact on the protection of biodiversity and the implementation of sustainable development strategies. This paper aims to review the strategies for constructing plant core germplasm, the current research progress, and future trends.
Core germplasm plays a central role in the field of plant germplasm resources research, covering the collection, preservation, identification, evaluation, and application of germplasm resources for key crops, forestry, flowers, and medicinal plants. Research on core germplasm is of great significance for improving crop yields, optimizing quality, enhancing resistance to adverse conditions, and has a profound impact on the protection of biodiversity and the implementation of sustainable development strategies. This paper aims to review the strategies for constructing plant core germplasm, the current research progress, and future trends.
Jiajun Liu, cuidi, yangyaolong, maxiaoding, xiaxiuzhong, qiudongfeng, lixiaobing, hanbing, guoxiaohong, hanlonghzi
Available online: April 23, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250305001
Abstract:
The production of Indica rice in China is facing severe challenges from biological and non-biological disasters such as pests, diseases, and heat stress. There is an urgent need to explore elite Indica rice germplasm resources that can adapt to climate change for current and future rice breeding. In this study, 654 indica rice varieties of different periods from various southern provinces of China were selected as experimental materials. The main agronomic traits were evaluated in four different environments, including Nanning in Guangxi, Guiyang in Guizhou, Jingzhou in Hubei, and Hangzhou in Zhejiang. Additionally, heat tolerance at the seedling stage was assessed in artificial climate incubator. The results showed that there were obvious phenotypic differences in these agronomic traits in the different environments. The rice yield per plant in Jingzhou and Hangzhou with higher latitude and lower altitude was higher than that in Guiyang and Nanning with lower latitude and higher altitude. The altitude of the Guiyang is significantly higher than that of the other sites, and the summer temperature is lower than that of the other sites, therefore, compared to the other sites, the seed setting rate, thousand grain weight, and grain width of rice have increased, while the plant height, panicle length, panicle number per plant, and yield per plant have decreased. Under multiple environmental conditions, the phenotypic values of panicle number per plant, panicle length, thousand grain weight, grain length, and grain width are relatively stable, followed by heading days, plant height, seed setting rate, and yield per plant, while the stability of grain number per panicle is poorer. The stability coefficients of heading days, plant height, seed setting rate, and yield per plant for Indica rice varieties in different periods decrease with the increase of breeding periods, indicating that with the progress of periods, the ecological adaptability of the varieties gradually tends to strengthen. The comparison of phenotypes of Indica rice varieties in different periods indicates that the phenotypic traits of Indica rice varieties have been genetically improved overall towards larger panicle, more grain, longer grain, higher yield, and stronger heat tolerance. The genetic relationship between the varieties in Periods II (varieties developed before 1980) and Periods III (varieties developed between 1980 and 1999) was relatively closer, followed by that between the varieties in Periods II, Periods III and Periods I (landraces), while that between the varieties in Periods IV (varieties developed after 2000) and other periods'' were relatively further. Thirty varieties such as Guihuazhan, Shangcun Zao, Huanan 15 and Ganzaoxian 45, were identified, which had better adaptability to the multiple environments and could be used as parent materials for future rice breeding.
The production of Indica rice in China is facing severe challenges from biological and non-biological disasters such as pests, diseases, and heat stress. There is an urgent need to explore elite Indica rice germplasm resources that can adapt to climate change for current and future rice breeding. In this study, 654 indica rice varieties of different periods from various southern provinces of China were selected as experimental materials. The main agronomic traits were evaluated in four different environments, including Nanning in Guangxi, Guiyang in Guizhou, Jingzhou in Hubei, and Hangzhou in Zhejiang. Additionally, heat tolerance at the seedling stage was assessed in artificial climate incubator. The results showed that there were obvious phenotypic differences in these agronomic traits in the different environments. The rice yield per plant in Jingzhou and Hangzhou with higher latitude and lower altitude was higher than that in Guiyang and Nanning with lower latitude and higher altitude. The altitude of the Guiyang is significantly higher than that of the other sites, and the summer temperature is lower than that of the other sites, therefore, compared to the other sites, the seed setting rate, thousand grain weight, and grain width of rice have increased, while the plant height, panicle length, panicle number per plant, and yield per plant have decreased. Under multiple environmental conditions, the phenotypic values of panicle number per plant, panicle length, thousand grain weight, grain length, and grain width are relatively stable, followed by heading days, plant height, seed setting rate, and yield per plant, while the stability of grain number per panicle is poorer. The stability coefficients of heading days, plant height, seed setting rate, and yield per plant for Indica rice varieties in different periods decrease with the increase of breeding periods, indicating that with the progress of periods, the ecological adaptability of the varieties gradually tends to strengthen. The comparison of phenotypes of Indica rice varieties in different periods indicates that the phenotypic traits of Indica rice varieties have been genetically improved overall towards larger panicle, more grain, longer grain, higher yield, and stronger heat tolerance. The genetic relationship between the varieties in Periods II (varieties developed before 1980) and Periods III (varieties developed between 1980 and 1999) was relatively closer, followed by that between the varieties in Periods II, Periods III and Periods I (landraces), while that between the varieties in Periods IV (varieties developed after 2000) and other periods'' were relatively further. Thirty varieties such as Guihuazhan, Shangcun Zao, Huanan 15 and Ganzaoxian 45, were identified, which had better adaptability to the multiple environments and could be used as parent materials for future rice breeding.
WU Ri-lian, SHANG-GUAN Xiao-xia, WU Cui-cui, XIA Zhi, ZHANG Xiao-ling, LI Huan-li, LAN Gang, PAN Zhuan-xia, HOU Bao-guo, LV Be-ibei, LI Peng-bo
Available online: April 22, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250118002
Abstract:
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is the fourth largest oil crop in the world. Tissue culture is an important procedure in genetic transformation of peanut. However, the differentiation of peanut callus is restricted by genotype. In this study, Luohua 22, a cultivar with strong callus differentiation ability, was screened from 9 germplasm resources through establishing a peanut genetic transformation system. Transcription sequencing analyses were carried out using T1 callus (embryogenic callus, easy to differentiate into seedlings), T2 callus (non-embryogenic callus, difficult to differentiate into seedlings) during the differentiation process of Luohua 22, and callus at 0 day of differentiation was set as control (CK). Compared with CK, there were 1792 and 868 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in T1 and T2 types of callus, respectively. The GO functional enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs in T1 type of callus were mainly enriched in the pathways of meristematic organization and stem cell population maintenance, while those in T2 type of callus were mainly enriched in the pathways of phenylpropane biosynthesis and metabolic pathway. Protein family analysis showed that DEGs in T1 and T2 type callus contained 2459 TFs, among which the cytochrome P450 family was significantly enriched. By Protein-protein interaction network (PPI) analysis, five key genes, i.e., AhAE3ZZG, AhP17M1H, AhA6R79F, AhZFZ3ZQ and AhHMN99B, were mined, which might play important roles in promoting peanut callus differentiation. The results of this study would provide a scientific basis for furhter exploring the key genes affecting the differentiation process of peanut cotyledon node callus, and the subsequent analysis of the molecular mechanism of peanut callus differentiation to form regenerated plants.
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is the fourth largest oil crop in the world. Tissue culture is an important procedure in genetic transformation of peanut. However, the differentiation of peanut callus is restricted by genotype. In this study, Luohua 22, a cultivar with strong callus differentiation ability, was screened from 9 germplasm resources through establishing a peanut genetic transformation system. Transcription sequencing analyses were carried out using T1 callus (embryogenic callus, easy to differentiate into seedlings), T2 callus (non-embryogenic callus, difficult to differentiate into seedlings) during the differentiation process of Luohua 22, and callus at 0 day of differentiation was set as control (CK). Compared with CK, there were 1792 and 868 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in T1 and T2 types of callus, respectively. The GO functional enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs in T1 type of callus were mainly enriched in the pathways of meristematic organization and stem cell population maintenance, while those in T2 type of callus were mainly enriched in the pathways of phenylpropane biosynthesis and metabolic pathway. Protein family analysis showed that DEGs in T1 and T2 type callus contained 2459 TFs, among which the cytochrome P450 family was significantly enriched. By Protein-protein interaction network (PPI) analysis, five key genes, i.e., AhAE3ZZG, AhP17M1H, AhA6R79F, AhZFZ3ZQ and AhHMN99B, were mined, which might play important roles in promoting peanut callus differentiation. The results of this study would provide a scientific basis for furhter exploring the key genes affecting the differentiation process of peanut cotyledon node callus, and the subsequent analysis of the molecular mechanism of peanut callus differentiation to form regenerated plants.
Available online: April 01, 2025
,DOI: https://doi.org/10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241228001
Abstract:
This article analyzed and evaluated the nutritional quality diversity of 528 mung bean samples from 16 regions in China, with the aim of enhancing the quality of mung bean germplasm resources and optimizing breeding efforts. The study found that the ranges of protein content, starch content, fat content, total polyphenol content and total flavonoid content in all tested samples were 16.14-29.19 g/100 g, 34.48-57.68 g/100 g, 0.67-1.34 g/100 g, 1.63-6.78 mg GAE/g and 0.59-2.83 mg RE/g, respectively; the coefficients of variation (CV) were 6.42%, 4.50%, 11.34%, 21.34% and 23.06%, respectively. Further cluster analysis of the nutritional components of mung bean from different regions showed that the nutritional quality of mung bean germplasm resources from different regions exhibited specificity, with Hubei region's mung bean resources characterized mainly by high protein content; Jilin and Anhui regions' mung bean resources characterized mainly by high starch content; Shandong, Hubei, Chongqing, Beijing, Xinjiang, Liaoning, Shanxi, Heilongjiang, Anhui and Hebei regions' mung bean resources characterized mainly by high fat content; Chongqing region's mung bean resources characterized mainly by high total polyphenol content; and Guangxi, Beijing, Anhui, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Hubei, Hebei, Shanxi, Heilongjiang, Xinjiang and Shandong regions' mung bean resources characterized mainly by high total flavonoid content. Correlation analysis indicated positive trends between longitude and protein (r=0.21), starch (r=0.30) and total flavonoids (r=0.40), while total polyphenols showed a negative correlation with longitude (r=-0.40) and fat content was negatively correlated with altitude (r=-0.23). These findings provide critical insights for mung bean quality breeding, high-quality germplasm screening, and sustainable development of the mung bean industry.
This article analyzed and evaluated the nutritional quality diversity of 528 mung bean samples from 16 regions in China, with the aim of enhancing the quality of mung bean germplasm resources and optimizing breeding efforts. The study found that the ranges of protein content, starch content, fat content, total polyphenol content and total flavonoid content in all tested samples were 16.14-29.19 g/100 g, 34.48-57.68 g/100 g, 0.67-1.34 g/100 g, 1.63-6.78 mg GAE/g and 0.59-2.83 mg RE/g, respectively; the coefficients of variation (CV) were 6.42%, 4.50%, 11.34%, 21.34% and 23.06%, respectively. Further cluster analysis of the nutritional components of mung bean from different regions showed that the nutritional quality of mung bean germplasm resources from different regions exhibited specificity, with Hubei region's mung bean resources characterized mainly by high protein content; Jilin and Anhui regions' mung bean resources characterized mainly by high starch content; Shandong, Hubei, Chongqing, Beijing, Xinjiang, Liaoning, Shanxi, Heilongjiang, Anhui and Hebei regions' mung bean resources characterized mainly by high fat content; Chongqing region's mung bean resources characterized mainly by high total polyphenol content; and Guangxi, Beijing, Anhui, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Hubei, Hebei, Shanxi, Heilongjiang, Xinjiang and Shandong regions' mung bean resources characterized mainly by high total flavonoid content. Correlation analysis indicated positive trends between longitude and protein (r=0.21), starch (r=0.30) and total flavonoids (r=0.40), while total polyphenols showed a negative correlation with longitude (r=-0.40) and fat content was negatively correlated with altitude (r=-0.23). These findings provide critical insights for mung bean quality breeding, high-quality germplasm screening, and sustainable development of the mung bean industry.
Available online: April 01, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241212005
Abstract:
Low yield per unit is a disadvantage character of mung bean industry in China. The identification of male sterility lines is crucial for harnessing heterosis, which can substantially increase yield. In this study, we identified a male sterile mutant, ms2 (male sterile 2) from the EMS mutant library of Zhonglü5 (ZL5). During the vegetative growth stage, ms2 exhibited no significant phenotypic differences compared to the wild-type ZL5. Although the floral organs of ms2 developed normally, the stamen abortion resulted in a stay-green phenotype of ms2. Genetic analysis revealed that the sterility of ms2 is controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. The F2 population derived from the cross between ms2 and Wankelü3 (WK3) was used as the mapping population. MS2 was mapped within a 66.7 kb interval flanked by markers M5 and M8 on chromosome 6, containing six annotated genes. Sequence analysis of these genes revealed two base transitions in the second and third introns of the glutamine synthetase gene (Vradi06g05640) in ms2. Expression analysis indicated that the expression level of this gene in ms2 was significantly lower than in ZL5, suggesting that Vradi06g05640 is likely the candidate gene for ms2. In summary, our study provides valuable insights into the mechanism of male sterility and the utilization of heterosis in mung bean.
Low yield per unit is a disadvantage character of mung bean industry in China. The identification of male sterility lines is crucial for harnessing heterosis, which can substantially increase yield. In this study, we identified a male sterile mutant, ms2 (male sterile 2) from the EMS mutant library of Zhonglü5 (ZL5). During the vegetative growth stage, ms2 exhibited no significant phenotypic differences compared to the wild-type ZL5. Although the floral organs of ms2 developed normally, the stamen abortion resulted in a stay-green phenotype of ms2. Genetic analysis revealed that the sterility of ms2 is controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. The F2 population derived from the cross between ms2 and Wankelü3 (WK3) was used as the mapping population. MS2 was mapped within a 66.7 kb interval flanked by markers M5 and M8 on chromosome 6, containing six annotated genes. Sequence analysis of these genes revealed two base transitions in the second and third introns of the glutamine synthetase gene (Vradi06g05640) in ms2. Expression analysis indicated that the expression level of this gene in ms2 was significantly lower than in ZL5, suggesting that Vradi06g05640 is likely the candidate gene for ms2. In summary, our study provides valuable insights into the mechanism of male sterility and the utilization of heterosis in mung bean.
YAO Xinjie, ZHANG Fengqin, ZHANG Zhe, XU Binghan, WANG Min, HU Ningyan, DENG Zihao, BIE Siyuan, LI Peifu
Available online: March 31, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241230002
Abstract:
Identifying Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) and candidate genes related to resistant starch (RS) content in rice grains aids in elucidating the genetic mechanisms underlying RS accumulation and facilitates the breeding of rice varieties with high RS content. In this study, 139 rice germplasm resources were utilized as research materials, and their grain RS content was measured over three consecutive years from 2021 to 2023. Combining 255,501 high-quality Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) markers, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted using the FarmCPU model, revealing a total of 12 QTLs significantly associated with rice grain RS content. Among them, qRS-8-8 was consistently detected in four environments, explaining 33.99% of phenotypic variation, while qRS-11-1 was repeatedly detected in two environments, accounting for 14.06% of phenotypic variation. By annotating gene functions, analyzing differential gene expression levels, and conducting haplotype analysis, two candidate genes related to grain RS content were screened within the repeatedly detected QTL intervals. Specifically, LOC_Os08g28670 encodes a pathogenesis-related/Bet v1-like protein family member, and LOC_Os11g44950 encodes a glycoside hydrolase family 3 protein. The findings of this study provide a theoretical reference for further elucidating the genetic mechanisms of RS content formation in rice grains and contribute to the genetic improvement of rice quality.
Identifying Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) and candidate genes related to resistant starch (RS) content in rice grains aids in elucidating the genetic mechanisms underlying RS accumulation and facilitates the breeding of rice varieties with high RS content. In this study, 139 rice germplasm resources were utilized as research materials, and their grain RS content was measured over three consecutive years from 2021 to 2023. Combining 255,501 high-quality Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) markers, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted using the FarmCPU model, revealing a total of 12 QTLs significantly associated with rice grain RS content. Among them, qRS-8-8 was consistently detected in four environments, explaining 33.99% of phenotypic variation, while qRS-11-1 was repeatedly detected in two environments, accounting for 14.06% of phenotypic variation. By annotating gene functions, analyzing differential gene expression levels, and conducting haplotype analysis, two candidate genes related to grain RS content were screened within the repeatedly detected QTL intervals. Specifically, LOC_Os08g28670 encodes a pathogenesis-related/Bet v1-like protein family member, and LOC_Os11g44950 encodes a glycoside hydrolase family 3 protein. The findings of this study provide a theoretical reference for further elucidating the genetic mechanisms of RS content formation in rice grains and contribute to the genetic improvement of rice quality.
liuxiaona, wangpeiguo, jiahongchang, liangxin, jiangliwei, sunbaiquan, sunyanhui, xialingshi, zhangjinmei, hantianfu
Available online: March 31, 2025
,DOI: https://doi.org/10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250201002
Abstract:
Pollen, serving as the essential carrier of plant male reproductive cells, encapsulates a complete set of haploid nuclear genomic information specific to a given plant species. The long-term preservation of pollen holds immense significance for botanical research, crop breeding, agricultural production, and the conservation of plant genetic diversity. This article comprehensively reviews the factors affecting pollen viability and the methods for its detection. It also summarizes the research advancements in pollen preservation techniques, such as drying, low-temperature, ultra-low temperature, and organic solvent storage methods. The authors further analyze the applications of pollen preservation in plant breeding and genetic resource conservation and deliberate on the prospects of future research. The aim is to offer a reference for promoting innovation in pollen preservation technologies.
Pollen, serving as the essential carrier of plant male reproductive cells, encapsulates a complete set of haploid nuclear genomic information specific to a given plant species. The long-term preservation of pollen holds immense significance for botanical research, crop breeding, agricultural production, and the conservation of plant genetic diversity. This article comprehensively reviews the factors affecting pollen viability and the methods for its detection. It also summarizes the research advancements in pollen preservation techniques, such as drying, low-temperature, ultra-low temperature, and organic solvent storage methods. The authors further analyze the applications of pollen preservation in plant breeding and genetic resource conservation and deliberate on the prospects of future research. The aim is to offer a reference for promoting innovation in pollen preservation technologies.
Yu Ze Wang, Wang Shanshan, Wen Hongwei, Wang Yuzhi, Zhang Jinhui, Shan Hao, Yan Jinlong, Zhang Junling, Yang Bin
Available online: March 31, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250123001
Abstract:
To accelerate the creation of high-quality germplasm resources for drought-resistant wheat and enrich genetic diversity, this study constructed a mutant library of wheat Chang 6990 using EMS (ethyl methanesulfonate) mutation technology and systematically screened its phenotypic traits and high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS). A phenotypic analysis of 20,331 individual plants from the M2 population identified 3,244 mutant plants, covering 10 phenotypic traits, including stem, leaf, awn, spike type, fertility, and growth period, with a total mutation rate of 15.96%. Additionally, a phenotypic analysis of 2,064 harvested mutant materials revealed 25 grain mutants, with mutation types including grain length, color, and fullness, yielding a mutation rate of 1.21%. Through SDS-PAGE identification, a total of 23 HMW-GS deletion mutants were screened, which showed the deletion of Bx7, By9, Dx5 and Dy10 in Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 loci. In this study, EMS mutagenesis technology was used to create abundant phenotypic mutants and HMW-GS mutant materials, which effectively eliminated the potential interference of genetic background differences on wheat quality traits, provided valuable genetic resources for dryland wheat quality breeding, and provided important basic data for in-depth understanding of the relationship between wheat quality traits and genetic variation.
To accelerate the creation of high-quality germplasm resources for drought-resistant wheat and enrich genetic diversity, this study constructed a mutant library of wheat Chang 6990 using EMS (ethyl methanesulfonate) mutation technology and systematically screened its phenotypic traits and high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS). A phenotypic analysis of 20,331 individual plants from the M2 population identified 3,244 mutant plants, covering 10 phenotypic traits, including stem, leaf, awn, spike type, fertility, and growth period, with a total mutation rate of 15.96%. Additionally, a phenotypic analysis of 2,064 harvested mutant materials revealed 25 grain mutants, with mutation types including grain length, color, and fullness, yielding a mutation rate of 1.21%. Through SDS-PAGE identification, a total of 23 HMW-GS deletion mutants were screened, which showed the deletion of Bx7, By9, Dx5 and Dy10 in Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 loci. In this study, EMS mutagenesis technology was used to create abundant phenotypic mutants and HMW-GS mutant materials, which effectively eliminated the potential interference of genetic background differences on wheat quality traits, provided valuable genetic resources for dryland wheat quality breeding, and provided important basic data for in-depth understanding of the relationship between wheat quality traits and genetic variation.
Available online: March 14, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250108001
Abstract:
Glutamate receptor like channels (GLRs) are a type of Ca2+channel proteins involved in cellular metabolism, seed germination, plant growth and development, as well as long-distance signal transmission. Here, in this study, a total of 29 soybean GLR members were identified through a comprehensive proteomic identification of soybean. Their phylogenetic relationship suggests that these soybean GLR genes can be classied into three subfamilies, members within the same subfamily exhibits conserved gene structure and motif compositions. Cis-acting elements analysis indicates that the promoter regions of soybean GLRs contain a variety of regulatory elements related to hormones, stress, light, and plant growth and development. The analysis of tissue and stress expression patterns shows that GLR genes are highly expressed across various tissues in soybeans and involved in salt and alkaline stress. GmGLRs exhibit significant variations under salt and alkaline stress by qRT-PCR analysis, suggesting that GmGLR3.13/15/4.8/4.9/4.10 may play an important role in stress response.In summary, the results of this study provide an important theoretical basis for further investigating the role of soybean GLR genesin stress responses.
Glutamate receptor like channels (GLRs) are a type of Ca2+channel proteins involved in cellular metabolism, seed germination, plant growth and development, as well as long-distance signal transmission. Here, in this study, a total of 29 soybean GLR members were identified through a comprehensive proteomic identification of soybean. Their phylogenetic relationship suggests that these soybean GLR genes can be classied into three subfamilies, members within the same subfamily exhibits conserved gene structure and motif compositions. Cis-acting elements analysis indicates that the promoter regions of soybean GLRs contain a variety of regulatory elements related to hormones, stress, light, and plant growth and development. The analysis of tissue and stress expression patterns shows that GLR genes are highly expressed across various tissues in soybeans and involved in salt and alkaline stress. GmGLRs exhibit significant variations under salt and alkaline stress by qRT-PCR analysis, suggesting that GmGLR3.13/15/4.8/4.9/4.10 may play an important role in stress response.In summary, the results of this study provide an important theoretical basis for further investigating the role of soybean GLR genesin stress responses.
LIANG Jiahao, LI Zhao, LIU Yu, WANG Yixin, MENG Xin, HE Zehua, ZHANG Wenrui, HU Qingliang, PAN Ting, KANG Shuli, ZHAO Xinhua, YU Haiqiu, ZHONG Chao
Available online: March 14, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241110002
Abstract:
The stem rot caused by the soil-borne pathogenic fungus Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. is a devastating disease that limits peanut production in China and other countries around the world. To explore novel resistant germplasm resources against this disease, our study conducted a seedling-stage resistance identification on 703 peanut germplasm resources. The results showed significant virulence differences among three pathogenic isolates, as well as certain resistance differences among the germplasm resources from various origins. Evaluation of seedling-stage identified three germplasm resources SNHD132, SNHD072, and Baihuashengfen exhibited resistance against all three isolates. Subsequently the three resistant varieties were subjected to both in vitro inoculation and field inoculation for resistance identification. The results indicated that after in vitro inoculation, the lesion expansion on the three resistant varieties was significantly smaller than that on the susceptible control materials. After field inoculation, the three resistant materials showed significantly lower plant mortality rate, seed infection rate, and yield loss compared to the susceptible control varieties. Combining seedling-stage, in vitro, and field identifications, this study obtained resistant resources and provides excellent materials and a theoretical basis for future breeding of new varieties resistant to stem rot disease and related genetic research.
The stem rot caused by the soil-borne pathogenic fungus Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. is a devastating disease that limits peanut production in China and other countries around the world. To explore novel resistant germplasm resources against this disease, our study conducted a seedling-stage resistance identification on 703 peanut germplasm resources. The results showed significant virulence differences among three pathogenic isolates, as well as certain resistance differences among the germplasm resources from various origins. Evaluation of seedling-stage identified three germplasm resources SNHD132, SNHD072, and Baihuashengfen exhibited resistance against all three isolates. Subsequently the three resistant varieties were subjected to both in vitro inoculation and field inoculation for resistance identification. The results indicated that after in vitro inoculation, the lesion expansion on the three resistant varieties was significantly smaller than that on the susceptible control materials. After field inoculation, the three resistant materials showed significantly lower plant mortality rate, seed infection rate, and yield loss compared to the susceptible control varieties. Combining seedling-stage, in vitro, and field identifications, this study obtained resistant resources and provides excellent materials and a theoretical basis for future breeding of new varieties resistant to stem rot disease and related genetic research.
LI Jiong, XU Bin-qi, LIANG Zi-xing, CAO Zhen-qiang, HOU Bing-bing, HONG Yu, CHENG Jiao-wen, HU Kai-lin, CUI Jun-jie
Available online: March 13, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241126002
Abstract:
Bitter gourd is a traditional melon vegetable in China, characterized by a very narrow genetic background of variety resources. Consequently, there is an urgent need to broaden the utilization of germplasm resources in breeding applications. In this study, we used the small-fruited wild subspecies Momordica charantia ssp. macroloba ‘NJ’ as the maternal parent and the common subspecies M. charantia ssp. charantia ‘Tan’ as the paternal parent. Based on resequencing and bin marker genotyping, we constructed a genetic map of inter-subspecies in bitter gourd, and employed the multiple-QTL model (MQM) method to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with fruit-related traits. The results showed that the constructed genetic map of inter-subspecies in bitter gourd comprised 1,563 bin markers, spanning 11 chromosomes with a total genetic distance of 1,556.91 cM and an average marker interval of 1.00 cM. A comparison of the genetic and physical maps revealed an inversion region of approximately 11 Mb on chromosome MC08 between the two subspecies of bitter gourd. The QTL mapping results indicated that a total of seven QTL reached the LOD detection threshold, including two for fruit length (qFL5.1 and qFL7.1), two for fruit shape index (qFSI1.1 and qFSI4.1), two for fruit weight (qFW5.1 and qFW6.1), and one for fruit shape (qFS5.1). The fruit length QTL qFL5.1, fruit shape QTL qFS5.1, and fruit weight QTL qFW5.1 colocalized to form a major-effect QTL interval, with contribution rates of 23.00%, 30.20%, and 24.80%, respectively. The two QTLs for fruit shape index (qFSI1.1 and qFSI4.1) were different from the fruit shape QTL qFS5.1, with contribution rates of 22.80% and 14.60%, respectively. The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of the genomic variation between the two subspecies of bitter gourd and provide the foundation for inter-subspecific germplasm innovation and gene mining of fruit-related traits.
Bitter gourd is a traditional melon vegetable in China, characterized by a very narrow genetic background of variety resources. Consequently, there is an urgent need to broaden the utilization of germplasm resources in breeding applications. In this study, we used the small-fruited wild subspecies Momordica charantia ssp. macroloba ‘NJ’ as the maternal parent and the common subspecies M. charantia ssp. charantia ‘Tan’ as the paternal parent. Based on resequencing and bin marker genotyping, we constructed a genetic map of inter-subspecies in bitter gourd, and employed the multiple-QTL model (MQM) method to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with fruit-related traits. The results showed that the constructed genetic map of inter-subspecies in bitter gourd comprised 1,563 bin markers, spanning 11 chromosomes with a total genetic distance of 1,556.91 cM and an average marker interval of 1.00 cM. A comparison of the genetic and physical maps revealed an inversion region of approximately 11 Mb on chromosome MC08 between the two subspecies of bitter gourd. The QTL mapping results indicated that a total of seven QTL reached the LOD detection threshold, including two for fruit length (qFL5.1 and qFL7.1), two for fruit shape index (qFSI1.1 and qFSI4.1), two for fruit weight (qFW5.1 and qFW6.1), and one for fruit shape (qFS5.1). The fruit length QTL qFL5.1, fruit shape QTL qFS5.1, and fruit weight QTL qFW5.1 colocalized to form a major-effect QTL interval, with contribution rates of 23.00%, 30.20%, and 24.80%, respectively. The two QTLs for fruit shape index (qFSI1.1 and qFSI4.1) were different from the fruit shape QTL qFS5.1, with contribution rates of 22.80% and 14.60%, respectively. The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of the genomic variation between the two subspecies of bitter gourd and provide the foundation for inter-subspecific germplasm innovation and gene mining of fruit-related traits.
PENG Xiao-yang, TIAN Ze-miao, ZHU Jian-feng, YANG Zhi-min, FENG Xi-bo, LIAO Wen-hua, YI Zhu-hu, LI Ji-guang, LI Wei, Tang Xin-ke, WANG Jun-zhen, ZHOU Mei-liang
Available online: March 10, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241231002
Abstract:
Nyingchi City is located in the southeast of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which belongs to the mountain valley landform in the warm and semi-humid climate of the plateau, with a large vertical elevation drop and rich and unique wild buckwheat resources. A series of changes in temperature, humidity, air pressure, and ultraviolet intensity brought about by altitude changes can cause changes in plant morphology and metabolite content. In order to explore the relationship between functional traits of wild buckwheat and altitude, the wild buckwheat germplasm collected by the wild buckwheat expedition team of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Nyingchi City in October 2023 were investigated and collected, and five altitude gradients of 3,100m, 3,300m, 3,500m, 3,700m, and 3,900m were selected. To compare and analyze the morphological differences and flavonoid metabolite contents of wild Tartary buckwheat. The results showed that 1000-grain weight, grain length, grain width, grain diameter, grain perimeter, and grain area of wild Tartary buckwheat increased first and then decreased with the increase of altitude, reaching the maximum at 3700m altitude and significantly higher than other altitude gradients. There were also significant differences in the content of flavonoid metabolites in wild Tartary buckwheat at different elevation gradients: The contents of rutin and quercetin in wild Tartary buckwheat at 3900m altitude were significantly higher than those at other altitudes (p < 0.05). The contents of quercetin 7-O-glucoside, proanthocyanidins B1 and proanthocyanidins C1 in wild Tartary buckwheat at 3700m altitude were the highest, and the contents of proanthocyanidins in wild Tartary buckwheat at 3500m altitude were the highest. The highest content of kaempferol, cyanidin, afodaside, and pyroside was found in wild Tartary buckwheat at 3300m. The results analyzed the differences in the distribution and abundance, seed traits and flavonoid content of wild buckwheat under different altitude gradients, revealed the physiological mechanism of wild buckwheat in adapting to the ecological environment, laid a foundation for exploring the adaptive evolution of wild buckwheat, and also provided ideas for breeding buckwheat to resist adversity.
Nyingchi City is located in the southeast of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which belongs to the mountain valley landform in the warm and semi-humid climate of the plateau, with a large vertical elevation drop and rich and unique wild buckwheat resources. A series of changes in temperature, humidity, air pressure, and ultraviolet intensity brought about by altitude changes can cause changes in plant morphology and metabolite content. In order to explore the relationship between functional traits of wild buckwheat and altitude, the wild buckwheat germplasm collected by the wild buckwheat expedition team of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Nyingchi City in October 2023 were investigated and collected, and five altitude gradients of 3,100m, 3,300m, 3,500m, 3,700m, and 3,900m were selected. To compare and analyze the morphological differences and flavonoid metabolite contents of wild Tartary buckwheat. The results showed that 1000-grain weight, grain length, grain width, grain diameter, grain perimeter, and grain area of wild Tartary buckwheat increased first and then decreased with the increase of altitude, reaching the maximum at 3700m altitude and significantly higher than other altitude gradients. There were also significant differences in the content of flavonoid metabolites in wild Tartary buckwheat at different elevation gradients: The contents of rutin and quercetin in wild Tartary buckwheat at 3900m altitude were significantly higher than those at other altitudes (p < 0.05). The contents of quercetin 7-O-glucoside, proanthocyanidins B1 and proanthocyanidins C1 in wild Tartary buckwheat at 3700m altitude were the highest, and the contents of proanthocyanidins in wild Tartary buckwheat at 3500m altitude were the highest. The highest content of kaempferol, cyanidin, afodaside, and pyroside was found in wild Tartary buckwheat at 3300m. The results analyzed the differences in the distribution and abundance, seed traits and flavonoid content of wild buckwheat under different altitude gradients, revealed the physiological mechanism of wild buckwheat in adapting to the ecological environment, laid a foundation for exploring the adaptive evolution of wild buckwheat, and also provided ideas for breeding buckwheat to resist adversity.
Available online: March 03, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250120001
Abstract:
Rice is a significant staple crop, with salinity being a primary abiotic stress leading to reduced yields. Improving rice alkaline tolerance to expand cultivation areas is vital for boosting total production and securing food supply. In this study, a mutant with significantly reduced alkaline tolerance was identified from the γ-ray induced mutation library of the Geng/japonica rice variety Sasanishiki (WT). The target gene was located in an 87.7 kb region between P2 and P3 on chromosome 11, containing nine open reading frames (ORFs) through map-based cloning. Sequence comparison revealed a deletion of four bases in the third exon of ORF9 in the mutant, leading to premature termination of the gene. Therefore, ORF9 is hypothesized to be the candidate gene responsible for reduced alkaline tolerance and has been named Alkaline Tolerance 11 (AT11). AT11 encodes a putative peptide transporter (PTR). Transgenic experiments showed that CRISPR/Cas9 knockout lines of AT11 weakens alkaline tolerance, whereas its overexpression significantly enhances alkaline tolerance. AT11 is expressed in all tissues of rice, with the highest expression in the panicle. Yeast two-hybrid and Immunoprecipitation assays revealed that AT11 can interact with GS3, the heterotrimeric G-protein γ subunit in rice. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation experiments show that AT11 and GS3 interact on the plasma membrane. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that the differentially expressed genes between WT and AT11 knockout lines were significant enriched in pigment binding and photosynthesis. Yield testing under field conditions at pH 9.0 showed that overexpressing AT11 significantly increases yield, demonstrating that AT11 can enhance the productivity of rice on saline-alkaline soils, with potential salt alkaline resistance broad breeding application prospects.
Rice is a significant staple crop, with salinity being a primary abiotic stress leading to reduced yields. Improving rice alkaline tolerance to expand cultivation areas is vital for boosting total production and securing food supply. In this study, a mutant with significantly reduced alkaline tolerance was identified from the γ-ray induced mutation library of the Geng/japonica rice variety Sasanishiki (WT). The target gene was located in an 87.7 kb region between P2 and P3 on chromosome 11, containing nine open reading frames (ORFs) through map-based cloning. Sequence comparison revealed a deletion of four bases in the third exon of ORF9 in the mutant, leading to premature termination of the gene. Therefore, ORF9 is hypothesized to be the candidate gene responsible for reduced alkaline tolerance and has been named Alkaline Tolerance 11 (AT11). AT11 encodes a putative peptide transporter (PTR). Transgenic experiments showed that CRISPR/Cas9 knockout lines of AT11 weakens alkaline tolerance, whereas its overexpression significantly enhances alkaline tolerance. AT11 is expressed in all tissues of rice, with the highest expression in the panicle. Yeast two-hybrid and Immunoprecipitation assays revealed that AT11 can interact with GS3, the heterotrimeric G-protein γ subunit in rice. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation experiments show that AT11 and GS3 interact on the plasma membrane. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that the differentially expressed genes between WT and AT11 knockout lines were significant enriched in pigment binding and photosynthesis. Yield testing under field conditions at pH 9.0 showed that overexpressing AT11 significantly increases yield, demonstrating that AT11 can enhance the productivity of rice on saline-alkaline soils, with potential salt alkaline resistance broad breeding application prospects.
Available online: March 03, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241209001
Abstract:
Rice lesion mimic mutants play a crucial role in studying programmed cell death and broad-spectrum disease resistance in rice. In this study, we first report a novel panicle and leaf spot1 mutant (panicle and leaf spot 1, pls1), which develops reddish-brown spots on leaves starting from the three-leaf stage, expanding with plant growth and affecting other organs. Unlike previously reported rice lesion mimic mutants, pls1 exhibits reddish-brown lesions on the panicle branches and glumes after heading, and the panicles dry up at maturity, severely affecting yield. This represents a new type of rice lesion mimic. The combination of map-cloning and whole genome resequencing revealed that the pls1 mutant produced a large deletion of 173403 bp, resulting in 7 gene deletions and 1 gene promoter deletion. Gene function prediction and gene expression data in database confirm that PLS1 encodes tryptamine 5-hydroxylase (Os12g0268000).The pls1 mutant leads to excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), programmed cell death, and chloroplast degradation, reducing photosynthetic capacity. Melatonin plays an important role in plant salt tolerance. Further functional analysis showed that the loss of PLS1 significantly inhibits the expression of melatonin synthesis related enzyme genes OsTDC1, OsTDC3, OsSNAT1, OsASMT1, and OsCOMT in rice, resulting in decreased salt tolerance of the pls1 mutant. In summary, the panicle and leaf spot mutant pls1 is a new type of rice lesion mimic mutant, providing new germplasm for studying the mechanisms related to rice lesion mimics. The analysis of salt tolerance reveals a new function of tryptamine 5-hydroxylase, offering a new perspective for studying its mechanisms in programmed cell death and salt tolerance.
Rice lesion mimic mutants play a crucial role in studying programmed cell death and broad-spectrum disease resistance in rice. In this study, we first report a novel panicle and leaf spot1 mutant (panicle and leaf spot 1, pls1), which develops reddish-brown spots on leaves starting from the three-leaf stage, expanding with plant growth and affecting other organs. Unlike previously reported rice lesion mimic mutants, pls1 exhibits reddish-brown lesions on the panicle branches and glumes after heading, and the panicles dry up at maturity, severely affecting yield. This represents a new type of rice lesion mimic. The combination of map-cloning and whole genome resequencing revealed that the pls1 mutant produced a large deletion of 173403 bp, resulting in 7 gene deletions and 1 gene promoter deletion. Gene function prediction and gene expression data in database confirm that PLS1 encodes tryptamine 5-hydroxylase (Os12g0268000).The pls1 mutant leads to excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), programmed cell death, and chloroplast degradation, reducing photosynthetic capacity. Melatonin plays an important role in plant salt tolerance. Further functional analysis showed that the loss of PLS1 significantly inhibits the expression of melatonin synthesis related enzyme genes OsTDC1, OsTDC3, OsSNAT1, OsASMT1, and OsCOMT in rice, resulting in decreased salt tolerance of the pls1 mutant. In summary, the panicle and leaf spot mutant pls1 is a new type of rice lesion mimic mutant, providing new germplasm for studying the mechanisms related to rice lesion mimics. The analysis of salt tolerance reveals a new function of tryptamine 5-hydroxylase, offering a new perspective for studying its mechanisms in programmed cell death and salt tolerance.
Available online: February 28, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250103002
Abstract:
Research on abortion and the mechanism of Cucurbita pepo L male infertility is of great value for promoting breeding and hybrids production. Taking the male sterile plants (X-MS) and fertile plants (X-MF) of zucchini as test materials, through transcriptome sequencing, as well as the determination of endogenous hormone contents, antioxidant enzyme activities, sucrose and starch contents, the results showed that from the tetrad stage (T1), early uninucleate stage (T2), middle to late uninucleate stage (T3), binucleate stage (T4) to two days before flowering stage (T5), the endogenous hormone contents in X-MS showed deficits and other abnormalities as the development of flower buds, the antioxidant enzyme activities showed abnormal changes, and starch and sucrose contents generally showed a shortfall trend. From T1 to T3, 1,947 differentially expressed genes were identified through transcriptome sequencing, among which 911 were up-regulated and 1036 were down-regulated. GO enrichment analysis indicated that catalytic activity, binding function, cellular process, and metabolic process were the most annotations in molecular function and biological process. KEGG annotation found that the differential genes were mainly enriched in pathways such as plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism. By analyzing the pathways of plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and starch and sucrose metabolism, further screening for genes related to peroxidase, sucrose synthase, and IAA. These genes may play important roles in the pollen development process of zucchini of male sterile, and provide a reference for further research on the molecular mechanism of male sterility in zucchini.
Research on abortion and the mechanism of Cucurbita pepo L male infertility is of great value for promoting breeding and hybrids production. Taking the male sterile plants (X-MS) and fertile plants (X-MF) of zucchini as test materials, through transcriptome sequencing, as well as the determination of endogenous hormone contents, antioxidant enzyme activities, sucrose and starch contents, the results showed that from the tetrad stage (T1), early uninucleate stage (T2), middle to late uninucleate stage (T3), binucleate stage (T4) to two days before flowering stage (T5), the endogenous hormone contents in X-MS showed deficits and other abnormalities as the development of flower buds, the antioxidant enzyme activities showed abnormal changes, and starch and sucrose contents generally showed a shortfall trend. From T1 to T3, 1,947 differentially expressed genes were identified through transcriptome sequencing, among which 911 were up-regulated and 1036 were down-regulated. GO enrichment analysis indicated that catalytic activity, binding function, cellular process, and metabolic process were the most annotations in molecular function and biological process. KEGG annotation found that the differential genes were mainly enriched in pathways such as plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism. By analyzing the pathways of plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and starch and sucrose metabolism, further screening for genes related to peroxidase, sucrose synthase, and IAA. These genes may play important roles in the pollen development process of zucchini of male sterile, and provide a reference for further research on the molecular mechanism of male sterility in zucchini.
Available online: February 28, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241202002
Abstract:
Glycine tomentella, which belongs to Glycine subgenus of Glycine Willd., is a secondary protected wild plant in China. It is distributed in the coastal areas of Fujian and Guangdong and nearby islands. It is an important genetic resource for soybean breeding. In recent years, due toland development, the abuse of herbicides, environmental changes and many other factors in the distribution area, the population of G. tomentella has been affected to varying degrees. Therefore, it is urgent to clarify the plant composition and community structure characteristics of the community, in order to provide theoretical basis for the protection of the original habitat of the species. In this study, 50 G. tomentella plant communities were selected in the coastal zone of Fujian and Guangdong. The ecological data of plant composition, plant density and average plant height of 255 quadrats (1m×1m) were investigated, and the species diversity, interspecific relationship and niche characteristics of the communities were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) There were significant differences in the plant composition of G. tomentella community between Fujian and Guangdong provinces. A total of 166 species belonging to 138 genera and 48 families were recorded, including 123 species of herbaceous plants (74.10%); There are 53 species belonging to 45 genera, 23 families unique to Fujian Province and 70 species belonging to 64 genera, 27 families unique to Guangdong Province. There are 13 dominant species shared between the two provinces, and the composition of the primary dominant species also exhibits considerable differences.(2) The interspecific association degree of the community species in Fujian Province was higher than that in Guangdong Province, and the distribution of species was more uniform at the quadrat level. (3) The niche breadth of Imperata cylindrica and Cynodon dactylon in Guangdong Province was much higher than that in Fujian Province; The species with higher niche overlap between the two communities are completely different. This indicates that the niche characteristics of the same species exhibit geographical adaptability. (4) The results of overall and interspecific association analysis and interspecific correlation analysis showed that most species pairs showed no significant negative correlation, and the species were basically independent, and the communities in the two provinces were in an unstable state.
Glycine tomentella, which belongs to Glycine subgenus of Glycine Willd., is a secondary protected wild plant in China. It is distributed in the coastal areas of Fujian and Guangdong and nearby islands. It is an important genetic resource for soybean breeding. In recent years, due toland development, the abuse of herbicides, environmental changes and many other factors in the distribution area, the population of G. tomentella has been affected to varying degrees. Therefore, it is urgent to clarify the plant composition and community structure characteristics of the community, in order to provide theoretical basis for the protection of the original habitat of the species. In this study, 50 G. tomentella plant communities were selected in the coastal zone of Fujian and Guangdong. The ecological data of plant composition, plant density and average plant height of 255 quadrats (1m×1m) were investigated, and the species diversity, interspecific relationship and niche characteristics of the communities were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) There were significant differences in the plant composition of G. tomentella community between Fujian and Guangdong provinces. A total of 166 species belonging to 138 genera and 48 families were recorded, including 123 species of herbaceous plants (74.10%); There are 53 species belonging to 45 genera, 23 families unique to Fujian Province and 70 species belonging to 64 genera, 27 families unique to Guangdong Province. There are 13 dominant species shared between the two provinces, and the composition of the primary dominant species also exhibits considerable differences.(2) The interspecific association degree of the community species in Fujian Province was higher than that in Guangdong Province, and the distribution of species was more uniform at the quadrat level. (3) The niche breadth of Imperata cylindrica and Cynodon dactylon in Guangdong Province was much higher than that in Fujian Province; The species with higher niche overlap between the two communities are completely different. This indicates that the niche characteristics of the same species exhibit geographical adaptability. (4) The results of overall and interspecific association analysis and interspecific correlation analysis showed that most species pairs showed no significant negative correlation, and the species were basically independent, and the communities in the two provinces were in an unstable state.
WANG Zong-he, ZHANG Hong-yan, YANG Xin, LI Zheng-li, XIANG Chao, YANG Mei, LIU Yu-jiao, HE Yu-hua, TENG Chang-cai, HON Wan-wei, DAI Zheng-ming, LV Mei-yuan, ZONG Xu-xiao, YANG Tao, LIU Rong
Available online: February 28, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241212004
Abstract:
Common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) is an annual legume with high protein content, well-adapted to cold climates, drought conditions, and poor soil fertility. It is extensively utilized as a green manure and livestock feed, playing a crucial role in crop rotation systems. However, systematic investigation and collection as well as identification and evaluation of germplasm resources in common vetch have been lacking in China until now. In order to further explore its utilization potential and select high-yielding and superior germplasm varieties, this study collected 214 germplasm resources of common vetch from the regions of Guizhou, Qinghai, Sichuan-Chongqing, and Yunnan. Field trials were conducted and phenotypic data was investigated for diversity analysis and identification. The results revealed a rich genetic diversity in the 16 agronomic traits of the germplasm resources, with seed number per plant (SNPP) exhibiting the highest coefficient of variation at 70%. Correlation analysis indicated predominantly positive associations among most of the characters. Statistical analysis was performed to comparing trait differences between common vetch from different regions, which demonstrated no significant distinction between Guizhou and Sichuan-Chongqing areas, while notable variations were observed between Qinghai and Yunnan germplasm and other regions across multiple traits. Principal component analysis (PCA) condensed the 16 agronomic traits into five principal components, which accounted for a cumulative contribution rate of 81.1%. The first principal component primarily encompassed yield-related traits such as grain weight per plant, grain number per plant, dry pod length, and pod number per plant; whereas the second principal component mainly represented grain size attributes including hundred-grain weight, grain length, and grain width. Three-dimensional cluster analysis based on PCA exhibited distinct phenotypic differentiation among germplasm from different regions. Germplasm from Yunnan and Qinghai formed separate clusters while those from Guizhou and Sichuan grouped together, indicating morphological trait similarities within Sichuan and Guizhou resources. Through further phenotypic identification and evaluation, two high-yielding germplasm with a pods per plant (PPP) exceeding 100, seed number per plant (SNPP) surpassing 800, and seed weight per plant (SWPP) exceeding 10 grams were selected, which provides valuable resources and theoretical support for the conservation, utilization, and breeding enhancement of common vetch germplasm resources.
Common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) is an annual legume with high protein content, well-adapted to cold climates, drought conditions, and poor soil fertility. It is extensively utilized as a green manure and livestock feed, playing a crucial role in crop rotation systems. However, systematic investigation and collection as well as identification and evaluation of germplasm resources in common vetch have been lacking in China until now. In order to further explore its utilization potential and select high-yielding and superior germplasm varieties, this study collected 214 germplasm resources of common vetch from the regions of Guizhou, Qinghai, Sichuan-Chongqing, and Yunnan. Field trials were conducted and phenotypic data was investigated for diversity analysis and identification. The results revealed a rich genetic diversity in the 16 agronomic traits of the germplasm resources, with seed number per plant (SNPP) exhibiting the highest coefficient of variation at 70%. Correlation analysis indicated predominantly positive associations among most of the characters. Statistical analysis was performed to comparing trait differences between common vetch from different regions, which demonstrated no significant distinction between Guizhou and Sichuan-Chongqing areas, while notable variations were observed between Qinghai and Yunnan germplasm and other regions across multiple traits. Principal component analysis (PCA) condensed the 16 agronomic traits into five principal components, which accounted for a cumulative contribution rate of 81.1%. The first principal component primarily encompassed yield-related traits such as grain weight per plant, grain number per plant, dry pod length, and pod number per plant; whereas the second principal component mainly represented grain size attributes including hundred-grain weight, grain length, and grain width. Three-dimensional cluster analysis based on PCA exhibited distinct phenotypic differentiation among germplasm from different regions. Germplasm from Yunnan and Qinghai formed separate clusters while those from Guizhou and Sichuan grouped together, indicating morphological trait similarities within Sichuan and Guizhou resources. Through further phenotypic identification and evaluation, two high-yielding germplasm with a pods per plant (PPP) exceeding 100, seed number per plant (SNPP) surpassing 800, and seed weight per plant (SWPP) exceeding 10 grams were selected, which provides valuable resources and theoretical support for the conservation, utilization, and breeding enhancement of common vetch germplasm resources.
Available online: February 27, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250107001
Abstract:
Drought is an important factor affecting the growth and development of maize. Therefore, identifying drought-resistant genes is vital for the genetic improvement of drought resistance in maize. In this study, the leaf rolling mutant swl5 (sensitive to water loss 5) was selected from the mutant library of EMS-mutagenized inbred line RP125. swl5 mutant exhibited a distinct leaf wilting and rolling phenotype under drought stress in the field. Map-based cloning revealed that the candidate gene was localized to a physical region of 280 kb on chromosome 5, which contains 9 coding genes. In this interval, a C-T mutation occurred at the 748th nucleotide of the GRMZM2G002260 gene, resulting in a premature stop codon. GRMZM2G002260 encodes the endo-1,4-xylanase gene ZmWI5. To further verify the gene function, the mutant wi5 of ZmWI5 was obtained. The F1 plant derived from the cross of swl5 and wi5 mutant displayed the same leaf wilting and rolling phenotype as swl5 and wi5, indicating that swl5 is a new allele mutant of ZmWI5. Under drought stress, the swl5 mutant showed a significant drought sensitive phenotype, with photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate significantly reduced compared to wild type (WT), while leaf temperature significantly increased, and the content of H2O2 and O2- were notably elevated. The expression of genes involved in cellulose synthesis (CESA5) and xylan synthesis (DUF579, GT47, IRX9, IRX9H-1, IRX9H-2, GUX1, TBL33) was significantly down-regulated in the swl5 under both well-watered and drought stress. In summary, it is indicated that Swl5 encodes the ZmWI5 gene. The swl5 mutant exhibits a drought sensitive phenotype, and the expression of genes related to xylan synthesis is significantly reduced in the mutant.
Drought is an important factor affecting the growth and development of maize. Therefore, identifying drought-resistant genes is vital for the genetic improvement of drought resistance in maize. In this study, the leaf rolling mutant swl5 (sensitive to water loss 5) was selected from the mutant library of EMS-mutagenized inbred line RP125. swl5 mutant exhibited a distinct leaf wilting and rolling phenotype under drought stress in the field. Map-based cloning revealed that the candidate gene was localized to a physical region of 280 kb on chromosome 5, which contains 9 coding genes. In this interval, a C-T mutation occurred at the 748th nucleotide of the GRMZM2G002260 gene, resulting in a premature stop codon. GRMZM2G002260 encodes the endo-1,4-xylanase gene ZmWI5. To further verify the gene function, the mutant wi5 of ZmWI5 was obtained. The F1 plant derived from the cross of swl5 and wi5 mutant displayed the same leaf wilting and rolling phenotype as swl5 and wi5, indicating that swl5 is a new allele mutant of ZmWI5. Under drought stress, the swl5 mutant showed a significant drought sensitive phenotype, with photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate significantly reduced compared to wild type (WT), while leaf temperature significantly increased, and the content of H2O2 and O2- were notably elevated. The expression of genes involved in cellulose synthesis (CESA5) and xylan synthesis (DUF579, GT47, IRX9, IRX9H-1, IRX9H-2, GUX1, TBL33) was significantly down-regulated in the swl5 under both well-watered and drought stress. In summary, it is indicated that Swl5 encodes the ZmWI5 gene. The swl5 mutant exhibits a drought sensitive phenotype, and the expression of genes related to xylan synthesis is significantly reduced in the mutant.
Available online: February 25, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250109003
Abstract:
It is aimed to explore the effects of bud dormancy states on the survival of mulberry germplasm resources during cryopreservation, and to provide scientific basis and technical support for clarifying the suitable dormancy states for cryopreservation of dormant buds. In this study, one-year-old branches of ''Hu mulberry'' were sampled on December 8th, 18th, 28th, 2023, and January 7th, 2024, during the winter season. The budding rates, first bud germination times, carbohydrates, osmotic regulating substances and endogenous hormones of the dormant buds were measured. In addition, their survival rates of cryopreservation and recovery were analyzed. Results showed that two dormancy stages of endodormancy to ecodormancy transformation and release of endodormancy into ecodormancy, as well as three dormancy depths of deep dormancy (6 days after entering dormancy), moderate dormancy (16-26 days after entering dormancy) and shallow dormancy (36 days after entering dormancy) were obtained, based on the budding rates and the germination times of the first bud. After cryopreservation of mulberry dormant buds and recovery by tissue culture, the survival rate was up to 90%. With the release of endodormancy for dormant buds sampled, the survival rates after cryoprservation decreased, and the lowest survival rates were obtained when the dormant buds were sampled in the shallow dormancy state (36 days after entering dormancy). During the process of endodormancy of ''Hu mulberry'', the content of soluble sugar increased first and then decreased, and reached the maximum at moderate dormancy (26 days after entering dormancy), and then decreased. The starch and soluble sugar contents showed the opposite trends. Soluble protein and proline increased with the release of endodormancy. The contents of four endogenous hormones such as abscisic acid (ABA) during the deep dormancy state (6 days after entering dormancy) were significantly higher than other states. In conclusion, the dormant buds with deep dormancy and moderate dormancy in December (within 26 days after entering dormancy) were selected as the suitable materials for cryopreservation of mulberry germplasm resources.
It is aimed to explore the effects of bud dormancy states on the survival of mulberry germplasm resources during cryopreservation, and to provide scientific basis and technical support for clarifying the suitable dormancy states for cryopreservation of dormant buds. In this study, one-year-old branches of ''Hu mulberry'' were sampled on December 8th, 18th, 28th, 2023, and January 7th, 2024, during the winter season. The budding rates, first bud germination times, carbohydrates, osmotic regulating substances and endogenous hormones of the dormant buds were measured. In addition, their survival rates of cryopreservation and recovery were analyzed. Results showed that two dormancy stages of endodormancy to ecodormancy transformation and release of endodormancy into ecodormancy, as well as three dormancy depths of deep dormancy (6 days after entering dormancy), moderate dormancy (16-26 days after entering dormancy) and shallow dormancy (36 days after entering dormancy) were obtained, based on the budding rates and the germination times of the first bud. After cryopreservation of mulberry dormant buds and recovery by tissue culture, the survival rate was up to 90%. With the release of endodormancy for dormant buds sampled, the survival rates after cryoprservation decreased, and the lowest survival rates were obtained when the dormant buds were sampled in the shallow dormancy state (36 days after entering dormancy). During the process of endodormancy of ''Hu mulberry'', the content of soluble sugar increased first and then decreased, and reached the maximum at moderate dormancy (26 days after entering dormancy), and then decreased. The starch and soluble sugar contents showed the opposite trends. Soluble protein and proline increased with the release of endodormancy. The contents of four endogenous hormones such as abscisic acid (ABA) during the deep dormancy state (6 days after entering dormancy) were significantly higher than other states. In conclusion, the dormant buds with deep dormancy and moderate dormancy in December (within 26 days after entering dormancy) were selected as the suitable materials for cryopreservation of mulberry germplasm resources.
Available online: February 20, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241209003
Abstract:
Abstract:‘native peach’is the popular name for the local varieties (lines, plants) in southern Xinjiang. From 2014 to 2024, we explored peach germplasm resources about15 times around Tarim Basin at 24 counties in South of Xinjiang, mainly in Kashgar and Wada etc. Among these counties, Yarkant County in Kashgar region has the largest nature population of native peach. A total of 313 [第一作者研究方向为桃种质资源与遗传育种研究，Email: wanglirong@caas.cn 通信作者：王力荣，研究方向为桃种质资源与遗传育种研究，Email: wanglirong@caas.cn 基金项目：中国农业科学院科技创新工程（CAAS-ASTIP-2023-ZFRI-01），国家园艺种质资源库(NHGRC)，农业农村部物种保护项目 与利用项目] peach germplasm resources were evaluated, including 223 accessiones belonged to P. persica L., 76 accessiones belonged to P. ferganensis Kost.et Riab and 13 Peach- Almond, which maybe the natural hybrid ppopulation between Prunus persica .and P. communis or P. ferganensis× P. communis. Ripen date are from early July to early November , fruit types include 262 peaches, 50 nectarines and 1 flat peach. The color of the skin and flesh are diversity, including pure green, pure yellow, pure white, etc. , some rare and endangered germplasm such as small nectarine, Hetian Green Tao, Hetian White Tao, Shache Green Tao, Yecheng Yellow No. 1, Moyu Yellow No. 1, Yellow-rowed Tao and White-rowed Tao were discovered. The distribution and diversity level of native peach germplasm resources in this region were basically clarified. The current situation of production and utilization of native peach was intoduced. It was suggested that aroud Tarim Basin was by far the most abundant region of local variety diversity in China, a number of varieties were screened out for commerical production and breeding program, which laid a foundation for the protection and utilization of native peach in this area.
Abstract:‘native peach’is the popular name for the local varieties (lines, plants) in southern Xinjiang. From 2014 to 2024, we explored peach germplasm resources about15 times around Tarim Basin at 24 counties in South of Xinjiang, mainly in Kashgar and Wada etc. Among these counties, Yarkant County in Kashgar region has the largest nature population of native peach. A total of 313 [第一作者研究方向为桃种质资源与遗传育种研究，Email: wanglirong@caas.cn 通信作者：王力荣，研究方向为桃种质资源与遗传育种研究，Email: wanglirong@caas.cn 基金项目：中国农业科学院科技创新工程（CAAS-ASTIP-2023-ZFRI-01），国家园艺种质资源库(NHGRC)，农业农村部物种保护项目 与利用项目] peach germplasm resources were evaluated, including 223 accessiones belonged to P. persica L., 76 accessiones belonged to P. ferganensis Kost.et Riab and 13 Peach- Almond, which maybe the natural hybrid ppopulation between Prunus persica .and P. communis or P. ferganensis× P. communis. Ripen date are from early July to early November , fruit types include 262 peaches, 50 nectarines and 1 flat peach. The color of the skin and flesh are diversity, including pure green, pure yellow, pure white, etc. , some rare and endangered germplasm such as small nectarine, Hetian Green Tao, Hetian White Tao, Shache Green Tao, Yecheng Yellow No. 1, Moyu Yellow No. 1, Yellow-rowed Tao and White-rowed Tao were discovered. The distribution and diversity level of native peach germplasm resources in this region were basically clarified. The current situation of production and utilization of native peach was intoduced. It was suggested that aroud Tarim Basin was by far the most abundant region of local variety diversity in China, a number of varieties were screened out for commerical production and breeding program, which laid a foundation for the protection and utilization of native peach in this area.
Available online: January 22, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241025003
Abstract:
Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) are cholesterol derivatives that effectively protect plants from pathogens and pests. They are mainly found in Solanum Plants and are synthesized in actively growing and young tissues. Their biosynthesis occurs in three stages: cholesterol biosynthesis, conversion of cholesterol to steroidal alkaloids, and glycosylation of these alkaloids. The biosynthesis of SGAs in Solanum Plants is influenced by genetics, transcription factors, and light signaling. Currently, research on the distribution, types, synthesis, and genetics of SGAs is a major focus of scholars worldwide. This review integrates recent research advancements, summarizing the key genes controlling SGAs biosynthesis in Solanum Plants (HMGR, SQS, SSR2, SGT2, GAME1, GAME2, GAME17GAME4, GAME18GAME6, GAME4GAME7, GAME6GAME8, GAME7GAME11, GAME8GAME12, GAME15, GAME11GAME17, and GAME12GAME18), the main differential genes between wild and cultivated species (GAME5、GAME25, S5αR2, GAME31 and GAME32), the regulation of SGAs biosynthesis by hormone-related transcription factors (GAME9, COI1 and TCP14), and the impact of light-responsive transcription factors (HY5, PIF3 and MYB113) and photosynthetic pigment enzymes (PDS, CHLI and CHLH) on SGAs biosynthesis. It also discusses future directions for SGA research in Solanum Plants.
Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) are cholesterol derivatives that effectively protect plants from pathogens and pests. They are mainly found in Solanum Plants and are synthesized in actively growing and young tissues. Their biosynthesis occurs in three stages: cholesterol biosynthesis, conversion of cholesterol to steroidal alkaloids, and glycosylation of these alkaloids. The biosynthesis of SGAs in Solanum Plants is influenced by genetics, transcription factors, and light signaling. Currently, research on the distribution, types, synthesis, and genetics of SGAs is a major focus of scholars worldwide. This review integrates recent research advancements, summarizing the key genes controlling SGAs biosynthesis in Solanum Plants (HMGR, SQS, SSR2, SGT2, GAME1, GAME2, GAME17GAME4, GAME18GAME6, GAME4GAME7, GAME6GAME8, GAME7GAME11, GAME8GAME12, GAME15, GAME11GAME17, and GAME12GAME18), the main differential genes between wild and cultivated species (GAME5、GAME25, S5αR2, GAME31 and GAME32), the regulation of SGAs biosynthesis by hormone-related transcription factors (GAME9, COI1 and TCP14), and the impact of light-responsive transcription factors (HY5, PIF3 and MYB113) and photosynthetic pigment enzymes (PDS, CHLI and CHLH) on SGAs biosynthesis. It also discusses future directions for SGA research in Solanum Plants.
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2020,21(6):1435-1445
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20200522001
Abstract:
Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is a representative crop in dryland agriculture and has been cultivated for over 10,000 years. Wild broomcorn millet, widely distributed in fields alongside the cultivated broomcorn millet and in woodland edges and grasslands across Eurasia, plays a crucial role in studies of broomcorn millet origin and domestication history. This review summarizes the research progresses achieved in China in germplasm collection and conservation, identification and evaluation, and genetic diversity analysis of wild broomcorn millet, and in the relationship between the wild broomcorn millet and cultivated broomcorn millet, and proposes further project development and the core mission of collection, utilization and research of wild broomcorn millet resources in China.
Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is a representative crop in dryland agriculture and has been cultivated for over 10,000 years. Wild broomcorn millet, widely distributed in fields alongside the cultivated broomcorn millet and in woodland edges and grasslands across Eurasia, plays a crucial role in studies of broomcorn millet origin and domestication history. This review summarizes the research progresses achieved in China in germplasm collection and conservation, identification and evaluation, and genetic diversity analysis of wild broomcorn millet, and in the relationship between the wild broomcorn millet and cultivated broomcorn millet, and proposes further project development and the core mission of collection, utilization and research of wild broomcorn millet resources in China.
ZHANG Min-juan, WANG Deng-ke, DUAN Shi-xiang, DOU Jun-ling, YANG Sen, LIU Dong-ming, NIU Huan-huan, ZHU Hua-yu, HU Jian-bin, SUN Shou-ru, MA Chang-sheng, YANG Lu-ming
2022,23(5):1298-1309
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220616001
Abstract:
In recent years, facility cultivation in watermelon has become one of the main ways in China, and dwarf germplasm resources have been of interest considering their application for their unique advantages in facility cultivation. Dwarf is one important agronomic trait in modulating plant architecture, and dwarf watermelon varieties are adaptable for high-density planting, mechanizing management and pest control, which can effectively reduce costs and meet the current needs of simplified watermelon cultivation. In this study, 14 dwarf germplasms, which were collected from domestic and foreign countries, were subjected for self-pollination with several generations to obtain homozygous inbred lines. Fourteen dwarf germplasms were subjected for diallel crosses, and F1 hybrids and derived F2 populations were analyzed for plant architecture related agronomic traits. Based on allelic tests for 14 dwarf germplasms, two types (class-I and class-II) on the dwarf phenotype were observed. The dwarf trait in class-I mutants d1, d2, d3 and d6 was controlled by the same recessive gene Cldw1, while the dwarf trait in class-mutants was controlled by another recessive gene Cldf. The F1 hybrid derived from inter-crosses between two classes were observed with long vine, and the segregation ratio of the vine type in F2 population was 9:3:3:1, thus confirming that the dwarf trait in two types of mutants were controlled by two different recessive genes. The analysis of different dwarf germplasm mutants in this study provided better understanding of watermelon dwarf resources, which has implication in breeding for new watermelon dwarf varieties.
In recent years, facility cultivation in watermelon has become one of the main ways in China, and dwarf germplasm resources have been of interest considering their application for their unique advantages in facility cultivation. Dwarf is one important agronomic trait in modulating plant architecture, and dwarf watermelon varieties are adaptable for high-density planting, mechanizing management and pest control, which can effectively reduce costs and meet the current needs of simplified watermelon cultivation. In this study, 14 dwarf germplasms, which were collected from domestic and foreign countries, were subjected for self-pollination with several generations to obtain homozygous inbred lines. Fourteen dwarf germplasms were subjected for diallel crosses, and F1 hybrids and derived F2 populations were analyzed for plant architecture related agronomic traits. Based on allelic tests for 14 dwarf germplasms, two types (class-I and class-II) on the dwarf phenotype were observed. The dwarf trait in class-I mutants d1, d2, d3 and d6 was controlled by the same recessive gene Cldw1, while the dwarf trait in class-mutants was controlled by another recessive gene Cldf. The F1 hybrid derived from inter-crosses between two classes were observed with long vine, and the segregation ratio of the vine type in F2 population was 9:3:3:1, thus confirming that the dwarf trait in two types of mutants were controlled by two different recessive genes. The analysis of different dwarf germplasm mutants in this study provided better understanding of watermelon dwarf resources, which has implication in breeding for new watermelon dwarf varieties.
2013,14(2):361-366
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2013.02.028
Abstract:
The allotriploid interspecies (BCC) were obtained by reciprocal crosses between Brassica carinata (2n=4x=BBCC=34) and Chinese kale (2n=2x=CC=18). The interspecies displayed a stronger growth than parents; the plant and flower type tended to parent B. carinata; and the flower color was the same as parent Chinese kale. Meiosis observation of the allotriploid showed that 9 bivalents and 8 univalents (9Ⅱ 8Ⅰ) were formed at diakinesis, and the two kind of chromosomes (B and C) tended to separate into two groups; at metaphaseⅠ, 9 bivalents of CC genome arranged on equatorial plane and 8 univalents of B genome distributed around the equatorial plane ; and at anaphaseⅠ, the distributions of chromosomes with 13/13 or 12/14 were in the majority. The obtain of this allotriploid (BCC) provides an important material for production of CC B alien addition lines and for study of chromosome homology between B and C genome.
The allotriploid interspecies (BCC) were obtained by reciprocal crosses between Brassica carinata (2n=4x=BBCC=34) and Chinese kale (2n=2x=CC=18). The interspecies displayed a stronger growth than parents; the plant and flower type tended to parent B. carinata; and the flower color was the same as parent Chinese kale. Meiosis observation of the allotriploid showed that 9 bivalents and 8 univalents (9Ⅱ 8Ⅰ) were formed at diakinesis, and the two kind of chromosomes (B and C) tended to separate into two groups; at metaphaseⅠ, 9 bivalents of CC genome arranged on equatorial plane and 8 univalents of B genome distributed around the equatorial plane ; and at anaphaseⅠ, the distributions of chromosomes with 13/13 or 12/14 were in the majority. The obtain of this allotriploid (BCC) provides an important material for production of CC B alien addition lines and for study of chromosome homology between B and C genome.
2013,14(2):193-201
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2013.02.002
Abstract:
The project of “investigation of biological resources of agriculture in Yunnan province and its peripheral area”belongs to National Basic Task Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology. The project has passed the acceptance inspection from the Ministry of Science and Technology in May, 2012, after it has been carried out for 5 years. Yunnan and its peripheral area are low latitudes and high altitudes, also the concentrative areas inhabited by minority nationality people, where the species of agricultural crops are quite abundant, so are the biological and genetic diversity, as a result, the wild relatives of agricultural crops are plenty. In this paper, the authors have introduced the wild relatives of food crops, economic crops, vegetable crops and fruit trees collected in Yunnan and its peripheral area in order to provide basic information and scientific evidences for the researches and development, and constituting the national conservation policy of the diversity of wild plants and scientific researches.
The project of “investigation of biological resources of agriculture in Yunnan province and its peripheral area”belongs to National Basic Task Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology. The project has passed the acceptance inspection from the Ministry of Science and Technology in May, 2012, after it has been carried out for 5 years. Yunnan and its peripheral area are low latitudes and high altitudes, also the concentrative areas inhabited by minority nationality people, where the species of agricultural crops are quite abundant, so are the biological and genetic diversity, as a result, the wild relatives of agricultural crops are plenty. In this paper, the authors have introduced the wild relatives of food crops, economic crops, vegetable crops and fruit trees collected in Yunnan and its peripheral area in order to provide basic information and scientific evidences for the researches and development, and constituting the national conservation policy of the diversity of wild plants and scientific researches.
2013,14(2):289-297
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2013.02.005
Abstract:
Abstract: tassel is an important reproductive organ of maize and the appearance of different kinds of maize differ in thousands of ways .molecular markers, tightly linked with tassel color, could be screened by genetic analysis and QTL mapping of the color of the maize tassel. these molecular markers can be used as an useful tool for maize variety protection and species identification. Mean while, higher pigment content of anthocyan in purple tassel is closely related to the insect resistance of maize tassel. In this study, a black SDM of maize inbred lines were used as a common male parent and respectively hybrid with the white maize inbred lines of wood and yellow maize inbred line Mo17 to build two F2: 3 groups, respectively named MuS (Mu6 x SDM), and MoS (, Mo17 ?SDM).these two groups were planted in two different environments in Yunnan and Chongqing, then conduct QTL mapping about two traits, the anther color (COAn) and the anther capes color (COCa). The results showed that: the anther color and the anther cape color are both quantitative traits, jointly controlled by major genes and minor genes. Seven QTL related to anther color are detected from the two groups in two different environments. They are located in chromosome 2,3,6 and 10.The QTL within marker interval umc1196a-IDP8526 on the chromosome 10 both expressed in Chongqing and Yunnan, and the contribution rate of the phenotype were 23.17% and 19.98%; nine QTL related to anther cape color are detected from the two groups in two environments, located in chromosome 3, 6, 9 and 10 .Among them, three QTL are environmental insensitive (they express in both two environments and the contribution rate are greater than 10%), which respectively in the marker interval umc1979-umc1796 mmc0523-umc2006 in chromosome 6 and the marker interval umc1196a-umc2043 in the chromosome 10 and the contribution rate of the phenotype ranges from 10.69% to 59.30%. The location and effect of the major QTL detected from these two groups have a high degree of consistency, and the major QTL controlling the two traits of anther color and anther cape color have the phenomenon of chain of distribution, mainly near the marker mmc0523 at bin6.04 and the marker IDP8526 at bin10.04. QTL that located on chromosome 6 and 10, and that are stable in different environments and genetic backgrounds can be regarded as the target sites used for further fine mapping. They can also provide a valuable reference for marker-assisted selection of maize tassel color.
Abstract: tassel is an important reproductive organ of maize and the appearance of different kinds of maize differ in thousands of ways .molecular markers, tightly linked with tassel color, could be screened by genetic analysis and QTL mapping of the color of the maize tassel. these molecular markers can be used as an useful tool for maize variety protection and species identification. Mean while, higher pigment content of anthocyan in purple tassel is closely related to the insect resistance of maize tassel. In this study, a black SDM of maize inbred lines were used as a common male parent and respectively hybrid with the white maize inbred lines of wood and yellow maize inbred line Mo17 to build two F2: 3 groups, respectively named MuS (Mu6 x SDM), and MoS (, Mo17 ?SDM).these two groups were planted in two different environments in Yunnan and Chongqing, then conduct QTL mapping about two traits, the anther color (COAn) and the anther capes color (COCa). The results showed that: the anther color and the anther cape color are both quantitative traits, jointly controlled by major genes and minor genes. Seven QTL related to anther color are detected from the two groups in two different environments. They are located in chromosome 2,3,6 and 10.The QTL within marker interval umc1196a-IDP8526 on the chromosome 10 both expressed in Chongqing and Yunnan, and the contribution rate of the phenotype were 23.17% and 19.98%; nine QTL related to anther cape color are detected from the two groups in two environments, located in chromosome 3, 6, 9 and 10 .Among them, three QTL are environmental insensitive (they express in both two environments and the contribution rate are greater than 10%), which respectively in the marker interval umc1979-umc1796 mmc0523-umc2006 in chromosome 6 and the marker interval umc1196a-umc2043 in the chromosome 10 and the contribution rate of the phenotype ranges from 10.69% to 59.30%. The location and effect of the major QTL detected from these two groups have a high degree of consistency, and the major QTL controlling the two traits of anther color and anther cape color have the phenomenon of chain of distribution, mainly near the marker mmc0523 at bin6.04 and the marker IDP8526 at bin10.04. QTL that located on chromosome 6 and 10, and that are stable in different environments and genetic backgrounds can be regarded as the target sites used for further fine mapping. They can also provide a valuable reference for marker-assisted selection of maize tassel color.
Investigation and Nutrition Components Analysis of Wild Chives in Hezhang County of Guizhou Province
2017,18(6):1137-1144
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2017.06.015
Abstract:
Guizhou province is an important distribution area of wild allium, especially in Hezhang county. In order to understand and study the distribution, the wild Chinese chive in Hezhang county was investigated, and the main nutritional components were analyzed. The results indicated that there are mainly 3 kinds of wild Chinese chive distributed in Hezhang county, Allium wallichii Kunth., Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt.(tentatively named) and Allium hookeri Thwaites (tentatively named). . The geographical distribution, habitat and climate of the wild chives were investigated. Among 17 kinds of amino acids, except for proline, the contents of other amino acids in wild chives were higher than that of the cultivated chive. The sugar contents of wild chives were significantly lower than the cultivated chive. Among 9 trace elements, zinc and iron contents of Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt.were significantly higher than that of cultivated chives and other wild chives. Among 4 kinds of heavy metal, cadmium content in 3 kinds of wild chives exceed the limitation of national standard, especially the cadmium content in Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt. was significantly higher than the others. Content of arsenic, mercury and lead in Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt. also exceed the limitation of national standard; Vc content in leaves and stalk of Allium wallichii Kunth. in original habit was higher than that of cultivated chives. The biological characteristics and nutrition components of wild chives from Hezhang county were significantly different from that of cultivated chives, which will be important genetic resources for utilization and quality development of chives.
Guizhou province is an important distribution area of wild allium, especially in Hezhang county. In order to understand and study the distribution, the wild Chinese chive in Hezhang county was investigated, and the main nutritional components were analyzed. The results indicated that there are mainly 3 kinds of wild Chinese chive distributed in Hezhang county, Allium wallichii Kunth., Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt.(tentatively named) and Allium hookeri Thwaites (tentatively named). . The geographical distribution, habitat and climate of the wild chives were investigated. Among 17 kinds of amino acids, except for proline, the contents of other amino acids in wild chives were higher than that of the cultivated chive. The sugar contents of wild chives were significantly lower than the cultivated chive. Among 9 trace elements, zinc and iron contents of Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt.were significantly higher than that of cultivated chives and other wild chives. Among 4 kinds of heavy metal, cadmium content in 3 kinds of wild chives exceed the limitation of national standard, especially the cadmium content in Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt. was significantly higher than the others. Content of arsenic, mercury and lead in Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt. also exceed the limitation of national standard; Vc content in leaves and stalk of Allium wallichii Kunth. in original habit was higher than that of cultivated chives. The biological characteristics and nutrition components of wild chives from Hezhang county were significantly different from that of cultivated chives, which will be important genetic resources for utilization and quality development of chives.
2020,21(4):975-983
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20191126002
Abstract:
The root system architecture (RSA) determines the composition of the root system and plays an irreplaceable role in crop growth and development. It is of great significance to analyze the genetic mechanism of wheat root architecture and the selection of varieties with better RSA traits in breeding for elite wheat varieties. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) is an effective method to analyze the genetic mechanism of complicated quantitative traits (i.e. RSA) in wheat. In the study, GWAS for RSA-related traits(total root length, total root surface area, total root volume, average root diameter and number of root tips) were conducted in 160 wheat accessions from Henan and Shandong, which were previously genotyped by wheat 660K SNP chip. Twenty-three loci associated with RSA related traits were detected from chromosomes 1A, 2A, 2B, 3B, 4A, 5A, 5B, 5D, 6A, 6B and 7B, and each explained the phenotypic variation variable from 7.2% to 12.8%. Among them, eleven loci are found to coincide with the formerly-reported loci, and the remaining 12 loci are newly identified. Taken together, this study is of significance to uncover the genetic structure of the root architecture with a potential in future breeding of high-yield and stress-resistant wheat cultivars.
The root system architecture (RSA) determines the composition of the root system and plays an irreplaceable role in crop growth and development. It is of great significance to analyze the genetic mechanism of wheat root architecture and the selection of varieties with better RSA traits in breeding for elite wheat varieties. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) is an effective method to analyze the genetic mechanism of complicated quantitative traits (i.e. RSA) in wheat. In the study, GWAS for RSA-related traits(total root length, total root surface area, total root volume, average root diameter and number of root tips) were conducted in 160 wheat accessions from Henan and Shandong, which were previously genotyped by wheat 660K SNP chip. Twenty-three loci associated with RSA related traits were detected from chromosomes 1A, 2A, 2B, 3B, 4A, 5A, 5B, 5D, 6A, 6B and 7B, and each explained the phenotypic variation variable from 7.2% to 12.8%. Among them, eleven loci are found to coincide with the formerly-reported loci, and the remaining 12 loci are newly identified. Taken together, this study is of significance to uncover the genetic structure of the root architecture with a potential in future breeding of high-yield and stress-resistant wheat cultivars.
2020,21(5):1196-1206
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20200109006
Abstract:
In this study, we investigated the phenotypic diversity of 18 characters on five main natural populations of Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum that were collected from three provinces Yunnan, Guangxi and Guizhou in China. The statistical methods used included nested variance analysis, coefficient of variation, correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. The results revealed significant difference at most phenotypic traits among populations if compared to that within populations. The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient (VST) was 75.18%, indicating that the population diversity was largely contributed by the variation among populations. The average variation coefficient of the 18 phenotypic traits was variable from 6.36%–18.51%, with a higher degree of dispersion. PCA showed that plant height, length of ovary, scape height, length of maximum leaf, diameter of flower and length of synsepal were the main sources of phenotypic variation. Pearson correlation analysis showed that plant height, width of synsepal and width of dorsal sepal were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with the majority of plant traits, whereas only the length of synsepal was extremely significantly correlated with geographic factors. Cluster analysis revealed three groups from the five populations, which could be explained by the geographic distribution. This study found that populations of Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum have high genetic diversity, and the variation between populations is much higher than that within the population. The phenotypic diversity indicates that wild Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum populations should be protected as much as possible. Moreover, it is recommended that germplasm is preserved in nurseries and libraries in addition to in-situ conservation, and that an artificial reproduction system is established enhance our conservation efficiency.
In this study, we investigated the phenotypic diversity of 18 characters on five main natural populations of Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum that were collected from three provinces Yunnan, Guangxi and Guizhou in China. The statistical methods used included nested variance analysis, coefficient of variation, correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. The results revealed significant difference at most phenotypic traits among populations if compared to that within populations. The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient (VST) was 75.18%, indicating that the population diversity was largely contributed by the variation among populations. The average variation coefficient of the 18 phenotypic traits was variable from 6.36%–18.51%, with a higher degree of dispersion. PCA showed that plant height, length of ovary, scape height, length of maximum leaf, diameter of flower and length of synsepal were the main sources of phenotypic variation. Pearson correlation analysis showed that plant height, width of synsepal and width of dorsal sepal were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with the majority of plant traits, whereas only the length of synsepal was extremely significantly correlated with geographic factors. Cluster analysis revealed three groups from the five populations, which could be explained by the geographic distribution. This study found that populations of Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum have high genetic diversity, and the variation between populations is much higher than that within the population. The phenotypic diversity indicates that wild Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum populations should be protected as much as possible. Moreover, it is recommended that germplasm is preserved in nurseries and libraries in addition to in-situ conservation, and that an artificial reproduction system is established enhance our conservation efficiency.
2017,18(5):867-873
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2017.05.008
Abstract:
To explore the main characters of the genetic features of sorghum panicle and evaluate the use value of material of latest introduction and cultivation of sorghum parents, thus providing theoretical basis for breeding of sorghum panicle and reference. Four sorghum sterile lines(13163A, 1358A, 128A and 407A ) and 6 restorer lines (9.1R, 213R, 272R, 381R, Dwarf182R and Early21R) were mated, the combining ability of main traits of F1 generation’s panicles was analyzed according to incomplete diallel cross(NCII). The results showed that the main panicle traits exist significant genetic differences, the main performance for the additive gene effect of genetic traits are: spike length, primary branches number, secondary branch number, grain numbe per spike; Narrow heritability size order are: secondary branch number > primary branch number > spike length> grain number per spike > grain weight per spike >1000-kernel weight. Different parent’s general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) is significant difference in different traits. Sterile line 407A and restorer early 21R, 9.1R which has better comprehensive characteristic, have great potential applications in production of hybrid combinations. Restorer 272R combined with lower spike grain number and small grains characteristics can satisfy the market demand for small grain sorghum. In-depth analysis of sorghum hybrid parent main panicle traits, is conducive to the further understanding and use of parent material.
To explore the main characters of the genetic features of sorghum panicle and evaluate the use value of material of latest introduction and cultivation of sorghum parents, thus providing theoretical basis for breeding of sorghum panicle and reference. Four sorghum sterile lines(13163A, 1358A, 128A and 407A ) and 6 restorer lines (9.1R, 213R, 272R, 381R, Dwarf182R and Early21R) were mated, the combining ability of main traits of F1 generation’s panicles was analyzed according to incomplete diallel cross(NCII). The results showed that the main panicle traits exist significant genetic differences, the main performance for the additive gene effect of genetic traits are: spike length, primary branches number, secondary branch number, grain numbe per spike; Narrow heritability size order are: secondary branch number > primary branch number > spike length> grain number per spike > grain weight per spike >1000-kernel weight. Different parent’s general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) is significant difference in different traits. Sterile line 407A and restorer early 21R, 9.1R which has better comprehensive characteristic, have great potential applications in production of hybrid combinations. Restorer 272R combined with lower spike grain number and small grains characteristics can satisfy the market demand for small grain sorghum. In-depth analysis of sorghum hybrid parent main panicle traits, is conducive to the further understanding and use of parent material.
2017,18(5):891-904
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2017.05.011
Abstract:
Abstract: Studies were conducted on the distributions of sugar and acids contents of 118 doses of peach accessions, which contain six cultivar groups in China, for providing reliable evidences of high quality peach breeding selection. In this study Soluble sugar was detected by fehling reagent. Titratable acidity was detected by NaOH.Sugar and organic acid compositions in 295 peach accessions were detected using the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Result:1) Cultivars derived from Yunnan-Guizhou plateau, Southern China Contain high value of sugar compositions (fructose, sucrose), soluble sugar, total sugar, but those are low in cultivars of Northwest China. Cultivars of Changjiang River Region and Northeast China contain high value of fructose.Cultivars derived from North China Plain, Changjiang River Region and Southern China contain low value of titratable acidity , some acid compositions(citrale, quinate, malate) and total acid, but those are high in cultivars of Northwest China. Cultivars derived from North China Plain, Changjiang River Region and Southern China contain high value of SS/TA, SSC/TA and ‘Total sugar/ Total acid’, but those are low in cultivars of Northwest China, Yunnan-Guizhou plateau and Northeast China. 2) For sugar compositions in different cultivars, Ratio of ‘fructose to total sugar’ is the highest in Changjiang River Region cultivars, Northwest China cultivars have a high level of ‘glucose to total sugar’. The ratio of ‘sorbitol to total sugar’ is the highest in Southern China cultivars, but the Northest China cultivars have the lowest level. Ratio of ‘sucrose to total sugar’ have no significant difference in six ecological cultivar groups. For the analysis of acid compositions, Changjiang River Region cultivars have high level of citrale, but cultivars of Southern China have a lower level, which have the highest level of quinate. The ratios of succinic and malate acids have no significant difference in six ecological cultivar groups.
Abstract: Studies were conducted on the distributions of sugar and acids contents of 118 doses of peach accessions, which contain six cultivar groups in China, for providing reliable evidences of high quality peach breeding selection. In this study Soluble sugar was detected by fehling reagent. Titratable acidity was detected by NaOH.Sugar and organic acid compositions in 295 peach accessions were detected using the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Result:1) Cultivars derived from Yunnan-Guizhou plateau, Southern China Contain high value of sugar compositions (fructose, sucrose), soluble sugar, total sugar, but those are low in cultivars of Northwest China. Cultivars of Changjiang River Region and Northeast China contain high value of fructose.Cultivars derived from North China Plain, Changjiang River Region and Southern China contain low value of titratable acidity , some acid compositions(citrale, quinate, malate) and total acid, but those are high in cultivars of Northwest China. Cultivars derived from North China Plain, Changjiang River Region and Southern China contain high value of SS/TA, SSC/TA and ‘Total sugar/ Total acid’, but those are low in cultivars of Northwest China, Yunnan-Guizhou plateau and Northeast China. 2) For sugar compositions in different cultivars, Ratio of ‘fructose to total sugar’ is the highest in Changjiang River Region cultivars, Northwest China cultivars have a high level of ‘glucose to total sugar’. The ratio of ‘sorbitol to total sugar’ is the highest in Southern China cultivars, but the Northest China cultivars have the lowest level. Ratio of ‘sucrose to total sugar’ have no significant difference in six ecological cultivar groups. For the analysis of acid compositions, Changjiang River Region cultivars have high level of citrale, but cultivars of Southern China have a lower level, which have the highest level of quinate. The ratios of succinic and malate acids have no significant difference in six ecological cultivar groups.
2014,15(1):113-119
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2014.01.015
Abstract:
Broccoli is an important cruciferous vegetable, it has a good anti-cancer effect, with the expanding cultivation area of broccoli and the developing of anticancer drug, the demand for broccoli seeds are increasing. Using male sterile line to produce F1 generation seeds is an important way to utilize of heterosis, but the cytoplasmic male sterile lines commonly used in production have the problems of the buds death are heavier in the early, nectar volume is less and seeds production are low. Our group makes excellent broccoli inbred lines as male parent. cabbage dominant genic male sterility material 79-399-3 and cytoplasmic male sterile material OguraCMSR3 629 as the infertility sources, we have obtained multiple dominant genic male sterile lines and cytoplasmic male sterile lines of broccoli through backcrossing method, in order to further effectively use of broccoli male sterile lines and search for better infertility sources, The the differences of the bud death numbers, floral organ structure and number of or frequecing bees visiting flowers among dominant genic male sterile（DGMS）lines，cytoplasmic male sterile（CMS）lines and inbred lines of broccoli 8554, 8590 and 93219 were studied. The results showed that the differences of the bud length, bud diameter, death buds of single branch, corolla diameter, stamen length, anther length, petal length, the times of visiting bees, the number of visiting bees and the time of bees staying on the flower between DGMS and CMS of lines 8554, 8590 and 93219 were significant. On As athe whole, above characteristics in DGMS lines were significantly better than CMS lines.
Broccoli is an important cruciferous vegetable, it has a good anti-cancer effect, with the expanding cultivation area of broccoli and the developing of anticancer drug, the demand for broccoli seeds are increasing. Using male sterile line to produce F1 generation seeds is an important way to utilize of heterosis, but the cytoplasmic male sterile lines commonly used in production have the problems of the buds death are heavier in the early, nectar volume is less and seeds production are low. Our group makes excellent broccoli inbred lines as male parent. cabbage dominant genic male sterility material 79-399-3 and cytoplasmic male sterile material OguraCMSR3 629 as the infertility sources, we have obtained multiple dominant genic male sterile lines and cytoplasmic male sterile lines of broccoli through backcrossing method, in order to further effectively use of broccoli male sterile lines and search for better infertility sources, The the differences of the bud death numbers, floral organ structure and number of or frequecing bees visiting flowers among dominant genic male sterile（DGMS）lines，cytoplasmic male sterile（CMS）lines and inbred lines of broccoli 8554, 8590 and 93219 were studied. The results showed that the differences of the bud length, bud diameter, death buds of single branch, corolla diameter, stamen length, anther length, petal length, the times of visiting bees, the number of visiting bees and the time of bees staying on the flower between DGMS and CMS of lines 8554, 8590 and 93219 were significant. On As athe whole, above characteristics in DGMS lines were significantly better than CMS lines.
2010,11(3):364-368
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2010.03.003
Abstract:
Most agronomic charateristics and complex biosynthetic pathways are determined by the coordination of multiple gene expression ,and gene pyramiding molecular breeding combined with conventional breeding techniques have become the main means for the crop breeding.Gene pyramiding molecular breeding includes genetic transformation molecular breeding and marker-assisted selection molecular breeding. The research progress of crop genetic pyramiding molecular breeding in recent were reviewed. The research methods, the countermeasures on the existing problems of gene pyramiding molecular breeding were discussed and the prospects were described as well in this paper.
Most agronomic charateristics and complex biosynthetic pathways are determined by the coordination of multiple gene expression ,and gene pyramiding molecular breeding combined with conventional breeding techniques have become the main means for the crop breeding.Gene pyramiding molecular breeding includes genetic transformation molecular breeding and marker-assisted selection molecular breeding. The research progress of crop genetic pyramiding molecular breeding in recent were reviewed. The research methods, the countermeasures on the existing problems of gene pyramiding molecular breeding were discussed and the prospects were described as well in this paper.
2010,11(1):1-4
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2010.01.001
Abstract:
Hengduan mountains lie in southwest of China,which is famous by the extending from south to north.There widely distribute wild Dactylis glomerata germplasm resources,which belongs to subspecies glomerata,and subspecies himalayensis.The distribution range of two subspecies is nearly the same,but much difference existed in the morphological characters and phenological development in two subspecies.Through hybridization of subspecies himalayensis and subspecies glomerata in artificial condition,triploid offspring may be obtained.But no definite evidence has been found that hybrid triploid offspring was existed by crossbreeding of two subspecies in natural condition.In recent decade years,many basal studies about the two subspecies have been done in China,but a few were about the protection and utilization.Thinking about the origin,it can be sure that subspecies himalayensis belong to natural origin ecotype,but subspecies glomerata was likely to belong to naturalization species.Because of the competing threat from the subspecies glomerata,it is necessary to reinforce the protection and utilization studies about the subspecies himalayensis.
Hengduan mountains lie in southwest of China,which is famous by the extending from south to north.There widely distribute wild Dactylis glomerata germplasm resources,which belongs to subspecies glomerata,and subspecies himalayensis.The distribution range of two subspecies is nearly the same,but much difference existed in the morphological characters and phenological development in two subspecies.Through hybridization of subspecies himalayensis and subspecies glomerata in artificial condition,triploid offspring may be obtained.But no definite evidence has been found that hybrid triploid offspring was existed by crossbreeding of two subspecies in natural condition.In recent decade years,many basal studies about the two subspecies have been done in China,but a few were about the protection and utilization.Thinking about the origin,it can be sure that subspecies himalayensis belong to natural origin ecotype,but subspecies glomerata was likely to belong to naturalization species.Because of the competing threat from the subspecies glomerata,it is necessary to reinforce the protection and utilization studies about the subspecies himalayensis.
2015,16(3):528-534
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2015.03.014
Abstract:
Barbarea vulgaris is an excellent cruciferous plant, particularly being ideal as a model species to study saponin biosynthesis, insect resistance, and coevolution of plants and insect pest. In order to make full use of B. vulgaris germplasm, the genetic diversity was analyzed among the 34 accessions conserved in the national mid-term gene bank for vegetables, based on the phenologic, morphological and insect resistance data from the field investigation. The results showed significant morphological diversity in B. vulgaris germplasm from Europe. Among the 34 accession, BV13-BAR13 bolted earliest, 47 days earlier than the latest bolting material (BV13-BAR9). Most of the B. vulgaris germplasm have glabrous leaves, strong tillering ability and more leaf numbers. The range and coefficient variation (CV) of the plant height, silique length and inflorescence length are the highest among all traits. Only 9 of 34 B. vulgaris are susceptible to the diamondback moth, most accessions are highly resistant to the pest. The clustering analysis showed that 34 accessions can be divided into 3 groups. The resistant and susceptible germplasm were distributed to different groups, reflecting their genetic relationships. Our research will provide useful materials and information for the genetic breeding of insect resistant B. Vulgaris and cruciferae crops.
Barbarea vulgaris is an excellent cruciferous plant, particularly being ideal as a model species to study saponin biosynthesis, insect resistance, and coevolution of plants and insect pest. In order to make full use of B. vulgaris germplasm, the genetic diversity was analyzed among the 34 accessions conserved in the national mid-term gene bank for vegetables, based on the phenologic, morphological and insect resistance data from the field investigation. The results showed significant morphological diversity in B. vulgaris germplasm from Europe. Among the 34 accession, BV13-BAR13 bolted earliest, 47 days earlier than the latest bolting material (BV13-BAR9). Most of the B. vulgaris germplasm have glabrous leaves, strong tillering ability and more leaf numbers. The range and coefficient variation (CV) of the plant height, silique length and inflorescence length are the highest among all traits. Only 9 of 34 B. vulgaris are susceptible to the diamondback moth, most accessions are highly resistant to the pest. The clustering analysis showed that 34 accessions can be divided into 3 groups. The resistant and susceptible germplasm were distributed to different groups, reflecting their genetic relationships. Our research will provide useful materials and information for the genetic breeding of insect resistant B. Vulgaris and cruciferae crops.
2010,11(6):671-677
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2010.06.004
Abstract:
High molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) in the doubling haploids from stable cultivars and the crossing hybrids between different varieties of common wheat were analyzed to explore the possibility of improving the subunit compositions by anther culture and commercial crossing. Double haploids from five wheat genotypes of Alondra, Orofen, Xinchun9, Verry, and Bainong3217 were obtained by anther culture, and different hybrids were made each other from different wheat lines with different HMW-GS constitutions such as Xingchun9, Jing771, CB037, CS, Ningchun4, Bobwhite, and yangmai12 by crossing. Then, SDS-PAGE was used to analyze the populations of the doubling haploids and the crossing hybrids for HMW-GS combinations. The results indicated that frequent variation of HMW-GS happened in the doubled haploids with a rate up to 61.8% in the test genotypes, among which Alondra and Bainong3217 gave higher variation frequency than other three varieties, and several subunits might be new ones which are not present in the corresponding wild types, but need to be identified further. Comparing with the donor lines, the typical double haploids varied in HMW-GS were not changed in main agronomic characteristics such as plant height, growth period, and grain weight. In most F1 hybrids, the expression of all HMW-GS appeared to be co-dominant, but the expression of one or two HMW-GSs was did found to be suppressed in a few F1 crosses. Cytoplasm of female parents was found to have some effect on the expression of very few subunits in a few crosses. At the same time, 2-3 possible new subunits that did not exist in the parents were observed in the two crosses, Ningchun4/CB037 and Jing771/Ningchun4. By continuous self-crossing and tracing of the new subunits, stable lines expressing the putative new subunits were obtained from the two crosses mentioned above. Variation of HMW-GSs constitution or new HMW-GS can be induced by anther culture and normal cross. Co-dominant of HMW-GS expression did not definitely exist in all F1 crosses. Cytoplasm did effect the expression of HMW-GS in some cases. The present study is theoretical and practical valuable for the improvement of wheat processing quality and the further understanding of the genetic and structural features of HMW-GSs encoding genes.
High molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) in the doubling haploids from stable cultivars and the crossing hybrids between different varieties of common wheat were analyzed to explore the possibility of improving the subunit compositions by anther culture and commercial crossing. Double haploids from five wheat genotypes of Alondra, Orofen, Xinchun9, Verry, and Bainong3217 were obtained by anther culture, and different hybrids were made each other from different wheat lines with different HMW-GS constitutions such as Xingchun9, Jing771, CB037, CS, Ningchun4, Bobwhite, and yangmai12 by crossing. Then, SDS-PAGE was used to analyze the populations of the doubling haploids and the crossing hybrids for HMW-GS combinations. The results indicated that frequent variation of HMW-GS happened in the doubled haploids with a rate up to 61.8% in the test genotypes, among which Alondra and Bainong3217 gave higher variation frequency than other three varieties, and several subunits might be new ones which are not present in the corresponding wild types, but need to be identified further. Comparing with the donor lines, the typical double haploids varied in HMW-GS were not changed in main agronomic characteristics such as plant height, growth period, and grain weight. In most F1 hybrids, the expression of all HMW-GS appeared to be co-dominant, but the expression of one or two HMW-GSs was did found to be suppressed in a few F1 crosses. Cytoplasm of female parents was found to have some effect on the expression of very few subunits in a few crosses. At the same time, 2-3 possible new subunits that did not exist in the parents were observed in the two crosses, Ningchun4/CB037 and Jing771/Ningchun4. By continuous self-crossing and tracing of the new subunits, stable lines expressing the putative new subunits were obtained from the two crosses mentioned above. Variation of HMW-GSs constitution or new HMW-GS can be induced by anther culture and normal cross. Co-dominant of HMW-GS expression did not definitely exist in all F1 crosses. Cytoplasm did effect the expression of HMW-GS in some cases. The present study is theoretical and practical valuable for the improvement of wheat processing quality and the further understanding of the genetic and structural features of HMW-GSs encoding genes.
2013,14(6):996-1012
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2013.06.003
Abstract:
China is one of the major origin centres of Vitis species, and has lots of grape species and inherited resource in the world. There are 40 species, 1 subspecies and 13 varieties originated from China. According to the “description standard and data standard for grape (Vitis L.)”, taking a number of character index as a identification parameters, the genetic. diversity of 23 Chinese wild grape species were analysised by identifying botany characteristics and agronomic traits.The results showed that Chinese wild grape had rich diversity in main phenophase, young shoot down, young shoot color, blade shape, blade color, teeth, berry size, skin color, berry flavor, floral organs and so on, with abundant genetic diversity. It can provide reference for classification,evolution and breeding of vitis . It is suggested that “description standard and data standard for grape (Vitis L.)” for further revision and improvement, in order to adapt Chinese wild vitis resource diversity evaluation research.
China is one of the major origin centres of Vitis species, and has lots of grape species and inherited resource in the world. There are 40 species, 1 subspecies and 13 varieties originated from China. According to the “description standard and data standard for grape (Vitis L.)”, taking a number of character index as a identification parameters, the genetic. diversity of 23 Chinese wild grape species were analysised by identifying botany characteristics and agronomic traits.The results showed that Chinese wild grape had rich diversity in main phenophase, young shoot down, young shoot color, blade shape, blade color, teeth, berry size, skin color, berry flavor, floral organs and so on, with abundant genetic diversity. It can provide reference for classification,evolution and breeding of vitis . It is suggested that “description standard and data standard for grape (Vitis L.)” for further revision and improvement, in order to adapt Chinese wild vitis resource diversity evaluation research.
2022,23(5):1393-1399
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220225002
Abstract:
To understand the genus Fragaria resources distributed in the south of Qinling Mountain in Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province of China, the wild strawberries were surveyed during 2019-2021 (latitude, 32°49′46″ to 33°19′38″; longitude, 106°09′23″ to 106°40′23″). The investigation sites include eight villages of three counties (Mengjiahe Village and Wangjiazhuang Village in Lueyang County; Erliba Village and Dashuya Village in Ningqiang County; Liziba Village, Lijiagou Village, Qiuqiya Village and Toudaohe Village in Mi'an County). A total of 57 wild strawberry accessions were collected in this survey. These accessions were identified and classified into three Fragaria species including Fragaria nilgerrensis Schlect., F. chinensis Lozinsk. and F. pentaphylla Lozinsk. (white-fruited), and two types including F. pentaphylla pink-fruited genotype and F. pentaphylla red-fruited genotype through botanical character observation and ploidy identification. Among them, F. pentaphylla was found to be predominant in population. These wild strawberries were found in the vertical space of 849 - 1352 m above sea level, such as mountains, forests, streams, roadsides, barren fields and rock walls. We provided the characters of the collected Fragaria species in detail, and proposed the suggestions on the protection and utilization of local wild strawberry resources.
To understand the genus Fragaria resources distributed in the south of Qinling Mountain in Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province of China, the wild strawberries were surveyed during 2019-2021 (latitude, 32°49′46″ to 33°19′38″; longitude, 106°09′23″ to 106°40′23″). The investigation sites include eight villages of three counties (Mengjiahe Village and Wangjiazhuang Village in Lueyang County; Erliba Village and Dashuya Village in Ningqiang County; Liziba Village, Lijiagou Village, Qiuqiya Village and Toudaohe Village in Mi'an County). A total of 57 wild strawberry accessions were collected in this survey. These accessions were identified and classified into three Fragaria species including Fragaria nilgerrensis Schlect., F. chinensis Lozinsk. and F. pentaphylla Lozinsk. (white-fruited), and two types including F. pentaphylla pink-fruited genotype and F. pentaphylla red-fruited genotype through botanical character observation and ploidy identification. Among them, F. pentaphylla was found to be predominant in population. These wild strawberries were found in the vertical space of 849 - 1352 m above sea level, such as mountains, forests, streams, roadsides, barren fields and rock walls. We provided the characters of the collected Fragaria species in detail, and proposed the suggestions on the protection and utilization of local wild strawberry resources.
2011,12(2):190-196
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2011.02.009
Abstract:
Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) is an important oilseed and economic crop in China. Oleic content and linoleic content of peanut seed add up to 80%. Oleic acid is an important factor that affects physical and chemical stability and nutritional value of peanut oil. Breeding peanut variety with high oleic content is an important breeding objective of peanut quality to promote international competitiveness and meet domestic consumption demand since 2000. Increasing oleic content in peanut significantly improves the nutritional quality. In this paper, we summarize mutants of high oleic peanut, the genetic characteristics of high oleic acid content and analyse pedigree relationship of high oleic acid peanut varieties and developing methods. Our purpose is to improve high oleic breeding of China peanut.
Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) is an important oilseed and economic crop in China. Oleic content and linoleic content of peanut seed add up to 80%. Oleic acid is an important factor that affects physical and chemical stability and nutritional value of peanut oil. Breeding peanut variety with high oleic content is an important breeding objective of peanut quality to promote international competitiveness and meet domestic consumption demand since 2000. Increasing oleic content in peanut significantly improves the nutritional quality. In this paper, we summarize mutants of high oleic peanut, the genetic characteristics of high oleic acid content and analyse pedigree relationship of high oleic acid peanut varieties and developing methods. Our purpose is to improve high oleic breeding of China peanut.
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ZHANG Shuo, ZHI Hui, ZHANG Wei, TANG Chan-juan, LUO Ming-zhao, TANG Sha, JIA Guan-qing, JIA Yan-chao, LIU Gang, HUANG Zhi-mou, CAI Hai-ya, JIAO Chun-hai, DIAO Xian-min
2022,23(4):1076-1084
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220211001
Abstract:
Leaf color is usually determined by the number, structure, and photosynthetic characters of the chloroplast. Isolation of the functional genes in leaf discoloration mutants of the C4 model plant foxtail millet and deciphering their functions is a way to disclose the regulation mechanism of C4 plant chloroplast biogenesis, development and photosynthesis. In this study, a stripe-leaf mutant t122 was identified from the EMS-induced mutant library of the foxtail millet variety Yugu1. The mutant t122 was observed with developmental retardation, and irregular white stripes on leaves. In contrast to the wild type, the significant decrease on the plant height, leaf length, leaf width, main panicle diameter, main panicle weight, and seed setting rate was observed in t122 mutant, whereas an increase on the panicle number per plant was detected. The photosynthetic capacity of t122 was impaired. By the leaf anatomy analysis, no significant difference in the distance between leaf veins, the number of cell layers between vascular bundles, and the cross-sectional cell area of leaves was observed in t122; however, an increased on the leaf cell length was detected. The ultrastructural observation of chloroplasts showed that, in t122 the chloroplasts showing functional structure were only detected in subsets of leaf cells. The segregation analysis suggested that the stripe-leaf trait of t122 was controlled by a single recessive nuclei-encoding gene. Using the method of MutMap, the candidate gene was mapped to the region of 24.0 Mb - 30.0 Mb on chromosome 3. Collectively, these results laid a good foundation for future cloning and functional characterization of the stripe-leaf gene in foxtail millet.
Leaf color is usually determined by the number, structure, and photosynthetic characters of the chloroplast. Isolation of the functional genes in leaf discoloration mutants of the C4 model plant foxtail millet and deciphering their functions is a way to disclose the regulation mechanism of C4 plant chloroplast biogenesis, development and photosynthesis. In this study, a stripe-leaf mutant t122 was identified from the EMS-induced mutant library of the foxtail millet variety Yugu1. The mutant t122 was observed with developmental retardation, and irregular white stripes on leaves. In contrast to the wild type, the significant decrease on the plant height, leaf length, leaf width, main panicle diameter, main panicle weight, and seed setting rate was observed in t122 mutant, whereas an increase on the panicle number per plant was detected. The photosynthetic capacity of t122 was impaired. By the leaf anatomy analysis, no significant difference in the distance between leaf veins, the number of cell layers between vascular bundles, and the cross-sectional cell area of leaves was observed in t122; however, an increased on the leaf cell length was detected. The ultrastructural observation of chloroplasts showed that, in t122 the chloroplasts showing functional structure were only detected in subsets of leaf cells. The segregation analysis suggested that the stripe-leaf trait of t122 was controlled by a single recessive nuclei-encoding gene. Using the method of MutMap, the candidate gene was mapped to the region of 24.0 Mb - 30.0 Mb on chromosome 3. Collectively, these results laid a good foundation for future cloning and functional characterization of the stripe-leaf gene in foxtail millet.
2013,14(1):111-116
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2013.01.017
Abstract:
Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) widely mediated stress signal transduction, and plays an important role in the control of normal growth of human cells and in the promoting tumor cell development. At present, HSP90 has become forefront projects of cellular immunity, signal transduction and anti-cancer investigation. The physiological function of HSP90 start later in plant than in animal and fungi. Recent researches revealed that plant HSP90 plays an important role in development, environmental stress response and disease resistance. This paper discussed the molecular functions of HSP90, and systematically reviews latest progresses on molecular mechanism of plant HSP90 as well as improvement of plant resistance to facalitate broaden work.
Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) widely mediated stress signal transduction, and plays an important role in the control of normal growth of human cells and in the promoting tumor cell development. At present, HSP90 has become forefront projects of cellular immunity, signal transduction and anti-cancer investigation. The physiological function of HSP90 start later in plant than in animal and fungi. Recent researches revealed that plant HSP90 plays an important role in development, environmental stress response and disease resistance. This paper discussed the molecular functions of HSP90, and systematically reviews latest progresses on molecular mechanism of plant HSP90 as well as improvement of plant resistance to facalitate broaden work.
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