The Journal of Plant Genetic Resources is a bimonthly academic journal co-sponsored by the Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,and China Association of Agricultural Science Societies .Tt is the only journal in China that mainly introduces plant genetic resources. Founded in 2000, officially launched in 2003, quarterly from 2000 to 2009, and bimonthly in 2010.

The contents of the report are field, horticultural crops, ornamental and medicinal plants, basic research on plant genetic resources, research results in applied research, innovative academic papers, and high-level reviews or reviews of forest plants, grass plants and all their economic plants. For example, the investigation, collection, preservation, evaluation, utilization, innovation, Informatics, management, etc. of germplasm resources; Systems of origin, evolution, classification, etc.; Gene excavation, identification, cloning, establishment of gene libraries, and research on genetic diversity.

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    Review
    Research Progress on Nymphaea
    CAO Jing, LI Fengtong, SUN Chunqing
    2025,26(2):207-217, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240524001
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    Abstract:
    Nymphaea is an important aquatic ornamental plant that plays an important role in aquatic ecological restoration， landscaping， horticultural health and other areas. The research progress on the classification and characteristics of Nymphaea by morphology， cytology， palynology and molecular markers was reviewed， and the phylogeny and phylogenetic relationships of Nymphaea were analyzed from different perspectives. The current situation of genomics and gene family function analysis and identification of Nymphaea， as well as the research progress of physiology， biochemistry and resistance of Nymphaea were reviewed， which provided the basis for the systematic study of reproductive growth and stress response mechanism of Nymphaea. At the same time， the research contents of embryonic development， reproductive process and breeding of Nymphaea were reviewed. And in the future， the research of Nympheae should continue to deepen， the genetic transformation system should be established， and the breeding， whole genome sequencing of Nympheae should be strengthened， in order to provide important theoretical basis for the breeding and propagation of new varieties of Nymphaea and the preservation and utilization of germplasm resources of Nymphaea by using molecular biology technology.
    Analysis of New Blueberry Varieties and Breeding Trends in the World in Recent 30 Years
    GONG Xutong, DU Qianhui, LIU Guiting, LU Yani, LI Yutong, SONG Qingqiu, LYU Zixi, WANG Nan, ZHANG Wenji, WANG Hexin, ZHAO Lina, LIU Guoling, XU Guohui
    2025,26(2):218-236, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240524005
    [Abstract] (0) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.13 M] (0)
    Abstract:
    Blueberries are renowned worldwide for their unique nutritional and health benefits. However， as cultivation periods extend， blueberry varieties in different countries and regions are facing challenges such as stress susceptibility， poor adaptability， and mismatched chilling requirements. These issues partly stem from excessive inbreeding， leading to limited genetic diversity and inbreeding depression， which restrict the production of high-quality fresh blueberries and the expansion of cultivation areas. Consequently， countries have initiated hybrid breeding programs based on their local climates and market demands. Nevertheless， current blueberry breeding methods remain confined to traditional hybridization techniques， which are time-consumption， resource-intensive， and lack the application of modern biotechnological breeding approaches. This article aims to introduce the countries involved in blueberry breeding and their varietal development processes， while summarizing and analyzing the breeding trends of six major types of blueberries. It also discusses the modern biotechnological approaches applied in current global blueberry breeding and outlines future breeding goals. It is hoped that these insights will provide a theoretical basis for blueberry breeding efforts in our country.
    Research Articles
    Identification and Evaluation of Time-series Canopy Cover of Soybean Germplasm Resources and Screening of Elite Germplasm
    WANG Qi, BAI Dong, ZHANG Hao, TIAN Yu, CHE Yingpu, LI Jindong, ZHENG Haiyang, JIN Xiuliang, LI Yinghui, QIU Lijuan
    2025,26(2):237-248, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240526001
    [Abstract] (0) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.96 M] (1)
    Abstract:
    Crop germplasm resources serve as the foundational material for the development of new varieties. Advances in high-throughput phenotyping technology offer a new perspective for the exploration and utilization of superior germplasm. In this study， the time-series canopy coverage data from 1129 soybean germplasms， collected by unmanned air vehicles， along with two spatial and temporal traits， max canopy coverage （MaxCC） and canopy cover increase speed （CCSpeed）， were statistically analyzed. This analysis aimed to reveal the dynamic growth characteristics and variations of germplasm resources from different ecological regions in the field. The results showed that under the planting environments of Nanchang， Jiangxi province， the MaxCC and CCSpeed of these germplasm resources exhibited substantial phenotypic diversity， with variation coefficients of 16.09% and 49.35%， respectively. Germplasms with distinct growth habits and ecological origin varied in their MaxCC and CCSpeed； those with a determinate stem growth habit showed faster CCSpeed and a higher MaxCC. Soybean germplasms from southern ecological regions demonstrated higher MaxCC and faster CCSpeed compared from other regions. Twenty-one elite germplasms with MaxCC above 90% and the CCSpeed above 0.3 d-1 were selected. These germplasms are suitable for planting in the southern region due to their early canopy closure， which can mitigate weed pressure， thus reducing field management costs. Rapid accumulation of biomass during the early growth stage can lead to higher yields in later stages. These findings provide a material basis for the breeding of new high-yielding soybean varieties with desirable characteristics and hold significant implications for soybean production.
    Evaluation of Waterlogged Seedling Characteristics and Screening of Elite Rice Germplasm Resources
    ZHANG Shuo, HE Yonggang, LI Bo, YANG Xiaolong, ZHA Zhongping, GUO Ying, JIAO Chunhai, XU Yanhao, CAI Haiya
    2025,26(2):249-259, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20221031003
    [Abstract] (1) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.07 M] (0)
    Abstract:
    Rice direct seeding under waterlogging conditions can not only eliminate the labor cost associating with raising seedlings， transplanting， and drainage， but also effectively prevent the weeds， birds and rats， therefore holding broad application prospects. However， because of the low germination rate under waterlogged conditions， most rice cultivars are unsuitable for direct seeding in flooded fields. Lack of variety seriously limits the development and popularization of waterlogging direct seeding technology. Identifying and screening rice germplasm resources with robust waterlogged seedling characteristics is a crucial foundation for breeding new varieties adapted to waterlogging direct seeding rice. This study utilized rice germplasm materials from domestic and international sources preserved in the Mid-term Crop Germplasm Resource Bank of Hubei province. We measured indicators such as waterlogged seedling rate， germinative force， low-oxygen germination rate， low-oxygen relative germination rate， coleoptile length， low-oxygen coleoptile length， and low-oxygen relative coleoptile length. Seventeen rice germplasm with waterlogged seedling rates exceeding 50% were identified. Correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations between the waterlogged seedling rate and several indicators， including germinative force， low-oxygen germination rate， coleoptile length， low-oxygen coleoptile length， and low-oxygen relative coleoptile length， with the strongest being between waterlogged seedling rate and low-oxygen coleoptile length was the highest. Thus， the low-oxygen coleoptile length could serve as a vital index for identifying and evaluating the waterlogged seedlings characteristics. By detecting and analyzing the haplotype attribute of OsGF14h， an important regulatory gene for waterlogged seedling characteristics， in 254 rice germplasm resources， 8 germplasm resources with high waterlogged seedling rate （>30%） while OsGF14h gene of non-functional-derived haplotype were identified， corresponding clues for the mining of new genes related to waterlogged seedling characteristics were provided. This study offers valuable insights for improving the efficiency of screening and identification waterlogging tolerant rice germplasm resources， exploring the regulatory genes of waterlogged seedling characteristics， and developing new varieties of waterlogging-tolerant rice suitable for direct seeding.
    Genetic Diversity Analysis of Black Rice Germplasm Resources Based on SCoT Markers
    LIU Kexin, ZHANG Xiaojuan, ZHANG Weiping, LI Xinsheng, WU Shenghua, MA Xiuqi
    2025,26(2):260-270, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.5-20240412001
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    Abstract:
    Considering the complexity of black rice germplasm resources on distribution and origin， uncovering the genetic diversity of black rice materials and clarify their genetic relationship becomes of significance. This study analyzed the genetic diversity of 90 rice materials （including 21 black leaf black rice， 24 purple leaf black rice， 30 green leaf black rice， and 15 white rice） by using 30 SCoT primers. A total of 194 fragments were detected by SCoT primers， including 165 that showed polymorphic with the ratio of 85%. The average values of allele number （Na）， effective allele number （Ne）， Nei′s gene diversity index （H） and Shannon′s information index （I） were 1.9216， 1.3922， 0.2445 and 0.3836， respectively. The results of cluster analysis showed that at a genetic similarity coefficient of 0.73， these genotypes were clustered into four groups， coincidence with the results of population structure analysis. The genetic similarity coefficient predominantly ranged from 0.59 to 0.79， indicating a relatively high genetic similarity. Analysis of molecular variance（ANOVA） showed that 91% of the genetic variations were within the population， with only 9% being between the populations. These findings indicate that there is limited genetic diversity in the collection， and enriching genetic diversity of black rice germplasm resources required further efforts. This study provides valuable insights for parental selection in black rice hybridization， and offers a theoretical basis for genetic improvement and cultivation of new black rice varieties.
    Genetic Diversity and Correlation Analysis of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Based on Phenotypic Traits and SSR Markers
    DI Gensen, YAN Lixuan, REN Junnan, WU Lizhu, WANG Zeyong, MA Chunying
    2025,26(2):271-283, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240527001
    [Abstract] (0) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.67 M] (1)
    Abstract:
    In order to clarify the genetic background of the germplasm of Anemarrhena asphodeloides， the genetic diversity of 160 germplasm materials of A.asphodeloides was analyzed based on phenotypic traits and SSR markers using cluster analysis and principal component analysis. The results showed that the diversity index of 21 phenotypic traits ranged from 0.99 to 7.60， with an average value of 1.99. The coefficient of variation ranged from 17.22% to 151.07%， with an average of 51.49%. A total of 143 alleles were detected by capillary electrophoresis using 27 pairs of newly developed SSR primers. The effective alleles ranged from 0.56 to 7.40， with an average of 3.54. Shannon's information index ranges from 0.17 to 0.51， with an average value of 0.36. Polymorphism information content （PIC） ranged from 0.15 to 0.50， with an average of 0.38. Cluster analysis showed that there was no obvious separation of 160 germplasm materials， but some of the same source of germplasm appeared in clusters. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis verified each other and showed similar results， which may be related to the frequent exchange of seeds and seedlings by the seed growers in different regions. In this study， 9 SSR markers associated with 6 phenotypic traits were screened by Chi-square test and T-test， which could be used for marker assisted breeding of female breeding.
    Diversity Analysis of Floral Organ Phenotypic Traits in Tulipa gesneriana L.
    QI Meili, YAO Yulong, QIN Douwen, JU Xiuting
    2025,26(2):284-295, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240417002
    [Abstract] (0) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.44 M] (0)
    Abstract:
    To explore the diversity of floral organ phenotypic traits in tulip germplasm resources， a study was conducted on 60 tulip cultivars， assessing nine district floral organ phenotypic traits. The genetic diversity of these traits was evaluated by principal component analysis and cluster analysis， providing a reference for the evaluation， identification and utilization of tulip germplasm resources. The results revealed significant variation in five quantitative traits （petal diameter， petal cross diameter， stigma length， stigma circumference， and stigma diameter） and four quality traits （corolla main color， pollen color， stigma shape， and flowering period）. The variation coefficients of corolla longitudinal diameter and corolla transverse diameter were 19.35% and 23.41%， respectively， indicating a relatively large variation between cultivars with a high degree of dispersion. However， the variation in stigma length， stigma circumference， and stigma diameter was relatively small， with a concentrated distribution and lower degree of dispersion. 92% of the tested varieties have a triangular prism shaped stigma， while five cultivars showed variation in stigma shape. The proportions of early， middle， and late flowering cultivars are 20%， 68%， and 12%， respectively. Principal component analysis extracted a total of five principal components with a cumulative contribution rate of 85.179%. By establishing a comprehensive evaluation model for the phenotypic traits of tulips， 12 cultivars with a comprehensive score above 0.5 were identified. 'Candy Prince' and 'Foxy Foxtrot' stood out with higher scores， being middle-flowered cultivars characterized by long and thick stigmas and excellent overall floral organ traits. Cluster analysis categorized the 60 tulip cultivars into four groups. Group I comprised of 51 cultivars， primarily large and colorful tulip varieties with thick stigmas and superior overall performance. Group II included only one variety ‘Purple Dream’， characterized by slender corolla and thick and long stigma. Group Ⅲ consisted of 6 cultivars， characterized by short stigma and general performance of floral organ traits. Group Ⅳ included 2 varieties， notable for their stigma shape variation. These results can support the classification of tulip cultivars and the exploration of their phylogenetic relationships from the morphological perspective. This study provides a reference for further development of excellent floral organ ornamental traits， germplasm innovation， and variety improvement in tulips.
    Genetic Diversity Analysis of Phenotypic Traits in Ardisia crenata Germplasm Resources in Wuping， Fujian
    LUO Xiaoting, LIU Xingfa, CAI Changfu, LIAO Bolin, ZHANG Shengzhong, ZHANG Senhang, CAI Bangping
    2025,26(2):296-308, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240528001
    [Abstract] (0) [HTML] (0) [PDF 3.71 M] (1)
    Abstract:
    To explore the phenotypic diversity of A. crenata germplasm resources， 32 phenotypic traits of 56 A. crenata germplasm resources were analyzed using variance analysis， correlation analysis， principal component analysis， and cluster analysis. Diversity analyses showed that 56 A. crenata germplasm had enriched variation， with the Shannon-Wiener indices of 18 qualitative traits varying from 0.300 to 1.247， with a mean value of 0.734， and 14 quantitative traits with Shannon-Wiener indices ranging from 1.931 to 2.071， with a mean value of 2.007， and coefficients of variation 8.98%-46.32%， mean value 23.3%. The results of the correlation analysis showed that fruit transverse and longitudinal diameters had the highest correlation， fruit skin color was highly significantly positively correlated with fruiting branch total axis color， fruiting branch sub-axis color， fruit stalk color，and internode length was highly significantly positive correlated with plant height， current year trunk height. Principal component analysis indicated that eight principal components with a cumulative contribution of 76.34%， mainly plant and fruiting branch length， fruit and leaf color， were the main factors for phenotypic differences in A. crenata germplasm； four excellent germplasm resources of A. crenata with high composite scores were obtained by screening. Cluster analysis could classify the 56 A. crenata germplasm into six taxa， and there were large differences in phenotypic traits among different taxa. The abundant phenotypic diversity and varietal types provide a basis for the selection， development， and utilization of superior germplasm resources of A. crenata.
    Genetic Analysis of Powdery Mildew Resistance in Siyuehuang， a Wheat Landrace in Shanxi Province， China
    NIU Huizhen, REN Yongkang, TANG Zhaohui, ZHANG Xiaojun, NIU Yuqi
    2025,26(2):309-318, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240426002
    [Abstract] (0) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.16 M] (0)
    Abstract:
    Powdery mildew is a devastating fungal pathogen that threatens wheat production. Identifying resistant germplasm and exploring resistance genes are crucial for sustainable improvement of wheat genetic resistance. Siyuehuang， a wheat landrace identified with resistance to powdery mildew from Shanxi Province’s wheat germplasm resources， was crossed with susceptible cultivar Jinmai 47. The segregation population was developed and subjected for artificial inoculation for resistance assessment and genetic analysis at seedling stage. We employed the bulked segregant analysis （BSA） combined with a 90K SNP array to locate the resistance genes. The resistance of Siyuehuang to powdery mildew was controlled by a single dominant nuclear gene （provisionally named PmSYH）， with an inheritance pattern in accordance with Mendelian inheritance law. SNP array analysis revealed that polymorphic SNP markers were mainly enriched in the 110 Mb to 140 Mb segment on the short arm of wheat chromosome 7D. SSR （Simple Sequence Repeats） molecular markers were developed in the interval， and six markers linked to PmSYH were obtained for genotyping the F2 population. PmSYH was mapped in the physical interval of 132.6 Mb to 137.5 Mb， flanked by Sxau7DS-37 and Sxau7DS-48 with genetic distance of 1.8 cM and 3.1 cM， respectively. Comparative analysis with previous localization results suggests that PmSYH is a new resistant gene against powdery mildew. This study provided wheat new genetic resources for wheat resistance breeding， with a certain value for improving resistance to powdery mildew in the northern winter wheat region.
    Fine Mapping of the Etiolation Mutant Gene Zmet 9 in Maize
    LI Yongsheng, WANG Xiaojuan, LIAN Xiaorong, LIANG Gensheng, HE Haijun, YANG Yanzhong, ZHOU Wenqi, DONG Xiaoyun, ZHOU Yuqian, LIU Zhongxiang
    2025,26(2):319-330, DOI: 10.19462/j.cnki.1671-895x.2023.01.025
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    Abstract:
    Photosynthesis is the basis for plant survival. Leaf color mutants are often accompanied by abnormal chloroplast structure and blocked photosynthetic pigment synthesis. Therefore， the study of leaf color mutants can provide experimental data and theoretical support for photosynthesis and photomorphogenesis. In this study， maize etiolation mutant et9， which was identified from maize inbred line PH6WC treated by 2.48 Gy fast neutron irradiation， was used as the material. Through phenotypic identification， determination of chlorophyll content in leaves， microscopic observation of chloroplast structure and analysis of photosynthetic characteristics， plant height and panicle height of et9 plants were very significantly lower than those of the wild type. The flag leaf length， flag leaf width and the third leaf width were very significantly reduced in mutant. The tasseling， pollen shedding and silking stages were delayed by 10-12 days compared with the wild type. The contents of chlorophyll a， chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll were obviously lower than those of the wild type. The chloroplast structure is loose， the distribution of thylakoids is chaotic， and the number of basal grains is small. In contrast to the wild type， the net photosynthetic rate， stomatal conductance and transpiration rate decreased significantly， while the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration increased significantly. The chloroplast fluorescence parameters were significantly lower than those of the wild type except for photochemical quenching. Genetic segregation analysis revealed that the yellowing phenotype was controlled by a nuclear recessive gene， named Zmet9. The F2 segregating population was generated by crossing it with maize inbred line B73， and the mutation site was initially located in the 20-22 Mb on chromosome 9 of maize using the BSR-seq method. Four KASP markers and two InDel markers were further developed in the initial mapping interval， and about 1100 plants showing mutant phenotype were used for fine mapping. Finally， Zmet9 was finely mapped to a region of about 160 kb between markers KASP19 and 2040. This interval contains five annotated candidate genes， of which Zm00001d045384 encodes an iron superoxide dismutase. Considering that mutation of its homologous genes FSD2 and FSD3 in Arabidopsis shows leaf color bleaching phenotype， we speculate that Zm00001d045384 may be a candidate gene for Zmet9.
    Identification and Transcriptome Analysis of the High Methionine Mutant Zmts1 in Maize Kernels
    HONG Zeyuan, LU Xin, TANG Zeyang, ZHOU Zhiqiang, GUO Changhong, LI Xinhai
    2025,26(2):331-341, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240515002
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    Abstract:
    Methionine is the primary limiting amino acid in maize-soybean meal diets for livestock and poultry. An imbalance in amino acids can inhibit protein synthesis in animals， thus affecting the quality of meat and milk. To analyze the regulatory mechanism governing methionine accumulation in maize grains， this study used homologous cloning strategy to identify a candidate gene， ZmTS1 （Threonine Synthase 1）， which affects methionine content. Methionine content in Zmts1 mutant seeds increased by 60%. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that the methionine residue-rich 10 kDa-δ alcohol-soluble protein in mature Zmts1 mutant kernel was significantly elevated compared to the wild type， confirming that this gene could significantly increase methionine content in maize kernels. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the gene contained a threonine synthase structural domain and the encoded protein was hydrophilic. Transcriptome analysis revealed 1144 differentially expressed genes associated with methionine metabolism， of which 571 and 573 were up-regulated and down-regulated， respectively. GO and KEGG enrichment pathway analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in the biosynthesis and metabolism of amino acids. qRT-PCR was used to further analyze seven key candidate genes that may be involved in methionine metabolism pathway. The transcriptional patterns revealed by both in RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR implied indirect functions of these genes in the methionine metabolic pathway. This study provides new germplasm resources for breeding methionine-rich maize， and offers a theoretical basis for understanding methionine regulation mechanisms in maize.
    Cloning of the FtAPDSLX1 Gene in Tartary Buckwheat and Analysis of Its Anti-Rhizoctonia solaniand Function
    YANG Zhimin, PENG Xiaoyang, HUANG Xu, JIAO Ruyu, LI Wei, GUAN Chaonan, ZHOU Meiliang, YAN Mingli, XIAO Lu
    2025,26(2):342-355, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240410001
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    Abstract:
    Tartary buckwheat （Fagopyrum tataricum）， a member of the Fagopyrum genus of the Polygonaceae family， is an annual herbaceous plant known for its medicine and edible qualities. The occurrence of Fagopyrum damping-off has seriously affected the promotion and development of tartary buckwheat cultivation. This study conducted transcriptome analysis on tartary buckwheat treated with jasmonic acid or salicylic acid， revealing that the transcription of the aspartic protease gene FtAPDSLX1 was inducible. Through analyzing gene expression in genotypes showing levels of resistance，significantly higher transcripts of FtAPDSLX1 were detected in resistant line if compared to susceptible ones. Using the representative variety Chuanqiao No. 1 as material， the FtAPDSLX1 gene was cloned with the full-length coding sequence of 1143 base pairs. This gene encodes 380 amino acids， and its promoter contains multiple cis-elements associating with disease resistance. FtAPDSLX1 was up-regulated in the seedlings upon Rhizoctonia solaniand invasion and its expression exhibited significant tissue specificity. Disease resistance analysis of Arabidopsis plants overexpressing FtAPDSLX1 indicated that FtAPDSLX1 led to enhanced resistance against Rhizoctonia solaniand. Overexpressing FtAPDSLX1 resulted in elevated enzymatic activities of SOD and POD. These results suggest that FtAPDSLX1 may participate in the defense against Rhizoctonia solaniin in tartary buckwheat. The functional validation of FtAPDSLX1 and related studies provided a foundation for unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying Fagopyrum tataricum's resistance to Rhizoctonia solaniand for screening disease-resistant germplasm resources.
    Identification and Functional Analysis of Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase （PmCAD） Genes in Prunus mume
    LIU Siyuan, LUO Yuhang, DENG Sihang, CHEN Yun, BAO Fei
    2025,26(2):356-368, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240516001
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    Abstract:
    Prunus mume Siebold & Zucc.， known for its numerous varieties and diverse floral scents， includes cinnamyl alcohol and cinnamyl acetate as unique floral scent components in pink varieties. In plants， cinnamaldehyde is reduced to cinnamyl alcohol under the catalytic action of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase （CAD）， which in turn forms cinnamyl acetate under the catalysis of acetyltransferase. Therefore， cinnamyl alcohol is not only a significant floral scent component in P. mume， but also a crucial precursor for the synthesis of cinnamyl acetate. This study identified 56 PmCAD homologous genes based on the updated genome of P. mume. These PmCAD family members can be categorized into five subgroups. The protein conserved motif composition of subgroups I， II， and III is relatively similar， with significant differences from subgroups IV and V， suggesting potential functional divergence. Chromosome segmental duplication and tandem duplication were identified as two forms of PmCAD replication in genome evolution. The promoters of PmCAD genes were found to extensively contain abscisic acid， methyl jasmonate， salicylic acid responsive elements， and meristem related elements， suggesting that PmCAD genes are mainly involved in the growth， development， and stress response. Phylogenetic analysis of CAD from P. mume and other species indicated that the three PmCAD genes located in subgroup III may be involved in floral scent synthesis. Heat map analysis in different tissues and organs indicated that the three PmCAD were all expressed in flowers. Furthermore， analysis of relative gene expression revealed that the expression patterns of the three candidate PmCAD genes varied at different stages of flowering， with higher expression levels after the flowers bloom. The in vitro enzyme activity analysis confirmed that all three PmCAD possess cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity， indicating that they jointly participate in the synthesis of cinnamyl alcohol. Subcellular localization analysis revealed differences in their intracellular distribution， suggesting distinct cellular roles. This study sheds light on the evolution and functional differentiation of the PmCAD genes in P. mume， laying a theoretical foundation for the synthesis of key floral scent components and providing theoretical bases for floral fragrance molecular breeding in P. mume.
    Drought Resistance Function Identification of Chrysanthemum CmMYB15-like Gene
    SHI Zhikun, ZHANG Yixue, SONG Ziyan, ZHANG Kaiming, LI Yonghua, LI Fei
    2025,26(2):369-379, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240520002
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    Abstract:
    Chrysanthemum （Chrysanthemum morifolium） has important ornamental and economic value. Drought reduces its yield and quality， resulting in great economic losses. It is an important means to solve the above problems to dig out drought resistant genes in chrysanthemum and cultivate drought resistant varieties. MYB transcription factors are involved in plant growth and development and response to abiotic stress. This study involved the heterologous expression of the CmMYB15-like gene from chrysanthemum in Arabidopsis， followed by the observation of phenotypic changes under drought stress. The investigation of drought resistance function of this gene included measurement of relative water content （RWC）， malondialdehyde （MDA） content， soluble sugars （SS）content， superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity， and lignin content. The survival rate， relative water content， superoxide dismutase activity and soluble sugar content of overexpressed CmMYB15-like Arabidopsis thaliana were significantly increased compared with the wild type， while the malondialdehyde content was significantly decreased compared with the wild type. The length of taproot and number of lateral roots were significantly higher than those of wild type. In addition， AtPAL2， AtPAL4， At4CL1 and other lignin synthesis-related genes were significantly up-regulated， and the lignin content was significantly increased.These results indicate that CmMYB15-like is involved in the drought stress response of Arabidopsis thaliana， which provides a theoretical basis for the selection of drought-resistant gene resources and breeding of chrysanthemum cultivars.
    Cloning of LbALDH3F1 Gene from Lycium barbarum and Analysis of Its Salt Tolerance
    MA Xiaoxia, HU Jinhong, LIANG Wangli, MA Yurong, SUN Wen, WANG Lingxia, QIN Ken, LIANG Wenyu
    2025,26(2):380-393, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240517001
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    Abstract:
    Lycium barbarum Linn. is a well-known salt-tolerant medicinal plant. In this study， the LbALDH3F1 gene was cloned from L. barbarum by RACE， LbALDH3F1 gene promoter sequence was also cloned by PCR. Overexpression vector pCAMBIA 2300 EGFP-LbALDH3F1 was constructed for genetic transformation and subcellular localization in Arabidopsis thaliana， detection of NaCl stress tolerance in transgenic A. thaliana and PCR identification were carried out. The results showed that the LbALDH3F1 was 1700 bp in length， with a CDS of 1446 bp， encoding 481 amino acids. The upstream promoter sequence of LbALDH3F1 was 1850 bp. The secondary structure of LbALDH3F1 was dominated by α-helix and irregular coil. The LbALDH3F1 localized in nucleus and cell membrane. With the severity of NaCl stress， the expression of LbALDH3F1 in L. barbarum showed a tendency of increasing and then decreasing， and the highest expression was found at 200 mmol/L NaCl stress. Genetic transformation of LbALDH3F1 revealed that transgenic LbALDH3F1 A. thaliana was significantly more tolerant to NaCl stress， SOD showed higher activity， proline and chlorophyll a content were significantly increased under 300 mmol/L NaCl stress， whereas H2O2 and MDA content were significantly lower than wild type A. thaliana under high salt stress. These results lay a foundation for further studying the function of LbALDH3F1 gene in L. barbarum and its response mechanism in response to salt stress.
    Construction of the EMS Mutagenesis Library for Industrial Hemp and Expression of Genes Related to Cannabinoid Biosynthesis
    LIU Yongbei, ZHANG Xiaoyu
    2025,26(2):394-403, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240430002
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    Abstract:
    Industrial hemp （Cannabis sativa L.） is a high-value cash crop with applications in papermaking， healthcare， textiles， and other industries. The development of new industrial hemp germplasm is crucial for both breeding programs and functional genomic research. In this study， we constructed a mutant library of the variety ZHONGDAMAZI 4 （ZD4） using ethyl methanesulfonate （EMS） mutagenesis. By establishing a gradient of eight EMS concentrations， we determined that a 0.8% EMS concentration was optimal for inducing mutations in ZD4. After treating 2000 seeds with EMS solution， a total of 644 M1 seedlings were obtained， with a germination rate of 32.2%. Ninety individual plants exhibited variations in leaf color， inflorescence， and plant height， resulting in a mutation rate of 13.98%. High-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） was used to measure the cannabidiol （CBD） content of the M1 plants， resulting in the identification of 3 high-CBD and 2 low-CBD mutants. Sequencing analysis didn’t reveal sequence variations in the coding and promoter sequences of five key cannabinoid biosynthetic enzyme genes （CsPT4， CsOAC1， CsOLS1， CsCBDAS， and CsTHCA） in the CBD content mutants remained unchanged. However， the expression levels of these enzymes varied significantly compared to the control. It is inferred that EMS treatment induced mutations in regulatory genes affecting the CBD metabolic pathway in the mutants， thereby regulating the transcriptional expression and resulting in significant changes in CBD content. This study provides germplasm resources for industrial hemp breeding through the establishment of an EMS mutant library and lays a solid foundation for further elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of cannabinoid biosynthesis and related genes.
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    Insertion and deletion (InDel) distribution and selection of breeding markers of Chinese bayberry germplasm resources based on resequencing
    JIAO Yun, GAO Zhongshan, WANG Guoyun, CHEN Fangyong, YAO Xiaoying, ZHOU Chaochao
    Available online:  December 10, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240626001
    [Abstract] (11) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.92 M] (112)
    Abstract:
    The InDel markers have been widely used in the research fields of molecular marker-assisted breeding of fruit trees. However, there are few reports on the related studies of Chinese traditional characteristic fruit trees “Chinese bayberry”. In this study, a total of 25,831 InDels with a size distribution ranging from 1 to 50 bp were obtained through whole genome resequencing and bioinformatics analysis of 103 Chinese bayberry core germplasm. The frequency of InDel variation on different chromosomes ranged from 8,903 to 11,297bp. Among them, the frequency of InDel mutation was the highest on chromosome CM025856.1. Annotation analysis showed that 1,312 InDels were distributed in the gene exon region, and another 21,055 and 6,659 InDels were distributed in the intergenic region and intron region, respectively. Through GO annotation, the functions of the above InDels molecules mainly include binding and catalytic activity. Biological processes mainly involve cellular processes and metabolic processes. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the function of InDels gene region was mainly include secondary metabolism, carbon metabolism and nucleocytoplasmic transport. The results of genome-wide association analysis were used to obtain 20 InDels that were significantly associated with riping-stage traits of Chinese bayberry fruits. Their functional annotations mainly involved mitochondria, plastid structural genes, riboside triphosphate hydrolase and cytokinin signaling proteins. Further verification and analysis screened out the InDel EP-18 labeled Chinese bayberry fruit maturity traits identification accuracy was higher, up to 89.25%; Through gene prediction results, it was found that this locus annotation was an Early nodulin family gene. In conclusion, InDel EP-18 markers obtained in this study will provide an important theoretical basis for molecular assisted breeding of Chinese bayberry.
    Application of image recognition technology in the assessment of leaf morphology and diversity of apricot germplasm
    王碧君, 章秋平, 刘威生, 刘硕, 刘宁, 张玉萍, 张玉君, 徐铭, 马小雪, 刘家成, 赵海娟
    Available online:  December 10, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240616001
    [Abstract] (10) [HTML] (0) [PDF 3.16 M] (149)
    Abstract:
    Abstract: In order to explore the genetic diversity of apricot leaf morphology, and to facilitate the collection of apricot germplasm resources and variety identification. In this study, the comparative analyses were carried out by using various methods, such as descriptive statistics, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed the coefficients of variation (cv) of the 13 graded traits were all above 20%, and the three leaf traits of leaf tip length, leaf margin serration depth, and position of the widest part of the leaf blade differed greatly, which can be used as traits to distinguish leaf morphology of different apricot varieties. The magnitude of variation for the 15 quantitative traits ranged from 4.16% to 29.5%, which showed that the degree of leaf variation among apricot varieties was high, and there were a variety of types and rich genetic diversity among apricot varietal resources. Through correlation analysis, it was found that there was a highly significant positive correlation between four traits: leaf blade roundness, leaf blade rectangularity, leaf apex angle and leaf base angle; leaf base shape was highly significantly and positively correlated with leaf base angle with a correlation coefficient of 0.92, and highly significant negatively correlated with leaf length-to-width ratio; and leaf roundness was significantly negatively correlated with leaf tip length, which indicated that tip length of leaf to a certain extent could reflect the leaf shape. Through principal component analysis, the 15 quantitative traits were divided into four composite factors, and the cumulative contribution rate reached more than 85.04%. The results showed that the first principal component consisted of five traits, including leaf area, leaf circumference, leaf length, leaf width, and petiole length, which mainly reflected the traits related to the size of the leaf blade of the apricot germplasm resources; the second principal component reflected the traits related to the color of the leaf blade; and the third and the fourth principal components reflected the traits related to leaf blade shape and leaf blade serration ratio, respectively. The four dominant factors of leaf size, leaf color, leaf shape and average serration height can be used as the main phenotypic indexes for classification of apricot germplasm resources. Apricot germplasm resources were classified into 8 taxa based on cluster analysis. Taxon Ⅰ consisted of only 2 germplasm, Zao Dahuang and Chaoxianxing, which were in the large-leaved-cuneate category; Taxon Ⅱ and Ⅲ both consisted of 1 material, which was Huanna and Zhuolumuguxing, respectively; Taxon Ⅳ consisted of 18 germplasm, which were in the small-leaved-deep-green category; Taxon Ⅴ consisted of 1 Central Asian germplasm, which was in the Stella category; Taxon Ⅵ consisted of 1 material, which was in the large-leaved-cardinal category; Taxon VII consisted of 12 germplasm, which were in the large-leaved-truncate category; Taxon VIII was further classified into 6 subgroups. Taxon VII consists of 12 germplasm, which is large-leaved-truncate; Taxon VIII is further divided into six subgroups. In this study, based on the application of image recognition technology, we were able to rapidly evaluate the leaf morphology of apricot varieties and resources, and increase the length of the leaf tip, the depth of the leaf margin serration, and the position of the widest part of the leaf . These three leaf grading traits can be used as the basis for identifying different apricot varieties, which will be of certain reference value for the future evaluation of leaf morphology of China""s apricot germplasm resources and varietal identification.
    Investigation and Analysis of Edible Bean Germplasm Resources in Jiangxi and Screening of Excellent Resources
    XIN Jia-jia, ZHANG Nan-feng, TU Yu-qin, ZHANG Yang, GUAN Feng, TANG Jie
    Available online:  December 03, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.202420240613001
    [Abstract] (10) [HTML] (0) [PDF 7.56 M] (141)
    Abstract:
    1307 local edible bean germplasm resources in Jiangxi were investigated and analyzed. The edible bean germplasm resources in Jiangxi were distributed in 89 counties ( cities and districts ) of 11 prefecture-level cities, among which Shangrao City, Yichun City, Ganzhou City, Jiujiang City, Ji ""an City and Fuzhou City had the largest number of resources. The distribution quantity of edible bean resources in Jiangxi decreased with the increase of altitude. he edible bean germplasm resources in Jiangxi Province cover 7 genera and 12 species. The cowpea resources have strong ecological adaptability, wide distribution area and the largest number. In addition to cowpea, the resources of mung bean, bean and adzuki bean are abundant in the low altitude areas of Jiangxi Province, and the resources of common bean and Lima bean are abundant in the middle and high altitude areas. The higher diversity index of edible beans in various cities is concentrated in the altitude of 0 ~ 500m ; cowpea, mung bean, rice bean and pea resources were abundant in Shangrao City, Yichun City, Jiujiang City, Ji ""an City and Pingxiang City. Cowpea and mung bean resources were abundant in Yingtan City, Xinyu City, Jingdezhen City and Nanchang City. Cowpea, bean and pea resources were abundant in Ganzhou City. Cowpea, rice bean and common bean resources were abundant in Fuzhou City. hrough phenotypic identification, the qualitative and quantitative traits of 449 cowpea resources with the largest number were analyzed. The diversity indexes of the eight quality traits were in the order of grain color > tender pod color > flower color > leaf shape > pod shape > mature pod color > grain shape > growth habit. The variation coefficients of pod length and 100-seed weight were the largest in quantitative traits, which had great potential for improvement. According to the comprehensive performance of agronomic traits, quality, resistance and yield, 30 excellent germplasm resources of different crop species were selected. These excellent germplasm resources of edible beans have great potential for excavation, which is of great significance for accelerating the innovative utilization of edible bean germplasm resources in Jiangxi.
    Creation of Early Maturity Mutants by Editing of Gmphya2 Via CRISPR/Cas9 Technology
    ZHANG Xiang, HAN Jia-nan, YU Li-li, ZHOU Ya, WANG Xiao-bo, QIU Li-juan
    Available online:  November 22, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr. 20240604001
    [Abstract] (19) [HTML] (0) [PDF 718.86 K] (153)
    Abstract:
    The photoperiod sensitivity of soybean limits the popularization of excellent soybean varieties for planting. In this study, we created new soybean varieties with early maturity and stable yield by reducing the sensitivity of soybean to photoperiod and expanding the planting range of good varieties. Three soybean GmphyA2 pure mutants were obtained using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The created gmphya2 mutants encodes a truncated protein without PHY structural domain due to a base deletion resulting in a code-shift mutation. Comparisons were made to characterize the fertility, plant size, and yield of the gmphya2 mutant and the WT. The results showed that because of significantly increased expression of GmFT2a and GmFT5a during the pre-flowering period, the gmphya2 mutant flowered 5-6 days earlier and matured 6-11 days earlier relative to the WT. Although the fertility period was shortened, the single grain weight was not significantly different from that of the WT due to a significant increase in both the effective number of branches and the number of grains per plant in the gmphya2 mutant. These results indicate that the editing of GmphyA2 usingCRISPR/Cas9 technology has created a new soybean germplasm with unchanged yield per plant with shortened fertility period, which provides a new genetic resource for breeding for early maturity and high yield.
    Salt Tolerance Identification of 769 Mung Bean Germplasm at Germination Stage
    Li Shi Qing, Wang Su-hua, Zhang Yao-wen, Wang Li-xia
    Available online:  November 22, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr. 20240818002
    [Abstract] (14) [HTML] (0) [PDF 799.78 K] (154)
    Abstract:
    The salt tolerance of mung bean at germination stage is an important index for its utilization in saline-alkali soil. Identification of germplasm with high salt tolerance at germination stage can improve the utilization rate of salinization land. In the present study, based the pre-experiment, we selected 1.2% NaCl as the best solution for identification of 769 mung bean accessions at their germination stage, by measuring germination rate(GR), germination potential(GP), germination index(GI), relative salt damage rate and other indexes through hydroponic experiments. The results showed that the average germination rate of mung bean germplasm under 1.2% NaCl salt stress was 52.9%. Among different regions, the average germination rate of resouces from East Asia is the highest (66.5%), while it is the highest from Northeast China (57.4%). The degree of variation in germination potential is the highest among all indexes under salt stress (CV: 58.0%), particularly the germplasm from the North China region, its coefficient of variation reached 63.2%. In terms of seed coat traits, the salt tolerance of brown-grained germplasm was notably weaker than that of other colored seeds, while the germplasm with luster seed coat had significantly greater tolerance than the dull-surfaced resources. The analysis revealed a significant correlation between the 100-seed weight and their salt tolerance, with germplasm weighing less than 3 g showing a marked decrease in salt tolerance. This study offer data support for the selection of salt-tolerant germplasm and variety breeding in mung bean.
    Germplasm Resources Investigation and Phenotypic Diversity Evaluation of Erythropalum scandens in Guangxi
    HUANG Shi-yu, ZHANG Xiang-jun, YANG Tian-wei, TIAN Shan-shan, ZHANG Shang-wen
    Available online:  November 20, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240801002
    [Abstract] (15) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.27 M] (155)
    Abstract:
    The phenotypic diversity analysis and comprehensive evaluation of 142 germplasms of Erythropalum scandens were carried out by means of coefficient of variation, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis, which laid a foundation for the breeding of E. scandens in Guangxi. The survey found that Chongzuo City and Baise City had more wild germplasm resources, followed by Nanning City, and a small number of wild germplasm resources of E. scandens were found in Hechi City, Wuzhou City, Yulin City, Fangchenggang City, Liuzhou City, Beiliu City, Pingguo City and Pingxiang City. The wild germplasm mainly distributed in limestone hills, slopes, mountains, sparse forests, dense forests, with an altitude of 140-1001 m. The statistical results showed that the coefficient of variation of 11 phenotypic traits was between 2.76% and 18.75% of 142 germplasms, indicating that the genetic difference of germplasm resources in Guangxi was large. Correlation analysis showed that leaf length was significantly correlated with leaf width, length of the second branch internode, main stem diameter, fruit longitudinal diameter and leaf thickness. Leaf width was significantly correlated with leaf thickness and fruit longitudinal diameter. Petiole length was significantly correlated with the second branch diameter, the second branch internode length and main stem diameter. Altitude was significantly positively correlated with leaf thickness, but significantly negatively correlated with leaf length, leaf width and second-order branch internode length. The results of cluster analysis showed that 142 germplasm materials could be divided into 4 categories when the Euclidean distance was 4.5, The first, second, third and fourth categories contained 49, 54, 27 and 12 germplasms, respectively. Principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the five principal components was 68.25%. Principal component 1 and principal component 2 mainly reflected leaf and branch related indicators, while principal component 3, principal component 4 and principal component 5 mainly reflected fruit related indicators. The comprehensive evaluation results showed that the top ten germplasms were all from Chongzuo City, including 5 cultivated germplasms and 5 wild germplasms, which could provide excellent parents for the breeding and improvement of new varieties of E. scandens.
    Construction of a Knowledge Graph for Selection and Breeding Research of New Potato Varieties in China Based on GraphRAG
    Wei Yijin, 任有强, 赵慧, 樊景超, 方沩, 闫燊
    Available online:  November 14, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240919001
    [Abstract] (11) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.92 M] (170)
    Abstract:
    Potato is the world"s fourth largest staple crop with high yield potential. To meet the future challenges of food security, selection of early-maturing and high-yielding potato varieties with stable disease resistance is needed. In this study, in order to assist the research of new potato variety selection and breeding, and to clarify the current status of new potato varieties in China, 227 potato selection and breeding literatures in the China Knowledge Network (CNKI) database were used as research objects, and a knowledge map was constructed by using GraphRAG and Qwen2-70B-instruct and visualized by using Gephi. Based on the constructed knowledge graph, the genealogy, resistance and fertility period of new potato varieties selected and bred in China in recent years were analyzed, and the analysis results indicated that more parents used in the selection and breeding of new potato varieties in recent years were Jizhangyan No. 8, Svante, Longyan No. 7, Feiuretta, and Early Large White, etc. Most of the new potato varieties were resistant to late blight, and most of them were of medium-late to late-maturity and late-ripening fertility. In summary, this study explored the realization path of using a large language model to rapidly construct a knowledge graph for potato new variety selection and breeding research, and analyzed 227 potatoes to provide a reference for the future discovery and utilization of potato germplasm resources.
    Research Progress on SSR Molecular Markers in Rhododendron Species
    Yao yao, ZHANG Hao, WANG Xiuyun, XIA Yiping, ZHOU Hong
    Available online:  November 11, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240621002
    [Abstract] (12) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.05 M] (146)
    Abstract:
    Rhododendron is one of the top ten Chinese flowers, with high ornamental values, and is deeply loved by people. The genus Rhododendron includes many species, with frequent natural hybridization between species and a high degree of horticultural development in some species. However, the inconsistency in cultivar naming has somewhat hindered the exchange of varieties between countries and regions. SSR markers have advantages in germplasm identification, genetic diversity analysis, and molecular marker-assisted breeding. Here, we reviewed the progress on SSR markers in the genus Rhododendron over the past 20 years, including the development methods of SSR markers in the genus, the number of markers（about 520 pairs for 5 subgenera）, the detection of primer versatility, and their application in species conservation, authenticity identification of hybrids, and trait-marker association analysis. Finally, we discussed the prospects for future applications of SSR markers on Rhododendrons, hoping this would be helpful in the conservation and genetic breeding of Rhododendron plants.
    OsELF3-1 interacts with OsARID3 to regulate root traits in rice
    陈昊
    Available online:  November 08, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240628001
    [Abstract] (30) [HTML] (0) [PDF 925.33 K] (1319)
    Abstract:
    The root system is an important part of rice plant and plays an important role in plant fixation, water and nutrient acquisition. In this study, it was found that the root system of oself3-1 mutant became significantly shorter, the mutant was crossed with wild type to construct F2 isolated population, and genetic analysis showed that the mutant trait was regulated by recessive single gene. By mapping cloning, OsELF3-1 was located in a 50.9 kb interval of chromosome 6, in which there were four open reading frames (ORFs), sequence comparison revealed that the mutant had 7 bases missing on the second exon of ORF4 (OsELF3-1), causes the gene to frameshift and terminate prematurely, and OsELF3-1 was presumed to be the target gene. The root system of CRISPR/Cas9 mutant with OsELF3-1 was significantly shorter than that of wild type, which verified that OsELF3-1 was involved in regulating root length. In order to further clarify the regulatory network of OsELF3-1, the interacting protein OsARID3 of OsELF3-1 was screened by yeast two-hybridization, OsARID3 has an ARID functional domain, an α-crystallin/Hsp_domain, a SHSP domain, and a potassium dependent sodium/calcium ion exchange domain. Investigation of OsARID3-RNAi mutants showed that their roots were significantly shorter than those of the wild type, OsARID3 may be involved in the regulation of root length. Natural variation of OsARID3 was analyzed by 3 K sequencing data and 15 haplotypes were found, and there was obvious differentiation between indica and japonica, japonica rice mainly belonged to haplotypes I, IV and VI. In summary, this study found that OsELF3-1 and OsARID3 interact to regulate rice roots, providing theoretical basis and germplasm resources for further analysis of rice root growth and development regulation network.
    Investigation, Collection, and Bruchid Resistance Identification of Wild Adzuki Bean and Sibling Species in Liaoning Province
    胡 亮亮, HUANG Yuning, XUE Renfeng, CHEN Tianxiao, CAO Rong, WANG Suhua, GE Dewei, WANG Lixia, CHENG Xuzhen, CHEN Honglin
    Available online:  November 08, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240615001
    [Abstract] (29) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.10 M] (1259)
    Abstract:
    Wild Adzuki bean and sibling species serve as critical genetic resources, exhibiting strong resistance to diseases and pests, as well as high stress tolerance, making them valuable for breeding programs. However, due to the rapid urbanization and the impact of human activities, these resources are facing severe challenges and are on the brink of extinction. Therefore, there is an urgent need for systematic investigation rescue collection, and identification of these wild resources. The Liaoning region boasts a rich diversity of wild adzuki bean species and their relatives, but their population numbers, distribution patterns, and resource characteristics remain unclear. Therefore, systematic investigation and rescue collection of wild adzuki bean and sibling species are urgently needed in Liaoning province as a case study. This study conducted surveys and collections of wild adzuki bean and sibling species across 36 districts (counties) in 14 cities in Liaoning Province, resulting in a total of 262 accessions collected. The survey results indicate that wild adzuki bean are primarily distributed in central and eastern Liaoning, particularly in the coastal areas of eastern Liaoning, while adzuki bean sibling species are mainly found in western Liaoning. In addition, indoor artificial inoculation tests were conducted to evaluate the bruchid resistance of the collected wild adzuki bean and sibling species, identifying two highly resistant and one resistant wild adzuki bean accessions. The findings of this study provide important evidence for the conservation and utilization of rare and endangered resources of wild adzuki bean and sibling species in China, while also offering valuable germplasm resources for breeding adzuki bean resistant to bean weevils.
    Research Progress of Abscisic Acid and Gibberellin Regulation of Seed Dormancy and Germination
    Yu Wen Geng, LIU Lei, WU Depeng, LIU Fuxia, GUO Jian, LI Guanghao, LU Dalei, ZHAO Xiangxiang
    Available online:  November 08, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240816002
    [Abstract] (60) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.32 M] (224)
    Abstract:
    Seed dormancy and germination are key processes in plant growth, which are precisely regulated by phytohormones and external environmental factors. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the regulation of seed dormancy and germination by Abscisic Acid (ABA) and Gibberellins (GA), particularly with regard to the interaction between them. This review presents a summary of the regulation of seed dormancy and germination by the metabolism and signal transduction of ABA and GA. Furthermore, it discusses the effects of the interaction between ABA and GA on seed dormancy and germination, as well as in response to light and temperature cues. The aim of this review is to provide a better understanding of the hormone regulatory network of seed dormancy and germination and theoretical references for future studies of seed dormancy and germination regulation by ABA and GA.
    Study on Important Agronomic Characters and Genetic Diversity of 1775 Rice Germplasm Resources
    Jinghua Jin, Lishufang, Zhaoyadong, Wangdi, Zhangyu, Jinguoguang, Lihenan, Quanhongli, Quanchengzhe, Zhanqiang
    Available online:  November 08, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (16) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.12 M] (163)
    Abstract:
    Abstract: Rice germplasm resources are important foundation for rice genetic improvement and new variety breeding. The study of genetic diversity of rice germplasm resources plays an important role in broadening the genetic background of rice. In this study, genetic diversity analysis was conducted on 20 important agronomic traits of 1775 rice germplasm resources from 11 provinces (cities) using multiple analysis methods. The results showed that: The coefficient of variation (CV) of agronomic traits varied greatly, with a ranging from 4.42% (grain thickness) to 89.75% (number of empty grains), There was abundant genetic variation in empty grain number; The range of genetic diversity index (H") was 1.585(number of empty grains) to 2.069(heading date), and the heading stage had rich diversity. Through the analysis of agronomic characters of germplasm from 11 provinces (cities), There was rich diversity in 7 characters such as panicle per plant and spikelets per panicle from Jilin. There were 4 characters such as First heading date, panicle length and so on. Them with rich diversity from Yunnan. While heading stage and other 2 characters were rich from Heilongjiang. The 1775 germplasms included lines, landrace and advanced cultivar. The 11 characters were bundant such as leaf length and plant height in landrace, and the 9 characters were abundant such as First heading date and panicle per plant of advanced cultivar. Genetic diversity analysis of different geographical sources and germplasm types can provide useful information for the selection of parental material and thus help in planning breeding strategies. The correlation analysis showed that 149 correlation coefficients reached the very significant level (P < 0.01), among which 3 growth stage traits, such as head stage, had higher correlation with other agronomic traits. Principal component analysis found that the cumulative contribution rate of the first 6 principal components reached 79.309%, and the contribution rate was the largest in the traits related to growth period. The 1775 rice germplasm can be divided into three groups at the Euclidean genetic distance of 0.6, among which the germplasm was group I from three provinces in Northeast China, Beijing and Hangzhou.10 traits were rich, including the growth stage traits, the number of tillers related to yield and the panicle per plant. It can provide excellent germplasm for rice germplasm resource innovation and new variety breeding in the future. Group II only included Ningxia, indicating that germplasm resources in Ningxia were far from germplasm resources in other provinces (cities). Therefore, the utilization rate of those germplasms should be increased to broaden the genetic basis of rice germplasm resources. Group III includes Hebei, Shandong, Yunnan, Jiangsu and Xinjiang, The H " of grain length is the largest among the three groups, indicating that the grain length is rich in the germplasms, which can provide rich germplasm for rice quality breeding in the future.
    Identification of BZR Genes and its Association with Grain Traits in Sorghum
    ZHAO Juanying, LI Jinbiao, LI Haoxiang, WANG Huiyan, ZHANG Xiaojuan, FAN Xinqi, LIANG Du, GUO Qi, LIU Qingshan, ZHANG Yizhong
    Available online:  October 28, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (16) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.24 M] (177)
    Abstract:
    Brassinosteroids (BR) are class of important hormones in plants, which play a role in regulating plant growth and development and resisting various environmental stresses. BZR transcription factors are key regulatory factors in the BR signaling pathway and transmit BRs signals by regulating the expression of target genes. To further study the biological characteristics and functions of BZR genes in sorghum, this study identified 10 BZR genes from the sorghum genome, which were divided into four groups. The tissue-specific expression analysis showed that SbBZR3, SbBZR4, and SbBZR10 are highly expressed in multiple tissues as well as have high expression levels during the grain development process. Meanwhile, based on the resequencing results and grain phenotype data of 340 sorghum germplasm resources, the superior alleles of SbBZRs were identified. The results showed that the superior alleles SbBZR3-SNP458 (T) was significantly associated with grain length, and SbBZR10-SNP660 (A) was significantly associated with grain length, grain width and 1000-grain weight. Both SbBZR3-SNP458 (T) and SbBZR10-SNP660 (A) were artificially selected during the evolutionary process. This study not only lays a foundation for revealing the action mechanism of BZR genes in sorghum, but also provides a reference for using excellent alleles to improve grain size and promote the creation of new sorghum seeds with high yield.
    Effects of drought stress and rewatering treatments on physiological indicators and DNA methylation levels in B.rapa
    杨刚1, 王旺田, 蒲媛媛, 孙万仓, 方彦, 范婷婷
    Available online:  October 24, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (11) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.49 M] (189)
    Abstract:
    To analyze the effects of drought treatments on physiological indexes and DNA methylation levels of winter Brassica Rapa, this study subjected cabbage-type oilseed rape to three treatments, namely, normal water supply, drought stress, and rehydration after drought, and analyzed the changes in the physiological indexes of oilseed rape and the DNA methylation levels of oilseed rape after the different treatments. The results showed that when cabbage-type oilseed rape was subjected to drought stress, malondialdehyde content, antioxidant enzyme activity and osmoregulatory substances increased by 167.27%、254.85%、103.24%、164.64%、49.2% and 37.79%, respectively, and osmoregulatory substances increased by 3.21μg·g-1FW, 0.048 μ g·mg-1FW, and the relative water content of leaves decreased significantly by 53.64%. The physiological indexes were significantly recovered after rewatering; the methylation level of oilseed rape showed an increasing trend after drought, and the methylation rate after rewatering was higher than that of drought and control, with the methylation rate reaching 20.56%.The GO enrichment results showed that the differentially methylated genes were enriched in the biological process, binding and molecular function.KEGG functional enrichment analysis showed that the differentially methylated genes were mainly involved in the ubiquitin mediated protein hydrolysis, cytotoxicity , ABC transporter proteins, carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, and other metabolism-related pathways. There was a correlation between methylation rate and physiological indicators, and combined with the GO and KEGG enrichment results, seven differentially methylated genes encoded peroxidases.
    Exploration and Analysis of Key Genes Involved in Fatty Acid Metabolism in Camellia oleifera Seeds Kernel
    CHENG Xinqi, WU Shiying, LI Xinyue, LIU Wenchao, LIU Hongtao, HU Xiaoming, ZHU Huaguo
    Available online:  October 18, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (6) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.40 M] (236)
    Abstract:
    To explore the key genes involved in oil content and fatty acid metabolism in Camellia oleifera, transcriptome analysis was performed on the kernel of camellia oleifera at three key developmental stages, and correlation analysis was conducted on the expression levels, oil content, and proportion of each fatty acid component of the enriched fatty acid metabolism key genes. Transcriptome analysis showed that 17772 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained, of which 11006 genes were up-regulated, 6766 genes were down-regulated. GO (Gene Ontology) analysis showed that a total of 1302 DEGs were enriched with 195 GO terms in the three comparative groups, the unique DEGs were enriched with 14, 1, and 17 GO terms in each comparative group, respectively. KEGG analysis showed that the three comparative groups had DEGs enriched in Flavonoid biosynthesis, Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, Diarylheptanoid and gingerol biosynthesis, and Glutathione metabolism at five pathways. In addition, in the Em0707vsEm1003 comparison group during the critical period of fatty acid synthesis, DEGs were enriched in four pathways of fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism, biotin metabolism and pyruvate metabolism, among which 12 DEGs genes involved in the fatty acid metabolism pathway; further determination of oil content and fatty acid composition in different stages of seed kernels, and correlation analysis showed that the expression levels of ACC, KASIII, PATE, KAT2 and SAD genes were significantly positively correlated with seed oil content and C18:1n-9c, while KASIII, ACC, PATE, and KAT2 genes were significantly negatively correlated with C16:0. They may be key genes regulating oil content and fatty acid metabolism in Camellia oleifera, the above research provides a scientific basis for genetic improvement of Camellia oleifera.
    Genome-Wide Association Study of Seven Mineral Element Contents in the Aerial Parts of Brassica napus Seedlings
    Lu Jingchunzi, Cheng Jingdong, Yu Y, Xue Tianyuan, Cheng Miao, Dai Xigang, Zeng Changli, 万何平
    Available online:  October 16, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (12) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.25 M] (248)
    Abstract:
    The content of mineral elements is a crucial indicator for evaluating forage quality and breeding. In recent years, rapeseed has become a valuable high-yield forage source, playing a key role in alleviating the shortage of feed resources in China. This study aimed to reveal the accumulation patterns of major mineral nutrients in the core germplasm of Brassica napus and to support the breeding of mineral-rich rapeseed. We evaluated the phenotypic variation in the contents of K, Ca, Na, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Cu in 280 core germplasms of B. napus using ICP-OES after hydroponic treatment. Through GWAS, we identified molecular markers significantly associated with the content of these minerals and predicted related candidate genes. The results showed significant variation in mineral content among different germplasms, and principal component analysis transformed the seven mineral indicators into three new indicators, with a cumulative contribution rate of 68.479%. Significant positive and negative correlations were found between different minerals; some germplasms exhibited extreme values for multiple minerals. A total of 134 SNPs related to mineral content were identified, and 14 candidate genes were predicted. This study provides important insights for the breeding and creation of new germplasm rich in mineral nutrients.
    Study on Early Immune Response of Common Bean Infected by CBB Pathogen
    WANG Mengfei, CHANG Yujie, WANG Lanfen, WANG Shumin, WU Jing
    Available online:  January 22, 2025 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241021002
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    Abstract:
    Common bacterial blight (CBB) of common bean is one of the most serious diseases affecting the production of common bean, it can occur throughout the whole growth period of common bean. When the disease is severe, it can lead to 80% yield loss. The most effective way to control the disease is to plant resistant varieties. In order to excavate disease-resistant germplasm, 280 resources of common bean were identified for resistance to the disease, and 1 resistant material, 90 moderately resistant materials, and 189 disease-susceptible materials were identified. From the materials, we selected resistant resources of Zihuayundou and susceptible resources Talanghuacaidou for the study of immune response in the early stage of pathogen infection. The results showed that the H2O2 content of resistant materials was always higher than that of susceptible materials after inoculation, and the difference between resistant and susceptible materials could reach a very significant level from 12 h to 96 h. The results of DAB staining also showed that H2O2 accumulation existed in resistant materials at the site of pathogen inoculation. Trypan Blue staining and callose content determination were carried out on samples of resistant and susceptible materials after inoculation. It was found that the callose content in resistant materials was significantly up-regulated 6 h after inoculation. Trypan blue staining results indicated that resistant materials could limit the spread of pathogens by controlling cell death at the inoculation site. These results showed that the resistant varieties triggered the immune response at the early stage of the pathogen infestation, and thus increased the resistance of the plants to the disease.
    Research Progress in the Biosynthetic of Steroidal Glycoalkaloids in Solanum Plants
    chenglixiang, yuanjianlong, liwenli, lvtai, yangchen
    Available online:  January 22, 2025 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241025003
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    Abstract:
    Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) are cholesterol derivatives that effectively protect plants from pathogens and pests. They are mainly found in Solanum Plants and are synthesized in actively growing and young tissues. Their biosynthesis occurs in three stages: cholesterol biosynthesis, conversion of cholesterol to steroidal alkaloids, and glycosylation of these alkaloids. The biosynthesis of SGAs in Solanum Plants is influenced by genetics, transcription factors, and light signaling. Currently, research on the distribution, types, synthesis, and genetics of SGAs is a major focus of scholars worldwide. This review integrates recent research advancements, summarizing the key genes controlling SGAs biosynthesis in Solanum Plants (HMGR, SQS, SSR2, SGT2, GAME1, GAME2, GAME17GAME4, GAME18GAME6, GAME4GAME7, GAME6GAME8, GAME7GAME11, GAME8GAME12, GAME15, GAME11GAME17, and GAME12GAME18), the main differential genes between wild and cultivated species (GAME5、GAME25, S5αR2, GAME31 and GAME32), the regulation of SGAs biosynthesis by hormone-related transcription factors (GAME9, COI1 and TCP14), and the impact of light-responsive transcription factors (HY5, PIF3 and MYB113) and photosynthetic pigment enzymes (PDS, CHLI and CHLH) on SGAs biosynthesis. It also discusses future directions for SGA research in Solanum Plants.
    QTL Mapping and Screening of Candidate Gene for Nutritional Quality Traits in Sorghum Sudangrass Hybrid
    王 慧 婷, xuwenfeng, tianzhenpin, zhangxia, fanrong, huangxinyue, yuzhuo, yuxiaoxia
    Available online:  January 22, 2025 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241029002
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    Abstract:
    Quality trait is an important index to measure the forage quality, which plays an important role in the directional improvement and variety breeding of forage. High-quality forage grass can effectively improve the feeding efficiency of livestock and promote the sustainable development of animal husbandry. In this study, using 150 F2 individuals of Sorghum sudangrass hybrrid and their parents as materials. the QTL analysis was performed on five nutritional quality traits WSC, NDF, ADF, P and K by interval mapping methods in four different environments based on the previous constructed high density genetic linkage map of Sorghum sudangrass hybrid. and the candidate genes related to these traits were also screened within the confidence interval. The results showed that a total of 198 QTLs were detected with the threshold of LOD ≥3, of which 16 QTLs were repeatedly detected in different environments, The 16 stable QTLs mainly distributed on LG3, 4, 6, 7 and 8, with a single contribution rate from 10% to 13.7%, of which seven were major QTLs ( PVE > 10% ), including one QTL related to WSC content, three related to ADF content and three for K content. In addition, 13 candidate genes related to quality traits of Sorghum sudangrass hybrid were screened by gene prediction and functional annotation. It will provided theoretical basis and new ideas for further molecular breeding and functional gene research of Sorghum sudangrass hybrid.
    Standard Technical Regulations for Evaluating Direct-seeding Resistance of Rice Germplasm in the Field at Seedling Stage
    chenli, majing, hanbing, mahongwen, maxiaoding, liuwei, hanglongzhi, sunjianchang
    Available online:  January 22, 2025 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241106001
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    Abstract:
    Rice of direct-seeding is characterized by labor-saving, labor-saving and low-cost production, and the planting area is expanding year by year.Water shortage is one of the most important problems in rice production.Accurate identification of direct seeding tolerance of rice germplasm resources is of great significance to direct seeding tolerance breeding in China. Direct-seeding resistance in the field is a complex quantitative trait. Accurate phenotypic identification is critical to discover the genes and explore genetic basis for quantitative trait. However, the accurate identification of direct-seeding resistance for rice germplasm in the field has consistently been a bottleneck for researcher and a core technical for direct-seeding resistance breeders. On the basis of systematic direct-seeding resistance research in the previous work, we also have spent many years exploring and optimizing the conditions for assessing direct-seeding resistance in the field. The standard technical regulations for evaluating direct-seeding resistance in the field were summarized and normalized. It included general requirements, land preparation before sowing, seed preparation, sowing, fertilization,water management, prevention of diseases, pests and weeds, and evaluation of direct-seeding resistance in the field at seedling stage. The regulations provided technical reference for identification of direct-seeding resistance in the field at seedling stage in rice or other crops. It was suitable for the resistance evaluation of rice to direct-seeding during the spring in northwest region (from mid-March tolate June).
    Research Progress and Utilization Potential of Wild Sugarcane Species Erianthus fulvus Ness
    QIAN Zhenfeng, ZHAO Changzu, WAN Huilan, HE Lilian, WANG Xianhong, LI Fusheng
    Available online:  January 22, 2025 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241009001
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    Abstract:
    The modern sugarcane cultivars are mainly the hybrid offspring of a few clones of 2-5 sugarcane species in the genus sugarcane. Owing to the narrow genetic background and close blood relationship, it is difficult for breeders to obtain sugarcane varieties with high yield, high sugar and high stress resistance in the past 30 years. Making full use of the wild relatives of sugarcane is very important for broadening the genetic background and accelerating the nobilization of sugarcane. Erianthus fulvus Ness, a near-source wild species of sugarcane, is not only an important wild germplasm for sugarcane breeding, but also an important resource for genome evolution and functional gene analysis of sugarcane complex. Since the 1980s, great progress has been made in the collection and research of Erianthus fulvus germplasm resources and the cultivation of new sugarcane varieties with drought resistance and cold tolerance by intergeneric hybridization between sugarcane and Erianthus fulvus. In addition, the physiological and molecular response mechanisms of many excellent traits, including high sugar, cold tolerance and drought resistance, have been gradually analyzed in Erianthus fulvus. In order to better explore the molecular basis of the excellent traits of Erianthus fulvus and its application value in sugarcane breeding, This review systematically summarizes the research progress and utilization status of Erianthus fulvus, analyzes the genetic diversity, genome evolution characteristics and sucrose biosynthesis and transport pathways of Erianthus fulvus, and further proposes the application potential of Erianthus fulvus as a model plant and biofuel plant. Additionally, we analyze the molecular response characteristics of Erianthus fulvus to low temperature and drought stress, discuss the problems existing in the research and utilization of Erianthus fulvus, and prospect the future development direction.
    Genetic diversity analysis of Cotoneaster germplasm resources in western Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang based on ISSR molecular markers
    阿克居力得孜·努尔改里得, 李茹雪, 杨禧雨, 陆彪, 周龙
    Available online:  January 22, 2025 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240909002
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    Abstract:
    In order to explore the genetic diversity and genetic relationship among the populations of Cotoneaster in the Western Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang, the genetic diversity of 112 Cotoneaster plants from 15 wild populations in the Western Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang was analyzed by ISSR molecular markers. A total of 166 bands were amplified by 15 ISSR primers, of which 143 were polymorphic bands, with an average polymorphic band ratio of 86.29 %. The Nei ''s gene diversity index(H) and Shannon’s information index(I) of 112 Cotoneaster species from 15 wild populations in Western Tianshan Mountains were 0.2124 and 0.3254, respectively. The genetic differentiation coefficient(Fst) among populations was 0.4259, and the gene flow(Nm) was 0.6740. It is believed that the degree of genetic differentiation at the level of wild populations of Cotoneaster is great and there is a certain degree of gene exchange among populations. The genetic differences of Cotoneaster in the western Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang are obvious at the overall level, and the genetic diversity is high. At the population level, the genetic diversity of Beishan Maoliugou population in Tekes County was the most abundant. The clustering results showed that most of the populations could be clustered according to the geographical location, but some of the geographically close populations were not clustered together. The results of this study can provide an important reference for the effective protection and development and utilization of Cotoneaster germplasm resources in the Western Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang.
    Genome-wide identification and characterization of soybean GmBRI1 gene family and response to rhizobia infection
    Jiahui Yang, HUANG Lexiang, LIU Zhixian, SU Bohong, ZHAO Miaoyu, XING Chengshun, LIU Baohui, ZHAO Xiaohui
    Available online:  January 22, 2025 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241229002
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    Abstract:
    Brassinosteroids ( BRs ) play an important role in plant growth and development, and Brassinosteroid insensive 1 ( BRI1 ) plays a major role in BR signaling pathway. Soybean ( Glycine max ( L. ) Merr. ) is an important food and economic crop in the world. Unlike other crops, soybean can form a symbiotic relationship with rhizobia for biological nitrogen fixation. However, the function of GmBRI1 in regulating soybean growth and symbiotic nitrogen fixation is still unclear. Therefore, identification and analysis of the characteristics and functions of GmBRI1 gene family members are crucial for revealing the unique role of BR signaling in soybean growth and development. In this study, six GmBRI1 family genes were identified by bioinformatics methods in soybean genome, which were non-uniformly distributed on four chromosomes of soybean. The number of amino acids was between 1136-1211 aa, and the proportion of leucine was the highest, all of which were acidic and stable proteins. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the GmBRI1 gene family could be divided into three subfamilies. The gene structure and conserved motif distribution of the same subfamily are highly similar. Synteny analysis showed that fragment replication was the main reason for the expansion of GmBRI1 gene family. The promoter of the GmBRI1 family gene contains abundant cis-acting elements that regulate soybean light response, hormone response, stress response, and growth and development. The number of potential phosphorylation sites of GmBRI1 family genes was between 111-132. The protein interaction network predicted that there were 19 proteins interacting with GmBRI1 and 4 proteins directly binding, which participate in the regulation of various biological processes in the BR signal transduction pathway by interacting with various proteins. The GmBRI1 family genes are expressed in both roots and nodules, and GmBRI1a, GmBRI1b, GmBRL1a and GmBRL1b genes are down-regulated after rhizobia infection. This study provides a new theoretical basis for the functional study of soybean GmBRI1 family genes, and proves that they respond in the early stage of rhizobium infection, which provides basic information for further understanding the function and molecular mechanism of GmBRI1 gene family in soybean symbiotic nodulation.
    Variation Analysis of Phenotype and Quality of Mung Bean Germplasm under Different Ecological Conditions in Shanxi Province
    朱慧珺, 张耀文
    Available online:  January 22, 2025 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241101001
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    Abstract:
    Mung bean (Vigna radiata) is a characteristic crop in Shanxi Province. Exploring the impact of ecological conditions in different planting areas on the phenotype and quality of green bean germplasm resources is of great significance for optimizing planting strategies, improving green bean yield and nutritional quality. The comprehensive analysis of agronomic traits and nutritional quality of 10 mung bean germplasm from Yuci, Huairen, and Linfen in this study showed that the average number of pods per plant in Huairen area (30.87) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in Yuci (24.07) and Linfen (20.70), while the plant height in Linfen area (66.14 cm) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in Yuci (47.46 cm) and Huairen (42.36 cm). In terms of quality, the average protein content in Linfen area is the highest (26.80%), significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in Huairen (23.82%) and Yuci (23.19%). The starch (47.35%), fat (2.49%), total polyphenols (3.30 mg GAE/g), total flavonoid content (2.34 mg RE/g), DPPH (55.55 μmol/L·Trolox/g), and ABTS free radical scavenging ability (28.75 μmol/L·Trolox/g) in Yuci area were significantly better than those in Huairen area (p<0.05) and Linfen area (p<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis found that the height, fat, total flavonoids, total polyphenols, vitexin, and isovitexin content of mung beans are closely related to the climatic conditions of the production area. The relatively low temperature in Huairen area can promote the accumulation of total flavonoids in mung beans; The higher relative humidity in Yuci area may inhibit fat synthesis; The research results can provide guidance for the quality breeding of mung beans, as well as important theoretical support for the cultivation and production of high-quality mung beans.
    Photosynthesis, yield and quality of different gradation virus-free seedlings of sweet potato varieties
    袁蕊
    Available online:  January 22, 2025 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241031002
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    Abstract:
    The production technology of sweet potato virus-free seedlings by directly breeding field seedlings from virus-free tissue culture seedlings or minituber seedlings has become a new promotion and application technology. In order to investigate the differences between tissue culture seedlings and minituber seedlings of different sweetpotato varieties.on field growth, yield and quality. 12 sweetpotato varieties of tissue culture seedling and minituber seedlings were used as experimental materials. The results show that: (1) Photosynthetic characteristics, Mingmenjinshi, Shenglibaihao, Ningzishu 4 and Pushu 32 tissue culture seedlings of photosynthetic activity and pigment content were higher than minituber seedling, while Shangshu 19 tissue culture seedlings were lower than minituber seedlings. (2) Fresh potato yield, Mingmenjinshi, Shenglibaihao and Ningzishu 4 tissue culture seedlings was respectively higher than minituber seedlings by 30.95%, 21.90% and 14.67%, but Shangshu 19 tissue culture seedlings was lower than minituber seedlings by 10.42%. (3) Fresh potato quality, Ningzishu 4, Hongyao, Mashali and Pushu 32 tissue culture seedlings of fresh potato (crude starch, soluble sugar, crude protein) were lower than minituber seedlings. Jinhaimeixiu tissue culture seedlings of crude starch was higher than minituber seedlins, but tissue culture seedlings of reducing sugar and soluble sugar were lower than minituber seedlings. Mingmenjinshi tissue culture seedlings of dry matter rate were higher than minituber seedlings. (4) The correlation analysis results of photosynthesis, yield and quality of virus-free seedlings of sweetpotato varieties showed that，only the water utilization rate and dry matter rate were negatively correlated of tissue culture seedlings, while the net photosynthetic rate, water utilization rate, carboxylation efficiency had significant effects on the fresh potato quality of minituber seedlings. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the efficient utilization of tissue culture seedlings and minituber seedlings of different sweet potato varieties.
    Sepal Phenotypic Evaluation of 200 Pear Germplasm Resources
    XIE Ya-rong, ZHANG Xiang-zhan, WANG Ya-nan, YANG Jian, WANG Long, WANG Su-ke, SU Yan-li, HAO Feng-ge, XUE Hua-bai
    Available online:  January 22, 2025 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241025002
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    Abstract:
    In order to understand the diversity of sepal traits in different pear germplasm resources and analyze the effect of sepals on fruit appearance, the diversity analysis, correlation analysis and cluster analysis of sepal-related traits of 200 pear germplasm resources were carried out in this study. The results showed that the number of pear germplasm resources with extremely high and low calyx abscission rates was significantly higher than that in other groups, and the number of germplasm resources with different calyx abscission rates showed a U-shaped distribution. For the germplasm resources of sepal abscission, the sepal development process was divided into three stages: before the formation of abscission zone (2-4 days after flowering), during the formation period of abscission zone (5-7 days after flowering), and after the formation of abscission zone (8-10 days after flowering). Among the germplasm resources of persistent calyx and residue calyx, the calyx was mainly exhibited “aggregation” and “upright” posture. In Oriental Pear, calyx-shed fruit generally has no calyx convex, and the calyx convex on the persistent calyx fruit mostly affects the fruit shape. Phenotypic measurement, data analysis and comprehensive evaluation of sepals showed that the thickness and area of sepals varied greatly among different germplasm resources, but had no direct effect on fruit shape. In European Pear, sepals are generally thin and small, and have little effect on fruit shape. The analysis results of sepal persistence on the abnormal fruit showed that 33 varieties of persistent calyx had different degrees of abnormal fruit. The abnormal fruit of persistent calyx fruit mainly included two types: oblique fruit and protruding calyx fruit, while the abnormal fruit in residual calyx fruit was oblique fruit, indicating that the existence of sepal would affect the fruit shape to a certain extent, but it was not the only factor. Correlation analysis showed that the calyx abscission rates were significantly negatively correlated with the calyx convexity, the higher the calyx abscission rates, the less obvious of the calyx convexity. The 200 pear germplasm resources were mainly divided into four categories by cluster analysis, with calyx shedding rate as the main feature (80.7 % - 100.0 %, 16.6 % - 40.2 %, 45.5 % - 78.5 %, 0.00 % - 11.9 %). The results provide an important reference for the utilization of pear germplasm resources and variety breeding.
    Grading of Quantitative traits and Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Dendrobium Based on DUS Testing
    zhong hai feng
    Available online:  January 22, 2025 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240925002
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    Abstract:
    In order to provide reference for more objective and scientific description of quantitative traits, 85 Dendrobium varieties were used as research objects. According to the distribution characteristics of 20 quantitative traits in the Dendrobium testing guidelines, the least significant difference method and the range method were used to determine the grading range. In addition, the level of genetic diversity was evaluated through the methods of coefficient of variation, genetic diversity index and the analysis of correlation, principal component and clustering. The results of K-S normality test showed that 15 quantitative traits which included plant size, pseudobulb length, pseudobulb diameter, blade length, blade width, pedicel length, pedicel diameter, flower longitudinal diameter, flower transverse diameter, middle sepal length, lateral sepal length, lateral sepal width, petal length, petal width, lip petal length conformed to normal distribution and were graded by the least significant difference method, while the other quantitative traits which included number of flowers, peduncle length, peduncle diameter, middle sepal width, lip petal width were graded by the range method, and the grading range of the 20 quantitative traits were determined as the basis for describing and grading the quantitative traits of Dendrobium DUS (Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability) testing in the future. The performance of each quantitative trait was stable within the varieties, and the variation among the varieties was rich, with the coefficients of variation of quantitative traits within and among varieties ranging from 5.44% ~ 17.33% and 24.99% ~ 124.03%, respectively. Additionally, the genetic diversity indexes of 20 quantitative traits were between 1.16 ~ 2.02. Therefore, 85 Dendrobium varieties were suitable for quantitative traits grading studies. The correlation analysis results indicated that the correlation coefficients were generally highly significant or significantly correlated and the absolute values of the correlation coefficients were large among the quantitative traits. Especially, the correlation coefficients between flower longitudinal diameter and flower transverse diameter, lateral sepal length, petal length, middle sepal length and lateral sepal length, petal length, lateral sepal length and petal length are all above 0.95, which showed a high degree of correlation. In this situation, such traits with high degree of correlation could consider to reduce in the varieties DUS testing process to improve the testing efficiency. Principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first two principal components was 84.78%, including 73.54% for the first principal component, representing the flower size, and 11.24% for the second principal component, representing the number of flower and plant height. The clustering analysis results showed that the 85 Dendrobium varieties could be divided into two groups at the Euclidean distance of 25, which mainly reflected the differences in plant size, flower longitudinal diameters and flower transverse diameters. Moreover, the second group could be divided into two subgroups at the Euclidean distance of 18, which mainly showed the differences in the number of flower and peduncle length. Combining the results of principal components analysis and cluster analysis, the number of flower has a strong distinguishing ability among varieties and can be added as a grouping trait for DUS testing of Dendrobium.
    Genetic diversity analysis of 366 long staple upland cotton germplasm resources
    DONG Zhan-peng, WANG Sai-yue, Li Kexin, GUANYong-hu, LI Chang-xi, MEI Yong-jun
    Available online:  January 22, 2025 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240914001
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    Abstract:
    The 2-year data of 5 quality traits and 5 yield traits of 366 long-staple upland cotton germplasm resources were genetically analysed using genotype and gene-environment interaction genetic models, and genetic diversity analysis of phenotypes and correlation analysis, cluster analysis, principal component analysis and multiple linear regression analysis of genotypic values were performed to clarify the value of the use of various types of germplasm resources. The results showed that the coefficients of variation of 366 long-staple upland cotton varied from 1.34% to 11.80% for quality traits and 7.95% to 54.09% for yield traits in two years; the diversity indices of two-year quality traits ranged from 1.67 to 2.03, with an average of 1.879, and those of two-year yield traits ranged from 1.42 to 1.99, with an average of 1.782, and the average of 1.782, and the average of 1.879. The average genetic diversity was 1.782, indicating that the 366 germplasm resources were more different from each other and rich in germplasm types. Cluster analysis divided the 366 medium and long-staple upland cotton germplasm resources into five classes, Class 1 included 63 germplasm, which belonged to the class of materials with high boll weight, high lint index and good uniformity; Class 2 included 41 germplasm, which belonged to the high-yielding materials with high lint percentage, high number of bolls per plant and high lint yield per plant; Class 3 included 71 germplasm, which belonged to the class of materials with short lint length and low boll weight; Class 4 included 84 germplasm, which belonged to the class of materials with long lint length and low boll weight; Class 4 included 84 germplasm, which belonged to the class of materials with long lint length, high Markelin number, and high lint yield per plant. longer lint length, lower micronaire value and higher specific strength; Category 5 includes 107 germplasm, which belongs to high-quality materials with the longest lint length, the lowest Micronaire value and the highest specific strength. By calculating the composite score (F-value) for each category of germplasm resources, nine varieties were screened to be greater than the control Jingang (0.87), four varieties were between the control Jingang and the control Chinese Cotton -3 (0.80), and five materials were between the control Chinese Cotton -3 and the control Xinluzhong 87 (0.74). Multiple linear regression analyses of the main traits yielded two linear regression models for lint length and lint yield per plant. The 366 long-staple upland cotton germplasm resources are rich in genetic diversity; the 21 high-quality germplasm resources screened can be used as high-quality parents to improve the fibre quality of local upland cotton and provide reference for upland cotton germplasm innovation and genetic breeding.
    Study on Phenotype and Biochemical Components Diversity of Representative Ancient Tea Germplasm Resources in Baoshan
    Liu Ben Ying, Liu Ben Ying, chenxiaoming, chengyarong, 段学良, yangxu, sunchao, liyouyong, liubenyig, wanghongbin
    Available online:  January 22, 2025 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240902003
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    Abstract:
    Baoshan Municipality is located in the center of the origin of tea trees in the world, where the ancient tea tree resources are extremely rich, the city is also the core production area of Pu''er tea and Yunnan black tea, The study on the phenotype and biochemical component diversity of ancient tea tree resources in this area is of great significance for the full exploitation and utilization of excellent tea tree germplasm resources, the integration and protection of ancient tea tree resources, the construction of tea tree core germplasm and the breeding of new varieties of excellent tea trees. Through coefficient of variation, genetic diversity index (H''), difference analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis, the diversity level of quantitative and quality traits of 73 representative ancient tea tree resources in Baoshan City was analyzed. The results showed that the diversity index (H'') of 23 quality traits is 4.135 ~ 4.277, the average diversity index is 4.234, the diversity index of 27 quantitative traits is 3.545 ~ 4.287, the average diversity index is 4.187, and 27 quantitative traits had the coefficient of variation of 7.88 % ~ 153.13 %, most of the traits showed extremely rich genetic variation; Correlation analysis of 27 quantitative traits showed that most of the traits showed significant or extremely significant correlation, and the traits were not independent of each other, but correlated with each other; Principal components analysis showed that the cumulative contribution of six principal components is 68.42 %, Among them, biochemical components, leaf and flower traits were the main factors of tea plant variation. The significance analysis of 21 quantitative differences of tea trees in different regions of Baoshan showed that 8 characteristics of tea leaf length, leaf area, number of vein pairs, amino acid, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin gallate, non-ester catechin and total catechin had the most significant differences, the ratio of leaf length and to width and Water extract had the least difference，These differences may be related to the elevation, landform, soil and climate of Baoshan. Cluster analysis revealed that 73 ancient tea tree resources were divided into 5 clusters based on 27 quantitative traits. The screening results of rare tea germplasm resources showed that: Among 73 accession representative ancient tea germplasm resources, there were 36 accession rare tea germplasms resources, Among them, 6 accessions were selected for high tea polyphenol germplasm resources (>35 %), 29 accessions were selected for high amino acid germplasm resources (>5 %) and 1accession was selected for low caffeine germplasm resource (?1.5). This study provided a scientific reference for the full exploitation and utilization of rare tea germplasm resources, the integration and protection of ancient tea germplasm resources, the construction of tea core germplasm and the breeding of new varieties of rare tea trees in Baoshan.
    Investigation and Collection of Wild Strawberry Germplasm in the Main Distribution Areas in China
    孙瑞, 常琳琳, 李双桃, 董静, 钟传飞, 隗永青, 张宏力, 张运涛, 王桂霞, 孙健
    Available online:  January 22, 2025 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241101004
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    Abstract:
    China is one of the main distribution areas of the genus Fragaria with typical and unique wild germplasm resources. The utilization of these genetic resources will play an important role in germplasm innovation and industry development in strawberry. To figure out the taxonomy and distribution patten of the wild strawberry species in China, we conducted the investigation and collection research over a period of 8 years, from 2016 to 2023. A total of 172 wild strawberry accessions were collected from 26 counties of 10 provinces including Yunnan, Hubei and Heilongjiang etc. According to their biological characteristics, the 172 accessions were classified into 8 species: F. pentaphylla (60 accessions), F. nilgerrensis (42 accessions), F. moupinensis (29 accessions), F. vesca (8 accessions), F. orientalis (5 accessions), F. mandschurica (15 accessions), F. chinensis (10 accessions), and F. corymbosa (3 accessions). The overall distribution could be divided into four major regions, the western China mainly distributed four wild species including F. pentaphylla, F. nilgerrensis, F. moupinensis and F. chinensis; the central China mainly distributed F. nilgerrensis and F. chinensis; the northern China distributed F. corymbosa; and the northeastern China mainly distributed three species such as F. vesca, F. orientalis and F. mandschurica. Also some specific wild resources were identified in our investigation, like F. pentaphylla with pink fruits; F. nilgerrensis with aromatic fruits; and F. orientalis with good flavor fruits; etc. These findings given us a more impressive understanding of the wild strawberry germplasm resources, and provided valuable references for the conservation, utilization and scientific research of the resources.
    Construction of a backbone germplasm bank based on phenotypic traits of surimi germplasm resources
    刘敏轩, 杨天育
    Available online:  January 20, 2025 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241108001
    [Abstract] (0) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.35 M] (8)
    Abstract:
    Abstract：In order to fully explore and utilize the germplasm resources of proso millets, this study took 490 proso millets germplasm resources as materials, grouped them based on variety type and spike shape, and relied on the square root proportion method to determine the number of samples, and within the group according to 20 qualitative and quantitative traits for cluster analysis and random sampling method within the group for constructing the core germplasm. The representativeness of the backbone germplasm of proso millets was evaluated using the indexes of mean, variance, coefficient of variation, genetic diversity and proportion of traits retained, and confirmed by principal component analysis, histogram and correlation. The results showed that 55 proso millets core germplasms were constructed, accounting for 11.2% of all germplasm, including 26 local varieties (47.26%), 9 bred varieties (16.36%), 9 wild varieties (16.36%), and 11 points foreign varieties (20.00%). The results of significance analysis showed that the differences between the core germplasm of proso millets and all the germplasm in terms of mean, variance, coefficient of variation and genetic diversity of phenotypic traits were not significant (p > 0.05), and the constructed core germplasm basically retained the distribution range of all the germplasm. The results of correlation analysis showed that the significant differences in phenotypic traits between the core germplasm and all the germplasm of proso millets were also generally consistent.
    Response and comprehensive evaluation of 36 Gossypium barbadense L. extreme flower organs resources and Lint percentage resources to high temperature stress
    李江博, 严青青, 蔡永生, 陈琴, 周强, 高曼, 陈全家, 郑凯
    Available online:  January 20, 2025 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241109001
    [Abstract] (0) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.38 M] (7)
    Abstract:
    In order to explore the response of flower organ traits and Lint percentage to high temperature, and to evaluation the breeding materials of Gossypium barbadense L. with high temperature tolerance, this study evaluated 5 traits (including 4 flower organ traits and Lint percentage traits) of 534 Gossypium barbadense L. resources in Awati County in 2022, and then selected 36 materials with extreme traits.Descriptive statistical analysis showed that the variation coefficient of 534 Gossypium barbadense L. resources ranged from 8.57% to 26.56%, the variation coefficient of Lint percentage was the smallest (8.57%), and the variation coefficient of stigma length was the largest (26.56%).Correlation analysis revealed that style length was positively correlated with the other 4 traits (stigma length, stamen length, anther length, Lint percentage), stigma length was negatively correlated with stamen length, stamen length was positively correlated with anther length, and anther length was positively correlated with Lint percentage.In 2023, we conducted an enhanced temperature shed heat stress test on 36 previously selected Gossypium barbadense L. resources with extreme traits in the same location (Awati County), and measured the performance of 23 phenotypic traits.The results showed that the 36 extreme resources showed different degrees of variation in agronomic traits. Descriptive statistical analysis showed that the variation coefficient of each trait increased under high temperature treatment, and 14 traits showed obvious difference compared with the control.Principal component analysis identified 6 principal components, which accounted for 85.34% of the total variance, covering yield composition, photosynthesis, fiber quality and many other aspects.The materials were classified into four categories of heat resistance, medium resistance, sensitive and high sensitivity by cluster analysis. The correlation analysis confirmed the positive correlation between the properties of effective boll number, effective fruit branch number and heat resistance.Fitting regression analysis further showed that there was no significant correlation between flower organ traits, Lint percentage and pollen activity and comprehensive evaluation value.This study provided important theoretical basis and germplasm resources for Gossypium barbadense L. breeding for high temperature tolerance.
    Comparative genomic analysis of two wild relatives of sweetpotato
    Shizhuo - Xiao, Xu Pan, Wang Yao, Dai Xibin, Zhou Zhilin, Cao Qinghe
    Available online:  January 17, 2025 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241029003
    [Abstract] (0) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.06 M] (14)
    Abstract:
    Sweetpotato is an important crop, and it boasts numerous wild relatives that possess abundant genetic variations In this study, a comparative genomic analysis was conducted using two publicly available high-quality genome of sweetpotato wild relatives. A total of 1798184 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering the whole genome were excavated. In additions, 2076 translocations and 84 inversions were detected. The inversions encompassed 2106 genes. Enrichment analysis showed that these genes are mainly enriched in pathways such as the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Among them, the breakpoints of 34 inversions are located inside the genes and may affect the structure of the genes. There are 10226 insertion-type and 11411 deletion-type structural variations (SVs) between the two genomes. We annotated these SVs and conducted gene enrichment analysis on those SVs that may affect gene function or expression. The results showed that these potentially affected genes were mainly enriched in pathways of secondary metabolites. Genes related to functions such as DNA repair and replication were enriched. Through the statistics of the synonymous substitution rate (Ks) and fourfold degenerate synonymous site (4DTv) of collinear gene pairs of two wild species and other related species, it was indicated that the common ancestor of the genus Ipomoea differentiated into different species after a whole-genome triplication event. The above research will provide strong support for the excavation of excellent variations in wild relatives of sweetpotato as well as forspecies differentiation.
    The Analysis of Basic Characteristics of Rice Varieties Approved in Fujian Province from 2000 to 2023
    JIANG Chuan, ZHU Ye-bao, CHEN Li-zhe, LI Qing-hua, ZHANG Hai-feng, WANG Jin-ying
    Available online:  January 17, 2025 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240924001
    [Abstract] (1) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.08 M] (12)
    Abstract:
    These data on main agronomic traits, blast resistance, and rice quality of certified rice varieties in Fujian Province from 2000 to 2023 were extracted from the certification announcements of the National Rice Data Center for statistical analysis. The results help to reveal the evolutionary trends of these traits and the distribution frequency of certified rice varieties in different years, and provide insights for developing new rice breeding in the future in Fujian Province. The results showed that a total of 609 rice varieties were certified in Fujian Province in the past 24 years. They were classified into 593 indica rice, 14 indica-japonica hybrids, 2 japonica rice by the subspecies, and 580 hybrid rice,29 conventional rice by breeding method. The varieties bred and planted in Fujian were mainly indica rice. In Fujian Province, three-line hybrid rice breeding is the strong point , while conventional rice breeding is relatively weak. The yields of these rice varieties mainly ranged from 450 to 650 kg per 666.7m2, and appeared a general upward trend with the increase of years. The inter-annual trends of four yield components were as follows: in 2000-2013, the overall number of effective panicles presented a downward trend, while the number of spikelets per panicle and 1000-grain weight showed a general upward trend; but in 2014-2023, the number of effective panicles, the number of spikelets per panicle, 1000-grain weight remained stable in general; the seed-setting rate fluctuated between years. Grain yield showed significantly positively correlated with panicle length, the number of spikelets per panicle, seed-setting rate, and thousand-grain weight, but had significantly negatively correlated with the number of effective panicles per 666.7m2. Among these 609 rice varieties, 228 varieties showed moderate to high resistant blast, and 310 varieties were high quality rice. The six traits of rice quality displayed a fluctuating state with years. The certified rice varieties in the last five years showed an upward trends of head milled rice rate, alkali spreading value, and gel consistency, and a downward trend of chalkiness, translucency, and amylose content,and a significant increase of the rate of achieving high-quality rice standards.
    Evaluation of Root Rot Resistance and Analysis of Genetic Diversity in Cassava Inbred Line Germplasms
    DUAN Chun-fang, LI Yue-xian, SONG Ji-ming, JIANG Tai-ling, XIAO Ming-kun, LIU Qian, SHEN Zheng-song, XIONG Xian-kun, GEN Sha, CHE Bin, ZHANG Qing, YAN Wei, LIU Guang-hua
    Available online:  January 14, 2025 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241024001
    [Abstract] (1) [HTML] (0) [PDF 759.02 K] (23)
    Abstract:
    Through in vitro identification, 137 new germplasm inbred lines of cassava cultivar‘GR891’ were evaluated for resistance to root rot. Additionally, genetic diversity analysis, including variance coefficients and genetic diversity indices, was conducted on the main agronomic traits of 93 resistant germplasm lines. The results showed that among the 137 cassava germplasm lines, 56 lines exhibited high resistance (40.88%), 37 lines showed resistance (27.01%), 33 lines were moderately resistant (24.09%), 9 lines were susceptible (6.57%), and 2 lines were highly susceptible (1.46%). The variation coefficients of the ten main traits of the 93 resistant cassava lines ranged from14.46% to 77.63%, and the genetic diversity indices ranged from 0.60 to 2.04, indicating a rich genetic variation in the inbred line progeny of ‘GR891’. Correlation analysis revealed that three pairs of traits were extremely significantly correlated, and three pairs were significantly correlated. The fresh tuber weight per plant showed a highly significant positive correlation with stem diameter and fresh tuber number per plant, with correlation coefficients of 0.490 and 0.680, respectively. Principal component analysis indicated that the cumulative contribution rate of the three principal components reached 74.52%, with plant height, stem diameter, main stem height, fresh tuber number per plant, and fresh tuber weight being the main factors influencing the phenotypic variation in cassava. These findings provide a scientific basis for the exploration of resistant germplasm against cassava root rot and for the genetic analysis of resistance.
    Variation of Fruit Traits and Plus Tree Selection in Terminalia chebula Retz.
    董章宏, 蒋华, 张炜, 杨涛铭, 赵江萍, 李归林, 张满常
    Available online:  January 14, 2025 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240807001
    [Abstract] (1) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.05 M] (20)
    Abstract:
    To comprehensively explore the germplasm resources of Terminalia chebula Retz., 240 candidate individual plants in the Nujiang River Basin were selected as the subjects of the study. Nineteen fruit traits were assessed, and variation and correlation analyses were performed. Outstanding individual plants were identified through principal component analysis, affiliation function method, and multidimensional coordinate synthesis method. The findings revealed a rich variation in the fruit traits of T. chebula, with the coefficient of variation ranging from 0.03 to 0.78 and an average value of 0.21. Gallic acid exhibited the widest variation range, followed by pulp weight, total phenols, fruit weight, and kernel weight, while fruit shape index, moisture content, edible rate, and moisture exhibited showed smaller variations. The edible rate demonstrated an extremely significant positive correlation with soluble solids and total acid, and a significant positive correlation with water extract, total phenols, and gallic acid. Moreover, there was an extremely significant positive correlation among total sugar, total acid, total phenols, and soluble solids. Five principal components were derived from the 19 traits, contributing to a cumulative variance rate of 74.444%. Ultimately, nine exceptional plants were chosen. These research outcomes offer a scientific foundation for the selection and development of improved varieties of T. chebula, holding significant practical value.
    Fruit Economical Indexes Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Carya hunanensis Germplasms Resources
    NI Jinyan, LI Bohai, ZHOU Junqin, XIE Juan, YANG Qiuhua, YUAN Jun
    Available online:  January 14, 2025 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240705001
    [Abstract] (1) [HTML] (0) [PDF 973.01 K] (22)
    Abstract:
    Comparative study of 60 Carya hunanensis germplasm resources of fruit economic traits, screening to obtain a comprehensive performance of excellent Carya hunanensis germplasm, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the selection of good varieties of Carya hunanensis and the comprehensive use of the theoretical basis for your research. Taking the fruits of Carya hunanensis superior trees screened in the core distribution area of Carya hunanensis as the research object, the genetic variation, type classification and comprehensive evaluation of economic variation traits of Carya hunanensis fruits were carried out through the methods of variance analysis, cluster analysis, principal component analysis and so on. The results showed that the economic traits of Carya hunanensis fruit were rich in variation, and the mean values of the coefficients of variation of 20 fruit economic traits ranged from 5.42% to 35.06%, among which linoleic acid, linolenic acid, thickness of green skin and dry kernel weight had greater degrees of variation.Cluster analysis showed that Hunan hickory was divided into three classes, group Ⅰ fruit maturity period for early to late September, the fruit was flat round, fruit smaller, seed kernel oil content is higher, higher polyunsaturated fatty acid content; group Ⅱ fruit maturity period for the second half of August to mid-September, the fruit was round, the fruit is larger but the seed shell and the green skin is thicker, the content of mono-unsaturated fatty acid is higher; group Ⅲ fruit maturity period for late August to mid-September, fruit was broad oval, seed shell is thinner, dry seed kernel yield rate is high. The ripening period of Class III fruits is from late August to mid-September, the fruits are broadly ovoid, the seed shells are thinner, and the kernel yield of dry seeds is high.The cumulative contribution of the first six principal components of the principal component analysis reached 87.85%, and the score of the comprehensive evaluation of fruit economic traits (F) ranged from -0.72 to 1.19, among which No. 8, No. 10, No. 6, No. 7, and No. 9 superior trees ranked at the top, with excellent comprehensive traits.
    Comprehensive Evaluation of Fruit Quality of Dried Jujube Germplasm Resources
    陈 鑫 如, 陈 鑫 如, shi mei juan, wang ya xing, ren hai yan, xue xiao fang, su wang long, liu li, zhao ai ling, wang yong kang, li deng ke, li yi
    Available online:  January 14, 2025 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240706001
    [Abstract] (1) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.11 M] (21)
    Abstract:
    To evaluate dry jujube germplasm resources fruit quality, dry jujube germplasm main evaluation index and determination criteria, screening out excellent dry jujube germplasm, this study selected 197 dry jujube germplasm as a research object, based on the hierarchical analysis of the physical quality, appearance quality, and intrinsic quality multi-level analysis and evaluation, from 22 quality traits selected key index construction comprehensive evaluation system, using the method of combining hierarchical analysis and gray correlation of dry jujube germplasm fruit quality is a thorough analysis and comprehensive evaluation, and according to the weight and weighted correlation, screening excellent dry jujube germplasm. The results show that there are some differences in physical quality, appearance quality, and internal quality traits, with a variation coefficient of 5.70% -68.40%; There are different correlations among quality traits. In the evaluation index, fruit adhesion and fruit quality are the main evaluation index by the correlation on the method of correlation. Using hierarchical-grey correlation analysis, the quality of 197 samples was evaluated and 15 samples with excellent comprehensive quality were selected.
    Cloning and functional validation of FWR1 gene in Common bean
    Wu Jing
    Available online:  January 13, 2025 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241011002
    [Abstract] (2) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.61 M] (16)
    Abstract:
    Fusarium wilt is one of the most serious soil-borne diseases that affects common bean production. In the previous study, our research group identified PvFWR1 through a genome-wide association study and inferred that it might be related to resistance to common bean wilt through haplotype analysis. In this study, we conducted further research on PvFWR1. First, we cloned the PvFWR1 gene sequence from resistant material Tuheyaozidou and the susceptible material Longyundou No.3, and found that PvFWR1 is an intronless gene with a CDS length of 1104 bp and 367 amino acids, belonging to the LRR-RLKs protein family. Then, qRT-PCR showed that the expression level of PvFWR1 in the root tissue of resistant material was 2.1 times that of the susceptible material, and the expression level in the root tissue of the infected plants was significantly higher after inoculation with the pathogen. Finally, we used VIGS technology to silence PvFWR1 in the resistant material, and the resistance of the plants was weakened after inoculation with the pathogen. At the same time, we used the common bean hairy root transformation method to overexpress PvFWR1 in the susceptible material, and the resistance of the overexpression plants was significantly increased after inoculation with the pathogen. Based on these analyses, we concluded that PvFWR1 is a resistance gene against Fusarium wilt. The research results lay a foundation for elucidating the resistance mechanism of common bean wilt and the genetic breeding and utilization of PvFWR1.
    The Regulatory Role of bHLH Transcription Factors in Plant Anthocyanin Synthesis
    刘菁菁, 王舒文, 杨旭锐, 常开心, 张会灵
    Available online:  January 13, 2025 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240923002
    [Abstract] (2) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.15 M] (15)
    Abstract:
    Anthocyanins are flavonoid polyphenolic compounds widely distributed in plants and play an important role in maintaining normal physiological activities of plants. As a natural edible pigment, anthocyanins are of great significance in maintaining human health due to their strong antioxidant properties. As the second largest transcription factor superfamily in plants after MYB transcription factors, bHLH transcription factors play an important regulatory role in the synthesis of plant anthocyanins. This article reviews the biosynthesis pathways and regulatory mechanisms of anthocyanins, summarizes the structural characteristics of bHLH transcription factors, the main ways in which they participate in anthocyanin synthesis regulation, and the effects of light and hormones on their roles in anthocyanin accumulation. The aim is to lay a foundation for further research on anthocyanin biosynthesis regulation mechanisms, flower color regulation, horticultural plant breeding, ect.
    Whole Genome Identification of WOX Gene Family and Related to Callus Induction in Commom Bean(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
    Ye zongmao
    Available online:  January 13, 2025 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241104001
    [Abstract] (1) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.41 M] (17)
    Abstract:
    The genome sequencing of Common bean has been completed, but the research on its important genetic traits and genetic transformation is being carried out gradually. In this study, the WOX gene nucleotide sequence, gene structure, conserved domain, chromosome location and cis-acting elements of common bean. were identified in the whole genome. Genomic collinearity and phylogenetic tree analysis of WOX gene family members in Common bean, Mung bean, Soybean and Arabidopsis were performed. The callus induction system of two common bean. varieties was successfully established. Differentially expressed WOX genes related to callus induction rate were identified by comparison of transcriptome and qRT-PCR analysis. The results showed that the stem callus of two Common bean varieties Long17-3965 and Long10 were successfully induced by MS+0.4mg/L 6-BA+1mg/L 2,4-D and MS+0.6mg/L 6-BA+1mg/L 2,4-D, and the highest healing rate was obtained. The whole genome identified 18 WOX gene family members in common bean, distributed on 10 chromosomes. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that 18 Common bean, 15 Arabidopsis, 58 Mung bean and 33 Soybean WOX gene family members could be divided into three major groups. The conserved domains of WOX genes in three major groups mainly include HD (homeodomain) domains. PvWOXs gene promoters mainly contained 28 different types of cis-acting elements such as "meristem formation correlation" and"auxin response correlation". Genomic collinearity analysis among 4 species was found that most of gene containing the number of synonymous mutation greater than nonsynonymous mutaion in nucleotide sequence. Using MS + 0.4 mg/L 6-BA + 1 mg/L 2,4-D and MS + 0.6 mg/L 6-BA + 1 mg/L 2,4-D medium, a successful system for inducing callus tissue from the hypocotyls of Long 17-3965 and Long 10 was established. Transcriptome analysis revealed 8 differentially expressed WOX genes; correlation analysis showed that PvWOX1/15/16 was related to callus induction rate, with PvWOX1/15 downregulated during callus formation and PvWOX16 upregulated. The 3 WOX differentially expressed gene were identified by comparative transcriptome analysis. qRT-PCR identification results consistented with PvWOX1/15/16 gene expression value FPKM in transcriptomic data.Meantime, PvWOX1/15/16 gene expression level were signifcantly correlated with the rate of callus induction. According to the bove results, it suggested that PvWOX1/15/16 gene can be the potential target genes for the research on genetic transformation in Common bean. Further, this study provides key gene resources for establishing efficient regeneration system and genetic transformation of Common bean in the future.
    Research Progress on Maize Resistance to Stalk Rot Caused by Fusarium spp. and Pythium spp.
    ZHANG Yuhang, LI Shuai, WU Wenqi, SUN Suli, ZHU Zhendong, DUAN Canxing
    Available online:  January 08, 2025 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240812002
    [Abstract] (3) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1005.76 K] (30)
    Abstract:
    Maize is one of the most important crops in the world. The maize yield accounts for 41.5% of gross grain yields in China. Stalk rot seriously harms maize production, reducing the yield and quality and increasing the difficulty in mechanized corn harvesting. Furthermore, the pathogens causing stalk rot produces mycotoxins that contaminate roughage forage and hazard the safety of livestock. Up to date, more than 30 kinds of fungi causing maize stalk rot have been isolated and identified, among which Fusarium spp. and Pythium spp. are the main pathogenic fungi in China. Soil inoculation, root injury method, drilling inoculation and toothpick method are the commonly used methods to identify maize resistance to stalk rot. Some maize germplasm with excellent stalk rot resistance have been identified from thousands of resources. Resistance genetic analysis and gene mining were carried out in some materials, and 46 loci with stalk rot resistance were mapped, and then resistance mechanism was analyzed by multi-omics analysis. Two genes, ZmCCT and ZmAuxRP1, were cloned and the resistance mechanism was explored. Even so, there are still few cases of resistant maize varieties with high yield and quality cultivated widely in production practice. In this paper, the advances in maize stalk rot resistance were summarized from the aspects, including diverse pathogens and regional distribution, mycotoxins, identification and screening of resistant maize germplasm resources, resistance genetics, resistance gene mining and cloning, and mechanism exploring. Some current problems and future prospects were put forward. The main aim is to provide reference for the research on maize resistance to stalk rot.
    Collection, Identification and Evaluation of Rice Germplasm Resources in Henan Province, China
    Yang Wen-bo, Qin Zi-yu, Ma Jin-xia, Wang Sheng-xuan, Wang Neng-bo, Li Jing-jing, Cao Yan-yong
    Available online:  January 07, 2025 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240716001
    [Abstract] (2) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.26 M] (51)
    Abstract:
    From 2021 to 2023, the Henan team of the “Third National Crop Germplasm Resources Census and Collection Action” carried out a comprehensive survey and collection of crop germplasm resources in 128 counties/cities in the Henan province, P.R. China. A total of 120 rice planting information in 1956, 1981, 2014 was obtained. The census data showed that in Henan Province, the rice planting area was concentrated, the planting area increased, and the landraces decreased sharply. At the same time, a total of 37 rice germplasm resources were collected, and the field traits of 33 rice germplasm resources were investigated and identified. The collected rice germplasm resources were mainly from the northern and southern Henan rice areas. 63.64 % of them were planted at an altitude of 50-100 m. Phenotypic character identification showed that japonica rice was more than indica rice, lowland rice was more than upland rice, nonglutinous rice was more than glutinous rice, fragrant rice and colored rice accounted for 27.27 % and 21.21 % of the total resources, respectively. The phenotypic traits of resources were rich in diversity. Most germplasms showed the characters such as high plant height, erect and long culm, suitable panicle length and panicle type, good panicle extraction, curved shape after maturity, multiple branches of secondary branches in panicle, green leaf sheath color and leaf blade color, double-lobed ligule shape, moderate width of flag leaf, erect flag leaf and second leaf, awnless grain, yellow and hairy glume. Based on the phenotype，six excellent rice germplasm resources were screened out , including Xixianxiangdaowan No.1, Sanlicun, Hanxiang No.1 F11, Maopuruandao, Heixiangnuo, Lvmi. In conclusion, this study would provide a scientific basis for the effective protection and utilization of Henan rice germplasm resources.
    Quality Identification and Evaluation of 100 Garden Pea Germplasm Resources
    MA Tiantian, MENG Junying, CHEN Gao, CHEN Chanyou, GUO Rui
    Available online:  January 07, 2025 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240729001
    [Abstract] (3) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.83 M] (49)
    Abstract:
    This study identified 3 commodity qualities and 5 nutritional quality traits in 100 vegetable pea germplasm sourced from both domestic and foreign origins. It analyzed their characteristic data, genetic variation, and trait correlations. Additionally, the study examined the genetic differentiation between two populations of green pea and snow pea, classified based on their different edible organs. A variety clustering analysis and comprehensive evaluation were conducted based on 8 quality traits.The results indicated significant differences (P<0.05) among the germplasm in these 8 traits, with a coefficient of variation ranging from 4.85% to 95.04%. Notably, soluble protein content exhibited the greatest variation, whereas water content showed the least. The genetic diversity index ranged from 1.33 to 2.03, with soluble sugar content displaying the highest diversity and soluble protein content showing lower diversity. The broad heritability ranged from 90.38% to 99.90%, all exceeding 90%, suggesting that genetic differences largely account for the observed trait variations.There were 12 pairs of traits with extremely significant correlation levels, including a high positive correlation coefficient of 0.75 between total amino acids content and water content, and a negative correlation coefficient of -0.49 with soluble protein content. The differentiation coefficients of the 8 traits between the two major populations of snow pea and green pea ranged from 6.01% to 92.45%, with vitamin C content being the most differentiated trait, while water content showed no significant differentiation.Cluster analysis, based on quality trait data, successfully divided the 100 germplasm into three variety groups. Green pea varieties were predominantly clustered in variety group II, while most snow pea varieties were grouped in variety group I. Five trait-specific snow pea varieties formed variety group III, revealing the genetic relationships among the varieties.Based on the characteristics of the trait data and other findings, high-quality green pea varieties such as WD-123, WD-135, and WD-147 were selected. Notably, WD-123 had a soluble protein content as high as 73.26 mg/g. Similarly, high-quality snow pea varieties like WD-057, WD-072, and WD-112 were identified, with WD-072 boasting a vitamin C content of 199.64 mg/kg.The genetic variation characteristics of pea quality traits and the genetic relationships between the germplasm revealed in this study can provide valuable high-quality germplasm and a technical basis for the cultivation and subsequent genetic breeding of vegetable pea varieties.
    Research Progress of Genes Related to the Regulation of Bolting and Flowering in Brassica oleracea vegetables
    钟世浚, 颜文晨, 刘霄芸, 任雪松, 司军, 宋洪元, 李勤菲
    Available online:  January 07, 2025 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240803001
    [Abstract] (2) [HTML] (0) [PDF 531.65 K] (51)
    Abstract:
    Brassica oleracea vegetables are important vegetative crops. Premature bolting and mismatched flowering time between two parents are commonly occurred during the process of production and breeding in B. oleracea vegetables. Improving bolting resistance of B. oleracea vegetables by molecular design breeding will resolve these problems. However, diverse subspecies of B. oleracea vegetables exhibit various flowering times, and research on the genes regulating bolting and flowering is scattered. This article summarized genes and variants for flowering pathways which are mainly involved in gibberellin pathway, vernalization pathway, and photoperiod pathways of B. oleracea vegetables on the basis of five main flower regulation pathways in plants. And a gene network that regulates bolting and flowering of B. oleracea vegetables is constructed, which will provide a valuable reference for improving bolting resistance of B. oleracea vegetables.
    Genetic Diversity Analysis of Sorghum Germplasms from Different Countries in Northern Jiangsu
    LAI Shang-kun, PAN Ming-quan, ZHU Li, LIU Min-xuan, JIN Qian, LIU Xiao-fei, LU Ping, WANG Wei-jun
    Available online:  January 07, 2025 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240818001
    [Abstract] (3) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.96 M] (38)
    Abstract:
    Abstract: Regarding the shortage of locally suitable varieties and excellent sorghum germplasm resources in Jiangsu''s sorghum industry, the genetic variation level of 400 sorghum germplasm (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) resources from local and global used as experimental materials was comprehensively analyzed in northern Jiangsu by using the Shannon-Weaver diversity index, correlation analysis, cluster analysis and principal component analysis. The results showed that these sorghum germplasm resources had rich genetic diversity. Among the qualitative traits, the genetic diversity indices (H′) of coleoptile color, Leaf color of seedling, medium vein color, panicle type, panicle type, glume color, grain color, tillering and grain covering were 1.0366, 0.2235, 0.6631, 1.3980, 0.9619, 1.7641, 1.7039, 1.0631 and 0.9908 respectively. While, the H′ values of quantitative traits such as period of duration, plant height, stem diameter, main panicle length, peduncle length, grain weight per spike, thousand-grain weight, glume seed percentage, and endosperm corneous were all relatively higher than qualitative traits, which were 2.048, 1.925, 2.047, 1.982, 2.053, 2.031, 2.069, 1.437, and 1.927, respectively. The results of correlation analysis showed that the plant height was significantly positively correlated with the period of duration, panicle length, peduncle length, grain weight per spike, glume seed percentage, and significantly negatively correlated with thousand-grain weight. grain weight per spike was significantly positively correlated with period of duration and thousand-grain weight. Panicle length was significantly positively correlated with peduncle length and glume seed percentage, and significantly negatively correlated with thousand-grain weight. By cluster analysis，these tested sorghum germplasms could be grouped into 3 clusters when the Euclidean distance was 15. Cluster I with the characteristics of high plant, smaller panicle and lower thousand-grain weight, can be developed for energy crops; Cluster II with the characteristics of longer panicle length and peduncle length, can be used as germplasm materials for dual-purpose grain and forage breeding; Cluster III with the characteristics of dwarf, early maturity and large panicle can be used as basic source for germplasm enhancement and breeding of grain sorghum. The principal component analysis of quantitative traits showed that the cumulative contribution rate of four principal component factors to phenotypic variation reached 85.153%, of which the contributing rate of first principal component was 33.209%，mainly related to panicle length and peduncle length，while the contribution rate of the second principal component was 25.189%，mainly related to the grain weight per spike，and the third one was 15.427% contributed by the thousand-grain weight. The fourth was 11.328%，mainly contributed by period of duration, plant height, stem diameter and endosperm corneous. From the experimental germplasm, 8 excellent resources with shorter period of duration, shorter plant height and loose panicle type were selected, which could be used for sorghum breeding in Jiangsu province.
    Identification and Analysis of Partial Phenotypic Traits on Diploidy and Homologous Tetraploid of 8 Cassava Resources
    LU Liu-Ying
    Available online:  January 07, 2025 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240902002
    [Abstract] (2) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.21 M] (52)
    Abstract:
    Polyploid breeding is an important way to innovate cassava germplasms. In order to explore the effects of cassava polyploidization on plant phenotype, plant growth potential, and photosynthesis-related physiological indicators, we analyzed 27 quality traits and 19 quantitative traits of 8 cassava varieties and their corresponding induced autotetraploid resources. The results showed that 8 cassava varieties showed differences in 40 phenotypic traits. The "leaf center leaflet shape" traits were significantly different between the diploid varieties and their autotetraploid resources., The majority of autotetraploid resources shows reduced proportion of split leaves, shortened,plant heights, and reduced number of root tubers compared with corresponding diploids . Only the root tuber yield of X048 and SC12 autotetraploids increased, and the dry matter content of NZ199 and SC14 autotetraploids increased. A survey of plant growth potential indicators found that most of the tetraploid varieties have lower plant heights than diploids; leaf retention of tetraploid lower than diploids,and reach the highest leaf holdings from late August to early October. The effect of chromosome doubling on the stem diameter of each variety is not obvious; the net photosynthetic rate of 8 varieties all shows significantly higher rate in tetraploidsthan diploids. This study clarified the phenotypic differences and growth and development characteristics of diploids and autotetraploids of 8 varieties, analyzed the impact and occurrence rules of chromosome doubling on plants, and provided materials and theoretical basis for cassava polyploidy research.
    Genetic Analysis and QTL Mapping of Resistance Genes for Peanut Web Blotch
    刘 齐 妹, Zhangxiaoyu, Zhangxiaoji, Wangluhuan, Baidonmei, Zhangxin
    Available online:  January 07, 2025 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240907001
    [Abstract] (3) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.17 M] (44)
    Abstract:
    Peanut web blotch is a fungal disease that affects the leaves of peanuts, significantly impacting yield and quality when severe. Therefore, identifying disease-resistant germplasm is of great importance for peanut production. In this study, a genetic model analysis and QTL mapping of resistance to web blotch were conducted using an advanced RIL population of 807 lines derived from a cross between ''Huayu 44'' and ''DF12.'' The analysis showed that the resistance to peanut reticulostasis was mainly controlled by the MX1-A-AI model, which combined a pair of additive main genes and multiple genes that interacted with additive and epistasis. The heritability of these main genes was 63.44%, 60.70% and 74.64% under the three different environmental conditions, respectively. A total of five QTLs associated with web blotch resistance were identified: qDIA02.1, qDIA02.2, qDIB07, qDIB08, and qDIB09, distributed across four linkage groups, explaining 4.68%-15.91% of the phenotypic variation. Among these, qDIA02.1, qDIB07, and qDIB09 were consistently detected across the three environments, explaining 5.15%-9.43%, 7.62%-15.91%, and 5.24%-6.16% of phenotypic variation, respectively. Notably, qDIB07 was identified as a major QTL, indicating that peanut web blotch resistance is predominantly regulated by major gene effects. The results of this study not only provide a basis for the accurate localization of resistance genes to peanut web blotch but also offer a theoretical foundation for the genetic improvement of disease resistance in peanuts.
    Genome-Wide Association Studies of Kernel Color traits in Common Wheat and Mining of Candidate Gene
    DONG Zhongdong, JING Zhenhai, SUN Congwei, CHEN Feng
    Available online:  January 07, 2025 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240816005
    [Abstract] (2) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.03 M] (52)
    Abstract:
    Wheat kernel color related traits L*, a*, and b* are important indicators of wheat quality. In order to reveal the genetic loci that regulate wheat kernel color related traits, we investigated phenotypes of L*, a*, and b* in a natural population that composed of 243 wheat accessions in Huanghuai wheat region in four environments, and characterized the population by the wheat 660K SNP assay. Furtherly, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) was performed for wheat kernel color related traits. Results indicated that, 785 significant SNP associated with kernel color traits were identified, explaining 11.4%~23.4% phenotypic variation. SNP associated with L* are mainly distributed on chromosome 1A and 2B; SNP associated with a* are mainly distributed on chromosome 2A, 2B, 2D, 4B, 5B, 5D, 7A, and 7D; SNP associated with b* are mainly distributed on chromosome 2B, 5B, 5D, 7A, 7B, and 7D. Of them, 51 SNP were pleiotropic. Further, a total of 36 potential candidate genes related to the kernel color traits were identified by gene annotation. Only 8 of the 36 potential candidate genes are expressed in the kernel, including the known gene Pinb. Furtherly, gene polymorphism analysis showed that Pinb and UDP-glucose/GDP-mannose dehydrogenase gene TraesCS5B02G399800 were significantly associated with the target traits. Differential haplotypes of TraesCS5B02G399800 were detected significantly associated with b* by haplotype analysis. Therefore, this study provided a reference for marker-assisted selection and whole genomic prediction for wheat kernel color traits.
    QTL-Seq Analysis for Identification of Protein Content Traits in Rice Grains
    Gong Hongbing
    Available online:  January 07, 2025 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240812001
    [Abstract] (3) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.43 M] (39)
    Abstract:
    Grain protein content is one of the important factors affecting rice eating quality. It is of great significance for rice eating quality improvement to analyze the genetic regulation mechanism of grain protein content. Using an recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population from two japonica rice cultivars, Zhengeng 2400 and Jiahe 218, with significant different protein content of rice grain, BSA-Seq (bulked segregated sequencing) method was used to locate the QTLs controlling grain protein content in rice. Subsequently the QTL locus was further verified by QTL mapping using Ici Mapping 4.1 software and narrowed down by fine mapping. Four QTLs were found on chromosomes 1, 2, and 12 in F8:9 RIL by △SNP index method analysis, and eight QTLs distributed on chromosomes 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 11 in F9:10 RIL were detected by ED method analysis. A major QTL locus designated as qGPC1 accounting for 13.2% of the phenotypic variation with a LOD score of 3.91, which was detected both in F8:9 and F9:10 RIL, was verified by ICIM and fine mapped. Finally, the qGPC1 locus was delimited in the region of 516 kb between markers 1-3782 and 1-3834. Of them, a reported gene OsAAP6 regulating grain protein content was no differences in sequencing between zhengeng 2400 and Jiahe 218. Maybe a new gene in this region regulates protein content of rice grain. Moreover, Zhendao 1818 with excellent eating quality and higher plant height, seed setting rate and thousand grain weight compared with the control variety was finally screened. This study lays the foundation for further cloning of grain protein content genes and analyzing genetic regulatory mechanisms, and provides excellent germplasm resources for improving rice eating quality.jian
    Establishment of a comprehensive evaluation system for upland cotton based on comparative variety trials
    杜逍, 郭文文, 吴莹, 陈全家, 张俊岭, 高永健, 宋鹤岭, 郑凯
    Available online:  January 07, 2025 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240809003
    [Abstract] (2) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.97 M] (51)
    Abstract:
    To screen high quality cotton varieties with better suitability for production purposes.. The 24 early and early-mid maturing upland cotton varieties were used as materials for a 3-years comparative variety trials, and analyzed by correlation, principal component, clustering, gray correlation, etc. The coefficient of variation (CEV) of the 3 years test ranged from 0.40% to 4.18%, and the coefficient of variation was relatively high in 2022., between 1.01% and 20.48%, The greatest variation was observed in the number of bolls per plant and single boll weight; 6 pairs of correlations between traits reached the significant level, 14 pairs reached the highly significant level, the correlation between agronomic traits and yield and fiber quality traits was intricate and complex, and the internal correlations among fiber quality traits are relatively close; 5 principal components were screened, explaining 79.87% of the variability; and 5 major groups were obtained by clustering according to the varietal characteristics. Based on the affiliation function, gray correlation model and AHP model, a set of comprehensive resource evaluation system was proposed, and Jinfeng 6, J8031, Xinnongda Cotton 1 and other varieties with better comprehensive quality were screened. The comprehensive evaluation system was verified in resource groups and superior lines respectively, and the evaluation results were consistent with the field performance, which proved that the evaluation system has the basis for further popularization.
    Genome-wide Identification and Bioinformatics Analysis of the PAL Gene Family in Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.)
    WANG Chong, LAN Mengjiao, XIAO Manqiu, PAN Hao, DENG Jiaqi, WU Wensheng
    Available online:  January 07, 2025 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240626003
    [Abstract] (2) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.11 M] (51)
    Abstract:
    Phenylalanin ammonia-lyase (PAL) is a key and rate-limiting enzyme in the phenylpropane metabolic pathway, which plays an important role in plant growth, development and stress tolerance. In this study, we screened PAL gene family members in the whole genome of sweet potato, and the physicochemical properties, phylogeny, conserved domains, chromosomal localization and gene expression of sweet potato PAL gene family members were analyzed. The results showed that a total of 33 IbPALs genes were identified in the whole genome of sweet potato, which were unevenly distributed on chromosomes 2, 6, 9 and 15. PALs proteins have small differences in physicochemical properties and similar conserved motifs and gene structures. Multiple cis-acting elements related to abiotic and biotic stress response, phytohormone responsive and growth and development regulation are present on the promoter of IbPALs. There were collinear relationships between sweet potato IbPALs and Arabidopsis thaliana, Ipomoea trifida and Ipomoea triloba PALs genes. The transcriptome data of sweet potato showed that IbPALs gene was expressed in different tissues of sweet potato and was induced by drought stress. This study provides a reference for further understanding the function of PAL family gene in sweet potato and lays a foundation for genetic improvement of sweet potato.
    Genome-wide Identification and Functional Analysis of Oleosin Genes in Cyperus esculentus L.
    CHEN Chen, WANG Huiwei, LI Chunxin, WANG Shufeng, CHENG Shan, ZHU Yajing, SONG Wanxian, and ZHANG Xiangge
    Available online:  December 23, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240919002
    [Abstract] (7) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.52 M] (66)
    Abstract:
    Oleosin is the most abundant protein on the surface of oil body, which plays an important role in the formation of plant oil body and oil storage. Cyperus esculentus is a unique tuber oil crop. Exploring the characteristics of the oleosin gene family in Cyperus esculentus and screening the key oleosin genes responding to oil storage are of great significance for analyzing the regulation mechanism of oil storage. In this study, the phylogenetic and collinear analysis of oleosin gene family members in Cyperus esculentus and several other species were performed using bioinformatics methods, and further tissue expression analysis of CeOLEs, oil content detection in different tissues, and functional verification of overexpressing CeOLEs in Arabidopsis were carried out. Bioinformatics analysis showed that six oleosin gene family members (CeOLE1 - 6) were identified in the whole genome of Cyperus esculentus, the number of which was relatively small; however, they distributed in three evolutionary lineages (U, SL and SH subfamilies), and have high evolutionary conservation and collinearity with oleosin gene family members of maize and rice. The qPCR analysis showed that the expression levels of the six CeOLEs were high in the tubers of Cyperus esculentus, but extremely low in roots, leaves, tillering nodes, stolons and other tissues. Accordingly, the oil content of Cyperus esculentus tubers was up to 24.68%, while the oil content in roots, leaves, tillering nodes and stolons was less than 1.00%. It can be seen that the oil content of Cyperus esculentus may be closely positively correlated with the expression level of CeOLEs. In addition, through the analysis of the expression level of CeOLEs and oil content in tubers at different development stages, it was found that the expression levels of CeOLE1, CeOLE2, CeOLE3 and CeOLE5 were higher, and their expression patterns were consistent with the change rate of oil content in tubers (first increased and then decreased), indicating that these four CeOLEs may be the key genes affecting the oil content in Cyperus esculentus tubers. Overexpression of CeOLE1, CeOLE2, CeOLE3 and CeOLE5 in Arabidopsis significantly increased the oil content of Arabidopsis seeds, which verified the function of these four CeOLEs in oil storage. In summary, the results of this study clarified the characteristics of oleosin gene family in Cyperus esculentus, screened and functionally verified the key oleosin genes responding to oil storage, and laid a foundation for further analysis of oil storage mechanism and genetic improvement of Cyperus esculentus.
    Transcriptome- and metabolome-based analysis of the colour formation mechanism of bagged fruits of
    DING Tiyu, MA Xinxin, YU Xueli, ZHAO Yalin, Zhou Ruijin
    Available online:  December 17, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240705002
    [Abstract] (3) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.50 M] (73)
    Abstract:
    Bagged flat peaches are becoming more and more popular with consumers because of their light fruit cracking, good appearance and golden or slightly reddish fruit surface. The cultivar "Zhongyoupan 9" with rapid cultivation expansion and several others can accumulate anthocyanins under bagging conditions, showing a light-insensitive anthocyanin biosynthesis pattern, though the molecular mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we used the exocarp samples of bagged fruits of "Zhongyoupan 9" at 89 DAFB and 102 DAFB as experimental materials for transcriptomic, metabolomic and bi-omics analyses, to analyse the mechanism of light-insensitive phenotype in "Zhongyoupan 9" after bagging and shading. The results showed that a total of 2652 significant differential genes were identified by transcriptome analysis, including 16 differentially expressed genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis, such as PpPAL, PpC4H, Pp4CLs, PpCHSs, PpCHIs, F3H, F3"H, PpDFR, PpANS, PpUFGT, PpGST, and 56 specifically up-regulated transcription factors, all of which were up-regulated and expressed in a pattern that correlated with anthocyanin content. High performance liquid tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was used to detect changes in the relative content of flavonoid metabolites in the exocarp at developmental stages, and a total of 112 significantly different metabolites were detected, with a significant up-regulation of cyanidin-3,5-O-diglucoside, with the highest multiplicity of difference of 16.8 in Log2FC. The continuous accumulation of cyanidin-glucoside was the main metabolite responsible for the red colour of the exocarp after bagging of "Zhongyoupan 9". The results of co-analysis with KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the up-regulated expression of transcription factors PpBL and PpNAC1 activated the expression of PpMYB10.1 under bagging and shading, which promotes the catalytic synthesis of the anthocyanin biosynthesis structural genes to synthesise cyanidin-3,5-O-diglucoside, which results in red colouration of the exocarp. The project"s progression holds not only theoretical significance but also substantial practical value, as its findings will contribute to unraveling the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation in peach fruits under bagging, providing a theoretical basis for selecting more suitable peach varieties for bagging cultivation.
    Nut Phenotypic Diversity Analysis and Evaluation of Chinese Chestnut Variety Resources in Yanshan Mountains
    ZHANG Xin-fang, ZHANG Shu-hang, LI Ying, GUO Yan, LIU Jin-yu, FAN Li-ying, WANG Guang-peng
    Available online:  December 10, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240620004
    [Abstract] (4) [HTML] (0) [PDF 889.24 K] (121)
    Abstract:
    The purpose of this study was to explore the phenotypic diversity of Castanea mollissima Bl. in Yanshan Mountains, and evaluate the nut appearance and economic traits targetedly using a variety of analytical methods. The phenotypic datasets (11 descriptive traits and 15 numerical traits) in 118 chestnut variety resources in Yanshan Mountains were collected. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index, principal component analysis, membership function and cluster analysis were used to evaluate and guide the appropriate utilization methods according to the nut phenotypic characteristics. The value of Shannon-Wiener diversity index（H''）of 11 descriptive traits ranged from 0.33 (number of pubescence) to 1.14 (color of nut), and the value of coefficient of variation was 11.63 % (obviousness of stripes) - 51.07 % (wiring shape). The value of coefficient of variation of 15 numerical traits ranged from 3.09% (kernel rate) to 24.69% (shell weight), and the value of coefficient of variation of shell weight, bar size, kernel weight and nut size was greater than 20.00 %. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index ranged from 1.85 (base width) to 2.09 (nut length). There were significant or extremely significant correlations among most numerical traits. The results of principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first four principal components was 80.768 %, and contribution ratio of the first principal component (nut width, nut thickness, nut size, surface arc length and so on) was the largest, which could be used as a comprehensive index related to nut size. The variety resources with higher comprehensive scores of nut processing economic traits included Jianli, Nanchui 5, Xinglong 1, Maxingli, Yanli 1, Dabanhong, Yanli, Pingquan (Ge), Funingbaopi, Timashisheng.
    Genetic Diversity Evaluation of a Rare and Endangered Species Phoebe chekiangensis
    Yongjie Zheng, ZHANG Yue-ting, LIU Xin-liang, TU Bai-lian, Wu Yan-fang
    Available online:  December 10, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240618001
    [Abstract] (5) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1004.48 K] (128)
    Abstract:
    Phoebe chekiangensis is a rare and endangered species in China. The investigation on the genetic diversity and genetic structure of populations will provide scientific basis for the effective protection and utilization of germplasm resources of P. chekiangensis. Fifteen pairs of SSR markers were used to detect 175 germplasm resources from 10 populations by capillary electrophoresis to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic structure of P. chekiangensis. A total of 114 alleles (Na) were detected in 175 germplasms of P. chekiangensis by 15 pairs of primers, with an average of 2.371 effective alleles (Ne) per pair of primers. The polymorphic information content (PIC) of SSR primer ranged from 0.323 to 0.844, averaging at 0.629. The populations of P. chekiangensis showed a moderate degree of genetic diversity (Ho=0.621, He=0.478). The inbreeding coefficient within Subpopulations (Fis) was -0.237, and the inbreeding coefficient for Total populations(Fit) was 0.082, indicating that the heterozygosity rate was high. There was high genetic differentiation (Fst=0.275) and low gene flow (Nm=0.763) between populations. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that the inter-individual differences within the population were the main source of genetic variation, accounting for 78.7% of the total variation (P < 0.001). The population structure analysis and cluster analysis divided 10 populations of P. chekiangensis from different provenances into three groups, and there were some gene introgressions between populations. Habitat fragmentation and human disturbance may be the main reasons for the endangerment of P. chekiangensis, and measures should be taken to protect the genetic diversity of P. chekiangensis by combining in situ conservation and ex situ conservation.
    Drought-Resistance Evaluation of Qingke Germplasm Resources
    CUI Yong mei, LI Jie, ZHANG Li, YAO You hua, YAO Xiao hua, and WU Kun lun
    Available online:  December 10, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240619001
    [Abstract] (11) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.05 M] (134)
    Abstract:
    Drought was one of the major stresses in Tibetan Plateau region. To identify the characteristics and breeding dought-tolerance varieties is economical strategy to improve drought -resistance in Qingke. The drought-resistance of 246 Qingke germplasm resources was evaluated at seedling and reproductive stages in this study. At seedling stage, the population drought resistance was classified step by step by measuring ion leakage. In addition, a comprehensive evaluation model and index for drought-resistance was established at reproductive stage and appropriate evaluation indexes were selected. The plant height (PH), spike length (SL), kernels per ear (KN), and thousand grain weight (TGW) of 246 Qingke germplasm resources were measured and analyzed by using various methods
    Genetic Diversity Analysis and Core collection Construction of Sesame Germplasm in Jiangxi Province
    WANG Zhiqi, YAN Tingxian, YAN Xiaowen, LIANG Junchao, LE Meiwang, SUN Jian
    Available online:  December 03, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240614001
    [Abstract] (8) [HTML] (0) [PDF 566.25 K] (128)
    Abstract:
    Analyze the diversity of phenotypic traits of sesame germplasm in Jiangxi, and obtain a reliable primary core germplasm population of sesame, providing theoretical basis and reference for promoting further identification, preservation, development and efficient utilization of sesame germplasm. We use 736 sesame germplasm from various counties and cities in Jiangxi Province as experimental materials, diversity analysis was conducted on 25 phenotypic traits; Using QGAstation2.0 software, we can select to construct the best plan for primary core germplasm; Perform mean T-test and variance F-test on multiple parameters of the original germplasm and core germplasm, and compare the eigenvalues, contribution rates, and cumulative contribution rates of the two populations through principal component analysis; On this basis, genotype data of 64 Ji"an germplasms (including 736 sesame germplasms) were obtained using 12 pairs of polymorphic markers. Polymorphism analysis, evaluation, and genetic similarity analysis were performed on 16 germplasms (including 110 core germplasms) and 64 germplasms using SSR markers. The results showed that 736 local sesame germplasm in Jiangxi Province had rich genetic diversity. The genetic diversity index (GDI) of phenotypic traits ranged from 0.5129 to 2.0833, and the GDI of quantitative traits (1.7140~2.0833) was overall higher than that of qualitative traits (0.5129~1.2028);the primary core germplasm constructed by multiple clustering priority sampling method+15% sampling ratio+variable class average method+Euclidean distance can well represent the diversity of the original germplasm population; The cumulative contribution rates of the original germplasm population and core germplasm are 80.533% and 82.631%, respectively, indicating that the primary core germplasm can explain more than 80% of the genetic information of the original germplasm population; the six polymorphic parameter values of the original germplasm population and the core germplasm population are basically similar, and there is no significant difference in the mean t-test (except for the number of observed alleles). At the same time, the genetic similarity between the two populations is basically similar. The 16 core germplasm preliminarily represent the genetic diversity of 64 Ji"an sesame germplasm, further indicating that the 110 core germplasm can represent the genetic diversity of 736 Jiangxi sesame germplasm resources to the maximum extent for preservation and utilization.
    Genetic diversity analysis of Vaccinium bracteatum germplasm based on SNP Markers
    huang jing, zhang min, -
    Available online:  November 15, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240619002
    [Abstract] (5) [HTML] (0) [PDF 0.00 Byte] (127)
    Abstract:
    In order to provide reference for the protect, development and utilization of Vaccinium bracteatum resources, a total of 70 germplasm resources from 5 geographical populations were genotyped by GBS (Genotyping-by-Sequencing) technique to develop SNP markers. Using the developed markers, we investigated the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of V. bracteatum. The result shows a total of 9752 highly consistent and effective SNP markers were obtained through sequencing data analysis. 5 geographical populations of V. bracteatum all have high levels of genetic diversity, with an average effective number of alleles (Ne) of 1.52, expected heterozygosity (He) of 0.21, and observed heterozygosity (Ho) of 0.23. Among the 5 populations, the Liyang population had the highest genetic diversity. Analysis of variance for molecular variation(AMOVA) revealed that 64.45% of the total genetic variation resided among individuals. The fixation index (Fst) showed a high degree of genetic differentiation among the 5 geographical populations, with the highest Fst values(0.406) observed between the Liyang and Shangyou populations. Based on the results of NJ Phylogenetic tree, V. bracteatum resources clustered into three branches, which did not show obvious correspondence between geographical location and genetic relationships. The STRUCTURE analysis clustered the V. bracteatum resources into three subgroups, the results of principal component analysis was consistent with it, and different geographical populations are distributed in each subgroup, indicating the existence of high gene exchange in V. bracteatum resources. This study provides reference for selection and breeding of V. bracteatum and germplasm conservation.
    Whole-Genome Identification and Comparative Expression Analysis of Anthocyanin Biosynthetic Genes in?maize
    Li Shujun, Fu Zhongjun, Hao Yunxi, Yuan Liang, 祁志云
    Available online:  November 13, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240918001
    [Abstract] (2) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.92 M] (138)
    Abstract:
    Purple corn (Zea mays L.) contained a higher anthocyanins and other functional phytochemicals, and was widely used in function food and pharmaceutical industries, thereby ranked a higher economic benefits for the corn industry. To explore the regulatory mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in purple corn, 83 Zea mays anthocyanin biosynthetic genes (ZmABGs) were identified using bioinformatic approach, classified into 5 groups byphylogenetic tree, which were widely and randomly distributed in 10 chromosomeins. Cis-acting elements analysis of ZmABGs in the promoter region indicated that the potential role of ZmABGs involved in hormone signaling pathways and responsive to different stress.. In addition, more ZmABGs genes were expressed in pollinated organ samples than un- pollinated organ samples, especially for corn pericarp through expression analysis of different tissues. qRT-PCR showed that the upregulation of?regulatory genes (ZmPAP1-b and ZmLDB38-a)?together with its target structure genes (such as ZmF3H-b, ZmDFR-b, ZmCHS-b, ZmF3’H, ZmPAL1-b, ZmPAL1-l and Zm4CH-c) might promote the anthocyanin accumulation in?Zi2-1 at early stages (10–34 days), while the down-regulation of those ZmABGs at late developmental stages (34–46?days). Taken together, our results gain insight into better understanding of the genetic mechanisms and regulatory network of anthocyanin accumulation in?maize, and providing a theoretical basis for promoting the breeding of high anthocyanin maize varieties.
    QTL Mapping for Heat Tolerance at Heading Stage Based on High Density Genetic Maps in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
    liujin
    Available online:  November 12, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241007002
    [Abstract] (6) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.13 M] (125)
    Abstract:
    With the increasing global warming, high temperature seriously threatens rice production and food security. Identifying heat-tolerant genes and cultivating new heat-resistant varieties are crucial approaches to deal with the harm of high temperature. A set of RIL population, derived from the cross between the heat-sensitive variety Junambyeo(JNB) and the strong heat-tolerant variety Ganzaoxian58(GZX58), identified the heat tolerance related traits and QTL at heading stage under extreme natural high-temperature conditions based on high-density genetic map.Under high-temperature stress, seed setting rate was significantly reduced, which is significantly correlated with the control seed setting rate and heat resistance coefficient. The RIL population''s seed-setting rates under high temperature showed a continuous and approximately normal distribution, exhibiting highly significant correlations with control seed-setting rates and heat tolerance coefficients.Six QTL were detected for spikelet number, filled grain number and seed setting rate under control environment, five heat tolerance QTL were detected under high temperature stress, including qHTSF4, qHTSFII4, qHTC2, qHTC4 and qHTC6, among these QTLs qHTSFI4, qHTSFII4 and qHTC4 were located in the same chromosome region, forming a major QTL cluster qHTH4. Utilizing high-density genetic map, extreme lines genotype and bioinformatics, it was confirmed that qHTC2, qHTH4 and qHTC6 function in regulating heat tolerance and had additive effects, in here, the RIL lines that aggregated more than two major QTL had significantly enhanced heat resistance, and then 14 directly related gene were screened in the key QTL mapping target regions, which laid the foundation for the genetic improvement of heat tolerance and molecular mechanism analysis of key genes in rice.
    Research progress of MYB regulated target genes involved in response to heavy metal stress
    HE Rui, XING Wang, LIU Dali, LU Zhenqiang
    Available online:  November 12, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (20) [HTML] (0) [PDF 829.78 K] (131)
    Abstract:
    Heavy metals, such as cadmium, are increasingly polluting soil, and they not only interfere with the life cycle of plants, but also reduce crop yields and even lead to plant death. Consequently, plants have evolved a series of defense mechanisms to resist heavy metal stress for themselves. Plant transcription factor MYB is a key regulator under stress, which can be co-regulated with downstream target genes in response to heavy metal stress, thus conferring tolerance to heavy metals and reducing their damage to plants. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which plants cope with heavy metal stress (especially cadmium stress) is a primary goal of plant biotechnology research and agricultural breeding. In this paper, we mainly review five aspects, namely, identification and characteristics of MYB family members, functions and the mechanism of regulating target genes, how MYB regulates target genes to participate in heavy metal stress response through photosynthesis and hormones, etc. And we will deeply discuss that, in the adaptive mechanism of plants to heavy metal stress, MYB transcription factors combine with target genes or promoter elements through signaling pathways (reactive oxygen species homeostasis, abscisic acid signaling, gibberellins signaling, photosynthesis, etc.), which are involved in the regulation of uptake, transport and sequestration of heavy metals in plants. This paper provides a certain theoretical basis for further development and utilization of MYB transcription factors.
    Identification of salt tolerance in rice core germplasm and development and application of molecular markers
    世壮 王, NIE Ya-min, HUANG Jing-fen, ZHANG Qiao-ling, ZHENG Chongke, XIE Xianzhi, WANG Yan-yan, XING Meng, CHEN Wen-xi, CHEN Zi-yi, ZHENG Xiaoming, WANG Wen-sheng, YANG Qing-wen, QIAO Wei-hua
    Available online:  November 08, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240602001
    [Abstract] (74) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.16 M] (1441)
    Abstract:
    Rice is a salt sensitive plant, and soil salinization has a significant impact on rice yield. Therefore, exploring excellent haplotypes of salt tolerant genes and creating excellent salt tolerant germplasm are of great significance for rice breeding. This study firstly identified 236 core germplasm samples from the 3K rice database for salt tolerance investigation during seedling stage and whole growth period in the field. A strong salt tolerant germplasm ''71011'' from Australia was identified. This germplasm survived for 25.5 days and had a salt tolerance level of 5.2 under 150mM NaCl treatment conditions, 100% survival rate under 0.3-0.5% salt treatment in the paddy field. Using the 236 core germplasm population, haplotype analysis was conducted on 20 reported salt tolerance genes. A total of 8 genes, including AKT1, CPK12, MYB48, P5CS1, SIK1, SKC1, SNAC1, and HKT1, was identified that had haplotypes associated with salt tolerance. Then, one salt tolerant rice variety ‘Yanfeng 47’ and one normal variety ‘Nongken 57’ were selected as parents for recombinant inbred lines construction. Finally, three molecular markers were designed for elite haplotypes of three genes, AKT1, MYB48, and HKT1. These molecular markers were confirmed by PCR and qRT-PCR. We innovated three high salt tolerance lines by aggregating elite haplotypes of salt tolerant genes by molecular marker assistance breeding. Our results provided available germplasm resources, molecular markers and innovative lines for breeding new salt-tolerant rice varieties.
    Identification and Evaluation of Rice Germplasm Resources Collected in the Third Rice Census in Hunan Province
    SONG Gencai, DUAN Yonghong, YANG Tianming, DENG Jing, YU Yaying, YANG Biaoren, HUANG Fenglin
    Available online:  November 08, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240816003
    [Abstract] (31) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.27 M] (218)
    Abstract:
    The main agronomic traits and disease resistance identification of rice germplasm resources collected in the third general survey and collection action of crop germplasm resources in Hunan Province ( hereinafter referred to as the third general survey of Hunan Province ) were evaluated. The results showed that the rice germplasm resources collected in the third general survey of Hunan Province were divided into indica subspecies and japonica subspecies, mainly indica subspecies. The proportions of sticky rice and waxy rice were close, which were 53.8 % and 46.2 %, respectively. There are 41 germplasm resources of red rice, black rice, purple rice, green rice and brown rice. The rice germplasm resources collected in the third general survey of Hunan Province are rich in genetic variation, most of which are lodging resistance, moderate stem angle, erect flag leaf, yellow glume tip, yellow glume, no awn, and most of the grain shapes are medium-long. Fourteen excellent germplasm resources with suitable growth period and plant height, high seed setting rate and strong disease resistance, large panicle and more grains and suitable 1000-grain weight were identified. At the same time, 13 excellent waxy rice germplasm resources and 20 colored functional rice germplasm resources were screened. The above excellent rice germplasm resources will provide an important material basis for basic research and new variety breeding.
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    Advances in Germplasm Collection and Genetic Diversity Research of Wild Broomcorn Millet in China
    LIU Min-xuan, XU yue, LU Ping
    2020,21(6):1435-1445, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20200522001
    [Abstract] (1209) [HTML] (0) [PDF 30.14 M] (46050)
    Abstract:
    Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is a representative crop in dryland agriculture and has been cultivated for over 10,000 years. Wild broomcorn millet, widely distributed in fields alongside the cultivated broomcorn millet and in woodland edges and grasslands across Eurasia, plays a crucial role in studies of broomcorn millet origin and domestication history. This review summarizes the research progresses achieved in China in germplasm collection and conservation, identification and evaluation, and genetic diversity analysis of wild broomcorn millet, and in the relationship between the wild broomcorn millet and cultivated broomcorn millet, and proposes further project development and the core mission of collection, utilization and research of wild broomcorn millet resources in China.
    The Phenotypic Variations and Allelic Analysis of Different Dwarf Germplasm Resources in Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)
    ZHANG Min-juan, WANG Deng-ke, DUAN Shi-xiang, DOU Jun-ling, YANG Sen, LIU Dong-ming, NIU Huan-huan, ZHU Hua-yu, HU Jian-bin, SUN Shou-ru, MA Chang-sheng, YANG Lu-ming
    2022,23(5):1298-1309, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220616001
    [Abstract] (528) [HTML] (0) [PDF 35.18 M] (34262)
    Abstract:
    In recent years, facility cultivation in watermelon has become one of the main ways in China, and dwarf germplasm resources have been of interest considering their application for their unique advantages in facility cultivation. Dwarf is one important agronomic trait in modulating plant architecture, and dwarf watermelon varieties are adaptable for high-density planting, mechanizing management and pest control, which can effectively reduce costs and meet the current needs of simplified watermelon cultivation. In this study, 14 dwarf germplasms, which were collected from domestic and foreign countries, were subjected for self-pollination with several generations to obtain homozygous inbred lines. Fourteen dwarf germplasms were subjected for diallel crosses, and F1 hybrids and derived F2 populations were analyzed for plant architecture related agronomic traits. Based on allelic tests for 14 dwarf germplasms, two types (class-I and class-II) on the dwarf phenotype were observed. The dwarf trait in class-I mutants d1, d2, d3 and d6 was controlled by the same recessive gene Cldw1, while the dwarf trait in class-mutants was controlled by another recessive gene Cldf. The F1 hybrid derived from inter-crosses between two classes were observed with long vine, and the segregation ratio of the vine type in F2 population was 9:3:3:1, thus confirming that the dwarf trait in two types of mutants were controlled by two different recessive genes. The analysis of different dwarf germplasm mutants in this study provided better understanding of watermelon dwarf resources, which has implication in breeding for new watermelon dwarf varieties.
    Synthesis and cytological studies of allotriploid interspecies between Brassica carinata and Chinese kale
    luoshuangxia
    2013,14(2):361-366, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2013.02.028
    [Abstract] (5040) [HTML] (0) [PDF 29.26 M] (30038)
    Abstract:
    The allotriploid interspecies (BCC) were obtained by reciprocal crosses between Brassica carinata (2n=4x=BBCC=34) and Chinese kale (2n=2x=CC=18). The interspecies displayed a stronger growth than parents; the plant and flower type tended to parent B. carinata; and the flower color was the same as parent Chinese kale. Meiosis observation of the allotriploid showed that 9 bivalents and 8 univalents (9Ⅱ 8Ⅰ) were formed at diakinesis, and the two kind of chromosomes (B and C) tended to separate into two groups; at metaphaseⅠ, 9 bivalents of CC genome arranged on equatorial plane and 8 univalents of B genome distributed around the equatorial plane ; and at anaphaseⅠ, the distributions of chromosomes with 13/13 or 12/14 were in the majority. The obtain of this allotriploid (BCC) provides an important material for production of CC B alien addition lines and for study of chromosome homology between B and C genome.
    Wild Relatives of Agricultural Crop in Yunnan Province and Its Peripheral Area
    Gao Ainong
    2013,14(2):193-201, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2013.02.002
    [Abstract] (4380) [HTML] (0) [PDF 31.18 M] (23422)
    Abstract:
    The project of “investigation of biological resources of agriculture in Yunnan province and its peripheral area”belongs to National Basic Task Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology. The project has passed the acceptance inspection from the Ministry of Science and Technology in May, 2012, after it has been carried out for 5 years. Yunnan and its peripheral area are low latitudes and high altitudes, also the concentrative areas inhabited by minority nationality people, where the species of agricultural crops are quite abundant, so are the biological and genetic diversity, as a result, the wild relatives of agricultural crops are plenty. In this paper, the authors have introduced the wild relatives of food crops, economic crops, vegetable crops and fruit trees collected in Yunnan and its peripheral area in order to provide basic information and scientific evidences for the researches and development, and constituting the national conservation policy of the diversity of wild plants and scientific researches.
    Investigation and Nutrition Components Analysis of Wild Chives in Hezhang County of Guizhou Province
    WANG Hai-ping, QIU Yang, LI Fang-wei, SONG Jiang-ping, Zhang Xiao-hui, LI Xi-xiang
    2017,18(6):1137-1144, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2017.06.015
    [Abstract] (1626) [HTML] (0) [PDF 10.11 M] (21999)
    Abstract:
    Guizhou province is an important distribution area of wild allium, especially in Hezhang county. In order to understand and study the distribution, the wild Chinese chive in Hezhang county was investigated, and the main nutritional components were analyzed. The results indicated that there are mainly 3 kinds of wild Chinese chive distributed in Hezhang county, Allium wallichii Kunth., Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt.(tentatively named) and Allium hookeri Thwaites (tentatively named). . The geographical distribution, habitat and climate of the wild chives were investigated. Among 17 kinds of amino acids, except for proline, the contents of other amino acids in wild chives were higher than that of the cultivated chive. The sugar contents of wild chives were significantly lower than the cultivated chive. Among 9 trace elements, zinc and iron contents of Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt.were significantly higher than that of cultivated chives and other wild chives. Among 4 kinds of heavy metal, cadmium content in 3 kinds of wild chives exceed the limitation of national standard, especially the cadmium content in Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt. was significantly higher than the others. Content of arsenic, mercury and lead in Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt. also exceed the limitation of national standard; Vc content in leaves and stalk of Allium wallichii Kunth. in original habit was higher than that of cultivated chives. The biological characteristics and nutrition components of wild chives from Hezhang county were significantly different from that of cultivated chives, which will be important genetic resources for utilization and quality development of chives.
    Phenotypic DiversityAnalysis of Five Wild Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum Populations
    WANG Wen-xiao, CHENG Hao, XU Yu-feng, GE Hong, YANG Shu-hua, ZHAO Xin, WU Rong-hua, JIA Rui-dong
    2020,21(5):1196-1206, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20200109006
    [Abstract] (1282) [HTML] (0) [PDF 31.37 M] (21566)
    Abstract:
    In this study, we investigated the phenotypic diversity of 18 characters on five main natural populations of Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum that were collected from three provinces Yunnan, Guangxi and Guizhou in China. The statistical methods used included nested variance analysis, coefficient of variation, correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. The results revealed significant difference at most phenotypic traits among populations if compared to that within populations. The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient (VST) was 75.18%, indicating that the population diversity was largely contributed by the variation among populations. The average variation coefficient of the 18 phenotypic traits was variable from 6.36%–18.51%, with a higher degree of dispersion. PCA showed that plant height, length of ovary, scape height, length of maximum leaf, diameter of flower and length of synsepal were the main sources of phenotypic variation. Pearson correlation analysis showed that plant height, width of synsepal and width of dorsal sepal were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with the majority of plant traits, whereas only the length of synsepal was extremely significantly correlated with geographic factors. Cluster analysis revealed three groups from the five populations, which could be explained by the geographic distribution. This study found that populations of Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum have high genetic diversity, and the variation between populations is much higher than that within the population. The phenotypic diversity indicates that wild Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum populations should be protected as much as possible. Moreover, it is recommended that germplasm is preserved in nurseries and libraries in addition to in-situ conservation, and that an artificial reproduction system is established enhance our conservation efficiency.
    Genome-wide Association Study of Root System Architecture Related Traits in Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
    CHEN Gui-ju, JIN Yi-rong, LIU Cai-yun, JIA De-xin, FAN Qing-qi, LIU Jin-dong, LIU Peng
    2020,21(4):975-983, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20191126002
    [Abstract] (1325) [HTML] (0) [PDF 709.26 K] (21438)
    Abstract:
    The root system architecture (RSA) determines the composition of the root system and plays an irreplaceable role in crop growth and development. It is of great significance to analyze the genetic mechanism of wheat root architecture and the selection of varieties with better RSA traits in breeding for elite wheat varieties. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) is an effective method to analyze the genetic mechanism of complicated quantitative traits (i.e. RSA) in wheat. In the study, GWAS for RSA-related traits(total root length, total root surface area, total root volume, average root diameter and number of root tips) were conducted in 160 wheat accessions from Henan and Shandong, which were previously genotyped by wheat 660K SNP chip. Twenty-three loci associated with RSA related traits were detected from chromosomes 1A, 2A, 2B, 3B, 4A, 5A, 5B, 5D, 6A, 6B and 7B, and each explained the phenotypic variation variable from 7.2% to 12.8%. Among them, eleven loci are found to coincide with the formerly-reported loci, and the remaining 12 loci are newly identified. Taken together, this study is of significance to uncover the genetic structure of the root architecture with a potential in future breeding of high-yield and stress-resistant wheat cultivars.
    Combining ability of parents for main traits in sorghum panicles
    Long Wenjing, 赵甘霖, 丁国祥, 倪先林, 刘天朋, 汪小楷
    2017,18(5):867-873, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2017.05.008
    [Abstract] (1457) [HTML] (0) [PDF 7.64 M] (21023)
    Abstract:
    To explore the main characters of the genetic features of sorghum panicle and evaluate the use value of material of latest introduction and cultivation of sorghum parents, thus providing theoretical basis for breeding of sorghum panicle and reference. Four sorghum sterile lines(13163A, 1358A, 128A and 407A ) and 6 restorer lines (9.1R, 213R, 272R, 381R, Dwarf182R and Early21R) were mated, the combining ability of main traits of F1 generation’s panicles was analyzed according to incomplete diallel cross(NCII). The results showed that the main panicle traits exist significant genetic differences, the main performance for the additive gene effect of genetic traits are: spike length, primary branches number, secondary branch number, grain numbe per spike; Narrow heritability size order are: secondary branch number > primary branch number > spike length> grain number per spike > grain weight per spike >1000-kernel weight. Different parent’s general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) is significant difference in different traits. Sterile line 407A and restorer early 21R, 9.1R which has better comprehensive characteristic, have great potential applications in production of hybrid combinations. Restorer 272R combined with lower spike grain number and small grains characteristics can satisfy the market demand for small grain sorghum. In-depth analysis of sorghum hybrid parent main panicle traits, is conducive to the further understanding and use of parent material.
    Identification of QTL for Tassel Color in Maize
    yuanwenjuan
    2013,14(2):289-297, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2013.02.005
    [Abstract] (5138) [HTML] (0) [PDF 10.61 M] (20536)
    Abstract:
    Abstract: tassel is an important reproductive organ of maize and the appearance of different kinds of maize differ in thousands of ways .molecular markers, tightly linked with tassel color, could be screened by genetic analysis and QTL mapping of the color of the maize tassel. these molecular markers can be used as an useful tool for maize variety protection and species identification. Mean while, higher pigment content of anthocyan in purple tassel is closely related to the insect resistance of maize tassel. In this study, a black SDM of maize inbred lines were used as a common male parent and respectively hybrid with the white maize inbred lines of wood and yellow maize inbred line Mo17 to build two F2: 3 groups, respectively named MuS (Mu6 x SDM), and MoS (, Mo17 ?SDM).these two groups were planted in two different environments in Yunnan and Chongqing, then conduct QTL mapping about two traits, the anther color (COAn) and the anther capes color (COCa). The results showed that: the anther color and the anther cape color are both quantitative traits, jointly controlled by major genes and minor genes. Seven QTL related to anther color are detected from the two groups in two different environments. They are located in chromosome 2,3,6 and 10.The QTL within marker interval umc1196a-IDP8526 on the chromosome 10 both expressed in Chongqing and Yunnan, and the contribution rate of the phenotype were 23.17% and 19.98%; nine QTL related to anther cape color are detected from the two groups in two environments, located in chromosome 3, 6, 9 and 10 .Among them, three QTL are environmental insensitive (they express in both two environments and the contribution rate are greater than 10%), which respectively in the marker interval umc1979-umc1796 mmc0523-umc2006 in chromosome 6 and the marker interval umc1196a-umc2043 in the chromosome 10 and the contribution rate of the phenotype ranges from 10.69% to 59.30%. The location and effect of the major QTL detected from these two groups have a high degree of consistency, and the major QTL controlling the two traits of anther color and anther cape color have the phenomenon of chain of distribution, mainly near the marker mmc0523 at bin6.04 and the marker IDP8526 at bin10.04. QTL that located on chromosome 6 and 10, and that are stable in different environments and genetic backgrounds can be regarded as the target sites used for further fine mapping. They can also provide a valuable reference for marker-assisted selection of maize tassel color.
    Analysis of sugars and acid contents and its compositions in different ecological peach cultivar groups
    ZHU Geng-rui, WANG Xin-wei, CAO Ke, FANG Wei-chao, CHEN Chang-wen, WANG Li-rong
    2017,18(5):891-904, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2017.05.011
    [Abstract] (1897) [HTML] (0) [PDF 14.14 M] (20368)
    Abstract:
    Abstract: Studies were conducted on the distributions of sugar and acids contents of 118 doses of peach accessions, which contain six cultivar groups in China, for providing reliable evidences of high quality peach breeding selection. In this study Soluble sugar was detected by fehling reagent. Titratable acidity was detected by NaOH.Sugar and organic acid compositions in 295 peach accessions were detected using the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Result:1) Cultivars derived from Yunnan-Guizhou plateau, Southern China Contain high value of sugar compositions (fructose, sucrose), soluble sugar, total sugar, but those are low in cultivars of Northwest China. Cultivars of Changjiang River Region and Northeast China contain high value of fructose.Cultivars derived from North China Plain, Changjiang River Region and Southern China contain low value of titratable acidity , some acid compositions(citrale, quinate, malate) and total acid, but those are high in cultivars of Northwest China. Cultivars derived from North China Plain, Changjiang River Region and Southern China contain high value of SS/TA, SSC/TA and ‘Total sugar/ Total acid’, but those are low in cultivars of Northwest China, Yunnan-Guizhou plateau and Northeast China. 2) For sugar compositions in different cultivars, Ratio of ‘fructose to total sugar’ is the highest in Changjiang River Region cultivars, Northwest China cultivars have a high level of ‘glucose to total sugar’. The ratio of ‘sorbitol to total sugar’ is the highest in Southern China cultivars, but the Northest China cultivars have the lowest level. Ratio of ‘sucrose to total sugar’ have no significant difference in six ecological cultivar groups. For the analysis of acid compositions, Changjiang River Region cultivars have high level of citrale, but cultivars of Southern China have a lower level, which have the highest level of quinate. The ratios of succinic and malate acids have no significant difference in six ecological cultivar groups.
    Study on the Floral characteristics Characteristics and Sstructure in Two Types of Male Sterile Lines of Bbroccoli（Brassica oleracea var.italica）
    shu jin shuai, Liu Yumei, 方智远, 李占省, 孙培田, 杨丽梅, 张黎黎, 张扬勇, 庄木
    2014,15(1):113-119, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2014.01.015
    [Abstract] (3983) [HTML] (0) [PDF 7.81 M] (19823)
    Abstract:
    Broccoli is an important cruciferous vegetable, it has a good anti-cancer effect, with the expanding cultivation area of broccoli and the developing of anticancer drug, the demand for broccoli seeds are increasing. Using male sterile line to produce F1 generation seeds is an important way to utilize of heterosis, but the cytoplasmic male sterile lines commonly used in production have the problems of the buds death are heavier in the early, nectar volume is less and seeds production are low. Our group makes excellent broccoli inbred lines as male parent. cabbage dominant genic male sterility material 79-399-3 and cytoplasmic male sterile material OguraCMSR3 629 as the infertility sources, we have obtained multiple dominant genic male sterile lines and cytoplasmic male sterile lines of broccoli through backcrossing method, in order to further effectively use of broccoli male sterile lines and search for better infertility sources, The the differences of the bud death numbers, floral organ structure and number of or frequecing bees visiting flowers among dominant genic male sterile（DGMS）lines，cytoplasmic male sterile（CMS）lines and inbred lines of broccoli 8554, 8590 and 93219 were studied. The results showed that the differences of the bud length, bud diameter, death buds of single branch, corolla diameter, stamen length, anther length, petal length, the times of visiting bees, the number of visiting bees and the time of bees staying on the flower between DGMS and CMS of lines 8554, 8590 and 93219 were significant. On As athe whole, above characteristics in DGMS lines were significantly better than CMS lines.
    Crop gene pyramiding molecular breeding
    徐小万, 雷建军, 罗少波, 李颖, 王恒明
    2010,11(3):364-368, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2010.03.003
    [Abstract] (7559) [HTML] (0) [PDF 546.74 K] (18122)
    Abstract:
    Most agronomic charateristics and complex biosynthetic pathways are determined by the coordination of multiple gene expression ,and gene pyramiding molecular breeding combined with conventional breeding techniques have become the main means for the crop breeding.Gene pyramiding molecular breeding includes genetic transformation molecular breeding and marker-assisted selection molecular breeding. The research progress of crop genetic pyramiding molecular breeding in recent were reviewed. The research methods, the countermeasures on the existing problems of gene pyramiding molecular breeding were discussed and the prospects were described as well in this paper.
    Analysis on Genetic Diversity of Barbarea Vulgaris Germplasm Resources Based on Phenotypic Traits
    Liu Tongjin, , , , , and
    2015,16(3):528-534, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2015.03.014
    [Abstract] (3944) [HTML] (0) [PDF 19.71 M] (17464)
    Abstract:
    Barbarea vulgaris is an excellent cruciferous plant, particularly being ideal as a model species to study saponin biosynthesis, insect resistance, and coevolution of plants and insect pest. In order to make full use of B. vulgaris germplasm, the genetic diversity was analyzed among the 34 accessions conserved in the national mid-term gene bank for vegetables, based on the phenologic, morphological and insect resistance data from the field investigation. The results showed significant morphological diversity in B. vulgaris germplasm from Europe. Among the 34 accession, BV13-BAR13 bolted earliest, 47 days earlier than the latest bolting material (BV13-BAR9). Most of the B. vulgaris germplasm have glabrous leaves, strong tillering ability and more leaf numbers. The range and coefficient variation (CV) of the plant height, silique length and inflorescence length are the highest among all traits. Only 9 of 34 B. vulgaris are susceptible to the diamondback moth, most accessions are highly resistant to the pest. The clustering analysis showed that 34 accessions can be divided into 3 groups. The resistant and susceptible germplasm were distributed to different groups, reflecting their genetic relationships. Our research will provide useful materials and information for the genetic breeding of insect resistant B. Vulgaris and cruciferae crops.
    Composition Variation of High Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunits in the Doubling Haploids from Anther Culture and the Crossing Hybrids in Wheat
    Han Xiaofeng, Ye Xingguo, Liu Xiaolei, We Yiqin, Yan Yueming, Du Lipu
    2010,11(6):671-677, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2010.06.004
    [Abstract] (4970) [HTML] (0) [PDF 0.00 Byte] (17353)
    Abstract:
    High molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) in the doubling haploids from stable cultivars and the crossing hybrids between different varieties of common wheat were analyzed to explore the possibility of improving the subunit compositions by anther culture and commercial crossing. Double haploids from five wheat genotypes of Alondra, Orofen, Xinchun9, Verry, and Bainong3217 were obtained by anther culture, and different hybrids were made each other from different wheat lines with different HMW-GS constitutions such as Xingchun9, Jing771, CB037, CS, Ningchun4, Bobwhite, and yangmai12 by crossing. Then, SDS-PAGE was used to analyze the populations of the doubling haploids and the crossing hybrids for HMW-GS combinations. The results indicated that frequent variation of HMW-GS happened in the doubled haploids with a rate up to 61.8% in the test genotypes, among which Alondra and Bainong3217 gave higher variation frequency than other three varieties, and several subunits might be new ones which are not present in the corresponding wild types, but need to be identified further. Comparing with the donor lines, the typical double haploids varied in HMW-GS were not changed in main agronomic characteristics such as plant height, growth period, and grain weight. In most F1 hybrids, the expression of all HMW-GS appeared to be co-dominant, but the expression of one or two HMW-GSs was did found to be suppressed in a few F1 crosses. Cytoplasm of female parents was found to have some effect on the expression of very few subunits in a few crosses. At the same time, 2-3 possible new subunits that did not exist in the parents were observed in the two crosses, Ningchun4/CB037 and Jing771/Ningchun4. By continuous self-crossing and tracing of the new subunits, stable lines expressing the putative new subunits were obtained from the two crosses mentioned above. Variation of HMW-GSs constitution or new HMW-GS can be induced by anther culture and normal cross. Co-dominant of HMW-GS expression did not definitely exist in all F1 crosses. Cytoplasm did effect the expression of HMW-GS in some cases. The present study is theoretical and practical valuable for the improvement of wheat processing quality and the further understanding of the genetic and structural features of HMW-GSs encoding genes.
    The Wild Dactylis glomerata Germplasm Resources of Hengduan Mountains in Southwest China
    钟声, 黄梅芬, 段新慧
    2010,11(1):1-4, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2010.01.001
    [Abstract] (5453) [HTML] (0) [PDF 422.92 K] (17293)
    Abstract:
    Hengduan mountains lie in southwest of China,which is famous by the extending from south to north.There widely distribute wild Dactylis glomerata germplasm resources,which belongs to subspecies glomerata,and subspecies himalayensis.The distribution range of two subspecies is nearly the same,but much difference existed in the morphological characters and phenological development in two subspecies.Through hybridization of subspecies himalayensis and subspecies glomerata in artificial condition,triploid offspring may be obtained.But no definite evidence has been found that hybrid triploid offspring was existed by crossbreeding of two subspecies in natural condition.In recent decade years,many basal studies about the two subspecies have been done in China,but a few were about the protection and utilization.Thinking about the origin,it can be sure that subspecies himalayensis belong to natural origin ecotype,but subspecies glomerata was likely to belong to naturalization species.Because of the competing threat from the subspecies glomerata,it is necessary to reinforce the protection and utilization studies about the subspecies himalayensis.
    Diversity Analysis of Chinese Wild Grape Species
    chengdawei, jiangjianfu, fanxiucai, zhangying, , liuchonghuai
    2013,14(6):996-1012, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2013.06.003
    [Abstract] (4891) [HTML] (0) [PDF 18.28 M] (16985)
    Abstract:
    China is one of the major origin centres of Vitis species, and has lots of grape species and inherited resource in the world. There are 40 species, 1 subspecies and 13 varieties originated from China. According to the “description standard and data standard for grape (Vitis L.)”, taking a number of character index as a identification parameters, the genetic. diversity of 23 Chinese wild grape species were analysised by identifying botany characteristics and agronomic traits.The results showed that Chinese wild grape had rich diversity in main phenophase, young shoot down, young shoot color, blade shape, blade color, teeth, berry size, skin color, berry flavor, floral organs and so on, with abundant genetic diversity. It can provide reference for classification,evolution and breeding of vitis . It is suggested that “description standard and data standard for grape (Vitis L.)” for further revision and improvement, in order to adapt Chinese wild vitis resource diversity evaluation research.
    Investigation and Taxonomy of Wild Fragaria Resources in the South of Qinling Mountain in Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province of China
    GUO Rui-xue, CHENG Yuan-yi, XI Hui, XUE Li, LEI Jia-jun, WANG Lian-jun
    2022,23(5):1393-1399, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220225002
    [Abstract] (539) [HTML] (0) [PDF 44.50 M] (16762)
    Abstract:
    To understand the genus Fragaria resources distributed in the south of Qinling Mountain in Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province of China, the wild strawberries were surveyed during 2019-2021 (latitude, 32°49′46″ to 33°19′38″; longitude, 106°09′23″ to 106°40′23″). The investigation sites include eight villages of three counties (Mengjiahe Village and Wangjiazhuang Village in Lueyang County; Erliba Village and Dashuya Village in Ningqiang County; Liziba Village, Lijiagou Village, Qiuqiya Village and Toudaohe Village in Mi'an County). A total of 57 wild strawberry accessions were collected in this survey. These accessions were identified and classified into three Fragaria species including Fragaria nilgerrensis Schlect., F. chinensis Lozinsk. and F. pentaphylla Lozinsk. (white-fruited), and two types including F. pentaphylla pink-fruited genotype and F. pentaphylla red-fruited genotype through botanical character observation and ploidy identification. Among them, F. pentaphylla was found to be predominant in population. These wild strawberries were found in the vertical space of 849 - 1352 m above sea level, such as mountains, forests, streams, roadsides, barren fields and rock walls. We provided the characters of the collected Fragaria species in detail, and proposed the suggestions on the protection and utilization of local wild strawberry resources.
    Phenotype Analysis and Low-resolution Mapping of a Stripe-Leaf Mutant t122 in Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica L.)
    ZHANG Shuo, ZHI Hui, ZHANG Wei, TANG Chan-juan, LUO Ming-zhao, TANG Sha, JIA Guan-qing, JIA Yan-chao, LIU Gang, HUANG Zhi-mou, CAI Hai-ya, JIAO Chun-hai, DIAO Xian-min
    2022,23(4):1076-1084, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220211001
    [Abstract] (351) [HTML] (0) [PDF 36.21 M] (16683)
    Abstract:
    Leaf color is usually determined by the number, structure, and photosynthetic characters of the chloroplast. Isolation of the functional genes in leaf discoloration mutants of the C4 model plant foxtail millet and deciphering their functions is a way to disclose the regulation mechanism of C4 plant chloroplast biogenesis, development and photosynthesis. In this study, a stripe-leaf mutant t122 was identified from the EMS-induced mutant library of the foxtail millet variety Yugu1. The mutant t122 was observed with developmental retardation, and irregular white stripes on leaves. In contrast to the wild type, the significant decrease on the plant height, leaf length, leaf width, main panicle diameter, main panicle weight, and seed setting rate was observed in t122 mutant, whereas an increase on the panicle number per plant was detected. The photosynthetic capacity of t122 was impaired. By the leaf anatomy analysis, no significant difference in the distance between leaf veins, the number of cell layers between vascular bundles, and the cross-sectional cell area of leaves was observed in t122; however, an increased on the leaf cell length was detected. The ultrastructural observation of chloroplasts showed that, in t122 the chloroplasts showing functional structure were only detected in subsets of leaf cells. The segregation analysis suggested that the stripe-leaf trait of t122 was controlled by a single recessive nuclei-encoding gene. Using the method of MutMap, the candidate gene was mapped to the region of 24.0 Mb - 30.0 Mb on chromosome 3. Collectively, these results laid a good foundation for future cloning and functional characterization of the stripe-leaf gene in foxtail millet.
    Advances in Genetics and breeding of High oleic acid peanut
    陈 静
    2011,12(2):190-196, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2011.02.009
    [Abstract] (5665) [HTML] (0) [PDF 503.46 K] (16675)
    Abstract:
    Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) is an important oilseed and economic crop in China. Oleic content and linoleic content of peanut seed add up to 80%. Oleic acid is an important factor that affects physical and chemical stability and nutritional value of peanut oil. Breeding peanut variety with high oleic content is an important breeding objective of peanut quality to promote international competitiveness and meet domestic consumption demand since 2000. Increasing oleic content in peanut significantly improves the nutritional quality. In this paper, we summarize mutants of high oleic peanut, the genetic characteristics of high oleic acid content and analyse pedigree relationship of high oleic acid peanut varieties and developing methods. Our purpose is to improve high oleic breeding of China peanut.
    Molecular Mechanism and Application of HSP90 in Plants
    Qi Yan and
    2013,14(1):111-116, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2013.01.017
    [Abstract] (4525) [HTML] (0) [PDF 0.00 Byte] (16434)
    Abstract:
    Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) widely mediated stress signal transduction, and plays an important role in the control of normal growth of human cells and in the promoting tumor cell development. At present, HSP90 has become forefront projects of cellular immunity, signal transduction and anti-cancer investigation. The physiological function of HSP90 start later in plant than in animal and fungi. Recent researches revealed that plant HSP90 plays an important role in development, environmental stress response and disease resistance. This paper discussed the molecular functions of HSP90, and systematically reviews latest progresses on molecular mechanism of plant HSP90 as well as improvement of plant resistance to facalitate broaden work.

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