2025-4-5- 12
Volume 26,2025 Issue 4
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- Featured Articles
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- Construction of the EMS Mutagenesis Library for Industrial Hemp and Expression of Genes Related to Cannabinoid Biosynthesis
- Evaluation of Resistant to Brown Rot in Peach Fruits for 150 Peach Germplasm Resources
- Salt Tolerance Identification and GWAS Analysis of Shanxi Foxtail Millet during Germination Stage
- Quality Characteristics Diversity of Wheat Germplasm Resources in Henan Province
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- Analysis of New Blueberry Varieties and Breeding Trends in the World in Recent 30 Years
- Standard Technical Regulations for Evaluating Drought Resistance of Rice Germplasm in the Field During Whole Growth Periods
- Molecular Mapping of a Novel Yellow Leaf Locus in Wheat
- Standard Technical Regulations for Evaluating Drought Resistance of Rice Germplasm in the Field at Seedling Stage
Discovery and Study of A Green Pericarp Germplasm in Rice
Genome-wide signatures of the geographic expansion and breeding of soybean
Genetic Diversity Analysis and Fingerprinting of Chestnut Varieties Based on Phenotypic Traits and SSR Markers
Survey and Collection of Wild Fagopyrum. cymosum Germplasm Resources in China
A transcriptional regulator that boosts grain yields and shortens the growth duration of rice- Discovery and Study of A Green Pericarp Germplasm in Rice
- Genome-wide signatures of the geographic expansion and breeding of soybean
The Journal of Plant Genetic Resources is a bimonthly academic journal co-sponsored by the Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,and China Association of Agricultural Science Societies .Tt is the only journal in China that mainly introduces plant genetic resources. Founded in 2000, officially launched in 2003, quarterly from 2000 to 2009, and bimonthly in 2010.
The contents of the report are field, horticultural crops, ornamental and medicinal plants, basic research on plant genetic resources, research results in applied research, innovative academic papers, and high-level reviews or reviews of forest plants, grass plants and all their economic plants. For example, the investigation, collection, preservation, evaluation, utilization, innovation, Informatics, management, etc. of germplasm resources; Systems of origin, evolution, classification, etc.; Gene excavation, identification, cloning, establishment of gene libraries, and research on genetic diversity.
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2025,26(4):611-621
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240816002
Abstract:
Timely seed dormancy and germination ensures that plants could successively survive and subsequently propagate under various environmental conditions， which is precisely regulated by endogenous phytohormones and exogenous environmental factors. In recent years， significant progress has been made in the regulation of seed dormancy and germination by abscisic acid （ABA） and gibberellin （GA）， particularly with regard to the interaction between them. This article elaborates the molecular mechanisms underlying seed dormancy and germination regulated by the metabolism and signal transduction of ABA and GA at the transcriptional and post-translational levels. It further explores the antagonistic effects and interactions in mediating seed dormancy and germination between ABA and GA. Lastly， it comprehensively summarizes the research progress on the regulatory mechanisms by which the metabolism and signaling pathway of ABA and GA finely regulate seed dormancy and germination in response to external light and temperature signals. The aim of this review is to provide a better understanding of the hormone regulatory network of seed dormancy and germination and theoretical references for future in-depth studies on the mechanisms of seed dormancy and germination regulation by ABA and GA.
Timely seed dormancy and germination ensures that plants could successively survive and subsequently propagate under various environmental conditions， which is precisely regulated by endogenous phytohormones and exogenous environmental factors. In recent years， significant progress has been made in the regulation of seed dormancy and germination by abscisic acid （ABA） and gibberellin （GA）， particularly with regard to the interaction between them. This article elaborates the molecular mechanisms underlying seed dormancy and germination regulated by the metabolism and signal transduction of ABA and GA at the transcriptional and post-translational levels. It further explores the antagonistic effects and interactions in mediating seed dormancy and germination between ABA and GA. Lastly， it comprehensively summarizes the research progress on the regulatory mechanisms by which the metabolism and signaling pathway of ABA and GA finely regulate seed dormancy and germination in response to external light and temperature signals. The aim of this review is to provide a better understanding of the hormone regulatory network of seed dormancy and germination and theoretical references for future in-depth studies on the mechanisms of seed dormancy and germination regulation by ABA and GA.
2025,26(4):622-632
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240803001
Abstract:
Brassica oleracea vegetables, a group of leafy crops encompassing cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, kohlrabi, brussels sprout, and kale, face persistent challenges in production and breeding, including premature bolting and asynchronous flowering between two parents. Improving bolting resistance by molecular design breeding strategies holds significant promise. However, the genetic complexity underlying flowering regulation in B. oleracea is compounded by the diverse flowering mechanisms across subspecies and fragmented knowledge of associated regulatory genes. This review concludes optimal environmental conditions for flowering of B. oleracea vegetables and summarizes genes and variants for flowering pathways which are mainly involved in gibberellin pathway, vernalization, and photoperiodic responses on the basis of five main flower regulation pathways in higher plants. The prospect of the follow-up research on the regulation of bolting and flowering of cabbage vegetables is also suggested. A conceptual gene interaction network that integrates key regulators of bolting and flowering of B. oleracea vegetables is proposed, providing a valuable reference for improving bolting resistance of B. oleracea vegetables.
Brassica oleracea vegetables, a group of leafy crops encompassing cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, kohlrabi, brussels sprout, and kale, face persistent challenges in production and breeding, including premature bolting and asynchronous flowering between two parents. Improving bolting resistance by molecular design breeding strategies holds significant promise. However, the genetic complexity underlying flowering regulation in B. oleracea is compounded by the diverse flowering mechanisms across subspecies and fragmented knowledge of associated regulatory genes. This review concludes optimal environmental conditions for flowering of B. oleracea vegetables and summarizes genes and variants for flowering pathways which are mainly involved in gibberellin pathway, vernalization, and photoperiodic responses on the basis of five main flower regulation pathways in higher plants. The prospect of the follow-up research on the regulation of bolting and flowering of cabbage vegetables is also suggested. A conceptual gene interaction network that integrates key regulators of bolting and flowering of B. oleracea vegetables is proposed, providing a valuable reference for improving bolting resistance of B. oleracea vegetables.
2025,26(4):633-645
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240716001
Abstract:
From 2021 to 2023， the Office of the Third National Crop Germplasm Resources Census and Collection Action in Henan province carried out a comprehensive survey and collection of crop germplasm resources in 128 counties（cities） in the Henan province， P.R. China. A total of 120 rice planting information were collected， 37 rice germplasm resources were collected， and 33 of them were investigated and identified. The rice planting in Henan showed some trends of concentrated planting area， increased planting area and sharp decrease of local varieties. The collected rice germplasm resources were mainly from the northern and southern Henan rice areas. 63.64% of them were planted at an altitude of 50-100 m. Phenotypic character identification showed that japonica rice was more than indica rice， lowland rice was more than upland rice， nonglutinous rice was more than glutinous rice， fragrant rice and colored rice accounted for 27.27% and 21.21% of the total resources， respectively. The phenotypic traits of resources were rich in diversity. Most germplasms showed that the plant height was between 100.1-120.0 cm， the culm was erect and length was between 80.1-100.0 cm， green leaf sheath color and leaf blade color， double-lobed ligule shape， erect flag leaf and last second leaf， the flag leaf length was 25.1-30.0 cm and 40.1-45.0 cm， the flag leaf width was 1.51-1.75 cm， well exserted panicle extraction， intermediate panicle type， the panicle length was 15.1-30.0 cm， curved shape of panicle after maturity， multiple branches of secondary branches in panicle， awnless grain， yellow and hairy glume. Based on the phenotype，six excellent rice germplasm resources were screened out ， including Xixianxiangdaowan No.1， Sanlicun， Hanxiang No.1 F11， Maopuruandao， Heixiangnuo， Lvmi. In conclusion， this study would provide a scientific basis for the effective protection and utilization of Henan rice germplasm resources.
From 2021 to 2023， the Office of the Third National Crop Germplasm Resources Census and Collection Action in Henan province carried out a comprehensive survey and collection of crop germplasm resources in 128 counties（cities） in the Henan province， P.R. China. A total of 120 rice planting information were collected， 37 rice germplasm resources were collected， and 33 of them were investigated and identified. The rice planting in Henan showed some trends of concentrated planting area， increased planting area and sharp decrease of local varieties. The collected rice germplasm resources were mainly from the northern and southern Henan rice areas. 63.64% of them were planted at an altitude of 50-100 m. Phenotypic character identification showed that japonica rice was more than indica rice， lowland rice was more than upland rice， nonglutinous rice was more than glutinous rice， fragrant rice and colored rice accounted for 27.27% and 21.21% of the total resources， respectively. The phenotypic traits of resources were rich in diversity. Most germplasms showed that the plant height was between 100.1-120.0 cm， the culm was erect and length was between 80.1-100.0 cm， green leaf sheath color and leaf blade color， double-lobed ligule shape， erect flag leaf and last second leaf， the flag leaf length was 25.1-30.0 cm and 40.1-45.0 cm， the flag leaf width was 1.51-1.75 cm， well exserted panicle extraction， intermediate panicle type， the panicle length was 15.1-30.0 cm， curved shape of panicle after maturity， multiple branches of secondary branches in panicle， awnless grain， yellow and hairy glume. Based on the phenotype，six excellent rice germplasm resources were screened out ， including Xixianxiangdaowan No.1， Sanlicun， Hanxiang No.1 F11， Maopuruandao， Heixiangnuo， Lvmi. In conclusion， this study would provide a scientific basis for the effective protection and utilization of Henan rice germplasm resources.
2025,26(4):646-655
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240816003
Abstract:
The main agronomic traits and disease resistance of 225 rice germplasm resources collected during 'The Third General Survey and Collection Action of Crop Germplasm Resources in Hunan Province' project （hereinafter referred to as ‘Hunan Province Third Census’） were identified and evaluated. This collection predominantly comprised indica subspecies accounting for 94.2%， and exhibited nearly equal proportions of sticky rice （53.8%） and waxy rice （46.2%） accessions. The remarkable diversity on seed color， including white， black， red， purple， green and brown， with 41 accessions exhibiting pigmented rice traits， were observed. Their genetic variations are abundant， with coefficients of variation ranging from 6.47% to 52.54%. Most accessions showed favorable agronomic characteristics， including lodging resistance， moderate stem angle， erect flag leaf， yellow glume tip， yellow glume color， awnless and medium-long grain shape. Fourteen accessions were identified with optimal growth duration ranging from 110 to 130 days， suitable plant height （110 to 140 cm）， high seed setting rate （>90%）， strong disease resistance （medium resistance or higher）， large panicle size （≥200 grains per panicle）， and favorable 1000-grain weight （≥30 g）. Meanwhile， 13 and 20 accessions showing waxy and pigmented coloration， respectively， were identified. These germplasm resources serve as raw materials supporting the academic research and breeding for new varieties in rice.
The main agronomic traits and disease resistance of 225 rice germplasm resources collected during 'The Third General Survey and Collection Action of Crop Germplasm Resources in Hunan Province' project （hereinafter referred to as ‘Hunan Province Third Census’） were identified and evaluated. This collection predominantly comprised indica subspecies accounting for 94.2%， and exhibited nearly equal proportions of sticky rice （53.8%） and waxy rice （46.2%） accessions. The remarkable diversity on seed color， including white， black， red， purple， green and brown， with 41 accessions exhibiting pigmented rice traits， were observed. Their genetic variations are abundant， with coefficients of variation ranging from 6.47% to 52.54%. Most accessions showed favorable agronomic characteristics， including lodging resistance， moderate stem angle， erect flag leaf， yellow glume tip， yellow glume color， awnless and medium-long grain shape. Fourteen accessions were identified with optimal growth duration ranging from 110 to 130 days， suitable plant height （110 to 140 cm）， high seed setting rate （>90%）， strong disease resistance （medium resistance or higher）， large panicle size （≥200 grains per panicle）， and favorable 1000-grain weight （≥30 g）. Meanwhile， 13 and 20 accessions showing waxy and pigmented coloration， respectively， were identified. These germplasm resources serve as raw materials supporting the academic research and breeding for new varieties in rice.
2025,26(4):656-671
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240809003
Abstract:
To identify high-quality cotton varieties with superior agronomic performance， a three-year comparative trial was conducted using 24 early and early-mid maturing upland cotton varieties. Multiple statistical analysis， including correlation analysis， principal component analysis （PAC）， clustering， and gray correlation analysis， were employed to evaluate phenotypic traits. The results show that the coefficient of variation across the three years study ranged from 0.21% to 4.18%， with 2022 exhibiting the highest variability， particularly in the number of bolls per plant and single boll weight. Trait association analysis revealed 17 significant and 37 highly significant correlations， suggesting complex interactions between agronomic traits， yield components， and fiber quality parameters. Fiber quality traits showed stronger inter-trait correlations than other trait combinations. PCA revealed four principal components accounting for 77.98% of the variability. Based on the affiliation function， gray correlation model and AHP model， an integrated evaluation system was developed. This system identified superior cultivars， such as Jinfeng 6， J8031， and Xinnongda Cotton 1， based on their comprehensive performance metrics. The comprehensive evaluation system was validated within a panel of 283 upland cotton germplasm resources and 416 self-bred elite lines. Through this screening process， high-quality materials such as A191， A110， Y228， Y210， and Y297 were identified， along with materials with poorer overall performance， including A241， A39， Y110， Y366， and Y329. Practical field tests confirmed that the evaluation results were consistent with the actual performance in the field， demonstrating that the evaluation system has a solid foundation for further promotion.
To identify high-quality cotton varieties with superior agronomic performance， a three-year comparative trial was conducted using 24 early and early-mid maturing upland cotton varieties. Multiple statistical analysis， including correlation analysis， principal component analysis （PAC）， clustering， and gray correlation analysis， were employed to evaluate phenotypic traits. The results show that the coefficient of variation across the three years study ranged from 0.21% to 4.18%， with 2022 exhibiting the highest variability， particularly in the number of bolls per plant and single boll weight. Trait association analysis revealed 17 significant and 37 highly significant correlations， suggesting complex interactions between agronomic traits， yield components， and fiber quality parameters. Fiber quality traits showed stronger inter-trait correlations than other trait combinations. PCA revealed four principal components accounting for 77.98% of the variability. Based on the affiliation function， gray correlation model and AHP model， an integrated evaluation system was developed. This system identified superior cultivars， such as Jinfeng 6， J8031， and Xinnongda Cotton 1， based on their comprehensive performance metrics. The comprehensive evaluation system was validated within a panel of 283 upland cotton germplasm resources and 416 self-bred elite lines. Through this screening process， high-quality materials such as A191， A110， Y228， Y210， and Y297 were identified， along with materials with poorer overall performance， including A241， A39， Y110， Y366， and Y329. Practical field tests confirmed that the evaluation results were consistent with the actual performance in the field， demonstrating that the evaluation system has a solid foundation for further promotion.
2025,26(4):672-682
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240818002
Abstract:
The salt tolerance of mung bean at germination stage is an important index for its utilization in saline-alkali soil. Identification of germplasm with high salt tolerance at germination stage can improve the utilization rate of salinization land. In the present study， based the pre-experiment， we selected 1.2% NaCl as the best solution for identification of 769 mung bean accessions at their germination stage， by measuring germination rate（GR）， germination potential（GP）， germination index（GI）， relative salt damage rate and other indexes through hydroponic experiments. The results showed that the average germination rate of mung bean germplasm under 1.2% NaCl salt stress was 52.9%. Among different regions， the average germination rate of resouces from East Asia is the highest （66.5%）， while it is the highest from Northeast China （57.4%）. The degree of variation in germination potential is the highest among all indexes under salt stress （CV： 58.0%）， particularly the germplasm from the North China region， its coefficient of variation reached 63.2%. Among germplasm with different coat colors， the salt tolerance of brown-grained germplasm was notably weaker than that of other colored seeds， while the mung bean germplasm with luster seed coat had significantly greater tolerance than the dull-surfaced resources. The analysis revealed a significant correlation between the 100-seed weight and their salt tolerance， with germplasm weighing less than 3 g showing a marked decrease in salt tolerance. This study offer data support for the selection of salt-tolerant germplasm and variety breeding in mung bean.
The salt tolerance of mung bean at germination stage is an important index for its utilization in saline-alkali soil. Identification of germplasm with high salt tolerance at germination stage can improve the utilization rate of salinization land. In the present study， based the pre-experiment， we selected 1.2% NaCl as the best solution for identification of 769 mung bean accessions at their germination stage， by measuring germination rate（GR）， germination potential（GP）， germination index（GI）， relative salt damage rate and other indexes through hydroponic experiments. The results showed that the average germination rate of mung bean germplasm under 1.2% NaCl salt stress was 52.9%. Among different regions， the average germination rate of resouces from East Asia is the highest （66.5%）， while it is the highest from Northeast China （57.4%）. The degree of variation in germination potential is the highest among all indexes under salt stress （CV： 58.0%）， particularly the germplasm from the North China region， its coefficient of variation reached 63.2%. Among germplasm with different coat colors， the salt tolerance of brown-grained germplasm was notably weaker than that of other colored seeds， while the mung bean germplasm with luster seed coat had significantly greater tolerance than the dull-surfaced resources. The analysis revealed a significant correlation between the 100-seed weight and their salt tolerance， with germplasm weighing less than 3 g showing a marked decrease in salt tolerance. This study offer data support for the selection of salt-tolerant germplasm and variety breeding in mung bean.
2025,26(4):683-692
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240729001
Abstract:
This study evaluated three commercial quality traits and five nutritional quality traits across 100 vegetable pea germplasm accessions of both domestic and foreign origins. The analysis focused on trait characteristics， genetic variation， and inter-trait correlations. Additionally， genetic differentiation between two populations， green peas and snow peas， classified based on their edible organs， was investigated. A comprehensive evaluation and cluster analysis were conducted using the eight quality traits. The results revealed significant variation among the germplasm for these traits， with coefficients of variation ranging from 4.85% to 95.04%. Soluble protein content exhibited the greatest variation， whereas water content showed the least. The genetic diversity index ranged from 1.33 to 2.03， with soluble sugar content displaying the highest diversity and soluble protein content showing lower diversity. The broad heritability ranged from 90.38% to 99.77%， all exceeding 90%， indicating that genetic factors predominantly account for the observed phenotypic variations. Twelve pairs of traits exhibited highly significant correlations， including a strong positive correlation （R=0.75） between total amino acid content and water content， and a negative correlation （R=-0.49） between total amino acid content and soluble protein content. The genetic differentiation coefficients between two populations ranged from 6.01% to 92.45%， with vitamin C content showing the highest differentiation and water content showing no significant differentiation. Cluster analysis classified this collection into three distnct groups. Green pea varieties were predominantly clustered in group II， while most snow pea varieties were grouped in group I. A unique cluster， group III， consisted five trait-specific snow pea varieties， highlighting the genetic relationships among the accessions. Based on trait characteristics and analytical findings， several high-quality green pea varieties were identified， including WD-123 （Zhongwan No.9）， WD-135 （Mizhen Pea）， and WD-147 （Qizhen 76）. Notably， WD-123 exhibited a remarkably high soluble protein content （73.26 mg/g）. Similarly， high-quality snow pea varieties like WD-057 （2015-11）， WD-072 （Mapi Pea）， and WD-112 （2015-44） were identified， with WD-072 showing an exceptional vitamin C content of 199.64 mg/kg. The genetic variation characteristics of pea quality traits and the genetic relationships among germplasm revealed provide valuable high-quality germplasm and a technical basis for the cultivation and subsequent genetic breeding of vegetable pea varieties.
This study evaluated three commercial quality traits and five nutritional quality traits across 100 vegetable pea germplasm accessions of both domestic and foreign origins. The analysis focused on trait characteristics， genetic variation， and inter-trait correlations. Additionally， genetic differentiation between two populations， green peas and snow peas， classified based on their edible organs， was investigated. A comprehensive evaluation and cluster analysis were conducted using the eight quality traits. The results revealed significant variation among the germplasm for these traits， with coefficients of variation ranging from 4.85% to 95.04%. Soluble protein content exhibited the greatest variation， whereas water content showed the least. The genetic diversity index ranged from 1.33 to 2.03， with soluble sugar content displaying the highest diversity and soluble protein content showing lower diversity. The broad heritability ranged from 90.38% to 99.77%， all exceeding 90%， indicating that genetic factors predominantly account for the observed phenotypic variations. Twelve pairs of traits exhibited highly significant correlations， including a strong positive correlation （R=0.75） between total amino acid content and water content， and a negative correlation （R=-0.49） between total amino acid content and soluble protein content. The genetic differentiation coefficients between two populations ranged from 6.01% to 92.45%， with vitamin C content showing the highest differentiation and water content showing no significant differentiation. Cluster analysis classified this collection into three distnct groups. Green pea varieties were predominantly clustered in group II， while most snow pea varieties were grouped in group I. A unique cluster， group III， consisted five trait-specific snow pea varieties， highlighting the genetic relationships among the accessions. Based on trait characteristics and analytical findings， several high-quality green pea varieties were identified， including WD-123 （Zhongwan No.9）， WD-135 （Mizhen Pea）， and WD-147 （Qizhen 76）. Notably， WD-123 exhibited a remarkably high soluble protein content （73.26 mg/g）. Similarly， high-quality snow pea varieties like WD-057 （2015-11）， WD-072 （Mapi Pea）， and WD-112 （2015-44） were identified， with WD-072 showing an exceptional vitamin C content of 199.64 mg/kg. The genetic variation characteristics of pea quality traits and the genetic relationships among germplasm revealed provide valuable high-quality germplasm and a technical basis for the cultivation and subsequent genetic breeding of vegetable pea varieties.
CHEN Xinru, SHI Meijuan, WANG Yaxing, REN Haiyan, XUE Xiaofang, SU Wanlong, LIU Li, ZHAO Ailing, WANG Yongkang, LI Dengke, LI Yi
2025,26(4):693-707
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240706001
Abstract:
197 dry jujube germplasm accessions were applied in this study， a evaluation system was developed through of physical， appearance， and intrinsic quality traits， with 22 quality traits initially considered. Key indices were selected to construct the evaluation framework， and a combined approach of hierarchical analysis and gray correlation analysis were deployed to thoroughly analyze and comprehensively evaluate the fruit quality of dry jujube germplasm. Superior germplasm was identified based on weight and weighted correlation values.The results revealed significant variability in physical， appearance， and internal quality traits， with coefficients of variation ranging from 5.687% to 68.430%. Various correlations were observed among the quality traits. A significant negative correlation was observed between the adhesion of fresh jujube fruits and the chewiness of dried jujube fruits. To systematically evaluate the fruit quality traits of dried jujube germplasm， a comprehensive evaluation model was constructed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP）. Combining the results of correlation analysis， seven key traits included dried jujube chewiness， dried jujube fruit weight， dried jujube haedness， dried jujube peel flat range， dried jujube fruit color， dried jujube total soluble sugar content and dried jujube soluble solid content were contentidentified as primary indicators for assessing dried jujube fruit quality. The quality of 197 samples was systematically evaluated， leading to the identification of 15 accessions with outstanding comprehensive quality for dried jujube production.
197 dry jujube germplasm accessions were applied in this study， a evaluation system was developed through of physical， appearance， and intrinsic quality traits， with 22 quality traits initially considered. Key indices were selected to construct the evaluation framework， and a combined approach of hierarchical analysis and gray correlation analysis were deployed to thoroughly analyze and comprehensively evaluate the fruit quality of dry jujube germplasm. Superior germplasm was identified based on weight and weighted correlation values.The results revealed significant variability in physical， appearance， and internal quality traits， with coefficients of variation ranging from 5.687% to 68.430%. Various correlations were observed among the quality traits. A significant negative correlation was observed between the adhesion of fresh jujube fruits and the chewiness of dried jujube fruits. To systematically evaluate the fruit quality traits of dried jujube germplasm， a comprehensive evaluation model was constructed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP）. Combining the results of correlation analysis， seven key traits included dried jujube chewiness， dried jujube fruit weight， dried jujube haedness， dried jujube peel flat range， dried jujube fruit color， dried jujube total soluble sugar content and dried jujube soluble solid content were contentidentified as primary indicators for assessing dried jujube fruit quality. The quality of 197 samples was systematically evaluated， leading to the identification of 15 accessions with outstanding comprehensive quality for dried jujube production.
2025,26(4):708-718
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240705001
Abstract:
60 Carya hunanensis germplasm resources were selected from the core distribution area of Carya hunanensis as the research object to determine their fruit economic traits， and the germplasm with excellent comprehensive performance was obtained by genetic variation， type division and comprehensive evaluation and screening of the economic traits of Carya hunanensis fruit by variation analysis， cluster analysis and principal component analysis， in order to provide a theoretical foundation for cultivar selection and utilization of Carya hunanensis germplasm resources.The results revealed substantial variation in fruit economic traits， with coefficients of variation ranging from 5.42% to 35.05% across 20 fruit economic traits. Notably， linoleic acid， linolenic acid， thickness of green skin and dry kernel weight exhibited particularly high variability. Cluster analysis delineated three distinct groups： group I， characterized by early to late September maturation， displayed flattened round fruits with smaller size but highest kernel oil content and elecated polyunsaturated fatty acid levels； group II， maturing from mid-August to mid-September， produced larger， round fruits with thicker shells and green skin， along with highest monounsaturated fatty acid content； group III， with a maturation period for late August to mid-September， featured broadly oval fruits with thinner shell and superior dry kernel yield. Principal component analysis identified six major components accounting for 87.85% of cumulative variance. The comprehensive evaluation scores （F） for fruit economic traits ranged from -0.72 to 1.19， with superior trees numbered No. 8， No. 15， No. 6， No. 7， and No. 9. Individual trait analysis revealed outstanding specimens， including No. 31 with the heaviest green fruit， No. 46 with the thinnest green peel， No. 6 with the highest kernel oil content， No. 16 with maximal oleic acid content， and No. 11 with the highest linolenic acid content.
60 Carya hunanensis germplasm resources were selected from the core distribution area of Carya hunanensis as the research object to determine their fruit economic traits， and the germplasm with excellent comprehensive performance was obtained by genetic variation， type division and comprehensive evaluation and screening of the economic traits of Carya hunanensis fruit by variation analysis， cluster analysis and principal component analysis， in order to provide a theoretical foundation for cultivar selection and utilization of Carya hunanensis germplasm resources.The results revealed substantial variation in fruit economic traits， with coefficients of variation ranging from 5.42% to 35.05% across 20 fruit economic traits. Notably， linoleic acid， linolenic acid， thickness of green skin and dry kernel weight exhibited particularly high variability. Cluster analysis delineated three distinct groups： group I， characterized by early to late September maturation， displayed flattened round fruits with smaller size but highest kernel oil content and elecated polyunsaturated fatty acid levels； group II， maturing from mid-August to mid-September， produced larger， round fruits with thicker shells and green skin， along with highest monounsaturated fatty acid content； group III， with a maturation period for late August to mid-September， featured broadly oval fruits with thinner shell and superior dry kernel yield. Principal component analysis identified six major components accounting for 87.85% of cumulative variance. The comprehensive evaluation scores （F） for fruit economic traits ranged from -0.72 to 1.19， with superior trees numbered No. 8， No. 15， No. 6， No. 7， and No. 9. Individual trait analysis revealed outstanding specimens， including No. 31 with the heaviest green fruit， No. 46 with the thinnest green peel， No. 6 with the highest kernel oil content， No. 16 with maximal oleic acid content， and No. 11 with the highest linolenic acid content.
DONG Zhanghong, JIANG Hua, YANG Liying, ZHANG Wei, DUAN Shengzhi, YANG Taoming, ZHAO Jiangping, LI Guilin, ZHANG Manchang
2025,26(4):719-730
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240807001
Abstract:
To comprehensively explore the germplasm resources of Terminalia chebula Retz.， this study selected 240 candidate individual plants from the Nujiang River Basin for analysis. Nineteen fruit traits were assessed， and variation and correlation analyses were performed. Superior individual plants were identified through principal component analysis （PCA）， the affiliation function method， and a multidimensional coordinate synthesis method. The results demonstrated substantial variation in the fruit traits of T. chebula， with coefficients of variation ranging from 0.03 to 0.78 and an average of 0.21. Gallic acid content exhibited the highest variability， followed by pulp weight， total phenols， fruit weight， and kernel weight. In contrast， traits such as the fruit shape index， water extract， edible rate， and moisture content showed relative limited variation. The edible rate displayed an extremely significant positive correlation with soluble solids and total acid， as well as significant positive correlations with water extract， total phenols， and gallic acid content. These findings highlight the edible rate as a critical indicator for the selection of superior T. chebula individuals. Moreover， extremely significant positive correlation were observed among total sugar， total acid， total phenols， and soluble solids. PCA of the 19 traits yielded five principal components， collectively accounting for 74.444% of the cumulative variance. Nine exceptional elite plants were identified， with the following serial numbers： BB01， BB13， JZS22， MC18， MC20， MCC12， MK08， MK12， and SJK08. These results offer a scientific foundation for the selection and development of improved varieties of T. chebula， holding significant practical value for future cultivation and resource utilization.
To comprehensively explore the germplasm resources of Terminalia chebula Retz.， this study selected 240 candidate individual plants from the Nujiang River Basin for analysis. Nineteen fruit traits were assessed， and variation and correlation analyses were performed. Superior individual plants were identified through principal component analysis （PCA）， the affiliation function method， and a multidimensional coordinate synthesis method. The results demonstrated substantial variation in the fruit traits of T. chebula， with coefficients of variation ranging from 0.03 to 0.78 and an average of 0.21. Gallic acid content exhibited the highest variability， followed by pulp weight， total phenols， fruit weight， and kernel weight. In contrast， traits such as the fruit shape index， water extract， edible rate， and moisture content showed relative limited variation. The edible rate displayed an extremely significant positive correlation with soluble solids and total acid， as well as significant positive correlations with water extract， total phenols， and gallic acid content. These findings highlight the edible rate as a critical indicator for the selection of superior T. chebula individuals. Moreover， extremely significant positive correlation were observed among total sugar， total acid， total phenols， and soluble solids. PCA of the 19 traits yielded five principal components， collectively accounting for 74.444% of the cumulative variance. Nine exceptional elite plants were identified， with the following serial numbers： BB01， BB13， JZS22， MC18， MC20， MCC12， MK08， MK12， and SJK08. These results offer a scientific foundation for the selection and development of improved varieties of T. chebula， holding significant practical value for future cultivation and resource utilization.
2025,26(4):731-746
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240818001
Abstract:
To address the shortage of locally suitable varieties and elite sorghum ［Sorghum bicolor （L.） Moench］ germplasm resources in Jiangsu's sorghum industry， the genetic variation of 400 accessions from local and global was comprehensively analyzed in northern Jiangsu， followed by statistical analysis including the Shannon-Weaver genetic diversity index， correlation analysis， cluster analysis and principal component analysis. The results showed that these accessions exhibited rich genetic diversity. Among them， the genetic diversity indices （H′ values） of the qualitative traits， such as coleoptile color， leaf color of seedling， medium vein color， panicle type， panicle shape， glume color， grain color， tillering and grain covering， were 1.0366， 0.2235， 0.6631， 1.3980， 0.9619， 1.7641， 1.7039， 1.0631 and 0.9908， respectively. In contrast， the H′ values of quantitative traits， such as period of duration， plant height， stem diameter， main panicle length， peduncle length， grain weight per spike， thousand-grain weight， glume seed percentage， and endosperm corneous were all relatively higher， showing 2.0479， 1.9254， 2.0472， 1.9822， 2.0531， 2.0314， 2.0693， 1.4375， and 1.9265， respectively. Correlation analysis revealed that plant height was significantly positively correlated with the period of duration， panicle length， peduncle length， grain weight per spike， glume seed percentage， but significantly negatively correlated with thousand-grain weight. Grain weight per spike was significantly positively correlated with period of duration and thousand-grain weight. Panicle length was significantly positively correlated with peduncle length and glume seed percentage， and significantly negatively correlated with thousand-grain weight. Cluster analysis of the quantitative traits grouped these accessions into three clusters at the Euclidean distance of 15. Cluster I， characterized by taller plants， smaller panicle and lower thousand-grain weight， is suitable for development as energy crop. Cluster II， with the characteristics of shorter panicle length and peduncle length， can serve as germplasm for dual-purpose grain and forage breeding. Cluster III， with the characteristics of dwarf， early maturity and large panicle， can be used as a foundation for germplasm enhancement and grain sorghum breeding. Principal component analysis of quantitative traits showed that the cumulative contribution rate of four principal component factors to phenotypic variation reached 85.153%， of which the contributing rate of the first principal component was 33.209%， mainly related to panicle length and peduncle length， while the contribution rate of the second principal component was 25.189%，mainly related to the grain weight per spike， and the third one was 15.427% contributed by the thousand-grain weight. The fourth was 11.328%， mainly contributed by period of duration， plant height， stem diameter and endosperm corneous. From the experimental germplasm， eight elite accessions with shorter growth duration， shorter plant height and loose panicle type， were selected， with a potential to be used in sorghum breeding programs in Jiangsu province， China.
To address the shortage of locally suitable varieties and elite sorghum ［Sorghum bicolor （L.） Moench］ germplasm resources in Jiangsu's sorghum industry， the genetic variation of 400 accessions from local and global was comprehensively analyzed in northern Jiangsu， followed by statistical analysis including the Shannon-Weaver genetic diversity index， correlation analysis， cluster analysis and principal component analysis. The results showed that these accessions exhibited rich genetic diversity. Among them， the genetic diversity indices （H′ values） of the qualitative traits， such as coleoptile color， leaf color of seedling， medium vein color， panicle type， panicle shape， glume color， grain color， tillering and grain covering， were 1.0366， 0.2235， 0.6631， 1.3980， 0.9619， 1.7641， 1.7039， 1.0631 and 0.9908， respectively. In contrast， the H′ values of quantitative traits， such as period of duration， plant height， stem diameter， main panicle length， peduncle length， grain weight per spike， thousand-grain weight， glume seed percentage， and endosperm corneous were all relatively higher， showing 2.0479， 1.9254， 2.0472， 1.9822， 2.0531， 2.0314， 2.0693， 1.4375， and 1.9265， respectively. Correlation analysis revealed that plant height was significantly positively correlated with the period of duration， panicle length， peduncle length， grain weight per spike， glume seed percentage， but significantly negatively correlated with thousand-grain weight. Grain weight per spike was significantly positively correlated with period of duration and thousand-grain weight. Panicle length was significantly positively correlated with peduncle length and glume seed percentage， and significantly negatively correlated with thousand-grain weight. Cluster analysis of the quantitative traits grouped these accessions into three clusters at the Euclidean distance of 15. Cluster I， characterized by taller plants， smaller panicle and lower thousand-grain weight， is suitable for development as energy crop. Cluster II， with the characteristics of shorter panicle length and peduncle length， can serve as germplasm for dual-purpose grain and forage breeding. Cluster III， with the characteristics of dwarf， early maturity and large panicle， can be used as a foundation for germplasm enhancement and grain sorghum breeding. Principal component analysis of quantitative traits showed that the cumulative contribution rate of four principal component factors to phenotypic variation reached 85.153%， of which the contributing rate of the first principal component was 33.209%， mainly related to panicle length and peduncle length， while the contribution rate of the second principal component was 25.189%，mainly related to the grain weight per spike， and the third one was 15.427% contributed by the thousand-grain weight. The fourth was 11.328%， mainly contributed by period of duration， plant height， stem diameter and endosperm corneous. From the experimental germplasm， eight elite accessions with shorter growth duration， shorter plant height and loose panicle type， were selected， with a potential to be used in sorghum breeding programs in Jiangsu province， China.
2025,26(4):747-760
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240801002
Abstract:
The phenotypic diversity analysis and comprehensive evaluation of 142 germplasms of Erythropalum scandens were carried out by means of coefficient of variation， correlation analysis， principal component analysis and cluster analysis， which laid a foundation for the breeding of E. scandens in Guangxi. The survey found that Chongzuo City and Baise City had more wild germplasm resources， followed by Nanning City. The wild germplasm mainly distributed in limestone hills， slopes， mountains， sparse forests， dense forests， with an altitude of 140-1001 m. The statistical results showed that the coefficient of variation of 11 phenotypic traits was between 2.76% and 18.75% of 142 germplasms， indicating that the genetic difference of germplasm resources in Guangxi was large. Correlation analysis showed that leaf length was significantly correlated with leaf width， length of the second branch internode， longitudinal diameter of fruit and leaf thickness. Leaf width was significantly correlated with leaf thickness and longitudinal diameter of fruit. Leaf stalk length was significantly correlated with diameter of the second branch， length of the second branch internode. Altitude was significantly positively correlated with leaf thickness， but significantly negatively correlated with leaf length， leaf width and length of the second branch internode. The results of cluster analysis showed that 142 germplasm materials could be divided into 4 categories when the Euclidean distance was 4.5， The I， II， III and IV categories contained 49， 54， 27 and 12 germplasms， respectively. Categories I and II represent the majority of wild germplasms from the Guangxi region. Most artificial cultivation germplasms are classified into Category III， which may have advantages in terms of yield. Category IV germplasms mainly originate from higher altitude areas and may exhibit better cold resistance. Principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the five principal components was 68.25%. Principal component 1 and principal component 2 mainly reflected leaf and branch related indicators， while principal component 3， principal component 4 and principal component 5 mainly reflected fruit related indicators. The comprehensive evaluation results showed that the top ten germplasms were all from Chongzuo City， including 5 cultivated germplasms and 5 wild germplasms， which could provide excellent parents for the breeding and improvement of new varieties of E. scandens.
The phenotypic diversity analysis and comprehensive evaluation of 142 germplasms of Erythropalum scandens were carried out by means of coefficient of variation， correlation analysis， principal component analysis and cluster analysis， which laid a foundation for the breeding of E. scandens in Guangxi. The survey found that Chongzuo City and Baise City had more wild germplasm resources， followed by Nanning City. The wild germplasm mainly distributed in limestone hills， slopes， mountains， sparse forests， dense forests， with an altitude of 140-1001 m. The statistical results showed that the coefficient of variation of 11 phenotypic traits was between 2.76% and 18.75% of 142 germplasms， indicating that the genetic difference of germplasm resources in Guangxi was large. Correlation analysis showed that leaf length was significantly correlated with leaf width， length of the second branch internode， longitudinal diameter of fruit and leaf thickness. Leaf width was significantly correlated with leaf thickness and longitudinal diameter of fruit. Leaf stalk length was significantly correlated with diameter of the second branch， length of the second branch internode. Altitude was significantly positively correlated with leaf thickness， but significantly negatively correlated with leaf length， leaf width and length of the second branch internode. The results of cluster analysis showed that 142 germplasm materials could be divided into 4 categories when the Euclidean distance was 4.5， The I， II， III and IV categories contained 49， 54， 27 and 12 germplasms， respectively. Categories I and II represent the majority of wild germplasms from the Guangxi region. Most artificial cultivation germplasms are classified into Category III， which may have advantages in terms of yield. Category IV germplasms mainly originate from higher altitude areas and may exhibit better cold resistance. Principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the five principal components was 68.25%. Principal component 1 and principal component 2 mainly reflected leaf and branch related indicators， while principal component 3， principal component 4 and principal component 5 mainly reflected fruit related indicators. The comprehensive evaluation results showed that the top ten germplasms were all from Chongzuo City， including 5 cultivated germplasms and 5 wild germplasms， which could provide excellent parents for the breeding and improvement of new varieties of E. scandens.
LIN Tianzi, SUN Liting, JING Dedao, YU Bo, ZENG Shengyuan, LI Chuang, QIAN Huafei, DU Cancan, HU Qingfeng, YANG Jun, ZHOU Yiwen, Wu Zhangping, GONG Hongbing
2025,26(4):761-774
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240812001
Abstract:
Grain protein content （GPC） represents one of the critical factors affecting rice eating quality. It is of great significance for improving this trait through analyzing its genetic regulation mechanism. This study deployed a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population derived from two japonica rice cultivars， Zhengeng 2400 and Jiahe 218， showing significant difference on grain protein content. A quantitative trait loci（QTL）-Seq was used to locate the QTLs controlling grain protein content in rice. QTL mapping and fine mapping was performed using Ici Mapping 4.1 software. Through deploying △SNP index analysis of the F8∶9 RIL population， four QTLs on chromosomes 1， 2， and 12 were identified. Eight QTLs on chromosomes 1， 2， 6， 7， 8， 9， and 11 in the F9∶10 RIL population were detected by the Euclidean distance （ED） method analysis. A major QTL， designated qGPC1， accounting for 13.20% of the phenotypic variation with a LOD score of 3.91， was consistently detected both in F8∶9 and F9∶10 RIL. Fine mapping delimited qGPC1 to a 516 kb interval between markers 1-3782 and 1-3834. Sequence analysis of a reported GPC regulatory gene OsAAP6 revealed no polymorphisms between parents， suggesting the presence of a novel regulatory gene controlling GPC. A low-GPC line with superior eating quality from the RIL population was selected as a parental donor for developing the new cultivar strain Zhendao 1818. This advanced line exhibited significantly improved palatability scores to commercial cultivars Wuyunjing 23 and Nanjing 5055， along with increased plant height， seed setting rate， and thousand-grain weigh. Collectively， this study lays the foundation for further cloning of grain protein content genes and analyzing genetic regulatory mechanisms， and provides excellent germplasm resources for improving rice eating quality.
Grain protein content （GPC） represents one of the critical factors affecting rice eating quality. It is of great significance for improving this trait through analyzing its genetic regulation mechanism. This study deployed a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population derived from two japonica rice cultivars， Zhengeng 2400 and Jiahe 218， showing significant difference on grain protein content. A quantitative trait loci（QTL）-Seq was used to locate the QTLs controlling grain protein content in rice. QTL mapping and fine mapping was performed using Ici Mapping 4.1 software. Through deploying △SNP index analysis of the F8∶9 RIL population， four QTLs on chromosomes 1， 2， and 12 were identified. Eight QTLs on chromosomes 1， 2， 6， 7， 8， 9， and 11 in the F9∶10 RIL population were detected by the Euclidean distance （ED） method analysis. A major QTL， designated qGPC1， accounting for 13.20% of the phenotypic variation with a LOD score of 3.91， was consistently detected both in F8∶9 and F9∶10 RIL. Fine mapping delimited qGPC1 to a 516 kb interval between markers 1-3782 and 1-3834. Sequence analysis of a reported GPC regulatory gene OsAAP6 revealed no polymorphisms between parents， suggesting the presence of a novel regulatory gene controlling GPC. A low-GPC line with superior eating quality from the RIL population was selected as a parental donor for developing the new cultivar strain Zhendao 1818. This advanced line exhibited significantly improved palatability scores to commercial cultivars Wuyunjing 23 and Nanjing 5055， along with increased plant height， seed setting rate， and thousand-grain weigh. Collectively， this study lays the foundation for further cloning of grain protein content genes and analyzing genetic regulatory mechanisms， and provides excellent germplasm resources for improving rice eating quality.
2025,26(4):775-783
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240628001
Abstract:
The root system is a critical component of rice plant， playing essential roles in plant fixation， water uptake， and nutrient acquisition. In this study， we observed that the root system of the oself3-1 mutant was significantly shorter compared to the wild type. To investigate the genetic basis of this trait， the mutant was crossed with the wild-type cultivar Sasaishiki to generate an F2 population. Genetic analysis revealed that the mutant phenotype is controlled by a recessive single gene. Through map-based cloning， OsELF3-1 was located in a 50.9 kb interval on chromosome 6， which contains four open reading frames （ORFs）. Sequence analysis identified a 7-base pair deletion in the second exon of ORF4 （OsELF3-1）， resulting in frameshift mutation and premature termination. OsELF3-1 was hypothesized as the causal gene. Knockout mutants of OsELF3-1 exhibited significantly shorter roots the wild type Sasaishiki， thereby validating the role of OsELF3-1 in regulating root length. To further elucidate the regulatory network of OsELF3-1， we employed a yeast two-hybrid screening and identified OsARID3 as an interacting protein. OsARID3 contains several functional domains， including an ARID domain， an α-crystallin/Hsp domain， a HsP20 domain， and a potassium dependent sodium/calcium ion exchange domain. Investigation of OsARID3-RNAi mutants revealed showed that their mutants also displayed significantly shorter roots than wild type Sasaishiki， suggesting that OsARID3 is involved in the regulation of root length. Analysis of natural variation in OsARID3 using 3K rice genome sequencing data identified 15 haplotypes， with distinct differentiation between indica and japonica subspecies. Notably， japonica rice predominantly harbored haplotypes I， IV and VI. In summary， this study found that OsELF3-1 and OsARID3 interact to regulate rice root development. These findings provide a theoretical basis and valuable germplasm resources for further exploration of the regulatory networks underlying root growth and development.
The root system is a critical component of rice plant， playing essential roles in plant fixation， water uptake， and nutrient acquisition. In this study， we observed that the root system of the oself3-1 mutant was significantly shorter compared to the wild type. To investigate the genetic basis of this trait， the mutant was crossed with the wild-type cultivar Sasaishiki to generate an F2 population. Genetic analysis revealed that the mutant phenotype is controlled by a recessive single gene. Through map-based cloning， OsELF3-1 was located in a 50.9 kb interval on chromosome 6， which contains four open reading frames （ORFs）. Sequence analysis identified a 7-base pair deletion in the second exon of ORF4 （OsELF3-1）， resulting in frameshift mutation and premature termination. OsELF3-1 was hypothesized as the causal gene. Knockout mutants of OsELF3-1 exhibited significantly shorter roots the wild type Sasaishiki， thereby validating the role of OsELF3-1 in regulating root length. To further elucidate the regulatory network of OsELF3-1， we employed a yeast two-hybrid screening and identified OsARID3 as an interacting protein. OsARID3 contains several functional domains， including an ARID domain， an α-crystallin/Hsp domain， a HsP20 domain， and a potassium dependent sodium/calcium ion exchange domain. Investigation of OsARID3-RNAi mutants revealed showed that their mutants also displayed significantly shorter roots than wild type Sasaishiki， suggesting that OsARID3 is involved in the regulation of root length. Analysis of natural variation in OsARID3 using 3K rice genome sequencing data identified 15 haplotypes， with distinct differentiation between indica and japonica subspecies. Notably， japonica rice predominantly harbored haplotypes I， IV and VI. In summary， this study found that OsELF3-1 and OsARID3 interact to regulate rice root development. These findings provide a theoretical basis and valuable germplasm resources for further exploration of the regulatory networks underlying root growth and development.
2025,26(4):784-796
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240816005
Abstract:
Wheat kernel color related traits L*， a*， and b* are important indicators of wheat quality. To elucidate the genetic architecture underlying these traits， we conducted a comprehensive genome-wide association study （GWAS） using 243 wheat accessions from Huang-huai wheat region. Phenotypic evaluations were performed in four environments， complemented by genotyping using the wheat 660K SNP assay. We identified 785 significant SNP markers associated with kernel color traits， collectively explaining 11.4%-23.4% phenotypic variation. Marker-trait associations exhibited distinct chromosomal distributions： SNPs associated with L* are mainly located on chromosomes 1A， 1D， 2B， 3D， 7A and 7D； SNPs associated with a* are primarily distributed on chromosome 2A， 2B， 2D， 4B， 5B， 5D， 7A and 7D； SNPs associated with b* are predominantly distributed on chromosome 2B， 5B， 5D， 6D， 7A， 7B and 7D. Notably， 51 SNPs showed pleiotropic effects. Thirty-six candidate genes related to the kernel color traits were identified by gene annotation， of which eight exhibited kernel-specific expression patterns. Polymorphism analysis revealed significant associations between target traits and two key genes， Pinb （TraesCS5D02G004300） and UDP-glucose/GDP-mannose dehydrogenase gene TraesCS5B02G399800. Haplotype analysis of TraesCS5B02G399800 identified distinct allelic variants significantly associated with b*. Therefore， these findings provide valuable genomic resources for marker-assisted selection and genomic prediction strategies for wheat kernel color traits.
Wheat kernel color related traits L*， a*， and b* are important indicators of wheat quality. To elucidate the genetic architecture underlying these traits， we conducted a comprehensive genome-wide association study （GWAS） using 243 wheat accessions from Huang-huai wheat region. Phenotypic evaluations were performed in four environments， complemented by genotyping using the wheat 660K SNP assay. We identified 785 significant SNP markers associated with kernel color traits， collectively explaining 11.4%-23.4% phenotypic variation. Marker-trait associations exhibited distinct chromosomal distributions： SNPs associated with L* are mainly located on chromosomes 1A， 1D， 2B， 3D， 7A and 7D； SNPs associated with a* are primarily distributed on chromosome 2A， 2B， 2D， 4B， 5B， 5D， 7A and 7D； SNPs associated with b* are predominantly distributed on chromosome 2B， 5B， 5D， 6D， 7A， 7B and 7D. Notably， 51 SNPs showed pleiotropic effects. Thirty-six candidate genes related to the kernel color traits were identified by gene annotation， of which eight exhibited kernel-specific expression patterns. Polymorphism analysis revealed significant associations between target traits and two key genes， Pinb （TraesCS5D02G004300） and UDP-glucose/GDP-mannose dehydrogenase gene TraesCS5B02G399800. Haplotype analysis of TraesCS5B02G399800 identified distinct allelic variants significantly associated with b*. Therefore， these findings provide valuable genomic resources for marker-assisted selection and genomic prediction strategies for wheat kernel color traits.
2025,26(4):797-807
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240822001
Abstract:
To develop novel genetic materials with breeding potential and identify genetic intervals regulating grain number per spike in wheat， we conducted a comprehensive study using near-isogenic lines （NILs） through crossing the octoploid Thinopyrum ponticum derived wheat cultivars Hengguan 35 and Kenong 199. Seven yield-related traits， including plant height， effective tiller number， spike length， spikelet number per spike， grain number per spike， grain yield per plant and thousand grain weight， were systematically evaluated. Genome-wide scanning was performed using the 660K SNP array to identify polymorphic loci and conserved physical intervals between two pairs of NILs. Candidate genes were predicted through integrated analysis of gene annotation and expression profiles within the candidate regions. The results indicated that NIL pairs N81/N82 and N86/N87 exhibited significant differences in spike-related traits while maintaining genetic similarities of 98.02% and 98.78%， respectively. SNP polymorphism analysis identified three conserved genomic regions associated with spike architecture， 662-669 Mb on chromosome 1B， 19-25 Mb on chromosome 3B， and 541-548 Mb on chromosome 5B. Through integration of QTL mapping data， gene functional annotation， expression analysis， and orthologous gene comparison， we identified three putative candidate genes regulating grain number per spike： TraesCS1B02G443200， encoding malate dehydrogenase on chromosome 1B， TraesCS3B02G042400， encoding an AP2/ERF transcription factor on chromosome 3B， and TraesCS5B02G366500， encoding a C2H2-type zinc finger protein on chromosome 5B. These findings provide a theoretical reference for identifying genes regulating grain number per spike in wheat.
To develop novel genetic materials with breeding potential and identify genetic intervals regulating grain number per spike in wheat， we conducted a comprehensive study using near-isogenic lines （NILs） through crossing the octoploid Thinopyrum ponticum derived wheat cultivars Hengguan 35 and Kenong 199. Seven yield-related traits， including plant height， effective tiller number， spike length， spikelet number per spike， grain number per spike， grain yield per plant and thousand grain weight， were systematically evaluated. Genome-wide scanning was performed using the 660K SNP array to identify polymorphic loci and conserved physical intervals between two pairs of NILs. Candidate genes were predicted through integrated analysis of gene annotation and expression profiles within the candidate regions. The results indicated that NIL pairs N81/N82 and N86/N87 exhibited significant differences in spike-related traits while maintaining genetic similarities of 98.02% and 98.78%， respectively. SNP polymorphism analysis identified three conserved genomic regions associated with spike architecture， 662-669 Mb on chromosome 1B， 19-25 Mb on chromosome 3B， and 541-548 Mb on chromosome 5B. Through integration of QTL mapping data， gene functional annotation， expression analysis， and orthologous gene comparison， we identified three putative candidate genes regulating grain number per spike： TraesCS1B02G443200， encoding malate dehydrogenase on chromosome 1B， TraesCS3B02G042400， encoding an AP2/ERF transcription factor on chromosome 3B， and TraesCS5B02G366500， encoding a C2H2-type zinc finger protein on chromosome 5B. These findings provide a theoretical reference for identifying genes regulating grain number per spike in wheat.
2025,26(4):808-816
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240907001
Abstract:
Peanut web blotch， a fungal disease affecting the leaves of peanut plants， can substantially impact both yield and quality. Genetic analysis and QTL mapping of resistance genes against this disease are crucial for identifying resistant germplasm resources and advancing peanut breeding. This study employed a recombinant inbred line（RIL） population consisting of 807 individuals derived from the cross between 'Huayu 44' and 'DF12' to dissect the genetic basis through QTL mapping for resistance. The analysis showed that the resistance mechanism followed the MX1-A-AI inheritance model， characterized by a combination of one major additive gene and multiple minor-effect genes and epistatic interactions. The major gene exhibited substantial heritability across three environmental conditions （63.44%， 60.70% and 74.64%， respectively）. Through QTL mapping， we identified five QTLs， qDIA02.1， qDIA02.2， qDIB07， qDIB08， and qDIB09， distributed across four linkage groups， explaining 4.68%-15.91% of the phenotypic variation. Three QTLs， qDIA02.1， qDIB07， and qDIB09， were repeatedly detected across three environments， explaining 5.15%-9.43%， 7.62%-15.91%， and 5.24%-6.16% of phenotypic variation， respectively. qDIB07 was identified as a potential major QTL， indicating that peanut web blotch resistance is predominantly regulated by major genes. These findings provide a basis for future precisely localizing resistance genes to peanut web blotch and developing disease-resistant peanut varieties.
Peanut web blotch， a fungal disease affecting the leaves of peanut plants， can substantially impact both yield and quality. Genetic analysis and QTL mapping of resistance genes against this disease are crucial for identifying resistant germplasm resources and advancing peanut breeding. This study employed a recombinant inbred line（RIL） population consisting of 807 individuals derived from the cross between 'Huayu 44' and 'DF12' to dissect the genetic basis through QTL mapping for resistance. The analysis showed that the resistance mechanism followed the MX1-A-AI inheritance model， characterized by a combination of one major additive gene and multiple minor-effect genes and epistatic interactions. The major gene exhibited substantial heritability across three environmental conditions （63.44%， 60.70% and 74.64%， respectively）. Through QTL mapping， we identified five QTLs， qDIA02.1， qDIA02.2， qDIB07， qDIB08， and qDIB09， distributed across four linkage groups， explaining 4.68%-15.91% of the phenotypic variation. Three QTLs， qDIA02.1， qDIB07， and qDIB09， were repeatedly detected across three environments， explaining 5.15%-9.43%， 7.62%-15.91%， and 5.24%-6.16% of phenotypic variation， respectively. qDIB07 was identified as a potential major QTL， indicating that peanut web blotch resistance is predominantly regulated by major genes. These findings provide a basis for future precisely localizing resistance genes to peanut web blotch and developing disease-resistant peanut varieties.
2025,26(4):817-829
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240705002
Abstract:
Bagging-produced flat peaches have gained increasing consumer preference due to their reduced fruit cracking， enhanced visual appeal， and golden to slightly reddish fruit surface. The cultivar ‘Zhongyoupan 9’ shows a distinctive reddish coloration under bagging conditions， attributed to anthocyanin synthesis. This characteristic makes it particularly suitable for bagging cultivation， aligning with consumer preferences for optimal color and appearance. In this study， we investigated the exocarp of bagged fruits of 'Zhongyoupan 9' at 89 and 102 days after blooming （DAFB）， through an integrated approach combining transcriptomic， metabolomic， and bi-histological analyses to elucidate the coloration mechanism. Transcriptome analysis identified 2652 significant differential genes， including 16 genes associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis （PpPAL， PpC4H， Pp4CLs， PpCHSs， PpCHIs， PpF3H， PpF3'H， PpDFR， PpANS， PpUFGT， PpGST）， 56 specifically up-regulated transcription factors， and phytoreceptors PpCRY3， PpUVR8.3. These genes were up-regulated and expressed correlating with anthocyanin content. Metabolomic profiling using high performance liquid tandem mass spectrometry detected 112 significantly differential metabolites， with cyanidin-3，5-O-diglucoside showing the most substantial up-regulation （Log2FC = 16.8）. This metabolite was identified as the primary contributor to the red coloration in the exocarp after bagging. Integrative analysis of transcriptomic and metabolomics data， combined with transcription factor profiling， revealed that PpBL and PpNAC1 up-regulated and activated the anthocyanin regulatory gene PpMYB10.1. This activation promoted the catalytic synthesis of cyanidin-3，5-O-diglucoside by anthocyanin structural genes under bagging conditions， ultimately resulting in the characteristic red coloration of ‘Zhongyoupan 9’. These findings advance our understanding of anthocyanin accumulation patterns in bagged peach fruits and provide a theoretical basis for selecting optimal peach varieties for bagging cultivation practices.
Bagging-produced flat peaches have gained increasing consumer preference due to their reduced fruit cracking， enhanced visual appeal， and golden to slightly reddish fruit surface. The cultivar ‘Zhongyoupan 9’ shows a distinctive reddish coloration under bagging conditions， attributed to anthocyanin synthesis. This characteristic makes it particularly suitable for bagging cultivation， aligning with consumer preferences for optimal color and appearance. In this study， we investigated the exocarp of bagged fruits of 'Zhongyoupan 9' at 89 and 102 days after blooming （DAFB）， through an integrated approach combining transcriptomic， metabolomic， and bi-histological analyses to elucidate the coloration mechanism. Transcriptome analysis identified 2652 significant differential genes， including 16 genes associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis （PpPAL， PpC4H， Pp4CLs， PpCHSs， PpCHIs， PpF3H， PpF3'H， PpDFR， PpANS， PpUFGT， PpGST）， 56 specifically up-regulated transcription factors， and phytoreceptors PpCRY3， PpUVR8.3. These genes were up-regulated and expressed correlating with anthocyanin content. Metabolomic profiling using high performance liquid tandem mass spectrometry detected 112 significantly differential metabolites， with cyanidin-3，5-O-diglucoside showing the most substantial up-regulation （Log2FC = 16.8）. This metabolite was identified as the primary contributor to the red coloration in the exocarp after bagging. Integrative analysis of transcriptomic and metabolomics data， combined with transcription factor profiling， revealed that PpBL and PpNAC1 up-regulated and activated the anthocyanin regulatory gene PpMYB10.1. This activation promoted the catalytic synthesis of cyanidin-3，5-O-diglucoside by anthocyanin structural genes under bagging conditions， ultimately resulting in the characteristic red coloration of ‘Zhongyoupan 9’. These findings advance our understanding of anthocyanin accumulation patterns in bagged peach fruits and provide a theoretical basis for selecting optimal peach varieties for bagging cultivation practices.
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LI Qing-hua, YAN Dun-wei, LIU Yu-hang, CHEN Ying-mei, GU Zhi-wei, CHEN Zi-lin, LIN Hai-feng, KE Qing-ming, JIA Qi
Available online: April 03, 2025
Abstract:
In this study, genetic diversity analysis and the construction of a molecular fingerprinting map were performed for 22 vegetable soybean varieties approved in Fujian Province from 2003 to 2022, basing on 26 phenotypic traits and 43 pairs of SSR molecular markers. The results revealed there exhibited 16 types of variations in the seven qualitative traits among the 22 vegetable soybean varieties, with an average diversity index (H") of 0.494. The variation coefficients of the sixteen quantitative traits ranged from 3.44% to 50.6%, with an average H" of 1.9340, indicating rich phenotypic genetic diversity. A total of 204 loci were detected with 43 pairs of SSR molecular markers, exhibiting an average polymorphism rate of 88.72%. The Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) varied from 0 to 0.3729, with an average of 0.2089. The Satt514 maker demonstrated the highest PIC value of 0.3729. The average number of alleles (Na) and effective number of alleles (Ne) were 1.8103 and 1.4374, respectively. The average Nei"s gene diversity index (H") was 0.2623, and the average Shannon"s polymorphism information index (I) was 0.4016. The genetic similarity coefficient among the 22 varieties ranged from 0.4923 to 1.0000, with an average of 0.7073. The highest genetic similarity coefficient was observed between Huxuan 23-9 and Maodou 389 at 1, whereas the lowest coefficient was found between Xinghuadou 618 and Mindou No.10 at 0.4923. Cluster analysis showed that the 22 vegetable soybean cultivars were classified into three groups based on phenotypic characters and molecular markers. Mindou No.1 was classified into a separate group using both methods, indicating that it would have significant differences from other cultivars in both phenotypic traits and genetic background, making it suitable as a parental linefor hybridization. Considering the principles of uniform chromosomal distribution, distinct band patterns, and rich polymorphism, eight SSR makers (Satt197, Satt268, Satt373, Satt005, Satt431, Satt334, Satt191, and Satt380) were selected to construct the molecular fingerprint map of the 22 vegetable soybean varieties approved in Fujian Province. With these primer combination, 19 out of the 22 varieties could be distinguished, except for Maodou No.3, Huxuan 23-9, and Maodou 389. The findings would provide a scientific foundation for the efficient utilization of vegetable soybean germplasm resources and breeding in Fujian Province. This would also contribute to the differentiation and preservation of approved varieties.
In this study, genetic diversity analysis and the construction of a molecular fingerprinting map were performed for 22 vegetable soybean varieties approved in Fujian Province from 2003 to 2022, basing on 26 phenotypic traits and 43 pairs of SSR molecular markers. The results revealed there exhibited 16 types of variations in the seven qualitative traits among the 22 vegetable soybean varieties, with an average diversity index (H") of 0.494. The variation coefficients of the sixteen quantitative traits ranged from 3.44% to 50.6%, with an average H" of 1.9340, indicating rich phenotypic genetic diversity. A total of 204 loci were detected with 43 pairs of SSR molecular markers, exhibiting an average polymorphism rate of 88.72%. The Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) varied from 0 to 0.3729, with an average of 0.2089. The Satt514 maker demonstrated the highest PIC value of 0.3729. The average number of alleles (Na) and effective number of alleles (Ne) were 1.8103 and 1.4374, respectively. The average Nei"s gene diversity index (H") was 0.2623, and the average Shannon"s polymorphism information index (I) was 0.4016. The genetic similarity coefficient among the 22 varieties ranged from 0.4923 to 1.0000, with an average of 0.7073. The highest genetic similarity coefficient was observed between Huxuan 23-9 and Maodou 389 at 1, whereas the lowest coefficient was found between Xinghuadou 618 and Mindou No.10 at 0.4923. Cluster analysis showed that the 22 vegetable soybean cultivars were classified into three groups based on phenotypic characters and molecular markers. Mindou No.1 was classified into a separate group using both methods, indicating that it would have significant differences from other cultivars in both phenotypic traits and genetic background, making it suitable as a parental linefor hybridization. Considering the principles of uniform chromosomal distribution, distinct band patterns, and rich polymorphism, eight SSR makers (Satt197, Satt268, Satt373, Satt005, Satt431, Satt334, Satt191, and Satt380) were selected to construct the molecular fingerprint map of the 22 vegetable soybean varieties approved in Fujian Province. With these primer combination, 19 out of the 22 varieties could be distinguished, except for Maodou No.3, Huxuan 23-9, and Maodou 389. The findings would provide a scientific foundation for the efficient utilization of vegetable soybean germplasm resources and breeding in Fujian Province. This would also contribute to the differentiation and preservation of approved varieties.
Available online: April 03, 2025
Abstract:
In this study, 85 local adzuki bean germplasm resources collected in Zhejiang Province during “The Third National Campaign of Crop Germplasm Census and Collection” were used as materials, and a systematic analysis was conducted on the genetic diversity of their agronomic and quality traits. The study found that these resources were unevenly distributed within Zhejiang Province and exhibited rich genetic diversity. The coefficient variation of quantitative traits ranged from 6.10% to 58.26%. The coefficients of variation of yield per plant (58.26%) and the number of pods per plant (42.47%) were the highest. The Shannon diversity index ranged from 0.02 to 2.43, and the diversity index of plant height was the largest. Correlation analysis showed that the grain length was positively correlated with grain width (R=0.73), pod length (R=0.62), and 100-seed weight (R=0.82).; the plot yield was positively related to the number of pods per plant (R=0.44) and yield per plant (R=0.38). Principal component analysis extracted 5 principal components, with a cumulative contribution rate of 63.929%. The coefficient variation of 11 descriptive traits ranges from 0.00% to 181.15%. The coefficient of variation of the color of young pod was the smallest, and that of pod dehiscence was the largest. The diversity index ranged from 0.00 to 1.18. The diversity index of maturity was the highest, while that of the young pod color was the lowest. Cluster analysis divided these resources into three major groups. Group I contained 17 resources, with a relatively short overall growth period, a short plant height, and large seed length, seed width, and 100-seed weight. Group II contained 37 resources, with a medium maturity and relatively tall plant. Group III covered 31 resources, with a long growth period, high pod length, pod width, number of pods per plant, and number of seeds per pod, as well as high yield and amino acid content. Four excellent adzuki bean resources in Zhejiang Province were screened out through comprehensive scoring. This study systematically analyzed and evaluated the newly collected adzuki bean germplasm resources in Zhejiang. It provides an important theoretical basis for adzuki bean germplasm innovation and the cultivation of excellent varieties, and contributes to promoting the development of the adzuki bean industry.
In this study, 85 local adzuki bean germplasm resources collected in Zhejiang Province during “The Third National Campaign of Crop Germplasm Census and Collection” were used as materials, and a systematic analysis was conducted on the genetic diversity of their agronomic and quality traits. The study found that these resources were unevenly distributed within Zhejiang Province and exhibited rich genetic diversity. The coefficient variation of quantitative traits ranged from 6.10% to 58.26%. The coefficients of variation of yield per plant (58.26%) and the number of pods per plant (42.47%) were the highest. The Shannon diversity index ranged from 0.02 to 2.43, and the diversity index of plant height was the largest. Correlation analysis showed that the grain length was positively correlated with grain width (R=0.73), pod length (R=0.62), and 100-seed weight (R=0.82).; the plot yield was positively related to the number of pods per plant (R=0.44) and yield per plant (R=0.38). Principal component analysis extracted 5 principal components, with a cumulative contribution rate of 63.929%. The coefficient variation of 11 descriptive traits ranges from 0.00% to 181.15%. The coefficient of variation of the color of young pod was the smallest, and that of pod dehiscence was the largest. The diversity index ranged from 0.00 to 1.18. The diversity index of maturity was the highest, while that of the young pod color was the lowest. Cluster analysis divided these resources into three major groups. Group I contained 17 resources, with a relatively short overall growth period, a short plant height, and large seed length, seed width, and 100-seed weight. Group II contained 37 resources, with a medium maturity and relatively tall plant. Group III covered 31 resources, with a long growth period, high pod length, pod width, number of pods per plant, and number of seeds per pod, as well as high yield and amino acid content. Four excellent adzuki bean resources in Zhejiang Province were screened out through comprehensive scoring. This study systematically analyzed and evaluated the newly collected adzuki bean germplasm resources in Zhejiang. It provides an important theoretical basis for adzuki bean germplasm innovation and the cultivation of excellent varieties, and contributes to promoting the development of the adzuki bean industry.
Available online: April 03, 2025
Abstract:
‘Guanghetao029-1’ ‘Honggengansutao1’ ‘Zhouxingshantao’ ‘Xinjianghuangrou’ ‘Taoxingbiantao’ ‘Zhongbizaoxiangju’ ‘Zaoshanghaishuimi’ and ‘Tanchun’ were used as experimental materials. Headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to detect volatile compounds. The main aroma substances of different samples were identified by the odor activity value (OAV), principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The results showed that a total of 471 volatile substances in 14 categories were identified in eight peach blossom samples. Among them, heterocyclic compounds, terpenoids and esters were the most abundant, with 78, 77 and 66 species, respectively. The highest content of heterocyclic compounds, ketones and alcohols were 4473460.22 μg/kg, 539998.06 μg/kg and 480975.72 μg/kg, respectively. Based on the odor activity value (OAV), 15 key aroma components were screened with variable importance in projection (VIP)>1 and P<0.05, among which the VIP value of Butylbenzene was the highest (2.72), followed by β-damascenone (2.50). Through analysis of aroma characteristics, it was found that the aroma of green, fatty and waxy is the main characteristic of peach blossom. The aroma types of ‘Guanghetao029-1’ were mainly green, fatty, waxy, melon and cucumber, supplemented by nutty aroma. The aroma types of ‘Honggengansutao1’ and ‘Zhongbizaoxiangju’ were mainly green, fatty, waxy, melon, cucumber and fruit, supplemented by fresh, herbal and nutty aromas. The aroma types of ‘Zhouxingshantao’ are mainly green, fatty, waxy, melon, cucumber, fruit and nutty, supplemented by fresh and herbal aromas.
‘Guanghetao029-1’ ‘Honggengansutao1’ ‘Zhouxingshantao’ ‘Xinjianghuangrou’ ‘Taoxingbiantao’ ‘Zhongbizaoxiangju’ ‘Zaoshanghaishuimi’ and ‘Tanchun’ were used as experimental materials. Headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to detect volatile compounds. The main aroma substances of different samples were identified by the odor activity value (OAV), principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The results showed that a total of 471 volatile substances in 14 categories were identified in eight peach blossom samples. Among them, heterocyclic compounds, terpenoids and esters were the most abundant, with 78, 77 and 66 species, respectively. The highest content of heterocyclic compounds, ketones and alcohols were 4473460.22 μg/kg, 539998.06 μg/kg and 480975.72 μg/kg, respectively. Based on the odor activity value (OAV), 15 key aroma components were screened with variable importance in projection (VIP)>1 and P<0.05, among which the VIP value of Butylbenzene was the highest (2.72), followed by β-damascenone (2.50). Through analysis of aroma characteristics, it was found that the aroma of green, fatty and waxy is the main characteristic of peach blossom. The aroma types of ‘Guanghetao029-1’ were mainly green, fatty, waxy, melon and cucumber, supplemented by nutty aroma. The aroma types of ‘Honggengansutao1’ and ‘Zhongbizaoxiangju’ were mainly green, fatty, waxy, melon, cucumber and fruit, supplemented by fresh, herbal and nutty aromas. The aroma types of ‘Zhouxingshantao’ are mainly green, fatty, waxy, melon, cucumber, fruit and nutty, supplemented by fresh and herbal aromas.
YAN Zhiqin, ZHANG Mengchen, CHEN Xiaoyang, LI Yan, XU Qun, WANG Shan, FENG Yue, WEI Xinghua, YANG Yaolong
Available online: April 03, 2025
Abstract:
The history of rice cultivation in Zhejiang Province is long-standing, with a rich of rice germplasm resources. At present, there are more than 2000 rice germplasm resources from Zhejiang Province in the National Rice Germplasm Resources Intermediate Bank (Hangzhou). However, these resources have not been systematically screened and identified, which may lead to the existence of some duplicated resources. Here, 1970 rice germplasm resources originating from Zhejiang Province have been used for genome variation map construction through the whole-genome resequencing. 10,532 core SNP markers were screened for genetic similarity calculation by SNP filtering based on sequencing depth, linkage disequilibrium, and missing rate. In this study, the analysis of 13 groups of main homonymous rice resources demonstrated that the genetic similarity among these homonymous rice resources was less than 95%. Moreover, the homonymous rice resources exhibited large phenotypic variations and were actually different rice resources. At the same time, pairwise genetic similarity of 1970 rice resources was calculated by using the core SNP markers, and 13 group rice resources combinations with high genetic similarity were selected. By comparing the phenotypic identification results and plant morphological characteristics, it was found that the rice resources with high genetic similarity had highly similar phenotypes and field performances, which confirmed the effectiveness of genetic similarity in rice resources identification to some extent. This study has essentially clarified the inventory of rice germplasm resources in Zhejiang Province, providing an important scientific basis for the conservation and utilization of rice germplasm resources in Zhejiang Province.
The history of rice cultivation in Zhejiang Province is long-standing, with a rich of rice germplasm resources. At present, there are more than 2000 rice germplasm resources from Zhejiang Province in the National Rice Germplasm Resources Intermediate Bank (Hangzhou). However, these resources have not been systematically screened and identified, which may lead to the existence of some duplicated resources. Here, 1970 rice germplasm resources originating from Zhejiang Province have been used for genome variation map construction through the whole-genome resequencing. 10,532 core SNP markers were screened for genetic similarity calculation by SNP filtering based on sequencing depth, linkage disequilibrium, and missing rate. In this study, the analysis of 13 groups of main homonymous rice resources demonstrated that the genetic similarity among these homonymous rice resources was less than 95%. Moreover, the homonymous rice resources exhibited large phenotypic variations and were actually different rice resources. At the same time, pairwise genetic similarity of 1970 rice resources was calculated by using the core SNP markers, and 13 group rice resources combinations with high genetic similarity were selected. By comparing the phenotypic identification results and plant morphological characteristics, it was found that the rice resources with high genetic similarity had highly similar phenotypes and field performances, which confirmed the effectiveness of genetic similarity in rice resources identification to some extent. This study has essentially clarified the inventory of rice germplasm resources in Zhejiang Province, providing an important scientific basis for the conservation and utilization of rice germplasm resources in Zhejiang Province.
Available online: April 03, 2025
Abstract:
The composition and quantity of Restorer-of-fertility genes contained in the restorer line directly determine the strength of the restoration ability, thereby affecting the fertility stability of hybrid soybeans bred through the "three line" method. The Rf1 gene is widely present in soybean cytoplasmic male sterile restorer lines, while Rf2, as a newly discovered strong Restorer-of-fertility gene, only exists in a very small number of restorer lines. To this end, this study developed functional molecular marker for the Rf2 gene and used conventional hybrid breeding combined with molecular marker-assisted breeding techniques to aggregate the Restorer-of-fertility genes Rf1 and Rf2, creating a new germplasm of soybean cytoplasmic male sterile restorer lines with strong restoration ability and excellent agronomic traits. The results indicate that the combination of Rf1 and Rf2 molecular markers can quickly and accurately screen target Restorer-of-fertility gene types, significantly improving the breeding efficiency of new germplasm of gene aggregation restorer lines. At the same time, the newly created restorer germplasm showed excellent performance in agronomic traits such as pod number per plant, grain number, and 100-seed weight. This study provides excellent new germplasm for the breeding of "three line" hybrid soybeans, and also provides technical support for the efficient breeding of more strong restorer lines in the future
The composition and quantity of Restorer-of-fertility genes contained in the restorer line directly determine the strength of the restoration ability, thereby affecting the fertility stability of hybrid soybeans bred through the "three line" method. The Rf1 gene is widely present in soybean cytoplasmic male sterile restorer lines, while Rf2, as a newly discovered strong Restorer-of-fertility gene, only exists in a very small number of restorer lines. To this end, this study developed functional molecular marker for the Rf2 gene and used conventional hybrid breeding combined with molecular marker-assisted breeding techniques to aggregate the Restorer-of-fertility genes Rf1 and Rf2, creating a new germplasm of soybean cytoplasmic male sterile restorer lines with strong restoration ability and excellent agronomic traits. The results indicate that the combination of Rf1 and Rf2 molecular markers can quickly and accurately screen target Restorer-of-fertility gene types, significantly improving the breeding efficiency of new germplasm of gene aggregation restorer lines. At the same time, the newly created restorer germplasm showed excellent performance in agronomic traits such as pod number per plant, grain number, and 100-seed weight. This study provides excellent new germplasm for the breeding of "three line" hybrid soybeans, and also provides technical support for the efficient breeding of more strong restorer lines in the future
Available online: April 02, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241231001
Abstract:
Sichuan was one of the provinces with rich genetic diversity of faba bean resources. In this paper, 82 Sichuan faba bean local germplasm resources were used as the research object. The diversity level of Sichuan faba bean local resources was identified and evaluated by genetic diversity index, variation coefficient, correlation analysis, cluster analysis and principal component analysis, and excellent germplasm resources were screened. The results showed that the genetic diversity of plant height, 100-seed weight, shape of the leaflets, color of the fresh stem, resistance of chocolate spot and resistance to ascochyta blight of faba bean germplasm resources was rich. The variation coefficient 11 agronomic traits except pod width and growth days ranged from 11.70 % to 38.39 %, and the variation coefficient of seed per pod, number of pod nodes, pods per plant and seeds per plant was larger. The correlation analysis results showed that plant height, 100-seed weight, number of effective branches, number of pod nodes, pods per plant and seeds per plant were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with seed weight per plant. Cluster analysis clustered 82 faba bean germplasm resources into four categories, and class I and IV yield-related traits performed better. Five principal component factors with a cumulative percentage of 79.858 % were extracted by principal component analysis. The effective branch number, number of pod nodes and pods per plant contributed greatly to PCA1, which were the key agronomic traits for excellent resource evaluation. Seven germplasm resources with a weighted score of principal component factor > 1 were selected as excellent germplasm. The results of this study reflected the comprehensive performance of faba bean local germplasm resources in Sichuan, and provided data support for the protection, excavation and utilization of excellent resources.
Sichuan was one of the provinces with rich genetic diversity of faba bean resources. In this paper, 82 Sichuan faba bean local germplasm resources were used as the research object. The diversity level of Sichuan faba bean local resources was identified and evaluated by genetic diversity index, variation coefficient, correlation analysis, cluster analysis and principal component analysis, and excellent germplasm resources were screened. The results showed that the genetic diversity of plant height, 100-seed weight, shape of the leaflets, color of the fresh stem, resistance of chocolate spot and resistance to ascochyta blight of faba bean germplasm resources was rich. The variation coefficient 11 agronomic traits except pod width and growth days ranged from 11.70 % to 38.39 %, and the variation coefficient of seed per pod, number of pod nodes, pods per plant and seeds per plant was larger. The correlation analysis results showed that plant height, 100-seed weight, number of effective branches, number of pod nodes, pods per plant and seeds per plant were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with seed weight per plant. Cluster analysis clustered 82 faba bean germplasm resources into four categories, and class I and IV yield-related traits performed better. Five principal component factors with a cumulative percentage of 79.858 % were extracted by principal component analysis. The effective branch number, number of pod nodes and pods per plant contributed greatly to PCA1, which were the key agronomic traits for excellent resource evaluation. Seven germplasm resources with a weighted score of principal component factor > 1 were selected as excellent germplasm. The results of this study reflected the comprehensive performance of faba bean local germplasm resources in Sichuan, and provided data support for the protection, excavation and utilization of excellent resources.
Available online: March 27, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250207001
Abstract:
An in-depth investigation into wild L. pumilum was conducted in Taigu, Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province. This study, for the first time, clearly delineated the distribution, germplasm diversity and the pattern governing flower color differentiation of L. pumilum in Taigu. Preliminary investigations were conducted into the genetic underpinnings and molecular mechanisms that drive flower color variation among wild L. pumilum populations in Taigu. These variations were evaluated from phenotypic, cytological, physiological and molecular perspectives. The results showed that L. pumilum in Taigu is distributed within a longitude range of 112° 39′ 50″ to 112° 95′ 64″, a latitude range of 37° 19′ 12″ to 37° 42′ 17″, and an altitude range of 963 m to 1430 m. Notably, L. pumilum was absent from Xiaobai, while 683 plants were found in Yangyi, 394 in Fancun and 246 in Houcheng, totaling 1323 plants. Phenotypic diversity of L. pumilum is evident in plant height, stem color, flower color, hairy flower buds and seed color. The diversity in plant height is significantly correlated with altitude, whereas the diversity in flower and stem color was significantly correlated with geographical distribution of the plants. Using a color card and colorimeter, the five flower colors of L. pumilum were identified as orange, orange red, red, dark red and purple red. Orange red was the most abundant color, accounting for 90.2% of the population. Xiaodian and Yangyi are the only locations where all five flower colors coexist. The color differences among these five flower colors are pronounced, with orange and orange red L. pumilum being the most vivid. Carotenoids in the plastids serve as the primary coloring substances found in L. pumilum. The varying carotenoid content in the upper and lower epidermis leads to changes in flower colors between orange, orange red and red varieties. In contrast, the dark red and purple red colors of L. pumilum are due to the carotenoids being largely obscured by anthocyanins present in the vacuoles. Expression analysis of genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway suggests that LpDFR and LpbHLH2 may be the key genes responsible for this color differentiation observed in L. pumilum flowers. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the formulation of protection and innovative utilization strategies for L. pumilum germplasm resources. Additionally, it offers potential germplasm resources for genetic improvement and the cultivation of new varieties of L. pumilum.
An in-depth investigation into wild L. pumilum was conducted in Taigu, Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province. This study, for the first time, clearly delineated the distribution, germplasm diversity and the pattern governing flower color differentiation of L. pumilum in Taigu. Preliminary investigations were conducted into the genetic underpinnings and molecular mechanisms that drive flower color variation among wild L. pumilum populations in Taigu. These variations were evaluated from phenotypic, cytological, physiological and molecular perspectives. The results showed that L. pumilum in Taigu is distributed within a longitude range of 112° 39′ 50″ to 112° 95′ 64″, a latitude range of 37° 19′ 12″ to 37° 42′ 17″, and an altitude range of 963 m to 1430 m. Notably, L. pumilum was absent from Xiaobai, while 683 plants were found in Yangyi, 394 in Fancun and 246 in Houcheng, totaling 1323 plants. Phenotypic diversity of L. pumilum is evident in plant height, stem color, flower color, hairy flower buds and seed color. The diversity in plant height is significantly correlated with altitude, whereas the diversity in flower and stem color was significantly correlated with geographical distribution of the plants. Using a color card and colorimeter, the five flower colors of L. pumilum were identified as orange, orange red, red, dark red and purple red. Orange red was the most abundant color, accounting for 90.2% of the population. Xiaodian and Yangyi are the only locations where all five flower colors coexist. The color differences among these five flower colors are pronounced, with orange and orange red L. pumilum being the most vivid. Carotenoids in the plastids serve as the primary coloring substances found in L. pumilum. The varying carotenoid content in the upper and lower epidermis leads to changes in flower colors between orange, orange red and red varieties. In contrast, the dark red and purple red colors of L. pumilum are due to the carotenoids being largely obscured by anthocyanins present in the vacuoles. Expression analysis of genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway suggests that LpDFR and LpbHLH2 may be the key genes responsible for this color differentiation observed in L. pumilum flowers. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the formulation of protection and innovative utilization strategies for L. pumilum germplasm resources. Additionally, it offers potential germplasm resources for genetic improvement and the cultivation of new varieties of L. pumilum.
Available online: March 14, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241021001
Abstract:
Legumes , including soybean, peanut and pulses crops, play important roles in agriculture system because of their ability in Nitrogen fixation, and they also provide a large amount of plant protein for human, especially for pool people from dry or semi dry regions. . Therefore, legumes are vital in ensuring global food security and human health. Seed coat is a basic trait for legumes, with rich variation of different colors, which not only an index for variety identification in intellectual property protection, but provide more selection for market. It is said that functional factors, such as polyphenols, always contain in seed coat. Thus, investigating the genetics and mechanism of seed color can accelerate the breeding process to meet diverse demands for market. However, up to now, these kinds of study are fairly few, especially in pulses crops, due to the lack of attention in the past decades. In the present study, we overviewed the classification of seed coat color in different legumes, the environmental factors such as light, temperature and water that affect the seed coat colors, the inheritance of different colors in different species, and we also reviewed the related studies on gene mapping and gene cloning. Finally, we discussed the genetic and breeding trends of seed coat color in legumes in future and hope to provide valuable information for those who engage in genetics, breeding, molecular biology, and related areas on legume crops.
Legumes , including soybean, peanut and pulses crops, play important roles in agriculture system because of their ability in Nitrogen fixation, and they also provide a large amount of plant protein for human, especially for pool people from dry or semi dry regions. . Therefore, legumes are vital in ensuring global food security and human health. Seed coat is a basic trait for legumes, with rich variation of different colors, which not only an index for variety identification in intellectual property protection, but provide more selection for market. It is said that functional factors, such as polyphenols, always contain in seed coat. Thus, investigating the genetics and mechanism of seed color can accelerate the breeding process to meet diverse demands for market. However, up to now, these kinds of study are fairly few, especially in pulses crops, due to the lack of attention in the past decades. In the present study, we overviewed the classification of seed coat color in different legumes, the environmental factors such as light, temperature and water that affect the seed coat colors, the inheritance of different colors in different species, and we also reviewed the related studies on gene mapping and gene cloning. Finally, we discussed the genetic and breeding trends of seed coat color in legumes in future and hope to provide valuable information for those who engage in genetics, breeding, molecular biology, and related areas on legume crops.
Available online: March 14, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241227002
Abstract:
Drought is the most important abiotic stress factor limiting the growth of common bean. In this study, 60 representative common bean germplasms were treated with drought stress using natural drought method. 12 leaf physiology characters, such as leaf electrical conductivity, water use efficiency (WUE) and 5 the Photosysm II chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, were analyzed between drought stress treatment group and control group. The drought tolerance of 60 common beans was evaluated by seedling wilting grade and drought tolerance subordinate function value (D value). The results showed that 6 varieties,including F00000017, F00000518, F00002179, F00003370. F00004321 and Nanyang Black variety, were classified as the strongest drought tolerance variety based on the leaf wilting index. Among the 6 varieties, 5 varieties except for Nanyang Black variety were also identified as the strongest drought tolerance variety based on the D value. 6 varieties, including F00001280、F00003346、F00005237、F00004357、F00004392 and F00005243, were classified as the strongest drought-susceptible variety based on the leaf wilting index. F00001280、F00003346、F00005237 were also identified as the strongest drought-susceptible variety based on D value. These results indicated that there were higher consistency in identifying the common bean drought tolerance between the seedling wilting grade method and drought tolerance subordinate function value (D value) method. The strongest drought tolerance varieties and the strongest drought-susceptible varieties identified in this study could be used in the study of common bean drought tolerance mechanism and breeding.
Drought is the most important abiotic stress factor limiting the growth of common bean. In this study, 60 representative common bean germplasms were treated with drought stress using natural drought method. 12 leaf physiology characters, such as leaf electrical conductivity, water use efficiency (WUE) and 5 the Photosysm II chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, were analyzed between drought stress treatment group and control group. The drought tolerance of 60 common beans was evaluated by seedling wilting grade and drought tolerance subordinate function value (D value). The results showed that 6 varieties,including F00000017, F00000518, F00002179, F00003370. F00004321 and Nanyang Black variety, were classified as the strongest drought tolerance variety based on the leaf wilting index. Among the 6 varieties, 5 varieties except for Nanyang Black variety were also identified as the strongest drought tolerance variety based on the D value. 6 varieties, including F00001280、F00003346、F00005237、F00004357、F00004392 and F00005243, were classified as the strongest drought-susceptible variety based on the leaf wilting index. F00001280、F00003346、F00005237 were also identified as the strongest drought-susceptible variety based on D value. These results indicated that there were higher consistency in identifying the common bean drought tolerance between the seedling wilting grade method and drought tolerance subordinate function value (D value) method. The strongest drought tolerance varieties and the strongest drought-susceptible varieties identified in this study could be used in the study of common bean drought tolerance mechanism and breeding.
Available online: March 13, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250123003
Abstract:
Crop germplasm resources are crucial for agricultural production and breeding, serving as the fundamental material basis for improving crop yield and climate adaptability. As one of the world’s widely utilized legume crops for food, vegetables, and feed, faba bean (Vicia faba L.) exhibits increasingly significant industrial value and notable ecological advantages. However, climate change, environmental stress, and transformations in agricultural production systems present new challenges to the conservation and utilization of faba bean germplasm resources. This paper systematically reviews the research progress on faba bean germplasm resources intems of genetic diversity, phenotypic identification and evaluation, disease resistance and stress tolerance screening, nutritional trait optimization, and the application of molecular breeding technologies in faba beans. It focuses on the innovative applications of genomics, molecular markers, high-throughput screening, and breeding technologies. Additionally, the paper delves into protection strategies and innovative utilization methods for germplasm resources, emphasizing the necessity of efficient management. Looking ahead, through the deep integration of multi omics technology and breeding technology, faba bean germplasm resources are expected to play a more profound role in breeding improvement of high-yield and high-quality varieties as well as the sustainable development of agriculture.
Crop germplasm resources are crucial for agricultural production and breeding, serving as the fundamental material basis for improving crop yield and climate adaptability. As one of the world’s widely utilized legume crops for food, vegetables, and feed, faba bean (Vicia faba L.) exhibits increasingly significant industrial value and notable ecological advantages. However, climate change, environmental stress, and transformations in agricultural production systems present new challenges to the conservation and utilization of faba bean germplasm resources. This paper systematically reviews the research progress on faba bean germplasm resources intems of genetic diversity, phenotypic identification and evaluation, disease resistance and stress tolerance screening, nutritional trait optimization, and the application of molecular breeding technologies in faba beans. It focuses on the innovative applications of genomics, molecular markers, high-throughput screening, and breeding technologies. Additionally, the paper delves into protection strategies and innovative utilization methods for germplasm resources, emphasizing the necessity of efficient management. Looking ahead, through the deep integration of multi omics technology and breeding technology, faba bean germplasm resources are expected to play a more profound role in breeding improvement of high-yield and high-quality varieties as well as the sustainable development of agriculture.
LIU Yuping, SUN Yalin, WANG Zhixin, HUANG Xinfang, KUANG Jing, ZHOU Kai, ZHONG Lan, Ji Qun, LIU Zhengwei, LI Feng, LI Shuangmei, PENG Jing, HUANG Laichun, YANG Yingnan, XING Junhao, QIAN Ziyan, WANG Haining, WANG Ying, KE Weidong, ZHU Honglian
Available online: March 10, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250108002
Abstract:
China"s aquatic vegetables mainly include 12 categories, such as lotus, water bamboo, taro, water chestnut, arrowhead, water spinach, water caltrop, gorgon eurgale, water celery, water shield, common cattail and watercress. They have a long cultivation history in China and are characteristic aquatic economic crops. The national aquatic vegetable germplasm resources repository (Wuhan) has long been engaged in the collection, conservation, evaluation and utilization of aquatic vegetable germplasm resources and has become the richest resource repository in terms of the types, resource quantity, ecological types and forms of aquatic vegetables in the world. As of December 2024, the germplasm repository has collected and conserved over 3,449 accessions of aquatic vegetable germplasm resources from both domestic and international sources, establishing a comprehensive conservation system. A total of 140 elite germplasm resources have been identified. These efforts have significantly propelled fundamental research on the genome annotation, genetic diversity, and molecular markers of important traits in aquatic vegetables. They have also effectively promoted the breeding of new varieties, optimization of variety structure, and sustainable development of the aquatic vegetable industry. This paper summarizes and reviews the current situation of the collection and conservation of germplasm resources in the aquatic vegetable resource repository in the past 2 decades, as well as the progress made in the innovative utilization of aquatic vegetable germplasm resources, and looks forward to the research directions regarding the collection, conservation, identification, evaluation, and sharing mechanisms of germplasm resources, in order to provide references for the conservation, the effective utilization and industrial development of China"s aquatic vegetable germplasm resources in the future.
China"s aquatic vegetables mainly include 12 categories, such as lotus, water bamboo, taro, water chestnut, arrowhead, water spinach, water caltrop, gorgon eurgale, water celery, water shield, common cattail and watercress. They have a long cultivation history in China and are characteristic aquatic economic crops. The national aquatic vegetable germplasm resources repository (Wuhan) has long been engaged in the collection, conservation, evaluation and utilization of aquatic vegetable germplasm resources and has become the richest resource repository in terms of the types, resource quantity, ecological types and forms of aquatic vegetables in the world. As of December 2024, the germplasm repository has collected and conserved over 3,449 accessions of aquatic vegetable germplasm resources from both domestic and international sources, establishing a comprehensive conservation system. A total of 140 elite germplasm resources have been identified. These efforts have significantly propelled fundamental research on the genome annotation, genetic diversity, and molecular markers of important traits in aquatic vegetables. They have also effectively promoted the breeding of new varieties, optimization of variety structure, and sustainable development of the aquatic vegetable industry. This paper summarizes and reviews the current situation of the collection and conservation of germplasm resources in the aquatic vegetable resource repository in the past 2 decades, as well as the progress made in the innovative utilization of aquatic vegetable germplasm resources, and looks forward to the research directions regarding the collection, conservation, identification, evaluation, and sharing mechanisms of germplasm resources, in order to provide references for the conservation, the effective utilization and industrial development of China"s aquatic vegetable germplasm resources in the future.
Available online: February 17, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241210001
Abstract:
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is one of the major legume crops, widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, and grown throughout China. Cowpea flower color is an important agronomic trait that plays an important role in its reproduction, but the molecular genetic basis of cowpea flower color variation is not known. To this end, this study used a combination of BSA-seq analysis based on flower color in a population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) and genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) of flower color in a natural population of cowpea (271 accessions), which located the gene controlling flower color between 31.9 Mb and 32.3 Mb on chromosome IX (0.4 Mb region). The analysis showed that this 0.4-Mb region contains 30 genes, among which the TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA 1 (TTG1) gene is located near the peak of SNP-index and is involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Further analysis using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) revealed that there was a significant difference in gene expression of TTG1 between purple and white flag petals. In addition, two pairs of polymorphic SSR primers were screened within this region and were able to distinguish between purple and white flag petal individuals in the RIL population. The results of this study can provide some theoretical basis for cowpea flower color genetic variation and molecular breeding.
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is one of the major legume crops, widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, and grown throughout China. Cowpea flower color is an important agronomic trait that plays an important role in its reproduction, but the molecular genetic basis of cowpea flower color variation is not known. To this end, this study used a combination of BSA-seq analysis based on flower color in a population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) and genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) of flower color in a natural population of cowpea (271 accessions), which located the gene controlling flower color between 31.9 Mb and 32.3 Mb on chromosome IX (0.4 Mb region). The analysis showed that this 0.4-Mb region contains 30 genes, among which the TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA 1 (TTG1) gene is located near the peak of SNP-index and is involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Further analysis using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) revealed that there was a significant difference in gene expression of TTG1 between purple and white flag petals. In addition, two pairs of polymorphic SSR primers were screened within this region and were able to distinguish between purple and white flag petal individuals in the RIL population. The results of this study can provide some theoretical basis for cowpea flower color genetic variation and molecular breeding.
GUO Ming, SI Erjing, WANG Yanxiu, YAO Lirong, WANG Juncheng, ZHANG Hong, LI Baochun, MENG Yaxiong, MA Xiaole, WANG Huajun
Available online: February 11, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241009002
Abstract:
In recent years, fungal diseases have been one of the key factors leading to the decline in crop yields. When plants are attacked by pathogenic fungi, their defense mechanisms primarily involve the complex regulation of disease resistance-related protein synthesis and post-translational modifications of proteins. Ubiquitination, as a post-translational modification of proteins, plays a crucial role in the regulation of the plant immune system. Recent research has revealed the multi-faceted roles of ubiquitination in plant immune responses, including the endocytosis, degradation, and signaling of pattern recognition receptors, as well as interactions with plant hormone signaling pathways. This article reviews the regulatory role of protein ubiquitination modification in plant immune responses, especially the investigation of E3 ubiquitin ligases in the plant""s response to pathogen infection, and looks forward to future research directions, aiming to provide theoretical basis for a deeper understanding of the plant""s inherent resistance regulation mechanism and the breeding of resistant varieties.
In recent years, fungal diseases have been one of the key factors leading to the decline in crop yields. When plants are attacked by pathogenic fungi, their defense mechanisms primarily involve the complex regulation of disease resistance-related protein synthesis and post-translational modifications of proteins. Ubiquitination, as a post-translational modification of proteins, plays a crucial role in the regulation of the plant immune system. Recent research has revealed the multi-faceted roles of ubiquitination in plant immune responses, including the endocytosis, degradation, and signaling of pattern recognition receptors, as well as interactions with plant hormone signaling pathways. This article reviews the regulatory role of protein ubiquitination modification in plant immune responses, especially the investigation of E3 ubiquitin ligases in the plant""s response to pathogen infection, and looks forward to future research directions, aiming to provide theoretical basis for a deeper understanding of the plant""s inherent resistance regulation mechanism and the breeding of resistant varieties.
Available online: January 22, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241021002
Abstract:
Common bacterial blight (CBB) of common bean is one of the most serious diseases affecting the production of common bean, it can occur throughout the whole growth period of common bean. When the disease is severe, it can lead to 80% yield loss. The most effective way to control the disease is to plant resistant varieties. In order to excavate disease-resistant germplasm, 280 resources of common bean were identified for resistance to the disease, and 1 resistant material, 90 moderately resistant materials, and 189 disease-susceptible materials were identified. From the materials, we selected resistant resources of Zihuayundou and susceptible resources Talanghuacaidou for the study of immune response in the early stage of pathogen infection. The results showed that the H2O2 content of resistant materials was always higher than that of susceptible materials after inoculation, and the difference between resistant and susceptible materials could reach a very significant level from 12 h to 96 h. The results of DAB staining also showed that H2O2 accumulation existed in resistant materials at the site of pathogen inoculation. Trypan Blue staining and callose content determination were carried out on samples of resistant and susceptible materials after inoculation. It was found that the callose content in resistant materials was significantly up-regulated 6 h after inoculation. Trypan blue staining results indicated that resistant materials could limit the spread of pathogens by controlling cell death at the inoculation site. These results showed that the resistant varieties triggered the immune response at the early stage of the pathogen infestation, and thus increased the resistance of the plants to the disease.
Common bacterial blight (CBB) of common bean is one of the most serious diseases affecting the production of common bean, it can occur throughout the whole growth period of common bean. When the disease is severe, it can lead to 80% yield loss. The most effective way to control the disease is to plant resistant varieties. In order to excavate disease-resistant germplasm, 280 resources of common bean were identified for resistance to the disease, and 1 resistant material, 90 moderately resistant materials, and 189 disease-susceptible materials were identified. From the materials, we selected resistant resources of Zihuayundou and susceptible resources Talanghuacaidou for the study of immune response in the early stage of pathogen infection. The results showed that the H2O2 content of resistant materials was always higher than that of susceptible materials after inoculation, and the difference between resistant and susceptible materials could reach a very significant level from 12 h to 96 h. The results of DAB staining also showed that H2O2 accumulation existed in resistant materials at the site of pathogen inoculation. Trypan Blue staining and callose content determination were carried out on samples of resistant and susceptible materials after inoculation. It was found that the callose content in resistant materials was significantly up-regulated 6 h after inoculation. Trypan blue staining results indicated that resistant materials could limit the spread of pathogens by controlling cell death at the inoculation site. These results showed that the resistant varieties triggered the immune response at the early stage of the pathogen infestation, and thus increased the resistance of the plants to the disease.
Available online: January 22, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241009001
Abstract:
The modern sugarcane cultivars are mainly the hybrid offspring of a few clones of 2-5 sugarcane species in the genus sugarcane. Owing to the narrow genetic background and close blood relationship, it is difficult for breeders to obtain sugarcane varieties with high yield, high sugar and high stress resistance in the past 30 years. Making full use of the wild relatives of sugarcane is very important for broadening the genetic background and accelerating the nobilization of sugarcane. Erianthus fulvus Ness, a near-source wild species of sugarcane, is not only an important wild germplasm for sugarcane breeding, but also an important resource for genome evolution and functional gene analysis of sugarcane complex. Since the 1980s, great progress has been made in the collection and research of Erianthus fulvus germplasm resources and the cultivation of new sugarcane varieties with drought resistance and cold tolerance by intergeneric hybridization between sugarcane and Erianthus fulvus. In addition, the physiological and molecular response mechanisms of many excellent traits, including high sugar, cold tolerance and drought resistance, have been gradually analyzed in Erianthus fulvus. In order to better explore the molecular basis of the excellent traits of Erianthus fulvus and its application value in sugarcane breeding, This review systematically summarizes the research progress and utilization status of Erianthus fulvus, analyzes the genetic diversity, genome evolution characteristics and sucrose biosynthesis and transport pathways of Erianthus fulvus, and further proposes the application potential of Erianthus fulvus as a model plant and biofuel plant. Additionally, we analyze the molecular response characteristics of Erianthus fulvus to low temperature and drought stress, discuss the problems existing in the research and utilization of Erianthus fulvus, and prospect the future development direction.
The modern sugarcane cultivars are mainly the hybrid offspring of a few clones of 2-5 sugarcane species in the genus sugarcane. Owing to the narrow genetic background and close blood relationship, it is difficult for breeders to obtain sugarcane varieties with high yield, high sugar and high stress resistance in the past 30 years. Making full use of the wild relatives of sugarcane is very important for broadening the genetic background and accelerating the nobilization of sugarcane. Erianthus fulvus Ness, a near-source wild species of sugarcane, is not only an important wild germplasm for sugarcane breeding, but also an important resource for genome evolution and functional gene analysis of sugarcane complex. Since the 1980s, great progress has been made in the collection and research of Erianthus fulvus germplasm resources and the cultivation of new sugarcane varieties with drought resistance and cold tolerance by intergeneric hybridization between sugarcane and Erianthus fulvus. In addition, the physiological and molecular response mechanisms of many excellent traits, including high sugar, cold tolerance and drought resistance, have been gradually analyzed in Erianthus fulvus. In order to better explore the molecular basis of the excellent traits of Erianthus fulvus and its application value in sugarcane breeding, This review systematically summarizes the research progress and utilization status of Erianthus fulvus, analyzes the genetic diversity, genome evolution characteristics and sucrose biosynthesis and transport pathways of Erianthus fulvus, and further proposes the application potential of Erianthus fulvus as a model plant and biofuel plant. Additionally, we analyze the molecular response characteristics of Erianthus fulvus to low temperature and drought stress, discuss the problems existing in the research and utilization of Erianthus fulvus, and prospect the future development direction.
Available online: January 22, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241101001
Abstract:
Mung bean (Vigna radiata) is a characteristic crop in Shanxi Province. Exploring the impact of ecological conditions in different planting areas on the phenotype and quality of green bean germplasm resources is of great significance for optimizing planting strategies, improving green bean yield and nutritional quality. The comprehensive analysis of agronomic traits and nutritional quality of 10 mung bean germplasm from Yuci, Huairen, and Linfen in this study showed that the average number of pods per plant in Huairen area (30.87) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in Yuci (24.07) and Linfen (20.70), while the plant height in Linfen area (66.14 cm) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in Yuci (47.46 cm) and Huairen (42.36 cm). In terms of quality, the average protein content in Linfen area is the highest (26.80%), significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in Huairen (23.82%) and Yuci (23.19%). The starch (47.35%), fat (2.49%), total polyphenols (3.30 mg GAE/g), total flavonoid content (2.34 mg RE/g), DPPH (55.55 μmol/L·Trolox/g), and ABTS free radical scavenging ability (28.75 μmol/L·Trolox/g) in Yuci area were significantly better than those in Huairen area (p<0.05) and Linfen area (p<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis found that the height, fat, total flavonoids, total polyphenols, vitexin, and isovitexin content of mung beans are closely related to the climatic conditions of the production area. The relatively low temperature in Huairen area can promote the accumulation of total flavonoids in mung beans; The higher relative humidity in Yuci area may inhibit fat synthesis; The research results can provide guidance for the quality breeding of mung beans, as well as important theoretical support for the cultivation and production of high-quality mung beans.
Mung bean (Vigna radiata) is a characteristic crop in Shanxi Province. Exploring the impact of ecological conditions in different planting areas on the phenotype and quality of green bean germplasm resources is of great significance for optimizing planting strategies, improving green bean yield and nutritional quality. The comprehensive analysis of agronomic traits and nutritional quality of 10 mung bean germplasm from Yuci, Huairen, and Linfen in this study showed that the average number of pods per plant in Huairen area (30.87) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in Yuci (24.07) and Linfen (20.70), while the plant height in Linfen area (66.14 cm) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in Yuci (47.46 cm) and Huairen (42.36 cm). In terms of quality, the average protein content in Linfen area is the highest (26.80%), significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in Huairen (23.82%) and Yuci (23.19%). The starch (47.35%), fat (2.49%), total polyphenols (3.30 mg GAE/g), total flavonoid content (2.34 mg RE/g), DPPH (55.55 μmol/L·Trolox/g), and ABTS free radical scavenging ability (28.75 μmol/L·Trolox/g) in Yuci area were significantly better than those in Huairen area (p<0.05) and Linfen area (p<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis found that the height, fat, total flavonoids, total polyphenols, vitexin, and isovitexin content of mung beans are closely related to the climatic conditions of the production area. The relatively low temperature in Huairen area can promote the accumulation of total flavonoids in mung beans; The higher relative humidity in Yuci area may inhibit fat synthesis; The research results can provide guidance for the quality breeding of mung beans, as well as important theoretical support for the cultivation and production of high-quality mung beans.
Available online: January 13, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241104001
Abstract:
The genome sequencing of Common bean has been completed, but the research on its important genetic traits and genetic transformation is being carried out gradually. In this study, the WOX gene nucleotide sequence, gene structure, conserved domain, chromosome location and cis-acting elements of common bean. were identified in the whole genome. Genomic collinearity and phylogenetic tree analysis of WOX gene family members in Common bean, Mung bean, Soybean and Arabidopsis were performed. The callus induction system of two common bean. varieties was successfully established. Differentially expressed WOX genes related to callus induction rate were identified by comparison of transcriptome and qRT-PCR analysis. The results showed that the stem callus of two Common bean varieties Long17-3965 and Long10 were successfully induced by MS+0.4mg/L 6-BA+1mg/L 2,4-D and MS+0.6mg/L 6-BA+1mg/L 2,4-D, and the highest healing rate was obtained. The whole genome identified 18 WOX gene family members in common bean, distributed on 10 chromosomes. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that 18 Common bean, 15 Arabidopsis, 58 Mung bean and 33 Soybean WOX gene family members could be divided into three major groups. The conserved domains of WOX genes in three major groups mainly include HD (homeodomain) domains. PvWOXs gene promoters mainly contained 28 different types of cis-acting elements such as "meristem formation correlation" and"auxin response correlation". Genomic collinearity analysis among 4 species was found that most of gene containing the number of synonymous mutation greater than nonsynonymous mutaion in nucleotide sequence. Using MS + 0.4 mg/L 6-BA + 1 mg/L 2,4-D and MS + 0.6 mg/L 6-BA + 1 mg/L 2,4-D medium, a successful system for inducing callus tissue from the hypocotyls of Long 17-3965 and Long 10 was established. Transcriptome analysis revealed 8 differentially expressed WOX genes; correlation analysis showed that PvWOX1/15/16 was related to callus induction rate, with PvWOX1/15 downregulated during callus formation and PvWOX16 upregulated. The 3 WOX differentially expressed gene were identified by comparative transcriptome analysis. qRT-PCR identification results consistented with PvWOX1/15/16 gene expression value FPKM in transcriptomic data.Meantime, PvWOX1/15/16 gene expression level were signifcantly correlated with the rate of callus induction. According to the bove results, it suggested that PvWOX1/15/16 gene can be the potential target genes for the research on genetic transformation in Common bean. Further, this study provides key gene resources for establishing efficient regeneration system and genetic transformation of Common bean in the future.
The genome sequencing of Common bean has been completed, but the research on its important genetic traits and genetic transformation is being carried out gradually. In this study, the WOX gene nucleotide sequence, gene structure, conserved domain, chromosome location and cis-acting elements of common bean. were identified in the whole genome. Genomic collinearity and phylogenetic tree analysis of WOX gene family members in Common bean, Mung bean, Soybean and Arabidopsis were performed. The callus induction system of two common bean. varieties was successfully established. Differentially expressed WOX genes related to callus induction rate were identified by comparison of transcriptome and qRT-PCR analysis. The results showed that the stem callus of two Common bean varieties Long17-3965 and Long10 were successfully induced by MS+0.4mg/L 6-BA+1mg/L 2,4-D and MS+0.6mg/L 6-BA+1mg/L 2,4-D, and the highest healing rate was obtained. The whole genome identified 18 WOX gene family members in common bean, distributed on 10 chromosomes. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that 18 Common bean, 15 Arabidopsis, 58 Mung bean and 33 Soybean WOX gene family members could be divided into three major groups. The conserved domains of WOX genes in three major groups mainly include HD (homeodomain) domains. PvWOXs gene promoters mainly contained 28 different types of cis-acting elements such as "meristem formation correlation" and"auxin response correlation". Genomic collinearity analysis among 4 species was found that most of gene containing the number of synonymous mutation greater than nonsynonymous mutaion in nucleotide sequence. Using MS + 0.4 mg/L 6-BA + 1 mg/L 2,4-D and MS + 0.6 mg/L 6-BA + 1 mg/L 2,4-D medium, a successful system for inducing callus tissue from the hypocotyls of Long 17-3965 and Long 10 was established. Transcriptome analysis revealed 8 differentially expressed WOX genes; correlation analysis showed that PvWOX1/15/16 was related to callus induction rate, with PvWOX1/15 downregulated during callus formation and PvWOX16 upregulated. The 3 WOX differentially expressed gene were identified by comparative transcriptome analysis. qRT-PCR identification results consistented with PvWOX1/15/16 gene expression value FPKM in transcriptomic data.Meantime, PvWOX1/15/16 gene expression level were signifcantly correlated with the rate of callus induction. According to the bove results, it suggested that PvWOX1/15/16 gene can be the potential target genes for the research on genetic transformation in Common bean. Further, this study provides key gene resources for establishing efficient regeneration system and genetic transformation of Common bean in the future.
Available online: November 14, 2024
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240919001
Abstract:
Potato is the world"s fourth largest staple crop with high yield potential. To meet the future challenges of food security, selection of early-maturing and high-yielding potato varieties with stable disease resistance is needed. In this study, in order to assist the research of new potato variety selection and breeding, and to clarify the current status of new potato varieties in China, 227 potato selection and breeding literatures in the China Knowledge Network (CNKI) database were used as research objects, and a knowledge map was constructed by using GraphRAG and Qwen2-70B-instruct and visualized by using Gephi. Based on the constructed knowledge graph, the genealogy, resistance and fertility period of new potato varieties selected and bred in China in recent years were analyzed, and the analysis results indicated that more parents used in the selection and breeding of new potato varieties in recent years were Jizhangyan No. 8, Svante, Longyan No. 7, Feiuretta, and Early Large White, etc. Most of the new potato varieties were resistant to late blight, and most of them were of medium-late to late-maturity and late-ripening fertility. In summary, this study explored the realization path of using a large language model to rapidly construct a knowledge graph for potato new variety selection and breeding research, and analyzed 227 potatoes to provide a reference for the future discovery and utilization of potato germplasm resources.
Potato is the world"s fourth largest staple crop with high yield potential. To meet the future challenges of food security, selection of early-maturing and high-yielding potato varieties with stable disease resistance is needed. In this study, in order to assist the research of new potato variety selection and breeding, and to clarify the current status of new potato varieties in China, 227 potato selection and breeding literatures in the China Knowledge Network (CNKI) database were used as research objects, and a knowledge map was constructed by using GraphRAG and Qwen2-70B-instruct and visualized by using Gephi. Based on the constructed knowledge graph, the genealogy, resistance and fertility period of new potato varieties selected and bred in China in recent years were analyzed, and the analysis results indicated that more parents used in the selection and breeding of new potato varieties in recent years were Jizhangyan No. 8, Svante, Longyan No. 7, Feiuretta, and Early Large White, etc. Most of the new potato varieties were resistant to late blight, and most of them were of medium-late to late-maturity and late-ripening fertility. In summary, this study explored the realization path of using a large language model to rapidly construct a knowledge graph for potato new variety selection and breeding research, and analyzed 227 potatoes to provide a reference for the future discovery and utilization of potato germplasm resources.
Available online: October 24, 2024
Abstract:
To analyze the effects of drought treatments on physiological indexes and DNA methylation levels of winter Brassica Rapa, this study subjected cabbage-type oilseed rape to three treatments, namely, normal water supply, drought stress, and rehydration after drought, and analyzed the changes in the physiological indexes of oilseed rape and the DNA methylation levels of oilseed rape after the different treatments. The results showed that when cabbage-type oilseed rape was subjected to drought stress, malondialdehyde content, antioxidant enzyme activity and osmoregulatory substances increased by 167.27%、254.85%、103.24%、164.64%、49.2% and 37.79%, respectively, and osmoregulatory substances increased by 3.21μg·g-1FW, 0.048 μ g·mg-1FW, and the relative water content of leaves decreased significantly by 53.64%. The physiological indexes were significantly recovered after rewatering; the methylation level of oilseed rape showed an increasing trend after drought, and the methylation rate after rewatering was higher than that of drought and control, with the methylation rate reaching 20.56%.The GO enrichment results showed that the differentially methylated genes were enriched in the biological process, binding and molecular function.KEGG functional enrichment analysis showed that the differentially methylated genes were mainly involved in the ubiquitin mediated protein hydrolysis, cytotoxicity , ABC transporter proteins, carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, and other metabolism-related pathways. There was a correlation between methylation rate and physiological indicators, and combined with the GO and KEGG enrichment results, seven differentially methylated genes encoded peroxidases.
To analyze the effects of drought treatments on physiological indexes and DNA methylation levels of winter Brassica Rapa, this study subjected cabbage-type oilseed rape to three treatments, namely, normal water supply, drought stress, and rehydration after drought, and analyzed the changes in the physiological indexes of oilseed rape and the DNA methylation levels of oilseed rape after the different treatments. The results showed that when cabbage-type oilseed rape was subjected to drought stress, malondialdehyde content, antioxidant enzyme activity and osmoregulatory substances increased by 167.27%、254.85%、103.24%、164.64%、49.2% and 37.79%, respectively, and osmoregulatory substances increased by 3.21μg·g-1FW, 0.048 μ g·mg-1FW, and the relative water content of leaves decreased significantly by 53.64%. The physiological indexes were significantly recovered after rewatering; the methylation level of oilseed rape showed an increasing trend after drought, and the methylation rate after rewatering was higher than that of drought and control, with the methylation rate reaching 20.56%.The GO enrichment results showed that the differentially methylated genes were enriched in the biological process, binding and molecular function.KEGG functional enrichment analysis showed that the differentially methylated genes were mainly involved in the ubiquitin mediated protein hydrolysis, cytotoxicity , ABC transporter proteins, carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, and other metabolism-related pathways. There was a correlation between methylation rate and physiological indicators, and combined with the GO and KEGG enrichment results, seven differentially methylated genes encoded peroxidases.
Available online: October 16, 2024
Abstract:
The content of mineral elements is a crucial indicator for evaluating forage quality and breeding. In recent years, rapeseed has become a valuable high-yield forage source, playing a key role in alleviating the shortage of feed resources in China. This study aimed to reveal the accumulation patterns of major mineral nutrients in the core germplasm of Brassica napus and to support the breeding of mineral-rich rapeseed. We evaluated the phenotypic variation in the contents of K, Ca, Na, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Cu in 280 core germplasms of B. napus using ICP-OES after hydroponic treatment. Through GWAS, we identified molecular markers significantly associated with the content of these minerals and predicted related candidate genes. The results showed significant variation in mineral content among different germplasms, and principal component analysis transformed the seven mineral indicators into three new indicators, with a cumulative contribution rate of 68.479%. Significant positive and negative correlations were found between different minerals; some germplasms exhibited extreme values for multiple minerals. A total of 134 SNPs related to mineral content were identified, and 14 candidate genes were predicted. This study provides important insights for the breeding and creation of new germplasm rich in mineral nutrients.
The content of mineral elements is a crucial indicator for evaluating forage quality and breeding. In recent years, rapeseed has become a valuable high-yield forage source, playing a key role in alleviating the shortage of feed resources in China. This study aimed to reveal the accumulation patterns of major mineral nutrients in the core germplasm of Brassica napus and to support the breeding of mineral-rich rapeseed. We evaluated the phenotypic variation in the contents of K, Ca, Na, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Cu in 280 core germplasms of B. napus using ICP-OES after hydroponic treatment. Through GWAS, we identified molecular markers significantly associated with the content of these minerals and predicted related candidate genes. The results showed significant variation in mineral content among different germplasms, and principal component analysis transformed the seven mineral indicators into three new indicators, with a cumulative contribution rate of 68.479%. Significant positive and negative correlations were found between different minerals; some germplasms exhibited extreme values for multiple minerals. A total of 134 SNPs related to mineral content were identified, and 14 candidate genes were predicted. This study provides important insights for the breeding and creation of new germplasm rich in mineral nutrients.
Available online: April 01, 2025
,DOI: https://doi.org/10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241228001
Abstract:
This article analyzed and evaluated the nutritional quality diversity of 528 mung bean samples from 16 regions in China, with the aim of enhancing the quality of mung bean germplasm resources and optimizing breeding efforts. The study found that the ranges of protein content, starch content, fat content, total polyphenol content and total flavonoid content in all tested samples were 16.14-29.19 g/100 g, 34.48-57.68 g/100 g, 0.67-1.34 g/100 g, 1.63-6.78 mg GAE/g and 0.59-2.83 mg RE/g, respectively; the coefficients of variation (CV) were 6.42%, 4.50%, 11.34%, 21.34% and 23.06%, respectively. Further cluster analysis of the nutritional components of mung bean from different regions showed that the nutritional quality of mung bean germplasm resources from different regions exhibited specificity, with Hubei region''s mung bean resources characterized mainly by high protein content; Jilin and Anhui regions'' mung bean resources characterized mainly by high starch content; Shandong, Hubei, Chongqing, Beijing, Xinjiang, Liaoning, Shanxi, Heilongjiang, Anhui and Hebei regions'' mung bean resources characterized mainly by high fat content; Chongqing region''s mung bean resources characterized mainly by high total polyphenol content; and Guangxi, Beijing, Anhui, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Hubei, Hebei, Shanxi, Heilongjiang, Xinjiang and Shandong regions'' mung bean resources characterized mainly by high total flavonoid content. Correlation analysis indicated positive trends between longitude and protein (r=0.21), starch (r=0.30) and total flavonoids (r=0.40), while total polyphenols showed a negative correlation with longitude (r=-0.40) and fat content was negatively correlated with altitude (r=-0.23). These findings provide critical insights for mung bean quality breeding, high-quality germplasm screening, and sustainable development of the mung bean industry.
This article analyzed and evaluated the nutritional quality diversity of 528 mung bean samples from 16 regions in China, with the aim of enhancing the quality of mung bean germplasm resources and optimizing breeding efforts. The study found that the ranges of protein content, starch content, fat content, total polyphenol content and total flavonoid content in all tested samples were 16.14-29.19 g/100 g, 34.48-57.68 g/100 g, 0.67-1.34 g/100 g, 1.63-6.78 mg GAE/g and 0.59-2.83 mg RE/g, respectively; the coefficients of variation (CV) were 6.42%, 4.50%, 11.34%, 21.34% and 23.06%, respectively. Further cluster analysis of the nutritional components of mung bean from different regions showed that the nutritional quality of mung bean germplasm resources from different regions exhibited specificity, with Hubei region''s mung bean resources characterized mainly by high protein content; Jilin and Anhui regions'' mung bean resources characterized mainly by high starch content; Shandong, Hubei, Chongqing, Beijing, Xinjiang, Liaoning, Shanxi, Heilongjiang, Anhui and Hebei regions'' mung bean resources characterized mainly by high fat content; Chongqing region''s mung bean resources characterized mainly by high total polyphenol content; and Guangxi, Beijing, Anhui, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Hubei, Hebei, Shanxi, Heilongjiang, Xinjiang and Shandong regions'' mung bean resources characterized mainly by high total flavonoid content. Correlation analysis indicated positive trends between longitude and protein (r=0.21), starch (r=0.30) and total flavonoids (r=0.40), while total polyphenols showed a negative correlation with longitude (r=-0.40) and fat content was negatively correlated with altitude (r=-0.23). These findings provide critical insights for mung bean quality breeding, high-quality germplasm screening, and sustainable development of the mung bean industry.
Available online: April 01, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241212005
Abstract:
Low yield per unit is a disadvantage character of mung bean industry in China. The identification of male sterility lines is crucial for harnessing heterosis, which can substantially increase yield. In this study, we identified a male sterile mutant, ms2 (male sterile 2) from the EMS mutant library of Zhonglü5 (ZL5). During the vegetative growth stage, ms2 exhibited no significant phenotypic differences compared to the wild-type ZL5. Although the floral organs of ms2 developed normally, the stamen abortion resulted in a stay-green phenotype of ms2. Genetic analysis revealed that the sterility of ms2 is controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. The F2 population derived from the cross between ms2 and Wankelü3 (WK3) was used as the mapping population. MS2 was mapped within a 66.7 kb interval flanked by markers M5 and M8 on chromosome 6, containing six annotated genes. Sequence analysis of these genes revealed two base transitions in the second and third introns of the glutamine synthetase gene (Vradi06g05640) in ms2. Expression analysis indicated that the expression level of this gene in ms2 was significantly lower than in ZL5, suggesting that Vradi06g05640 is likely the candidate gene for ms2. In summary, our study provides valuable insights into the mechanism of male sterility and the utilization of heterosis in mung bean.
Low yield per unit is a disadvantage character of mung bean industry in China. The identification of male sterility lines is crucial for harnessing heterosis, which can substantially increase yield. In this study, we identified a male sterile mutant, ms2 (male sterile 2) from the EMS mutant library of Zhonglü5 (ZL5). During the vegetative growth stage, ms2 exhibited no significant phenotypic differences compared to the wild-type ZL5. Although the floral organs of ms2 developed normally, the stamen abortion resulted in a stay-green phenotype of ms2. Genetic analysis revealed that the sterility of ms2 is controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. The F2 population derived from the cross between ms2 and Wankelü3 (WK3) was used as the mapping population. MS2 was mapped within a 66.7 kb interval flanked by markers M5 and M8 on chromosome 6, containing six annotated genes. Sequence analysis of these genes revealed two base transitions in the second and third introns of the glutamine synthetase gene (Vradi06g05640) in ms2. Expression analysis indicated that the expression level of this gene in ms2 was significantly lower than in ZL5, suggesting that Vradi06g05640 is likely the candidate gene for ms2. In summary, our study provides valuable insights into the mechanism of male sterility and the utilization of heterosis in mung bean.
YAO Xinjie, ZHANG Fengqin, ZHANG Zhe, XU Binghan, WANG Min, HU Ningyan, DENG Zihao, BIE Siyuan, LI Peifu
Available online: March 31, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241230002
Abstract:
Identifying Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) and candidate genes related to resistant starch (RS) content in rice grains aids in elucidating the genetic mechanisms underlying RS accumulation and facilitates the breeding of rice varieties with high RS content. In this study, 139 rice germplasm resources were utilized as research materials, and their grain RS content was measured over three consecutive years from 2021 to 2023. Combining 255,501 high-quality Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) markers, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted using the FarmCPU model, revealing a total of 12 QTLs significantly associated with rice grain RS content. Among them, qRS-8-8 was consistently detected in four environments, explaining 33.99% of phenotypic variation, while qRS-11-1 was repeatedly detected in two environments, accounting for 14.06% of phenotypic variation. By annotating gene functions, analyzing differential gene expression levels, and conducting haplotype analysis, two candidate genes related to grain RS content were screened within the repeatedly detected QTL intervals. Specifically, LOC_Os08g28670 encodes a pathogenesis-related/Bet v1-like protein family member, and LOC_Os11g44950 encodes a glycoside hydrolase family 3 protein. The findings of this study provide a theoretical reference for further elucidating the genetic mechanisms of RS content formation in rice grains and contribute to the genetic improvement of rice quality.
Identifying Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) and candidate genes related to resistant starch (RS) content in rice grains aids in elucidating the genetic mechanisms underlying RS accumulation and facilitates the breeding of rice varieties with high RS content. In this study, 139 rice germplasm resources were utilized as research materials, and their grain RS content was measured over three consecutive years from 2021 to 2023. Combining 255,501 high-quality Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) markers, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted using the FarmCPU model, revealing a total of 12 QTLs significantly associated with rice grain RS content. Among them, qRS-8-8 was consistently detected in four environments, explaining 33.99% of phenotypic variation, while qRS-11-1 was repeatedly detected in two environments, accounting for 14.06% of phenotypic variation. By annotating gene functions, analyzing differential gene expression levels, and conducting haplotype analysis, two candidate genes related to grain RS content were screened within the repeatedly detected QTL intervals. Specifically, LOC_Os08g28670 encodes a pathogenesis-related/Bet v1-like protein family member, and LOC_Os11g44950 encodes a glycoside hydrolase family 3 protein. The findings of this study provide a theoretical reference for further elucidating the genetic mechanisms of RS content formation in rice grains and contribute to the genetic improvement of rice quality.
huang zhenling, 阮丽霞, 严华兵, 王天亮, 阮孟斌, 何观永, 梁振华, 李恒锐, 杨海霞, 李文彬, 蔡兆琴, 邓清文, 黄若兰, 兰秀, 张秀芬, 郭素云, 何文, 莫周美, 李天元, 韦婉羚
Available online: March 31, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241214001
Abstract:
“Postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD)” represents a unique postharvest stress response in cassava (Manihot esculenta), severely constraining its commercialization. The scarcity of PPD-tolerant germplasm resources constitutes a critical bottleneck restricting industrial development of cassava.. Therefore, creation and selecting novel PPD-tolerant cassava germplasms, coupled with the elucidation of their resistance mechanisms, are of critical importance for effectively addressing cassava PPD challenges. In this study, 166 germplasms of Xin Xuan 048 (XX048) inbred line of cassava were used as research objects to observe and evaluate the degree of decay of cassava tubers stored for 0d, 6d, 12d, 18d, 24d and 30d after harvesting, and samples were taken to determine relevant physiological indicators of the tubers. The results showed that X045 and X126 began to brown on the 24th day of storage, X077, X088, and X147 began to brown on the 30th day of storage, and the browing area of the five germplasms were all less than 10%,which showed that these five germplasms were more PPD resistant and had good storage resistance, and could be used as excellent materials for breeding cassava for PPD resistance.X024 and X100 showed varying degrees of browning on the 12th day of storage, and X062, X085, and X133 began to show browning on the 18th day of storage. After 24 days of storage, the browning area of all five germplasms exceeded 50%,and the tubers were seriously decayed after 30 days of storage, which indicated that they were prone to PPD and had poor storage tolerance after harvesting. Correlation analysis showed that the browning area of germplasm was positively correlated with dry matter content, starch content and POD enzyme activity significantly, positively correlated with SOD and CAT enzyme activity and MDA content, and negatively correlated with β-carotene content.It can be seen that germplasm with high dry matter content and starch content of cassava tubers are more susceptible to postharvest decay and poor PPD resistance.The content of β-carotene can be used as the main indicator for evaluating the PPD tolerance of cassava inbred lines. The results of this study will provide data support for the research of on the mechanism of regulating PPD resistance in cassava and the breeding of new varieties resistant to PPD. The findings provide a material basis for storage tolerance, PPD resistance mechanisms and new varieties breeding of cassava. At the same time, it is of great significance for the growth and development of cassava.
“Postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD)” represents a unique postharvest stress response in cassava (Manihot esculenta), severely constraining its commercialization. The scarcity of PPD-tolerant germplasm resources constitutes a critical bottleneck restricting industrial development of cassava.. Therefore, creation and selecting novel PPD-tolerant cassava germplasms, coupled with the elucidation of their resistance mechanisms, are of critical importance for effectively addressing cassava PPD challenges. In this study, 166 germplasms of Xin Xuan 048 (XX048) inbred line of cassava were used as research objects to observe and evaluate the degree of decay of cassava tubers stored for 0d, 6d, 12d, 18d, 24d and 30d after harvesting, and samples were taken to determine relevant physiological indicators of the tubers. The results showed that X045 and X126 began to brown on the 24th day of storage, X077, X088, and X147 began to brown on the 30th day of storage, and the browing area of the five germplasms were all less than 10%,which showed that these five germplasms were more PPD resistant and had good storage resistance, and could be used as excellent materials for breeding cassava for PPD resistance.X024 and X100 showed varying degrees of browning on the 12th day of storage, and X062, X085, and X133 began to show browning on the 18th day of storage. After 24 days of storage, the browning area of all five germplasms exceeded 50%,and the tubers were seriously decayed after 30 days of storage, which indicated that they were prone to PPD and had poor storage tolerance after harvesting. Correlation analysis showed that the browning area of germplasm was positively correlated with dry matter content, starch content and POD enzyme activity significantly, positively correlated with SOD and CAT enzyme activity and MDA content, and negatively correlated with β-carotene content.It can be seen that germplasm with high dry matter content and starch content of cassava tubers are more susceptible to postharvest decay and poor PPD resistance.The content of β-carotene can be used as the main indicator for evaluating the PPD tolerance of cassava inbred lines. The results of this study will provide data support for the research of on the mechanism of regulating PPD resistance in cassava and the breeding of new varieties resistant to PPD. The findings provide a material basis for storage tolerance, PPD resistance mechanisms and new varieties breeding of cassava. At the same time, it is of great significance for the growth and development of cassava.
liuxiaona, wangpeiguo, jiahongchang, liangxin, jiangliwei, sunbaiquan, sunyanhui, xialingshi, zhangjinmei, hantianfu
Available online: March 31, 2025
,DOI: https://doi.org/10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250201002
Abstract:
Pollen, serving as the essential carrier of plant male reproductive cells, encapsulates a complete set of haploid nuclear genomic information specific to a given plant species. The long-term preservation of pollen holds immense significance for botanical research, crop breeding, agricultural production, and the conservation of plant genetic diversity. This article comprehensively reviews the factors affecting pollen viability and the methods for its detection. It also summarizes the research advancements in pollen preservation techniques, such as drying, low-temperature, ultra-low temperature, and organic solvent storage methods. The authors further analyze the applications of pollen preservation in plant breeding and genetic resource conservation and deliberate on the prospects of future research. The aim is to offer a reference for promoting innovation in pollen preservation technologies.
Pollen, serving as the essential carrier of plant male reproductive cells, encapsulates a complete set of haploid nuclear genomic information specific to a given plant species. The long-term preservation of pollen holds immense significance for botanical research, crop breeding, agricultural production, and the conservation of plant genetic diversity. This article comprehensively reviews the factors affecting pollen viability and the methods for its detection. It also summarizes the research advancements in pollen preservation techniques, such as drying, low-temperature, ultra-low temperature, and organic solvent storage methods. The authors further analyze the applications of pollen preservation in plant breeding and genetic resource conservation and deliberate on the prospects of future research. The aim is to offer a reference for promoting innovation in pollen preservation technologies.
Yu Ze Wang, Wang Shanshan, Wen Hongwei, Wang Yuzhi, Zhang Jinhui, Shan Hao, Yan Jinlong, Zhang Junling, Yang Bin
Available online: March 31, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250123001
Abstract:
To accelerate the creation of high-quality germplasm resources for drought-resistant wheat and enrich genetic diversity, this study constructed a mutant library of wheat Chang 6990 using EMS (ethyl methanesulfonate) mutation technology and systematically screened its phenotypic traits and high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS). A phenotypic analysis of 20,331 individual plants from the M2 population identified 3,244 mutant plants, covering 10 phenotypic traits, including stem, leaf, awn, spike type, fertility, and growth period, with a total mutation rate of 15.96%. Additionally, a phenotypic analysis of 2,064 harvested mutant materials revealed 25 grain mutants, with mutation types including grain length, color, and fullness, yielding a mutation rate of 1.21%. Through SDS-PAGE identification, a total of 23 HMW-GS deletion mutants were screened, which showed the deletion of Bx7, By9, Dx5 and Dy10 in Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 loci. In this study, EMS mutagenesis technology was used to create abundant phenotypic mutants and HMW-GS mutant materials, which effectively eliminated the potential interference of genetic background differences on wheat quality traits, provided valuable genetic resources for dryland wheat quality breeding, and provided important basic data for in-depth understanding of the relationship between wheat quality traits and genetic variation.
To accelerate the creation of high-quality germplasm resources for drought-resistant wheat and enrich genetic diversity, this study constructed a mutant library of wheat Chang 6990 using EMS (ethyl methanesulfonate) mutation technology and systematically screened its phenotypic traits and high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS). A phenotypic analysis of 20,331 individual plants from the M2 population identified 3,244 mutant plants, covering 10 phenotypic traits, including stem, leaf, awn, spike type, fertility, and growth period, with a total mutation rate of 15.96%. Additionally, a phenotypic analysis of 2,064 harvested mutant materials revealed 25 grain mutants, with mutation types including grain length, color, and fullness, yielding a mutation rate of 1.21%. Through SDS-PAGE identification, a total of 23 HMW-GS deletion mutants were screened, which showed the deletion of Bx7, By9, Dx5 and Dy10 in Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 loci. In this study, EMS mutagenesis technology was used to create abundant phenotypic mutants and HMW-GS mutant materials, which effectively eliminated the potential interference of genetic background differences on wheat quality traits, provided valuable genetic resources for dryland wheat quality breeding, and provided important basic data for in-depth understanding of the relationship between wheat quality traits and genetic variation.
Available online: March 26, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241216001
Abstract:
Constructing selfing populations is one of the important pathways for breeding new cassava varieties. To investigate the genetic differences within the selfing populations of the edible cassava variety ‘Gui 11’ and to screen for superior germplasm, ‘Gui 11’ selfing populations were carried out through a phenotypic identification and genetic diversity analysis. These analyses included phenotypic trait evaluation, variation coefficient, genetic diversity index, correlation and principal component analysis, SSR polymorphism ratios, genetic similarity coefficients, and cluster analysis. The results indicated that the 99 resources of the edible cassava variety ‘Gui 11’ selfing populations exhibited differences in 43 phenotypic traits. The variation coefficient for 33 qualitative traits ranged from 7.14% to 994.99%, with the highest in fruit and the lowest in petiole growth oriention. The genetic diversity index ranged from 0.06 to 1.59, with the highest in branching level and the lowest in petiole growth oriention. The coefficient of variation for 10 quantitative traits ranged from 13.49% to 62.30%, with the highest in branching height and the lowest in internode spacing; the genetic diversity index for 10 quantitative traits ranged from 1.78 to 2.09, with the highest in lobed leaf length and the lowest in plant height. A total of 15 principal components were extracted from the 43 phenotypic traits, with 27 phenotypic traits such as the color of the main stem inner bark, young stem color, vein color, and top leaf color, which can be used as the main indicators for the identification of this selfing population. Genetic diversity analysis using SSR molecular markers revealed that 25 pairs of primers amplified 148 bands, with a polymorphism ratio of 83.56%. The genetic variation among the resources of ‘Gui 11’ selfing populations was substantial, with genetic similarity coefficients ranging from 0.48 to 0.91. The highest genetic similarity coefficient was between line 94 and the parent ‘Gui 11’ at 0.78, and the lowest was between line 143 and the parent at 0.59. In this study, a batch of specific germplasm and intermediate materials have been selected through the identification and evaluation of the population, which enriched the genetic diversity of cassava germplasm resources in China and provided a research foundation for the breeding of new edible cassava varieties.
Constructing selfing populations is one of the important pathways for breeding new cassava varieties. To investigate the genetic differences within the selfing populations of the edible cassava variety ‘Gui 11’ and to screen for superior germplasm, ‘Gui 11’ selfing populations were carried out through a phenotypic identification and genetic diversity analysis. These analyses included phenotypic trait evaluation, variation coefficient, genetic diversity index, correlation and principal component analysis, SSR polymorphism ratios, genetic similarity coefficients, and cluster analysis. The results indicated that the 99 resources of the edible cassava variety ‘Gui 11’ selfing populations exhibited differences in 43 phenotypic traits. The variation coefficient for 33 qualitative traits ranged from 7.14% to 994.99%, with the highest in fruit and the lowest in petiole growth oriention. The genetic diversity index ranged from 0.06 to 1.59, with the highest in branching level and the lowest in petiole growth oriention. The coefficient of variation for 10 quantitative traits ranged from 13.49% to 62.30%, with the highest in branching height and the lowest in internode spacing; the genetic diversity index for 10 quantitative traits ranged from 1.78 to 2.09, with the highest in lobed leaf length and the lowest in plant height. A total of 15 principal components were extracted from the 43 phenotypic traits, with 27 phenotypic traits such as the color of the main stem inner bark, young stem color, vein color, and top leaf color, which can be used as the main indicators for the identification of this selfing population. Genetic diversity analysis using SSR molecular markers revealed that 25 pairs of primers amplified 148 bands, with a polymorphism ratio of 83.56%. The genetic variation among the resources of ‘Gui 11’ selfing populations was substantial, with genetic similarity coefficients ranging from 0.48 to 0.91. The highest genetic similarity coefficient was between line 94 and the parent ‘Gui 11’ at 0.78, and the lowest was between line 143 and the parent at 0.59. In this study, a batch of specific germplasm and intermediate materials have been selected through the identification and evaluation of the population, which enriched the genetic diversity of cassava germplasm resources in China and provided a research foundation for the breeding of new edible cassava varieties.
Available online: March 14, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250108001
Abstract:
Glutamate receptor like channels (GLRs) are a type of Ca2+channel proteins involved in cellular metabolism, seed germination, plant growth and development, as well as long-distance signal transmission. Here, in this study, a total of 29 soybean GLR members were identified through a comprehensive proteomic identification of soybean. Their phylogenetic relationship suggests that these soybean GLR genes can be classied into three subfamilies, members within the same subfamily exhibits conserved gene structure and motif compositions. Cis-acting elements analysis indicates that the promoter regions of soybean GLRs contain a variety of regulatory elements related to hormones, stress, light, and plant growth and development. The analysis of tissue and stress expression patterns shows that GLR genes are highly expressed across various tissues in soybeans and involved in salt and alkaline stress. GmGLRs exhibit significant variations under salt and alkaline stress by qRT-PCR analysis, suggesting that GmGLR3.13/15/4.8/4.9/4.10 may play an important role in stress response.In summary, the results of this study provide an important theoretical basis for further investigating the role of soybean GLR genesin stress responses.
Glutamate receptor like channels (GLRs) are a type of Ca2+channel proteins involved in cellular metabolism, seed germination, plant growth and development, as well as long-distance signal transmission. Here, in this study, a total of 29 soybean GLR members were identified through a comprehensive proteomic identification of soybean. Their phylogenetic relationship suggests that these soybean GLR genes can be classied into three subfamilies, members within the same subfamily exhibits conserved gene structure and motif compositions. Cis-acting elements analysis indicates that the promoter regions of soybean GLRs contain a variety of regulatory elements related to hormones, stress, light, and plant growth and development. The analysis of tissue and stress expression patterns shows that GLR genes are highly expressed across various tissues in soybeans and involved in salt and alkaline stress. GmGLRs exhibit significant variations under salt and alkaline stress by qRT-PCR analysis, suggesting that GmGLR3.13/15/4.8/4.9/4.10 may play an important role in stress response.In summary, the results of this study provide an important theoretical basis for further investigating the role of soybean GLR genesin stress responses.
LIANG Jiahao, LI Zhao, LIU Yu, WANG Yixin, MENG Xin, HE Zehua, ZHANG Wenrui, HU Qingliang, PAN Ting, KANG Shuli, ZHAO Xinhua, YU Haiqiu, ZHONG Chao
Available online: March 14, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241110002
Abstract:
The stem rot caused by the soil-borne pathogenic fungus Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. is a devastating disease that limits peanut production in China and other countries around the world. To explore novel resistant germplasm resources against this disease, our study conducted a seedling-stage resistance identification on 703 peanut germplasm resources. The results showed significant virulence differences among three pathogenic isolates, as well as certain resistance differences among the germplasm resources from various origins. Evaluation of seedling-stage identified three germplasm resources SNHD132, SNHD072, and Baihuashengfen exhibited resistance against all three isolates. Subsequently the three resistant varieties were subjected to both in vitro inoculation and field inoculation for resistance identification. The results indicated that after in vitro inoculation, the lesion expansion on the three resistant varieties was significantly smaller than that on the susceptible control materials. After field inoculation, the three resistant materials showed significantly lower plant mortality rate, seed infection rate, and yield loss compared to the susceptible control varieties. Combining seedling-stage, in vitro, and field identifications, this study obtained resistant resources and provides excellent materials and a theoretical basis for future breeding of new varieties resistant to stem rot disease and related genetic research.
The stem rot caused by the soil-borne pathogenic fungus Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. is a devastating disease that limits peanut production in China and other countries around the world. To explore novel resistant germplasm resources against this disease, our study conducted a seedling-stage resistance identification on 703 peanut germplasm resources. The results showed significant virulence differences among three pathogenic isolates, as well as certain resistance differences among the germplasm resources from various origins. Evaluation of seedling-stage identified three germplasm resources SNHD132, SNHD072, and Baihuashengfen exhibited resistance against all three isolates. Subsequently the three resistant varieties were subjected to both in vitro inoculation and field inoculation for resistance identification. The results indicated that after in vitro inoculation, the lesion expansion on the three resistant varieties was significantly smaller than that on the susceptible control materials. After field inoculation, the three resistant materials showed significantly lower plant mortality rate, seed infection rate, and yield loss compared to the susceptible control varieties. Combining seedling-stage, in vitro, and field identifications, this study obtained resistant resources and provides excellent materials and a theoretical basis for future breeding of new varieties resistant to stem rot disease and related genetic research.
LI Jiong, XU Bin-qi, LIANG Zi-xing, CAO Zhen-qiang, HOU Bing-bing, HONG Yu, CHENG Jiao-wen, HU Kai-lin, CUI Jun-jie
Available online: March 13, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241126002
Abstract:
Bitter gourd is a traditional melon vegetable in China, characterized by a very narrow genetic background of variety resources. Consequently, there is an urgent need to broaden the utilization of germplasm resources in breeding applications. In this study, we used the small-fruited wild subspecies Momordica charantia ssp. macroloba ‘NJ’ as the maternal parent and the common subspecies M. charantia ssp. charantia ‘Tan’ as the paternal parent. Based on resequencing and bin marker genotyping, we constructed a genetic map of inter-subspecies in bitter gourd, and employed the multiple-QTL model (MQM) method to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with fruit-related traits. The results showed that the constructed genetic map of inter-subspecies in bitter gourd comprised 1,563 bin markers, spanning 11 chromosomes with a total genetic distance of 1,556.91 cM and an average marker interval of 1.00 cM. A comparison of the genetic and physical maps revealed an inversion region of approximately 11 Mb on chromosome MC08 between the two subspecies of bitter gourd. The QTL mapping results indicated that a total of seven QTL reached the LOD detection threshold, including two for fruit length (qFL5.1 and qFL7.1), two for fruit shape index (qFSI1.1 and qFSI4.1), two for fruit weight (qFW5.1 and qFW6.1), and one for fruit shape (qFS5.1). The fruit length QTL qFL5.1, fruit shape QTL qFS5.1, and fruit weight QTL qFW5.1 colocalized to form a major-effect QTL interval, with contribution rates of 23.00%, 30.20%, and 24.80%, respectively. The two QTLs for fruit shape index (qFSI1.1 and qFSI4.1) were different from the fruit shape QTL qFS5.1, with contribution rates of 22.80% and 14.60%, respectively. The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of the genomic variation between the two subspecies of bitter gourd and provide the foundation for inter-subspecific germplasm innovation and gene mining of fruit-related traits.
Bitter gourd is a traditional melon vegetable in China, characterized by a very narrow genetic background of variety resources. Consequently, there is an urgent need to broaden the utilization of germplasm resources in breeding applications. In this study, we used the small-fruited wild subspecies Momordica charantia ssp. macroloba ‘NJ’ as the maternal parent and the common subspecies M. charantia ssp. charantia ‘Tan’ as the paternal parent. Based on resequencing and bin marker genotyping, we constructed a genetic map of inter-subspecies in bitter gourd, and employed the multiple-QTL model (MQM) method to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with fruit-related traits. The results showed that the constructed genetic map of inter-subspecies in bitter gourd comprised 1,563 bin markers, spanning 11 chromosomes with a total genetic distance of 1,556.91 cM and an average marker interval of 1.00 cM. A comparison of the genetic and physical maps revealed an inversion region of approximately 11 Mb on chromosome MC08 between the two subspecies of bitter gourd. The QTL mapping results indicated that a total of seven QTL reached the LOD detection threshold, including two for fruit length (qFL5.1 and qFL7.1), two for fruit shape index (qFSI1.1 and qFSI4.1), two for fruit weight (qFW5.1 and qFW6.1), and one for fruit shape (qFS5.1). The fruit length QTL qFL5.1, fruit shape QTL qFS5.1, and fruit weight QTL qFW5.1 colocalized to form a major-effect QTL interval, with contribution rates of 23.00%, 30.20%, and 24.80%, respectively. The two QTLs for fruit shape index (qFSI1.1 and qFSI4.1) were different from the fruit shape QTL qFS5.1, with contribution rates of 22.80% and 14.60%, respectively. The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of the genomic variation between the two subspecies of bitter gourd and provide the foundation for inter-subspecific germplasm innovation and gene mining of fruit-related traits.
PENG Xiao-yang, TIAN Ze-miao, ZHU Jian-feng, YANG Zhi-min, FENG Xi-bo, LIAO Wen-hua, YI Zhu-hu, LI Ji-guang, LI Wei, Tang Xin-ke, WANG Jun-zhen, ZHOU Mei-liang
Available online: March 10, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241231002
Abstract:
Nyingchi City is located in the southeast of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which belongs to the mountain valley landform in the warm and semi-humid climate of the plateau, with a large vertical elevation drop and rich and unique wild buckwheat resources. A series of changes in temperature, humidity, air pressure, and ultraviolet intensity brought about by altitude changes can cause changes in plant morphology and metabolite content. In order to explore the relationship between functional traits of wild buckwheat and altitude, the wild buckwheat germplasm collected by the wild buckwheat expedition team of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Nyingchi City in October 2023 were investigated and collected, and five altitude gradients of 3,100m, 3,300m, 3,500m, 3,700m, and 3,900m were selected. To compare and analyze the morphological differences and flavonoid metabolite contents of wild Tartary buckwheat. The results showed that 1000-grain weight, grain length, grain width, grain diameter, grain perimeter, and grain area of wild Tartary buckwheat increased first and then decreased with the increase of altitude, reaching the maximum at 3700m altitude and significantly higher than other altitude gradients. There were also significant differences in the content of flavonoid metabolites in wild Tartary buckwheat at different elevation gradients: The contents of rutin and quercetin in wild Tartary buckwheat at 3900m altitude were significantly higher than those at other altitudes (p < 0.05). The contents of quercetin 7-O-glucoside, proanthocyanidins B1 and proanthocyanidins C1 in wild Tartary buckwheat at 3700m altitude were the highest, and the contents of proanthocyanidins in wild Tartary buckwheat at 3500m altitude were the highest. The highest content of kaempferol, cyanidin, afodaside, and pyroside was found in wild Tartary buckwheat at 3300m. The results analyzed the differences in the distribution and abundance, seed traits and flavonoid content of wild buckwheat under different altitude gradients, revealed the physiological mechanism of wild buckwheat in adapting to the ecological environment, laid a foundation for exploring the adaptive evolution of wild buckwheat, and also provided ideas for breeding buckwheat to resist adversity.
Nyingchi City is located in the southeast of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which belongs to the mountain valley landform in the warm and semi-humid climate of the plateau, with a large vertical elevation drop and rich and unique wild buckwheat resources. A series of changes in temperature, humidity, air pressure, and ultraviolet intensity brought about by altitude changes can cause changes in plant morphology and metabolite content. In order to explore the relationship between functional traits of wild buckwheat and altitude, the wild buckwheat germplasm collected by the wild buckwheat expedition team of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Nyingchi City in October 2023 were investigated and collected, and five altitude gradients of 3,100m, 3,300m, 3,500m, 3,700m, and 3,900m were selected. To compare and analyze the morphological differences and flavonoid metabolite contents of wild Tartary buckwheat. The results showed that 1000-grain weight, grain length, grain width, grain diameter, grain perimeter, and grain area of wild Tartary buckwheat increased first and then decreased with the increase of altitude, reaching the maximum at 3700m altitude and significantly higher than other altitude gradients. There were also significant differences in the content of flavonoid metabolites in wild Tartary buckwheat at different elevation gradients: The contents of rutin and quercetin in wild Tartary buckwheat at 3900m altitude were significantly higher than those at other altitudes (p < 0.05). The contents of quercetin 7-O-glucoside, proanthocyanidins B1 and proanthocyanidins C1 in wild Tartary buckwheat at 3700m altitude were the highest, and the contents of proanthocyanidins in wild Tartary buckwheat at 3500m altitude were the highest. The highest content of kaempferol, cyanidin, afodaside, and pyroside was found in wild Tartary buckwheat at 3300m. The results analyzed the differences in the distribution and abundance, seed traits and flavonoid content of wild buckwheat under different altitude gradients, revealed the physiological mechanism of wild buckwheat in adapting to the ecological environment, laid a foundation for exploring the adaptive evolution of wild buckwheat, and also provided ideas for breeding buckwheat to resist adversity.
ZHANG Chaohui, LI Yongjie, LI Yongjie, BAI Chengjiao, LU Lili, BAO Lixian, ZhAO Zhijian, BAI Jianming, YANG Jing, PAN Zhechao
Available online: March 05, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241030002
Abstract:
The horizontal resistance to potato late blight is controlled by minorgene with low efficiency through phenotype evaluation. In order to innovate potato germplasm resources with horizontal resistance, this study selected 8 parental materials for cross and constructed 9 hybrid populations. Combined with the late blight resistance evaluation by detached leaf assay, molecular assisted selection was performed on 60 resistant and susceptible hybrid offspring materials by horizontal resistance gene PCR sequencing, 19 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites of 8 resistance genes were detected. The results showed that StAOS2-SNP691、StAOS2-SNP692、StGP28-SNP794、PLOX1-SNP8344 beneficial SNP loci was positively associated with late blight resistance. the proportion of beneficial SNP homozygous sites in disease resistant materials in the hybrid offspring population was 9.56%, which was higher than that in susceptible materials in the offspring population (5.65%) and higher than that in parental materials (7.89%). A phylogenetic analysis of 19 SNP markers in 8 genes cluster 60 materials into 3 resistant branches and 3 susceptible branches. By combining phenotype, breeding pedigree and molecular markers of horizontal resistance genes, breeding values related to resistance to late blight were calculated, and excellent individual plants such as PC2312-3, PC2312-15, and PC2313-19 with high breeding values and beneficial SNP homozygous loci were screened, providing materials for genetic improvement of potato horizontal resistance populations.
The horizontal resistance to potato late blight is controlled by minorgene with low efficiency through phenotype evaluation. In order to innovate potato germplasm resources with horizontal resistance, this study selected 8 parental materials for cross and constructed 9 hybrid populations. Combined with the late blight resistance evaluation by detached leaf assay, molecular assisted selection was performed on 60 resistant and susceptible hybrid offspring materials by horizontal resistance gene PCR sequencing, 19 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites of 8 resistance genes were detected. The results showed that StAOS2-SNP691、StAOS2-SNP692、StGP28-SNP794、PLOX1-SNP8344 beneficial SNP loci was positively associated with late blight resistance. the proportion of beneficial SNP homozygous sites in disease resistant materials in the hybrid offspring population was 9.56%, which was higher than that in susceptible materials in the offspring population (5.65%) and higher than that in parental materials (7.89%). A phylogenetic analysis of 19 SNP markers in 8 genes cluster 60 materials into 3 resistant branches and 3 susceptible branches. By combining phenotype, breeding pedigree and molecular markers of horizontal resistance genes, breeding values related to resistance to late blight were calculated, and excellent individual plants such as PC2312-3, PC2312-15, and PC2313-19 with high breeding values and beneficial SNP homozygous loci were screened, providing materials for genetic improvement of potato horizontal resistance populations.
Available online: March 03, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250120001
Abstract:
Rice is a significant staple crop, with salinity being a primary abiotic stress leading to reduced yields. Improving rice alkaline tolerance to expand cultivation areas is vital for boosting total production and securing food supply. In this study, a mutant with significantly reduced alkaline tolerance was identified from the γ-ray induced mutation library of the Geng/japonica rice variety Sasanishiki (WT). The target gene was located in an 87.7 kb region between P2 and P3 on chromosome 11, containing nine open reading frames (ORFs) through map-based cloning. Sequence comparison revealed a deletion of four bases in the third exon of ORF9 in the mutant, leading to premature termination of the gene. Therefore, ORF9 is hypothesized to be the candidate gene responsible for reduced alkaline tolerance and has been named Alkaline Tolerance 11 (AT11). AT11 encodes a putative peptide transporter (PTR). Transgenic experiments showed that CRISPR/Cas9 knockout lines of AT11 weakens alkaline tolerance, whereas its overexpression significantly enhances alkaline tolerance. AT11 is expressed in all tissues of rice, with the highest expression in the panicle. Yeast two-hybrid and Immunoprecipitation assays revealed that AT11 can interact with GS3, the heterotrimeric G-protein γ subunit in rice. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation experiments show that AT11 and GS3 interact on the plasma membrane. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that the differentially expressed genes between WT and AT11 knockout lines were significant enriched in pigment binding and photosynthesis. Yield testing under field conditions at pH 9.0 showed that overexpressing AT11 significantly increases yield, demonstrating that AT11 can enhance the productivity of rice on saline-alkaline soils, with potential salt alkaline resistance broad breeding application prospects.
Rice is a significant staple crop, with salinity being a primary abiotic stress leading to reduced yields. Improving rice alkaline tolerance to expand cultivation areas is vital for boosting total production and securing food supply. In this study, a mutant with significantly reduced alkaline tolerance was identified from the γ-ray induced mutation library of the Geng/japonica rice variety Sasanishiki (WT). The target gene was located in an 87.7 kb region between P2 and P3 on chromosome 11, containing nine open reading frames (ORFs) through map-based cloning. Sequence comparison revealed a deletion of four bases in the third exon of ORF9 in the mutant, leading to premature termination of the gene. Therefore, ORF9 is hypothesized to be the candidate gene responsible for reduced alkaline tolerance and has been named Alkaline Tolerance 11 (AT11). AT11 encodes a putative peptide transporter (PTR). Transgenic experiments showed that CRISPR/Cas9 knockout lines of AT11 weakens alkaline tolerance, whereas its overexpression significantly enhances alkaline tolerance. AT11 is expressed in all tissues of rice, with the highest expression in the panicle. Yeast two-hybrid and Immunoprecipitation assays revealed that AT11 can interact with GS3, the heterotrimeric G-protein γ subunit in rice. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation experiments show that AT11 and GS3 interact on the plasma membrane. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that the differentially expressed genes between WT and AT11 knockout lines were significant enriched in pigment binding and photosynthesis. Yield testing under field conditions at pH 9.0 showed that overexpressing AT11 significantly increases yield, demonstrating that AT11 can enhance the productivity of rice on saline-alkaline soils, with potential salt alkaline resistance broad breeding application prospects.
Available online: March 03, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241209001
Abstract:
Rice lesion mimic mutants play a crucial role in studying programmed cell death and broad-spectrum disease resistance in rice. In this study, we first report a novel panicle and leaf spot1 mutant (panicle and leaf spot 1, pls1), which develops reddish-brown spots on leaves starting from the three-leaf stage, expanding with plant growth and affecting other organs. Unlike previously reported rice lesion mimic mutants, pls1 exhibits reddish-brown lesions on the panicle branches and glumes after heading, and the panicles dry up at maturity, severely affecting yield. This represents a new type of rice lesion mimic. The combination of map-cloning and whole genome resequencing revealed that the pls1 mutant produced a large deletion of 173403 bp, resulting in 7 gene deletions and 1 gene promoter deletion. Gene function prediction and gene expression data in database confirm that PLS1 encodes tryptamine 5-hydroxylase (Os12g0268000).The pls1 mutant leads to excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), programmed cell death, and chloroplast degradation, reducing photosynthetic capacity. Melatonin plays an important role in plant salt tolerance. Further functional analysis showed that the loss of PLS1 significantly inhibits the expression of melatonin synthesis related enzyme genes OsTDC1, OsTDC3, OsSNAT1, OsASMT1, and OsCOMT in rice, resulting in decreased salt tolerance of the pls1 mutant. In summary, the panicle and leaf spot mutant pls1 is a new type of rice lesion mimic mutant, providing new germplasm for studying the mechanisms related to rice lesion mimics. The analysis of salt tolerance reveals a new function of tryptamine 5-hydroxylase, offering a new perspective for studying its mechanisms in programmed cell death and salt tolerance.
Rice lesion mimic mutants play a crucial role in studying programmed cell death and broad-spectrum disease resistance in rice. In this study, we first report a novel panicle and leaf spot1 mutant (panicle and leaf spot 1, pls1), which develops reddish-brown spots on leaves starting from the three-leaf stage, expanding with plant growth and affecting other organs. Unlike previously reported rice lesion mimic mutants, pls1 exhibits reddish-brown lesions on the panicle branches and glumes after heading, and the panicles dry up at maturity, severely affecting yield. This represents a new type of rice lesion mimic. The combination of map-cloning and whole genome resequencing revealed that the pls1 mutant produced a large deletion of 173403 bp, resulting in 7 gene deletions and 1 gene promoter deletion. Gene function prediction and gene expression data in database confirm that PLS1 encodes tryptamine 5-hydroxylase (Os12g0268000).The pls1 mutant leads to excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), programmed cell death, and chloroplast degradation, reducing photosynthetic capacity. Melatonin plays an important role in plant salt tolerance. Further functional analysis showed that the loss of PLS1 significantly inhibits the expression of melatonin synthesis related enzyme genes OsTDC1, OsTDC3, OsSNAT1, OsASMT1, and OsCOMT in rice, resulting in decreased salt tolerance of the pls1 mutant. In summary, the panicle and leaf spot mutant pls1 is a new type of rice lesion mimic mutant, providing new germplasm for studying the mechanisms related to rice lesion mimics. The analysis of salt tolerance reveals a new function of tryptamine 5-hydroxylase, offering a new perspective for studying its mechanisms in programmed cell death and salt tolerance.
Available online: February 28, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250103002
Abstract:
Research on abortion and the mechanism of Cucurbita pepo L male infertility is of great value for promoting breeding and hybrids production. Taking the male sterile plants (X-MS) and fertile plants (X-MF) of zucchini as test materials, through transcriptome sequencing, as well as the determination of endogenous hormone contents, antioxidant enzyme activities, sucrose and starch contents, the results showed that from the tetrad stage (T1), early uninucleate stage (T2), middle to late uninucleate stage (T3), binucleate stage (T4) to two days before flowering stage (T5), the endogenous hormone contents in X-MS showed deficits and other abnormalities as the development of flower buds, the antioxidant enzyme activities showed abnormal changes, and starch and sucrose contents generally showed a shortfall trend. From T1 to T3, 1,947 differentially expressed genes were identified through transcriptome sequencing, among which 911 were up-regulated and 1036 were down-regulated. GO enrichment analysis indicated that catalytic activity, binding function, cellular process, and metabolic process were the most annotations in molecular function and biological process. KEGG annotation found that the differential genes were mainly enriched in pathways such as plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism. By analyzing the pathways of plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and starch and sucrose metabolism, further screening for genes related to peroxidase, sucrose synthase, and IAA. These genes may play important roles in the pollen development process of zucchini of male sterile, and provide a reference for further research on the molecular mechanism of male sterility in zucchini.
Research on abortion and the mechanism of Cucurbita pepo L male infertility is of great value for promoting breeding and hybrids production. Taking the male sterile plants (X-MS) and fertile plants (X-MF) of zucchini as test materials, through transcriptome sequencing, as well as the determination of endogenous hormone contents, antioxidant enzyme activities, sucrose and starch contents, the results showed that from the tetrad stage (T1), early uninucleate stage (T2), middle to late uninucleate stage (T3), binucleate stage (T4) to two days before flowering stage (T5), the endogenous hormone contents in X-MS showed deficits and other abnormalities as the development of flower buds, the antioxidant enzyme activities showed abnormal changes, and starch and sucrose contents generally showed a shortfall trend. From T1 to T3, 1,947 differentially expressed genes were identified through transcriptome sequencing, among which 911 were up-regulated and 1036 were down-regulated. GO enrichment analysis indicated that catalytic activity, binding function, cellular process, and metabolic process were the most annotations in molecular function and biological process. KEGG annotation found that the differential genes were mainly enriched in pathways such as plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism. By analyzing the pathways of plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and starch and sucrose metabolism, further screening for genes related to peroxidase, sucrose synthase, and IAA. These genes may play important roles in the pollen development process of zucchini of male sterile, and provide a reference for further research on the molecular mechanism of male sterility in zucchini.
Available online: February 28, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241202002
Abstract:
Glycine tomentella, which belongs to Glycine subgenus of Glycine Willd., is a secondary protected wild plant in China. It is distributed in the coastal areas of Fujian and Guangdong and nearby islands. It is an important genetic resource for soybean breeding. In recent years, due toland development, the abuse of herbicides, environmental changes and many other factors in the distribution area, the population of G. tomentella has been affected to varying degrees. Therefore, it is urgent to clarify the plant composition and community structure characteristics of the community, in order to provide theoretical basis for the protection of the original habitat of the species. In this study, 50 G. tomentella plant communities were selected in the coastal zone of Fujian and Guangdong. The ecological data of plant composition, plant density and average plant height of 255 quadrats (1m×1m) were investigated, and the species diversity, interspecific relationship and niche characteristics of the communities were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) There were significant differences in the plant composition of G. tomentella community between Fujian and Guangdong provinces. A total of 166 species belonging to 138 genera and 48 families were recorded, including 123 species of herbaceous plants (74.10%); There are 53 species belonging to 45 genera, 23 families unique to Fujian Province and 70 species belonging to 64 genera, 27 families unique to Guangdong Province. There are 13 dominant species shared between the two provinces, and the composition of the primary dominant species also exhibits considerable differences.(2) The interspecific association degree of the community species in Fujian Province was higher than that in Guangdong Province, and the distribution of species was more uniform at the quadrat level. (3) The niche breadth of Imperata cylindrica and Cynodon dactylon in Guangdong Province was much higher than that in Fujian Province; The species with higher niche overlap between the two communities are completely different. This indicates that the niche characteristics of the same species exhibit geographical adaptability. (4) The results of overall and interspecific association analysis and interspecific correlation analysis showed that most species pairs showed no significant negative correlation, and the species were basically independent, and the communities in the two provinces were in an unstable state.
Glycine tomentella, which belongs to Glycine subgenus of Glycine Willd., is a secondary protected wild plant in China. It is distributed in the coastal areas of Fujian and Guangdong and nearby islands. It is an important genetic resource for soybean breeding. In recent years, due toland development, the abuse of herbicides, environmental changes and many other factors in the distribution area, the population of G. tomentella has been affected to varying degrees. Therefore, it is urgent to clarify the plant composition and community structure characteristics of the community, in order to provide theoretical basis for the protection of the original habitat of the species. In this study, 50 G. tomentella plant communities were selected in the coastal zone of Fujian and Guangdong. The ecological data of plant composition, plant density and average plant height of 255 quadrats (1m×1m) were investigated, and the species diversity, interspecific relationship and niche characteristics of the communities were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) There were significant differences in the plant composition of G. tomentella community between Fujian and Guangdong provinces. A total of 166 species belonging to 138 genera and 48 families were recorded, including 123 species of herbaceous plants (74.10%); There are 53 species belonging to 45 genera, 23 families unique to Fujian Province and 70 species belonging to 64 genera, 27 families unique to Guangdong Province. There are 13 dominant species shared between the two provinces, and the composition of the primary dominant species also exhibits considerable differences.(2) The interspecific association degree of the community species in Fujian Province was higher than that in Guangdong Province, and the distribution of species was more uniform at the quadrat level. (3) The niche breadth of Imperata cylindrica and Cynodon dactylon in Guangdong Province was much higher than that in Fujian Province; The species with higher niche overlap between the two communities are completely different. This indicates that the niche characteristics of the same species exhibit geographical adaptability. (4) The results of overall and interspecific association analysis and interspecific correlation analysis showed that most species pairs showed no significant negative correlation, and the species were basically independent, and the communities in the two provinces were in an unstable state.
WANG Zong-he, ZHANG Hong-yan, YANG Xin, LI Zheng-li, XIANG Chao, YANG Mei, LIU Yu-jiao, HE Yu-hua, TENG Chang-cai, HON Wan-wei, DAI Zheng-ming, LV Mei-yuan, ZONG Xu-xiao, YANG Tao, LIU Rong
Available online: February 28, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241212004
Abstract:
Common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) is an annual legume with high protein content, well-adapted to cold climates, drought conditions, and poor soil fertility. It is extensively utilized as a green manure and livestock feed, playing a crucial role in crop rotation systems. However, systematic investigation and collection as well as identification and evaluation of germplasm resources in common vetch have been lacking in China until now. In order to further explore its utilization potential and select high-yielding and superior germplasm varieties, this study collected 214 germplasm resources of common vetch from the regions of Guizhou, Qinghai, Sichuan-Chongqing, and Yunnan. Field trials were conducted and phenotypic data was investigated for diversity analysis and identification. The results revealed a rich genetic diversity in the 16 agronomic traits of the germplasm resources, with seed number per plant (SNPP) exhibiting the highest coefficient of variation at 70%. Correlation analysis indicated predominantly positive associations among most of the characters. Statistical analysis was performed to comparing trait differences between common vetch from different regions, which demonstrated no significant distinction between Guizhou and Sichuan-Chongqing areas, while notable variations were observed between Qinghai and Yunnan germplasm and other regions across multiple traits. Principal component analysis (PCA) condensed the 16 agronomic traits into five principal components, which accounted for a cumulative contribution rate of 81.1%. The first principal component primarily encompassed yield-related traits such as grain weight per plant, grain number per plant, dry pod length, and pod number per plant; whereas the second principal component mainly represented grain size attributes including hundred-grain weight, grain length, and grain width. Three-dimensional cluster analysis based on PCA exhibited distinct phenotypic differentiation among germplasm from different regions. Germplasm from Yunnan and Qinghai formed separate clusters while those from Guizhou and Sichuan grouped together, indicating morphological trait similarities within Sichuan and Guizhou resources. Through further phenotypic identification and evaluation, two high-yielding germplasm with a pods per plant (PPP) exceeding 100, seed number per plant (SNPP) surpassing 800, and seed weight per plant (SWPP) exceeding 10 grams were selected, which provides valuable resources and theoretical support for the conservation, utilization, and breeding enhancement of common vetch germplasm resources.
Common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) is an annual legume with high protein content, well-adapted to cold climates, drought conditions, and poor soil fertility. It is extensively utilized as a green manure and livestock feed, playing a crucial role in crop rotation systems. However, systematic investigation and collection as well as identification and evaluation of germplasm resources in common vetch have been lacking in China until now. In order to further explore its utilization potential and select high-yielding and superior germplasm varieties, this study collected 214 germplasm resources of common vetch from the regions of Guizhou, Qinghai, Sichuan-Chongqing, and Yunnan. Field trials were conducted and phenotypic data was investigated for diversity analysis and identification. The results revealed a rich genetic diversity in the 16 agronomic traits of the germplasm resources, with seed number per plant (SNPP) exhibiting the highest coefficient of variation at 70%. Correlation analysis indicated predominantly positive associations among most of the characters. Statistical analysis was performed to comparing trait differences between common vetch from different regions, which demonstrated no significant distinction between Guizhou and Sichuan-Chongqing areas, while notable variations were observed between Qinghai and Yunnan germplasm and other regions across multiple traits. Principal component analysis (PCA) condensed the 16 agronomic traits into five principal components, which accounted for a cumulative contribution rate of 81.1%. The first principal component primarily encompassed yield-related traits such as grain weight per plant, grain number per plant, dry pod length, and pod number per plant; whereas the second principal component mainly represented grain size attributes including hundred-grain weight, grain length, and grain width. Three-dimensional cluster analysis based on PCA exhibited distinct phenotypic differentiation among germplasm from different regions. Germplasm from Yunnan and Qinghai formed separate clusters while those from Guizhou and Sichuan grouped together, indicating morphological trait similarities within Sichuan and Guizhou resources. Through further phenotypic identification and evaluation, two high-yielding germplasm with a pods per plant (PPP) exceeding 100, seed number per plant (SNPP) surpassing 800, and seed weight per plant (SWPP) exceeding 10 grams were selected, which provides valuable resources and theoretical support for the conservation, utilization, and breeding enhancement of common vetch germplasm resources.
Available online: February 27, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250107001
Abstract:
Drought is an important factor affecting the growth and development of maize. Therefore, identifying drought-resistant genes is vital for the genetic improvement of drought resistance in maize. In this study, the leaf rolling mutant swl5 (sensitive to water loss 5) was selected from the mutant library of EMS-mutagenized inbred line RP125. swl5 mutant exhibited a distinct leaf wilting and rolling phenotype under drought stress in the field. Map-based cloning revealed that the candidate gene was localized to a physical region of 280 kb on chromosome 5, which contains 9 coding genes. In this interval, a C-T mutation occurred at the 748th nucleotide of the GRMZM2G002260 gene, resulting in a premature stop codon. GRMZM2G002260 encodes the endo-1,4-xylanase gene ZmWI5. To further verify the gene function, the mutant wi5 of ZmWI5 was obtained. The F1 plant derived from the cross of swl5 and wi5 mutant displayed the same leaf wilting and rolling phenotype as swl5 and wi5, indicating that swl5 is a new allele mutant of ZmWI5. Under drought stress, the swl5 mutant showed a significant drought sensitive phenotype, with photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate significantly reduced compared to wild type (WT), while leaf temperature significantly increased, and the content of H2O2 and O2- were notably elevated. The expression of genes involved in cellulose synthesis (CESA5) and xylan synthesis (DUF579, GT47, IRX9, IRX9H-1, IRX9H-2, GUX1, TBL33) was significantly down-regulated in the swl5 under both well-watered and drought stress. In summary, it is indicated that Swl5 encodes the ZmWI5 gene. The swl5 mutant exhibits a drought sensitive phenotype, and the expression of genes related to xylan synthesis is significantly reduced in the mutant.
Drought is an important factor affecting the growth and development of maize. Therefore, identifying drought-resistant genes is vital for the genetic improvement of drought resistance in maize. In this study, the leaf rolling mutant swl5 (sensitive to water loss 5) was selected from the mutant library of EMS-mutagenized inbred line RP125. swl5 mutant exhibited a distinct leaf wilting and rolling phenotype under drought stress in the field. Map-based cloning revealed that the candidate gene was localized to a physical region of 280 kb on chromosome 5, which contains 9 coding genes. In this interval, a C-T mutation occurred at the 748th nucleotide of the GRMZM2G002260 gene, resulting in a premature stop codon. GRMZM2G002260 encodes the endo-1,4-xylanase gene ZmWI5. To further verify the gene function, the mutant wi5 of ZmWI5 was obtained. The F1 plant derived from the cross of swl5 and wi5 mutant displayed the same leaf wilting and rolling phenotype as swl5 and wi5, indicating that swl5 is a new allele mutant of ZmWI5. Under drought stress, the swl5 mutant showed a significant drought sensitive phenotype, with photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate significantly reduced compared to wild type (WT), while leaf temperature significantly increased, and the content of H2O2 and O2- were notably elevated. The expression of genes involved in cellulose synthesis (CESA5) and xylan synthesis (DUF579, GT47, IRX9, IRX9H-1, IRX9H-2, GUX1, TBL33) was significantly down-regulated in the swl5 under both well-watered and drought stress. In summary, it is indicated that Swl5 encodes the ZmWI5 gene. The swl5 mutant exhibits a drought sensitive phenotype, and the expression of genes related to xylan synthesis is significantly reduced in the mutant.
Available online: February 25, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250109003
Abstract:
It is aimed to explore the effects of bud dormancy states on the survival of mulberry germplasm resources during cryopreservation, and to provide scientific basis and technical support for clarifying the suitable dormancy states for cryopreservation of dormant buds. In this study, one-year-old branches of ''Hu mulberry'' were sampled on December 8th, 18th, 28th, 2023, and January 7th, 2024, during the winter season. The budding rates, first bud germination times, carbohydrates, osmotic regulating substances and endogenous hormones of the dormant buds were measured. In addition, their survival rates of cryopreservation and recovery were analyzed. Results showed that two dormancy stages of endodormancy to ecodormancy transformation and release of endodormancy into ecodormancy, as well as three dormancy depths of deep dormancy (6 days after entering dormancy), moderate dormancy (16-26 days after entering dormancy) and shallow dormancy (36 days after entering dormancy) were obtained, based on the budding rates and the germination times of the first bud. After cryopreservation of mulberry dormant buds and recovery by tissue culture, the survival rate was up to 90%. With the release of endodormancy for dormant buds sampled, the survival rates after cryoprservation decreased, and the lowest survival rates were obtained when the dormant buds were sampled in the shallow dormancy state (36 days after entering dormancy). During the process of endodormancy of ''Hu mulberry'', the content of soluble sugar increased first and then decreased, and reached the maximum at moderate dormancy (26 days after entering dormancy), and then decreased. The starch and soluble sugar contents showed the opposite trends. Soluble protein and proline increased with the release of endodormancy. The contents of four endogenous hormones such as abscisic acid (ABA) during the deep dormancy state (6 days after entering dormancy) were significantly higher than other states. In conclusion, the dormant buds with deep dormancy and moderate dormancy in December (within 26 days after entering dormancy) were selected as the suitable materials for cryopreservation of mulberry germplasm resources.
It is aimed to explore the effects of bud dormancy states on the survival of mulberry germplasm resources during cryopreservation, and to provide scientific basis and technical support for clarifying the suitable dormancy states for cryopreservation of dormant buds. In this study, one-year-old branches of ''Hu mulberry'' were sampled on December 8th, 18th, 28th, 2023, and January 7th, 2024, during the winter season. The budding rates, first bud germination times, carbohydrates, osmotic regulating substances and endogenous hormones of the dormant buds were measured. In addition, their survival rates of cryopreservation and recovery were analyzed. Results showed that two dormancy stages of endodormancy to ecodormancy transformation and release of endodormancy into ecodormancy, as well as three dormancy depths of deep dormancy (6 days after entering dormancy), moderate dormancy (16-26 days after entering dormancy) and shallow dormancy (36 days after entering dormancy) were obtained, based on the budding rates and the germination times of the first bud. After cryopreservation of mulberry dormant buds and recovery by tissue culture, the survival rate was up to 90%. With the release of endodormancy for dormant buds sampled, the survival rates after cryoprservation decreased, and the lowest survival rates were obtained when the dormant buds were sampled in the shallow dormancy state (36 days after entering dormancy). During the process of endodormancy of ''Hu mulberry'', the content of soluble sugar increased first and then decreased, and reached the maximum at moderate dormancy (26 days after entering dormancy), and then decreased. The starch and soluble sugar contents showed the opposite trends. Soluble protein and proline increased with the release of endodormancy. The contents of four endogenous hormones such as abscisic acid (ABA) during the deep dormancy state (6 days after entering dormancy) were significantly higher than other states. In conclusion, the dormant buds with deep dormancy and moderate dormancy in December (within 26 days after entering dormancy) were selected as the suitable materials for cryopreservation of mulberry germplasm resources.
Available online: February 24, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250119001
Abstract:
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), as an important food and economic crop, has significant implications for the sustainable development of breeding work and food security through the preservation of its germplasm resources. Cryopreservation of shoot tips, which saves space and labor, and reduces the risk of genetic variation during storage, is an important method for the long-term preservation of germplasm resources of vegetatively propagated crops like cassava. The droplet-vitrification method is currently a widely used technique for shoot tip cryopreservation, but it has not been optimized for cassava shoot tips, limiting its application for cassava long-term conservation. Therefore, this study used hormone-free MS medium as the recovery medium to optimize key steps in the droplet-vitrification cryopreservation process for cassava shoot tips. The study found that a 4-hour preculture in 0.3 mol/L sucrose MS medium before loading solution treatment, combined with 50-60 minutes of cryoprotection on ice using PVS2 plant vitrification solution, significantly enhanced the cryopreservation effect, resulting in an 85.6% survival rate and a 63.3% regeneration rate for cassava ''COL777'' shoot tips after ultra-low temperature preservation. In a genotype applicability test involving 15 cassava genotypes, 8 of them achieved regeneration rates ranging from 33.3% to 73.3% after ultra-low temperature preservation. However, the cryopreservation effects were unsatisfactory for 7 genotypes. Consequently, the study subsequently optimized the regeneration medium following shoot tip cryopreservation. It was discovered that removing auxin (NAA) and adding a lower concentration of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) to the regeneration medium prevented the formation of callus tissue from the cryopreserved shoot tips, thereby improving the regeneration rate. Ultimately, an optimized regeneration medium, RMB2, was developed: 0.09 μmol/L 6-BA + 0.23 μmol/L gibberellic acid (GA3) + 4.4 g/L MS + 30 g/L sucrose + 7 g/L agar. When cassava ''COL777'' and ''SC8002'' were cultivated on RMB2 after cryopreservation, their regeneration rates were 86% and 69%, respectively. In a test involving 7 genotypes using RMB2, 4 of them achieved shoot tip regeneration rates above 30% after cryopreservation. Overall, 80% of the cassava genotypes tested achieved regeneration rates above 30% after cryopreservation using the optimized ultra-low temperature preservation technique. This result also enhances the genotype applicability of the droplet-vitrification method. Therefore, the droplet-vitrification ultra-low temperature preservation system established in this study is simple and efficient, significantly promoting the development of cassava germplasm cryopreservation work and better protecting cassava germplasm resources.
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), as an important food and economic crop, has significant implications for the sustainable development of breeding work and food security through the preservation of its germplasm resources. Cryopreservation of shoot tips, which saves space and labor, and reduces the risk of genetic variation during storage, is an important method for the long-term preservation of germplasm resources of vegetatively propagated crops like cassava. The droplet-vitrification method is currently a widely used technique for shoot tip cryopreservation, but it has not been optimized for cassava shoot tips, limiting its application for cassava long-term conservation. Therefore, this study used hormone-free MS medium as the recovery medium to optimize key steps in the droplet-vitrification cryopreservation process for cassava shoot tips. The study found that a 4-hour preculture in 0.3 mol/L sucrose MS medium before loading solution treatment, combined with 50-60 minutes of cryoprotection on ice using PVS2 plant vitrification solution, significantly enhanced the cryopreservation effect, resulting in an 85.6% survival rate and a 63.3% regeneration rate for cassava ''COL777'' shoot tips after ultra-low temperature preservation. In a genotype applicability test involving 15 cassava genotypes, 8 of them achieved regeneration rates ranging from 33.3% to 73.3% after ultra-low temperature preservation. However, the cryopreservation effects were unsatisfactory for 7 genotypes. Consequently, the study subsequently optimized the regeneration medium following shoot tip cryopreservation. It was discovered that removing auxin (NAA) and adding a lower concentration of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) to the regeneration medium prevented the formation of callus tissue from the cryopreserved shoot tips, thereby improving the regeneration rate. Ultimately, an optimized regeneration medium, RMB2, was developed: 0.09 μmol/L 6-BA + 0.23 μmol/L gibberellic acid (GA3) + 4.4 g/L MS + 30 g/L sucrose + 7 g/L agar. When cassava ''COL777'' and ''SC8002'' were cultivated on RMB2 after cryopreservation, their regeneration rates were 86% and 69%, respectively. In a test involving 7 genotypes using RMB2, 4 of them achieved shoot tip regeneration rates above 30% after cryopreservation. Overall, 80% of the cassava genotypes tested achieved regeneration rates above 30% after cryopreservation using the optimized ultra-low temperature preservation technique. This result also enhances the genotype applicability of the droplet-vitrification method. Therefore, the droplet-vitrification ultra-low temperature preservation system established in this study is simple and efficient, significantly promoting the development of cassava germplasm cryopreservation work and better protecting cassava germplasm resources.
Available online: February 20, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241209003
Abstract:
Abstract:‘native peach’is the popular name for the local varieties (lines, plants) in southern Xinjiang. From 2014 to 2024, we explored peach germplasm resources about15 times around Tarim Basin at 24 counties in South of Xinjiang, mainly in Kashgar and Wada etc. Among these counties, Yarkant County in Kashgar region has the largest nature population of native peach. A total of 313 [第一作者研究方向为桃种质资源与遗传育种研究，Email: wanglirong@caas.cn 通信作者：王力荣，研究方向为桃种质资源与遗传育种研究，Email: wanglirong@caas.cn 基金项目：中国农业科学院科技创新工程（CAAS-ASTIP-2023-ZFRI-01），国家园艺种质资源库(NHGRC)，农业农村部物种保护项目 与利用项目] peach germplasm resources were evaluated, including 223 accessiones belonged to P. persica L., 76 accessiones belonged to P. ferganensis Kost.et Riab and 13 Peach- Almond, which maybe the natural hybrid ppopulation between Prunus persica .and P. communis or P. ferganensis× P. communis. Ripen date are from early July to early November , fruit types include 262 peaches, 50 nectarines and 1 flat peach. The color of the skin and flesh are diversity, including pure green, pure yellow, pure white, etc. , some rare and endangered germplasm such as small nectarine, Hetian Green Tao, Hetian White Tao, Shache Green Tao, Yecheng Yellow No. 1, Moyu Yellow No. 1, Yellow-rowed Tao and White-rowed Tao were discovered. The distribution and diversity level of native peach germplasm resources in this region were basically clarified. The current situation of production and utilization of native peach was intoduced. It was suggested that aroud Tarim Basin was by far the most abundant region of local variety diversity in China, a number of varieties were screened out for commerical production and breeding program, which laid a foundation for the protection and utilization of native peach in this area.
Abstract:‘native peach’is the popular name for the local varieties (lines, plants) in southern Xinjiang. From 2014 to 2024, we explored peach germplasm resources about15 times around Tarim Basin at 24 counties in South of Xinjiang, mainly in Kashgar and Wada etc. Among these counties, Yarkant County in Kashgar region has the largest nature population of native peach. A total of 313 [第一作者研究方向为桃种质资源与遗传育种研究，Email: wanglirong@caas.cn 通信作者：王力荣，研究方向为桃种质资源与遗传育种研究，Email: wanglirong@caas.cn 基金项目：中国农业科学院科技创新工程（CAAS-ASTIP-2023-ZFRI-01），国家园艺种质资源库(NHGRC)，农业农村部物种保护项目 与利用项目] peach germplasm resources were evaluated, including 223 accessiones belonged to P. persica L., 76 accessiones belonged to P. ferganensis Kost.et Riab and 13 Peach- Almond, which maybe the natural hybrid ppopulation between Prunus persica .and P. communis or P. ferganensis× P. communis. Ripen date are from early July to early November , fruit types include 262 peaches, 50 nectarines and 1 flat peach. The color of the skin and flesh are diversity, including pure green, pure yellow, pure white, etc. , some rare and endangered germplasm such as small nectarine, Hetian Green Tao, Hetian White Tao, Shache Green Tao, Yecheng Yellow No. 1, Moyu Yellow No. 1, Yellow-rowed Tao and White-rowed Tao were discovered. The distribution and diversity level of native peach germplasm resources in this region were basically clarified. The current situation of production and utilization of native peach was intoduced. It was suggested that aroud Tarim Basin was by far the most abundant region of local variety diversity in China, a number of varieties were screened out for commerical production and breeding program, which laid a foundation for the protection and utilization of native peach in this area.
Available online: February 20, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241211003
Abstract:
To clarify the phenotypic differences and genetic relationships of the starch-type potatoes, and to provide a research basis and breeding materials for the breeding and quality improvement of new starch-type potato varieties. This study used 26 starch-type potato germplasm resources as materials. Through field agronomic trait observation, quality trait measurement, and simple sequence repeats (SSR) marker analysis, genetic diversity was analyzed based on both phenotypic and molecular markers. The results showed that the coefficient of variation of the phenotypic traits ranged from 9.15% to 94.14%, with the highest coefficient of variation for the number of branches, and the lowest coefficient of variation for the dry matter content. The genetic diversity index ranged from 1.71 to 2.09, with the highest genetic diversity index for the number of main stems (2.09) and the lowest for the number of branches (1.71). Based on phenotypic traits, the materials were divided into 4 groups. 31 pairs of SSR primers amplified 408 polymorphic loci, with a polymorphic loci rate of 85.18%. On average, each pair of primer amplified 13.16 polymorphic locis, and the polymorphic information content of the primers ranged from 0.101 6 to 0.402 4. Based on the SSR marker results, the materials were classified into 4 clusters. Cluster I only included Qingshu No. 9, with red tuber skin; Cluster II contained 22 materials, of which 21 were bred in Gansu, Ningxia, Shanxi, and Heilongjiang provinces, all originating from the Northern single-cropping zone; Cluster III consisted of Dingshu No. 4, characterized by purple-red tuber eyes; Cluster IV included 2 introduced materials. The two clustering results showed consistency in the grouping but differences in the classification of subgroups. 17 materials were classified into the same group under both clustering conditions. Combining phenotypic and SSR markers provides a more comprehensive and accurate reflection of the genetic differences among the germplasm resources.
To clarify the phenotypic differences and genetic relationships of the starch-type potatoes, and to provide a research basis and breeding materials for the breeding and quality improvement of new starch-type potato varieties. This study used 26 starch-type potato germplasm resources as materials. Through field agronomic trait observation, quality trait measurement, and simple sequence repeats (SSR) marker analysis, genetic diversity was analyzed based on both phenotypic and molecular markers. The results showed that the coefficient of variation of the phenotypic traits ranged from 9.15% to 94.14%, with the highest coefficient of variation for the number of branches, and the lowest coefficient of variation for the dry matter content. The genetic diversity index ranged from 1.71 to 2.09, with the highest genetic diversity index for the number of main stems (2.09) and the lowest for the number of branches (1.71). Based on phenotypic traits, the materials were divided into 4 groups. 31 pairs of SSR primers amplified 408 polymorphic loci, with a polymorphic loci rate of 85.18%. On average, each pair of primer amplified 13.16 polymorphic locis, and the polymorphic information content of the primers ranged from 0.101 6 to 0.402 4. Based on the SSR marker results, the materials were classified into 4 clusters. Cluster I only included Qingshu No. 9, with red tuber skin; Cluster II contained 22 materials, of which 21 were bred in Gansu, Ningxia, Shanxi, and Heilongjiang provinces, all originating from the Northern single-cropping zone; Cluster III consisted of Dingshu No. 4, characterized by purple-red tuber eyes; Cluster IV included 2 introduced materials. The two clustering results showed consistency in the grouping but differences in the classification of subgroups. 17 materials were classified into the same group under both clustering conditions. Combining phenotypic and SSR markers provides a more comprehensive and accurate reflection of the genetic differences among the germplasm resources.
Available online: February 20, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241211001
Abstract:
Seed fennel is one of the importantspices in Chinese marinade and barbecue. The lack of male sterile material severely limits the research process of breeding high-quality seed fennel varieties. In this study, male sterile materials (FvGZBY001) of seed fennel were obtained from local fertilityvarieties (FvGZKY001) of Guizhou province. We describedthe sterility characters of FvGZBY001, and analyzed the difference of lipid composition between the two grains by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). The results show thatthere was no significant difference in plant morphology both FvGZBY001 and FvGZKY001, the filaments of FvGZBY001did not extend significantly and no pollen grains in anthers. There were 7 types of 49 lipid molecule subclasses detected in the seeds fennel both FvGZBY001 and FvGZKY001, which are 1353 and 1351 kinds of lipidsubstance respectively. A total of 41 lipid substances with significant differences were identified among them, which 29 lipids were up-regulated expression in FvGZBY001 (mainly sphingomyelin) while12 lipids was up-regulated expression in FvGZKY001 (mainly glycerol phospholipids). LION enrichment analysis showed that they were mainly concentrated in 22 different lipid substances, which thepredominant lipid substances were fatty acids with different carbon numbers. So the sterility characteristics of fennel FvGZBY001 can be used in crossbreedingof fennel, and the difference of lipid composition from FvGZKY001 can be used forthequality evaluationand utilization of the oil extracted from their seeds.
Seed fennel is one of the importantspices in Chinese marinade and barbecue. The lack of male sterile material severely limits the research process of breeding high-quality seed fennel varieties. In this study, male sterile materials (FvGZBY001) of seed fennel were obtained from local fertilityvarieties (FvGZKY001) of Guizhou province. We describedthe sterility characters of FvGZBY001, and analyzed the difference of lipid composition between the two grains by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). The results show thatthere was no significant difference in plant morphology both FvGZBY001 and FvGZKY001, the filaments of FvGZBY001did not extend significantly and no pollen grains in anthers. There were 7 types of 49 lipid molecule subclasses detected in the seeds fennel both FvGZBY001 and FvGZKY001, which are 1353 and 1351 kinds of lipidsubstance respectively. A total of 41 lipid substances with significant differences were identified among them, which 29 lipids were up-regulated expression in FvGZBY001 (mainly sphingomyelin) while12 lipids was up-regulated expression in FvGZKY001 (mainly glycerol phospholipids). LION enrichment analysis showed that they were mainly concentrated in 22 different lipid substances, which thepredominant lipid substances were fatty acids with different carbon numbers. So the sterility characteristics of fennel FvGZBY001 can be used in crossbreedingof fennel, and the difference of lipid composition from FvGZKY001 can be used forthequality evaluationand utilization of the oil extracted from their seeds.
Available online: February 13, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241113001
Abstract:
Sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] is highly susceptible to a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses during its growth and development. These stresses can severely disrupt its growth and development, which in turn causes a significant decline in quality and yield. Therefore, identifying stress-resistance-related genes in sweetpotato, exploring their functions and mechanisms, and breeding new varieties with enhanced stress resistance are crucial for improving salt and drought tolerance and ensuring the sustainable development of the sweetpotato. SAUR (small auxin up RNA) genes are key components of the auxin signaling pathway and play essential roles in regulating plant growth and development as well as in responding to abiotic stresses. To investigate the function and mechanism of the IbSAUR76 gene in sweetpotato, we cloned this gene and constructed an IbSAUR76-GFP fusion expression vector. Our results showed that the IbSAUR76 protein is localized in the nucleus. To gain deeper insights into the role of the IbSAUR76 gene in the stress response of sweetpotato, we then cloned its promoter sequence. The prediction of cis-acting elements revealed that the IbSAUR76 promoter contains multiple stress and hormone response elements. Under drought and salt treatments, the expression level of IbSAUR76 was significantly upregulated, indicating that this gene plays a role in the stress response of sweetpotato. Moreover, a bait vector for IbSAUR76 was constructed and used to screen the sweetpotato cDNA yeast library, identifying 27 candidate proteins that interact with IbSAUR76. Among these, two interaction proteins related to abiotic stress, IbERF2 and IbHOS15, were verified using yeast two-hybrid back-transformation. In summary, this study not only enriches our understanding of the IbSAUR76 gene in sweetpotato but also provides a solid theoretical foundation for further in-depth analysis of its function. The identification and characterization of IbSAUR76 and its interacting proteins are significant steps toward developing more stress-resistant sweetpotato varieties. Among these, two interaction proteins related to abiotic stress, IbERF2 and IbHOS15, were verified by yeast two-hybrid (Y2H). In summary, this study not only enriches our knowledge of the IbSAUR76 gene in sweetpotato but also provides a theoretical basis for further in-depth analysis of its function.
Sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] is highly susceptible to a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses during its growth and development. These stresses can severely disrupt its growth and development, which in turn causes a significant decline in quality and yield. Therefore, identifying stress-resistance-related genes in sweetpotato, exploring their functions and mechanisms, and breeding new varieties with enhanced stress resistance are crucial for improving salt and drought tolerance and ensuring the sustainable development of the sweetpotato. SAUR (small auxin up RNA) genes are key components of the auxin signaling pathway and play essential roles in regulating plant growth and development as well as in responding to abiotic stresses. To investigate the function and mechanism of the IbSAUR76 gene in sweetpotato, we cloned this gene and constructed an IbSAUR76-GFP fusion expression vector. Our results showed that the IbSAUR76 protein is localized in the nucleus. To gain deeper insights into the role of the IbSAUR76 gene in the stress response of sweetpotato, we then cloned its promoter sequence. The prediction of cis-acting elements revealed that the IbSAUR76 promoter contains multiple stress and hormone response elements. Under drought and salt treatments, the expression level of IbSAUR76 was significantly upregulated, indicating that this gene plays a role in the stress response of sweetpotato. Moreover, a bait vector for IbSAUR76 was constructed and used to screen the sweetpotato cDNA yeast library, identifying 27 candidate proteins that interact with IbSAUR76. Among these, two interaction proteins related to abiotic stress, IbERF2 and IbHOS15, were verified using yeast two-hybrid back-transformation. In summary, this study not only enriches our understanding of the IbSAUR76 gene in sweetpotato but also provides a solid theoretical foundation for further in-depth analysis of its function. The identification and characterization of IbSAUR76 and its interacting proteins are significant steps toward developing more stress-resistant sweetpotato varieties. Among these, two interaction proteins related to abiotic stress, IbERF2 and IbHOS15, were verified by yeast two-hybrid (Y2H). In summary, this study not only enriches our knowledge of the IbSAUR76 gene in sweetpotato but also provides a theoretical basis for further in-depth analysis of its function.
Available online: February 13, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241113002
Abstract:
China characterized by extensive saline-alkali and arid land, along with low utilization rate of marginal lands. As an important tuberous root crop, sweetpotato plays a significant role in ensuring national food security. Therefore, identifying important stress-resistance genes in sweetpotato and developing new resilient varieties can effectively utilize these saline-alkali, arid, and marginal lands, thereby significantly enhancing the utilization efficiency of land resources. GAPCp1, a glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase located in plastid, plays a crucial role in plant growth, development, and energy metabolism. In this study, using the sweetpotato variety Lizixiang (LZX) as the material, we successfully cloned the open reading frame (ORF) sequence of IbGAPCp1. Subcellular localization studies showed that the protein encoded by IbGAPCp1 is localized in chloroplasts. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that IbGAPCp1 is expressed in all tested tissues of sweetpotato, with the highest transcription level in leaf tissues. The expression of IbGAPCp1 gene increased gradually with the development of sweetpotato tuberous root and reaching its peak at 105 days. In order to further explore the regulatory mechanism of IbGAPCp1 gene, we cloned a 1940 bp sequence of the IbGAPCp1 gene promoter, designated as Pro-IbGAPCp1. The prediction of cis-acting elements showed that Pro-IbGAPCp1 contains several elements related to photoresponse, hormone response and meristem expression. Under drought and salt stress treatments, IbGAPCp1 gene exhibited a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, indicating that this gene responds to drought and salt stress. Additionally, 35 upstream regulators interacting with the promoter region of IbGAPCp1 were screened by yeast one-hybrid technique, including ethylene-insensitive protein 2, sucrose synthase 2 and MYB44. These factors are involved in plant growth and development, secondary metabolism, energy production, and various stress responses, such as drought, salt and low temperatures. This study provides a theoretical basis for further study on the function and mechanism of IbGAPCp1 in response to abiotic stress in sweetpotato.
China characterized by extensive saline-alkali and arid land, along with low utilization rate of marginal lands. As an important tuberous root crop, sweetpotato plays a significant role in ensuring national food security. Therefore, identifying important stress-resistance genes in sweetpotato and developing new resilient varieties can effectively utilize these saline-alkali, arid, and marginal lands, thereby significantly enhancing the utilization efficiency of land resources. GAPCp1, a glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase located in plastid, plays a crucial role in plant growth, development, and energy metabolism. In this study, using the sweetpotato variety Lizixiang (LZX) as the material, we successfully cloned the open reading frame (ORF) sequence of IbGAPCp1. Subcellular localization studies showed that the protein encoded by IbGAPCp1 is localized in chloroplasts. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that IbGAPCp1 is expressed in all tested tissues of sweetpotato, with the highest transcription level in leaf tissues. The expression of IbGAPCp1 gene increased gradually with the development of sweetpotato tuberous root and reaching its peak at 105 days. In order to further explore the regulatory mechanism of IbGAPCp1 gene, we cloned a 1940 bp sequence of the IbGAPCp1 gene promoter, designated as Pro-IbGAPCp1. The prediction of cis-acting elements showed that Pro-IbGAPCp1 contains several elements related to photoresponse, hormone response and meristem expression. Under drought and salt stress treatments, IbGAPCp1 gene exhibited a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, indicating that this gene responds to drought and salt stress. Additionally, 35 upstream regulators interacting with the promoter region of IbGAPCp1 were screened by yeast one-hybrid technique, including ethylene-insensitive protein 2, sucrose synthase 2 and MYB44. These factors are involved in plant growth and development, secondary metabolism, energy production, and various stress responses, such as drought, salt and low temperatures. This study provides a theoretical basis for further study on the function and mechanism of IbGAPCp1 in response to abiotic stress in sweetpotato.
Available online: January 22, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241025003
Abstract:
Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) are cholesterol derivatives that effectively protect plants from pathogens and pests. They are mainly found in Solanum Plants and are synthesized in actively growing and young tissues. Their biosynthesis occurs in three stages: cholesterol biosynthesis, conversion of cholesterol to steroidal alkaloids, and glycosylation of these alkaloids. The biosynthesis of SGAs in Solanum Plants is influenced by genetics, transcription factors, and light signaling. Currently, research on the distribution, types, synthesis, and genetics of SGAs is a major focus of scholars worldwide. This review integrates recent research advancements, summarizing the key genes controlling SGAs biosynthesis in Solanum Plants (HMGR, SQS, SSR2, SGT2, GAME1, GAME2, GAME17GAME4, GAME18GAME6, GAME4GAME7, GAME6GAME8, GAME7GAME11, GAME8GAME12, GAME15, GAME11GAME17, and GAME12GAME18), the main differential genes between wild and cultivated species (GAME5、GAME25, S5αR2, GAME31 and GAME32), the regulation of SGAs biosynthesis by hormone-related transcription factors (GAME9, COI1 and TCP14), and the impact of light-responsive transcription factors (HY5, PIF3 and MYB113) and photosynthetic pigment enzymes (PDS, CHLI and CHLH) on SGAs biosynthesis. It also discusses future directions for SGA research in Solanum Plants.
Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) are cholesterol derivatives that effectively protect plants from pathogens and pests. They are mainly found in Solanum Plants and are synthesized in actively growing and young tissues. Their biosynthesis occurs in three stages: cholesterol biosynthesis, conversion of cholesterol to steroidal alkaloids, and glycosylation of these alkaloids. The biosynthesis of SGAs in Solanum Plants is influenced by genetics, transcription factors, and light signaling. Currently, research on the distribution, types, synthesis, and genetics of SGAs is a major focus of scholars worldwide. This review integrates recent research advancements, summarizing the key genes controlling SGAs biosynthesis in Solanum Plants (HMGR, SQS, SSR2, SGT2, GAME1, GAME2, GAME17GAME4, GAME18GAME6, GAME4GAME7, GAME6GAME8, GAME7GAME11, GAME8GAME12, GAME15, GAME11GAME17, and GAME12GAME18), the main differential genes between wild and cultivated species (GAME5、GAME25, S5αR2, GAME31 and GAME32), the regulation of SGAs biosynthesis by hormone-related transcription factors (GAME9, COI1 and TCP14), and the impact of light-responsive transcription factors (HY5, PIF3 and MYB113) and photosynthetic pigment enzymes (PDS, CHLI and CHLH) on SGAs biosynthesis. It also discusses future directions for SGA research in Solanum Plants.
Available online: January 22, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241029002
Abstract:
Quality trait is an important index to measure the forage quality, which plays an important role in the directional improvement and variety breeding of forage. High-quality forage grass can effectively improve the feeding efficiency of livestock and promote the sustainable development of animal husbandry. In this study, using 150 F2 individuals of Sorghum sudangrass hybrrid and their parents as materials. the QTL analysis was performed on five nutritional quality traits WSC, NDF, ADF, P and K by interval mapping methods in four different environments based on the previous constructed high density genetic linkage map of Sorghum sudangrass hybrid. and the candidate genes related to these traits were also screened within the confidence interval. The results showed that a total of 198 QTLs were detected with the threshold of LOD ≥3, of which 16 QTLs were repeatedly detected in different environments, The 16 stable QTLs mainly distributed on LG3, 4, 6, 7 and 8, with a single contribution rate from 10% to 13.7%, of which seven were major QTLs ( PVE > 10% ), including one QTL related to WSC content, three related to ADF content and three for K content. In addition, 13 candidate genes related to quality traits of Sorghum sudangrass hybrid were screened by gene prediction and functional annotation. It will provided theoretical basis and new ideas for further molecular breeding and functional gene research of Sorghum sudangrass hybrid.
Quality trait is an important index to measure the forage quality, which plays an important role in the directional improvement and variety breeding of forage. High-quality forage grass can effectively improve the feeding efficiency of livestock and promote the sustainable development of animal husbandry. In this study, using 150 F2 individuals of Sorghum sudangrass hybrrid and their parents as materials. the QTL analysis was performed on five nutritional quality traits WSC, NDF, ADF, P and K by interval mapping methods in four different environments based on the previous constructed high density genetic linkage map of Sorghum sudangrass hybrid. and the candidate genes related to these traits were also screened within the confidence interval. The results showed that a total of 198 QTLs were detected with the threshold of LOD ≥3, of which 16 QTLs were repeatedly detected in different environments, The 16 stable QTLs mainly distributed on LG3, 4, 6, 7 and 8, with a single contribution rate from 10% to 13.7%, of which seven were major QTLs ( PVE > 10% ), including one QTL related to WSC content, three related to ADF content and three for K content. In addition, 13 candidate genes related to quality traits of Sorghum sudangrass hybrid were screened by gene prediction and functional annotation. It will provided theoretical basis and new ideas for further molecular breeding and functional gene research of Sorghum sudangrass hybrid.
Available online: January 22, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241106001
Abstract:
Rice of direct-seeding is characterized by labor-saving, labor-saving and low-cost production, and the planting area is expanding year by year.Water shortage is one of the most important problems in rice production.Accurate identification of direct seeding tolerance of rice germplasm resources is of great significance to direct seeding tolerance breeding in China. Direct-seeding resistance in the field is a complex quantitative trait. Accurate phenotypic identification is critical to discover the genes and explore genetic basis for quantitative trait. However, the accurate identification of direct-seeding resistance for rice germplasm in the field has consistently been a bottleneck for researcher and a core technical for direct-seeding resistance breeders. On the basis of systematic direct-seeding resistance research in the previous work, we also have spent many years exploring and optimizing the conditions for assessing direct-seeding resistance in the field. The standard technical regulations for evaluating direct-seeding resistance in the field were summarized and normalized. It included general requirements, land preparation before sowing, seed preparation, sowing, fertilization,water management, prevention of diseases, pests and weeds, and evaluation of direct-seeding resistance in the field at seedling stage. The regulations provided technical reference for identification of direct-seeding resistance in the field at seedling stage in rice or other crops. It was suitable for the resistance evaluation of rice to direct-seeding during the spring in northwest region (from mid-March tolate June).
Rice of direct-seeding is characterized by labor-saving, labor-saving and low-cost production, and the planting area is expanding year by year.Water shortage is one of the most important problems in rice production.Accurate identification of direct seeding tolerance of rice germplasm resources is of great significance to direct seeding tolerance breeding in China. Direct-seeding resistance in the field is a complex quantitative trait. Accurate phenotypic identification is critical to discover the genes and explore genetic basis for quantitative trait. However, the accurate identification of direct-seeding resistance for rice germplasm in the field has consistently been a bottleneck for researcher and a core technical for direct-seeding resistance breeders. On the basis of systematic direct-seeding resistance research in the previous work, we also have spent many years exploring and optimizing the conditions for assessing direct-seeding resistance in the field. The standard technical regulations for evaluating direct-seeding resistance in the field were summarized and normalized. It included general requirements, land preparation before sowing, seed preparation, sowing, fertilization,water management, prevention of diseases, pests and weeds, and evaluation of direct-seeding resistance in the field at seedling stage. The regulations provided technical reference for identification of direct-seeding resistance in the field at seedling stage in rice or other crops. It was suitable for the resistance evaluation of rice to direct-seeding during the spring in northwest region (from mid-March tolate June).
Available online: January 22, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240909002
Abstract:
In order to explore the genetic diversity and genetic relationship among the populations of Cotoneaster in the Western Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang, the genetic diversity of 112 Cotoneaster plants from 15 wild populations in the Western Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang was analyzed by ISSR molecular markers. A total of 166 bands were amplified by 15 ISSR primers, of which 143 were polymorphic bands, with an average polymorphic band ratio of 86.29 %. The Nei ''s gene diversity index(H) and Shannon’s information index(I) of 112 Cotoneaster species from 15 wild populations in Western Tianshan Mountains were 0.2124 and 0.3254, respectively. The genetic differentiation coefficient(Fst) among populations was 0.4259, and the gene flow(Nm) was 0.6740. It is believed that the degree of genetic differentiation at the level of wild populations of Cotoneaster is great and there is a certain degree of gene exchange among populations. The genetic differences of Cotoneaster in the western Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang are obvious at the overall level, and the genetic diversity is high. At the population level, the genetic diversity of Beishan Maoliugou population in Tekes County was the most abundant. The clustering results showed that most of the populations could be clustered according to the geographical location, but some of the geographically close populations were not clustered together. The results of this study can provide an important reference for the effective protection and development and utilization of Cotoneaster germplasm resources in the Western Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang.
In order to explore the genetic diversity and genetic relationship among the populations of Cotoneaster in the Western Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang, the genetic diversity of 112 Cotoneaster plants from 15 wild populations in the Western Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang was analyzed by ISSR molecular markers. A total of 166 bands were amplified by 15 ISSR primers, of which 143 were polymorphic bands, with an average polymorphic band ratio of 86.29 %. The Nei ''s gene diversity index(H) and Shannon’s information index(I) of 112 Cotoneaster species from 15 wild populations in Western Tianshan Mountains were 0.2124 and 0.3254, respectively. The genetic differentiation coefficient(Fst) among populations was 0.4259, and the gene flow(Nm) was 0.6740. It is believed that the degree of genetic differentiation at the level of wild populations of Cotoneaster is great and there is a certain degree of gene exchange among populations. The genetic differences of Cotoneaster in the western Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang are obvious at the overall level, and the genetic diversity is high. At the population level, the genetic diversity of Beishan Maoliugou population in Tekes County was the most abundant. The clustering results showed that most of the populations could be clustered according to the geographical location, but some of the geographically close populations were not clustered together. The results of this study can provide an important reference for the effective protection and development and utilization of Cotoneaster germplasm resources in the Western Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang.
Jiahui Yang, HUANG Lexiang, LIU Zhixian, SU Bohong, ZHAO Miaoyu, XING Chengshun, LIU Baohui, ZHAO Xiaohui
Available online: January 22, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241229002
Abstract:
Brassinosteroids ( BRs ) play an important role in plant growth and development, and Brassinosteroid insensive 1 ( BRI1 ) plays a major role in BR signaling pathway. Soybean ( Glycine max ( L. ) Merr. ) is an important food and economic crop in the world. Unlike other crops, soybean can form a symbiotic relationship with rhizobia for biological nitrogen fixation. However, the function of GmBRI1 in regulating soybean growth and symbiotic nitrogen fixation is still unclear. Therefore, identification and analysis of the characteristics and functions of GmBRI1 gene family members are crucial for revealing the unique role of BR signaling in soybean growth and development. In this study, six GmBRI1 family genes were identified by bioinformatics methods in soybean genome, which were non-uniformly distributed on four chromosomes of soybean. The number of amino acids was between 1136-1211 aa, and the proportion of leucine was the highest, all of which were acidic and stable proteins. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the GmBRI1 gene family could be divided into three subfamilies. The gene structure and conserved motif distribution of the same subfamily are highly similar. Synteny analysis showed that fragment replication was the main reason for the expansion of GmBRI1 gene family. The promoter of the GmBRI1 family gene contains abundant cis-acting elements that regulate soybean light response, hormone response, stress response, and growth and development. The number of potential phosphorylation sites of GmBRI1 family genes was between 111-132. The protein interaction network predicted that there were 19 proteins interacting with GmBRI1 and 4 proteins directly binding, which participate in the regulation of various biological processes in the BR signal transduction pathway by interacting with various proteins. The GmBRI1 family genes are expressed in both roots and nodules, and GmBRI1a, GmBRI1b, GmBRL1a and GmBRL1b genes are down-regulated after rhizobia infection. This study provides a new theoretical basis for the functional study of soybean GmBRI1 family genes, and proves that they respond in the early stage of rhizobium infection, which provides basic information for further understanding the function and molecular mechanism of GmBRI1 gene family in soybean symbiotic nodulation.
Brassinosteroids ( BRs ) play an important role in plant growth and development, and Brassinosteroid insensive 1 ( BRI1 ) plays a major role in BR signaling pathway. Soybean ( Glycine max ( L. ) Merr. ) is an important food and economic crop in the world. Unlike other crops, soybean can form a symbiotic relationship with rhizobia for biological nitrogen fixation. However, the function of GmBRI1 in regulating soybean growth and symbiotic nitrogen fixation is still unclear. Therefore, identification and analysis of the characteristics and functions of GmBRI1 gene family members are crucial for revealing the unique role of BR signaling in soybean growth and development. In this study, six GmBRI1 family genes were identified by bioinformatics methods in soybean genome, which were non-uniformly distributed on four chromosomes of soybean. The number of amino acids was between 1136-1211 aa, and the proportion of leucine was the highest, all of which were acidic and stable proteins. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the GmBRI1 gene family could be divided into three subfamilies. The gene structure and conserved motif distribution of the same subfamily are highly similar. Synteny analysis showed that fragment replication was the main reason for the expansion of GmBRI1 gene family. The promoter of the GmBRI1 family gene contains abundant cis-acting elements that regulate soybean light response, hormone response, stress response, and growth and development. The number of potential phosphorylation sites of GmBRI1 family genes was between 111-132. The protein interaction network predicted that there were 19 proteins interacting with GmBRI1 and 4 proteins directly binding, which participate in the regulation of various biological processes in the BR signal transduction pathway by interacting with various proteins. The GmBRI1 family genes are expressed in both roots and nodules, and GmBRI1a, GmBRI1b, GmBRL1a and GmBRL1b genes are down-regulated after rhizobia infection. This study provides a new theoretical basis for the functional study of soybean GmBRI1 family genes, and proves that they respond in the early stage of rhizobium infection, which provides basic information for further understanding the function and molecular mechanism of GmBRI1 gene family in soybean symbiotic nodulation.
Available online: January 22, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241031002
Abstract:
The production technology of sweet potato virus-free seedlings by directly breeding field seedlings from virus-free tissue culture seedlings or minituber seedlings has become a new promotion and application technology. In order to investigate the differences between tissue culture seedlings and minituber seedlings of different sweetpotato varieties.on field growth, yield and quality. 12 sweetpotato varieties of tissue culture seedling and minituber seedlings were used as experimental materials. The results show that: (1) Photosynthetic characteristics, Mingmenjinshi, Shenglibaihao, Ningzishu 4 and Pushu 32 tissue culture seedlings of photosynthetic activity and pigment content were higher than minituber seedling, while Shangshu 19 tissue culture seedlings were lower than minituber seedlings. (2) Fresh potato yield, Mingmenjinshi, Shenglibaihao and Ningzishu 4 tissue culture seedlings was respectively higher than minituber seedlings by 30.95%, 21.90% and 14.67%, but Shangshu 19 tissue culture seedlings was lower than minituber seedlings by 10.42%. (3) Fresh potato quality, Ningzishu 4, Hongyao, Mashali and Pushu 32 tissue culture seedlings of fresh potato (crude starch, soluble sugar, crude protein) were lower than minituber seedlings. Jinhaimeixiu tissue culture seedlings of crude starch was higher than minituber seedlins, but tissue culture seedlings of reducing sugar and soluble sugar were lower than minituber seedlings. Mingmenjinshi tissue culture seedlings of dry matter rate were higher than minituber seedlings. (4) The correlation analysis results of photosynthesis, yield and quality of virus-free seedlings of sweetpotato varieties showed that，only the water utilization rate and dry matter rate were negatively correlated of tissue culture seedlings, while the net photosynthetic rate, water utilization rate, carboxylation efficiency had significant effects on the fresh potato quality of minituber seedlings. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the efficient utilization of tissue culture seedlings and minituber seedlings of different sweet potato varieties.
The production technology of sweet potato virus-free seedlings by directly breeding field seedlings from virus-free tissue culture seedlings or minituber seedlings has become a new promotion and application technology. In order to investigate the differences between tissue culture seedlings and minituber seedlings of different sweetpotato varieties.on field growth, yield and quality. 12 sweetpotato varieties of tissue culture seedling and minituber seedlings were used as experimental materials. The results show that: (1) Photosynthetic characteristics, Mingmenjinshi, Shenglibaihao, Ningzishu 4 and Pushu 32 tissue culture seedlings of photosynthetic activity and pigment content were higher than minituber seedling, while Shangshu 19 tissue culture seedlings were lower than minituber seedlings. (2) Fresh potato yield, Mingmenjinshi, Shenglibaihao and Ningzishu 4 tissue culture seedlings was respectively higher than minituber seedlings by 30.95%, 21.90% and 14.67%, but Shangshu 19 tissue culture seedlings was lower than minituber seedlings by 10.42%. (3) Fresh potato quality, Ningzishu 4, Hongyao, Mashali and Pushu 32 tissue culture seedlings of fresh potato (crude starch, soluble sugar, crude protein) were lower than minituber seedlings. Jinhaimeixiu tissue culture seedlings of crude starch was higher than minituber seedlins, but tissue culture seedlings of reducing sugar and soluble sugar were lower than minituber seedlings. Mingmenjinshi tissue culture seedlings of dry matter rate were higher than minituber seedlings. (4) The correlation analysis results of photosynthesis, yield and quality of virus-free seedlings of sweetpotato varieties showed that，only the water utilization rate and dry matter rate were negatively correlated of tissue culture seedlings, while the net photosynthetic rate, water utilization rate, carboxylation efficiency had significant effects on the fresh potato quality of minituber seedlings. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the efficient utilization of tissue culture seedlings and minituber seedlings of different sweet potato varieties.
XIE Ya-rong, ZHANG Xiang-zhan, WANG Ya-nan, YANG Jian, WANG Long, WANG Su-ke, SU Yan-li, HAO Feng-ge, XUE Hua-bai
Available online: January 22, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241025002
Abstract:
In order to understand the diversity of sepal traits in different pear germplasm resources and analyze the effect of sepals on fruit appearance, the diversity analysis, correlation analysis and cluster analysis of sepal-related traits of 200 pear germplasm resources were carried out in this study. The results showed that the number of pear germplasm resources with extremely high and low calyx abscission rates was significantly higher than that in other groups, and the number of germplasm resources with different calyx abscission rates showed a U-shaped distribution. For the germplasm resources of sepal abscission, the sepal development process was divided into three stages: before the formation of abscission zone (2-4 days after flowering), during the formation period of abscission zone (5-7 days after flowering), and after the formation of abscission zone (8-10 days after flowering). Among the germplasm resources of persistent calyx and residue calyx, the calyx was mainly exhibited “aggregation” and “upright” posture. In Oriental Pear, calyx-shed fruit generally has no calyx convex, and the calyx convex on the persistent calyx fruit mostly affects the fruit shape. Phenotypic measurement, data analysis and comprehensive evaluation of sepals showed that the thickness and area of sepals varied greatly among different germplasm resources, but had no direct effect on fruit shape. In European Pear, sepals are generally thin and small, and have little effect on fruit shape. The analysis results of sepal persistence on the abnormal fruit showed that 33 varieties of persistent calyx had different degrees of abnormal fruit. The abnormal fruit of persistent calyx fruit mainly included two types: oblique fruit and protruding calyx fruit, while the abnormal fruit in residual calyx fruit was oblique fruit, indicating that the existence of sepal would affect the fruit shape to a certain extent, but it was not the only factor. Correlation analysis showed that the calyx abscission rates were significantly negatively correlated with the calyx convexity, the higher the calyx abscission rates, the less obvious of the calyx convexity. The 200 pear germplasm resources were mainly divided into four categories by cluster analysis, with calyx shedding rate as the main feature (80.7 % - 100.0 %, 16.6 % - 40.2 %, 45.5 % - 78.5 %, 0.00 % - 11.9 %). The results provide an important reference for the utilization of pear germplasm resources and variety breeding.
In order to understand the diversity of sepal traits in different pear germplasm resources and analyze the effect of sepals on fruit appearance, the diversity analysis, correlation analysis and cluster analysis of sepal-related traits of 200 pear germplasm resources were carried out in this study. The results showed that the number of pear germplasm resources with extremely high and low calyx abscission rates was significantly higher than that in other groups, and the number of germplasm resources with different calyx abscission rates showed a U-shaped distribution. For the germplasm resources of sepal abscission, the sepal development process was divided into three stages: before the formation of abscission zone (2-4 days after flowering), during the formation period of abscission zone (5-7 days after flowering), and after the formation of abscission zone (8-10 days after flowering). Among the germplasm resources of persistent calyx and residue calyx, the calyx was mainly exhibited “aggregation” and “upright” posture. In Oriental Pear, calyx-shed fruit generally has no calyx convex, and the calyx convex on the persistent calyx fruit mostly affects the fruit shape. Phenotypic measurement, data analysis and comprehensive evaluation of sepals showed that the thickness and area of sepals varied greatly among different germplasm resources, but had no direct effect on fruit shape. In European Pear, sepals are generally thin and small, and have little effect on fruit shape. The analysis results of sepal persistence on the abnormal fruit showed that 33 varieties of persistent calyx had different degrees of abnormal fruit. The abnormal fruit of persistent calyx fruit mainly included two types: oblique fruit and protruding calyx fruit, while the abnormal fruit in residual calyx fruit was oblique fruit, indicating that the existence of sepal would affect the fruit shape to a certain extent, but it was not the only factor. Correlation analysis showed that the calyx abscission rates were significantly negatively correlated with the calyx convexity, the higher the calyx abscission rates, the less obvious of the calyx convexity. The 200 pear germplasm resources were mainly divided into four categories by cluster analysis, with calyx shedding rate as the main feature (80.7 % - 100.0 %, 16.6 % - 40.2 %, 45.5 % - 78.5 %, 0.00 % - 11.9 %). The results provide an important reference for the utilization of pear germplasm resources and variety breeding.
Available online: January 22, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240925002
Abstract:
In order to provide reference for more objective and scientific description of quantitative traits, 85 Dendrobium varieties were used as research objects. According to the distribution characteristics of 20 quantitative traits in the Dendrobium testing guidelines, the least significant difference method and the range method were used to determine the grading range. In addition, the level of genetic diversity was evaluated through the methods of coefficient of variation, genetic diversity index and the analysis of correlation, principal component and clustering. The results of K-S normality test showed that 15 quantitative traits which included plant size, pseudobulb length, pseudobulb diameter, blade length, blade width, pedicel length, pedicel diameter, flower longitudinal diameter, flower transverse diameter, middle sepal length, lateral sepal length, lateral sepal width, petal length, petal width, lip petal length conformed to normal distribution and were graded by the least significant difference method, while the other quantitative traits which included number of flowers, peduncle length, peduncle diameter, middle sepal width, lip petal width were graded by the range method, and the grading range of the 20 quantitative traits were determined as the basis for describing and grading the quantitative traits of Dendrobium DUS (Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability) testing in the future. The performance of each quantitative trait was stable within the varieties, and the variation among the varieties was rich, with the coefficients of variation of quantitative traits within and among varieties ranging from 5.44% ~ 17.33% and 24.99% ~ 124.03%, respectively. Additionally, the genetic diversity indexes of 20 quantitative traits were between 1.16 ~ 2.02. Therefore, 85 Dendrobium varieties were suitable for quantitative traits grading studies. The correlation analysis results indicated that the correlation coefficients were generally highly significant or significantly correlated and the absolute values of the correlation coefficients were large among the quantitative traits. Especially, the correlation coefficients between flower longitudinal diameter and flower transverse diameter, lateral sepal length, petal length, middle sepal length and lateral sepal length, petal length, lateral sepal length and petal length are all above 0.95, which showed a high degree of correlation. In this situation, such traits with high degree of correlation could consider to reduce in the varieties DUS testing process to improve the testing efficiency. Principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first two principal components was 84.78%, including 73.54% for the first principal component, representing the flower size, and 11.24% for the second principal component, representing the number of flower and plant height. The clustering analysis results showed that the 85 Dendrobium varieties could be divided into two groups at the Euclidean distance of 25, which mainly reflected the differences in plant size, flower longitudinal diameters and flower transverse diameters. Moreover, the second group could be divided into two subgroups at the Euclidean distance of 18, which mainly showed the differences in the number of flower and peduncle length. Combining the results of principal components analysis and cluster analysis, the number of flower has a strong distinguishing ability among varieties and can be added as a grouping trait for DUS testing of Dendrobium.
In order to provide reference for more objective and scientific description of quantitative traits, 85 Dendrobium varieties were used as research objects. According to the distribution characteristics of 20 quantitative traits in the Dendrobium testing guidelines, the least significant difference method and the range method were used to determine the grading range. In addition, the level of genetic diversity was evaluated through the methods of coefficient of variation, genetic diversity index and the analysis of correlation, principal component and clustering. The results of K-S normality test showed that 15 quantitative traits which included plant size, pseudobulb length, pseudobulb diameter, blade length, blade width, pedicel length, pedicel diameter, flower longitudinal diameter, flower transverse diameter, middle sepal length, lateral sepal length, lateral sepal width, petal length, petal width, lip petal length conformed to normal distribution and were graded by the least significant difference method, while the other quantitative traits which included number of flowers, peduncle length, peduncle diameter, middle sepal width, lip petal width were graded by the range method, and the grading range of the 20 quantitative traits were determined as the basis for describing and grading the quantitative traits of Dendrobium DUS (Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability) testing in the future. The performance of each quantitative trait was stable within the varieties, and the variation among the varieties was rich, with the coefficients of variation of quantitative traits within and among varieties ranging from 5.44% ~ 17.33% and 24.99% ~ 124.03%, respectively. Additionally, the genetic diversity indexes of 20 quantitative traits were between 1.16 ~ 2.02. Therefore, 85 Dendrobium varieties were suitable for quantitative traits grading studies. The correlation analysis results indicated that the correlation coefficients were generally highly significant or significantly correlated and the absolute values of the correlation coefficients were large among the quantitative traits. Especially, the correlation coefficients between flower longitudinal diameter and flower transverse diameter, lateral sepal length, petal length, middle sepal length and lateral sepal length, petal length, lateral sepal length and petal length are all above 0.95, which showed a high degree of correlation. In this situation, such traits with high degree of correlation could consider to reduce in the varieties DUS testing process to improve the testing efficiency. Principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first two principal components was 84.78%, including 73.54% for the first principal component, representing the flower size, and 11.24% for the second principal component, representing the number of flower and plant height. The clustering analysis results showed that the 85 Dendrobium varieties could be divided into two groups at the Euclidean distance of 25, which mainly reflected the differences in plant size, flower longitudinal diameters and flower transverse diameters. Moreover, the second group could be divided into two subgroups at the Euclidean distance of 18, which mainly showed the differences in the number of flower and peduncle length. Combining the results of principal components analysis and cluster analysis, the number of flower has a strong distinguishing ability among varieties and can be added as a grouping trait for DUS testing of Dendrobium.
Available online: January 22, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240914001
Abstract:
The 2-year data of 5 quality traits and 5 yield traits of 366 long-staple upland cotton germplasm resources were genetically analysed using genotype and gene-environment interaction genetic models, and genetic diversity analysis of phenotypes and correlation analysis, cluster analysis, principal component analysis and multiple linear regression analysis of genotypic values were performed to clarify the value of the use of various types of germplasm resources. The results showed that the coefficients of variation of 366 long-staple upland cotton varied from 1.34% to 11.80% for quality traits and 7.95% to 54.09% for yield traits in two years; the diversity indices of two-year quality traits ranged from 1.67 to 2.03, with an average of 1.879, and those of two-year yield traits ranged from 1.42 to 1.99, with an average of 1.782, and the average of 1.782, and the average of 1.879. The average genetic diversity was 1.782, indicating that the 366 germplasm resources were more different from each other and rich in germplasm types. Cluster analysis divided the 366 medium and long-staple upland cotton germplasm resources into five classes, Class 1 included 63 germplasm, which belonged to the class of materials with high boll weight, high lint index and good uniformity; Class 2 included 41 germplasm, which belonged to the high-yielding materials with high lint percentage, high number of bolls per plant and high lint yield per plant; Class 3 included 71 germplasm, which belonged to the class of materials with short lint length and low boll weight; Class 4 included 84 germplasm, which belonged to the class of materials with long lint length and low boll weight; Class 4 included 84 germplasm, which belonged to the class of materials with long lint length, high Markelin number, and high lint yield per plant. longer lint length, lower micronaire value and higher specific strength; Category 5 includes 107 germplasm, which belongs to high-quality materials with the longest lint length, the lowest Micronaire value and the highest specific strength. By calculating the composite score (F-value) for each category of germplasm resources, nine varieties were screened to be greater than the control Jingang (0.87), four varieties were between the control Jingang and the control Chinese Cotton -3 (0.80), and five materials were between the control Chinese Cotton -3 and the control Xinluzhong 87 (0.74). Multiple linear regression analyses of the main traits yielded two linear regression models for lint length and lint yield per plant. The 366 long-staple upland cotton germplasm resources are rich in genetic diversity; the 21 high-quality germplasm resources screened can be used as high-quality parents to improve the fibre quality of local upland cotton and provide reference for upland cotton germplasm innovation and genetic breeding.
The 2-year data of 5 quality traits and 5 yield traits of 366 long-staple upland cotton germplasm resources were genetically analysed using genotype and gene-environment interaction genetic models, and genetic diversity analysis of phenotypes and correlation analysis, cluster analysis, principal component analysis and multiple linear regression analysis of genotypic values were performed to clarify the value of the use of various types of germplasm resources. The results showed that the coefficients of variation of 366 long-staple upland cotton varied from 1.34% to 11.80% for quality traits and 7.95% to 54.09% for yield traits in two years; the diversity indices of two-year quality traits ranged from 1.67 to 2.03, with an average of 1.879, and those of two-year yield traits ranged from 1.42 to 1.99, with an average of 1.782, and the average of 1.782, and the average of 1.879. The average genetic diversity was 1.782, indicating that the 366 germplasm resources were more different from each other and rich in germplasm types. Cluster analysis divided the 366 medium and long-staple upland cotton germplasm resources into five classes, Class 1 included 63 germplasm, which belonged to the class of materials with high boll weight, high lint index and good uniformity; Class 2 included 41 germplasm, which belonged to the high-yielding materials with high lint percentage, high number of bolls per plant and high lint yield per plant; Class 3 included 71 germplasm, which belonged to the class of materials with short lint length and low boll weight; Class 4 included 84 germplasm, which belonged to the class of materials with long lint length and low boll weight; Class 4 included 84 germplasm, which belonged to the class of materials with long lint length, high Markelin number, and high lint yield per plant. longer lint length, lower micronaire value and higher specific strength; Category 5 includes 107 germplasm, which belongs to high-quality materials with the longest lint length, the lowest Micronaire value and the highest specific strength. By calculating the composite score (F-value) for each category of germplasm resources, nine varieties were screened to be greater than the control Jingang (0.87), four varieties were between the control Jingang and the control Chinese Cotton -3 (0.80), and five materials were between the control Chinese Cotton -3 and the control Xinluzhong 87 (0.74). Multiple linear regression analyses of the main traits yielded two linear regression models for lint length and lint yield per plant. The 366 long-staple upland cotton germplasm resources are rich in genetic diversity; the 21 high-quality germplasm resources screened can be used as high-quality parents to improve the fibre quality of local upland cotton and provide reference for upland cotton germplasm innovation and genetic breeding.
Liu Ben Ying, Liu Ben Ying, chenxiaoming, chengyarong, 段学良, yangxu, sunchao, liyouyong, liubenyig, wanghongbin
Available online: January 22, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240902003
Abstract:
Baoshan Municipality is located in the center of the origin of tea trees in the world, where the ancient tea tree resources are extremely rich, the city is also the core production area of Pu''er tea and Yunnan black tea, The study on the phenotype and biochemical component diversity of ancient tea tree resources in this area is of great significance for the full exploitation and utilization of excellent tea tree germplasm resources, the integration and protection of ancient tea tree resources, the construction of tea tree core germplasm and the breeding of new varieties of excellent tea trees. Through coefficient of variation, genetic diversity index (H''), difference analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis, the diversity level of quantitative and quality traits of 73 representative ancient tea tree resources in Baoshan City was analyzed. The results showed that the diversity index (H'') of 23 quality traits is 4.135 ~ 4.277, the average diversity index is 4.234, the diversity index of 27 quantitative traits is 3.545 ~ 4.287, the average diversity index is 4.187, and 27 quantitative traits had the coefficient of variation of 7.88 % ~ 153.13 %, most of the traits showed extremely rich genetic variation; Correlation analysis of 27 quantitative traits showed that most of the traits showed significant or extremely significant correlation, and the traits were not independent of each other, but correlated with each other; Principal components analysis showed that the cumulative contribution of six principal components is 68.42 %, Among them, biochemical components, leaf and flower traits were the main factors of tea plant variation. The significance analysis of 21 quantitative differences of tea trees in different regions of Baoshan showed that 8 characteristics of tea leaf length, leaf area, number of vein pairs, amino acid, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin gallate, non-ester catechin and total catechin had the most significant differences, the ratio of leaf length and to width and Water extract had the least difference，These differences may be related to the elevation, landform, soil and climate of Baoshan. Cluster analysis revealed that 73 ancient tea tree resources were divided into 5 clusters based on 27 quantitative traits. The screening results of rare tea germplasm resources showed that: Among 73 accession representative ancient tea germplasm resources, there were 36 accession rare tea germplasms resources, Among them, 6 accessions were selected for high tea polyphenol germplasm resources (>35 %), 29 accessions were selected for high amino acid germplasm resources (>5 %) and 1accession was selected for low caffeine germplasm resource (?1.5). This study provided a scientific reference for the full exploitation and utilization of rare tea germplasm resources, the integration and protection of ancient tea germplasm resources, the construction of tea core germplasm and the breeding of new varieties of rare tea trees in Baoshan.
Baoshan Municipality is located in the center of the origin of tea trees in the world, where the ancient tea tree resources are extremely rich, the city is also the core production area of Pu''er tea and Yunnan black tea, The study on the phenotype and biochemical component diversity of ancient tea tree resources in this area is of great significance for the full exploitation and utilization of excellent tea tree germplasm resources, the integration and protection of ancient tea tree resources, the construction of tea tree core germplasm and the breeding of new varieties of excellent tea trees. Through coefficient of variation, genetic diversity index (H''), difference analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis, the diversity level of quantitative and quality traits of 73 representative ancient tea tree resources in Baoshan City was analyzed. The results showed that the diversity index (H'') of 23 quality traits is 4.135 ~ 4.277, the average diversity index is 4.234, the diversity index of 27 quantitative traits is 3.545 ~ 4.287, the average diversity index is 4.187, and 27 quantitative traits had the coefficient of variation of 7.88 % ~ 153.13 %, most of the traits showed extremely rich genetic variation; Correlation analysis of 27 quantitative traits showed that most of the traits showed significant or extremely significant correlation, and the traits were not independent of each other, but correlated with each other; Principal components analysis showed that the cumulative contribution of six principal components is 68.42 %, Among them, biochemical components, leaf and flower traits were the main factors of tea plant variation. The significance analysis of 21 quantitative differences of tea trees in different regions of Baoshan showed that 8 characteristics of tea leaf length, leaf area, number of vein pairs, amino acid, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin gallate, non-ester catechin and total catechin had the most significant differences, the ratio of leaf length and to width and Water extract had the least difference，These differences may be related to the elevation, landform, soil and climate of Baoshan. Cluster analysis revealed that 73 ancient tea tree resources were divided into 5 clusters based on 27 quantitative traits. The screening results of rare tea germplasm resources showed that: Among 73 accession representative ancient tea germplasm resources, there were 36 accession rare tea germplasms resources, Among them, 6 accessions were selected for high tea polyphenol germplasm resources (>35 %), 29 accessions were selected for high amino acid germplasm resources (>5 %) and 1accession was selected for low caffeine germplasm resource (?1.5). This study provided a scientific reference for the full exploitation and utilization of rare tea germplasm resources, the integration and protection of ancient tea germplasm resources, the construction of tea core germplasm and the breeding of new varieties of rare tea trees in Baoshan.
Available online: January 22, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241101004
Abstract:
China is one of the main distribution areas of the genus Fragaria with typical and unique wild germplasm resources. The utilization of these genetic resources will play an important role in germplasm innovation and industry development in strawberry. To figure out the taxonomy and distribution patten of the wild strawberry species in China, we conducted the investigation and collection research over a period of 8 years, from 2016 to 2023. A total of 172 wild strawberry accessions were collected from 26 counties of 10 provinces including Yunnan, Hubei and Heilongjiang etc. According to their biological characteristics, the 172 accessions were classified into 8 species: F. pentaphylla (60 accessions), F. nilgerrensis (42 accessions), F. moupinensis (29 accessions), F. vesca (8 accessions), F. orientalis (5 accessions), F. mandschurica (15 accessions), F. chinensis (10 accessions), and F. corymbosa (3 accessions). The overall distribution could be divided into four major regions, the western China mainly distributed four wild species including F. pentaphylla, F. nilgerrensis, F. moupinensis and F. chinensis; the central China mainly distributed F. nilgerrensis and F. chinensis; the northern China distributed F. corymbosa; and the northeastern China mainly distributed three species such as F. vesca, F. orientalis and F. mandschurica. Also some specific wild resources were identified in our investigation, like F. pentaphylla with pink fruits; F. nilgerrensis with aromatic fruits; and F. orientalis with good flavor fruits; etc. These findings given us a more impressive understanding of the wild strawberry germplasm resources, and provided valuable references for the conservation, utilization and scientific research of the resources.
China is one of the main distribution areas of the genus Fragaria with typical and unique wild germplasm resources. The utilization of these genetic resources will play an important role in germplasm innovation and industry development in strawberry. To figure out the taxonomy and distribution patten of the wild strawberry species in China, we conducted the investigation and collection research over a period of 8 years, from 2016 to 2023. A total of 172 wild strawberry accessions were collected from 26 counties of 10 provinces including Yunnan, Hubei and Heilongjiang etc. According to their biological characteristics, the 172 accessions were classified into 8 species: F. pentaphylla (60 accessions), F. nilgerrensis (42 accessions), F. moupinensis (29 accessions), F. vesca (8 accessions), F. orientalis (5 accessions), F. mandschurica (15 accessions), F. chinensis (10 accessions), and F. corymbosa (3 accessions). The overall distribution could be divided into four major regions, the western China mainly distributed four wild species including F. pentaphylla, F. nilgerrensis, F. moupinensis and F. chinensis; the central China mainly distributed F. nilgerrensis and F. chinensis; the northern China distributed F. corymbosa; and the northeastern China mainly distributed three species such as F. vesca, F. orientalis and F. mandschurica. Also some specific wild resources were identified in our investigation, like F. pentaphylla with pink fruits; F. nilgerrensis with aromatic fruits; and F. orientalis with good flavor fruits; etc. These findings given us a more impressive understanding of the wild strawberry germplasm resources, and provided valuable references for the conservation, utilization and scientific research of the resources.
Available online: January 20, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241108001
Abstract:
Abstract：In order to fully explore and utilize the germplasm resources of proso millets, this study took 490 proso millets germplasm resources as materials, grouped them based on variety type and spike shape, and relied on the square root proportion method to determine the number of samples, and within the group according to 20 qualitative and quantitative traits for cluster analysis and random sampling method within the group for constructing the core germplasm. The representativeness of the backbone germplasm of proso millets was evaluated using the indexes of mean, variance, coefficient of variation, genetic diversity and proportion of traits retained, and confirmed by principal component analysis, histogram and correlation. The results showed that 55 proso millets core germplasms were constructed, accounting for 11.2% of all germplasm, including 26 local varieties (47.26%), 9 bred varieties (16.36%), 9 wild varieties (16.36%), and 11 points foreign varieties (20.00%). The results of significance analysis showed that the differences between the core germplasm of proso millets and all the germplasm in terms of mean, variance, coefficient of variation and genetic diversity of phenotypic traits were not significant (p > 0.05), and the constructed core germplasm basically retained the distribution range of all the germplasm. The results of correlation analysis showed that the significant differences in phenotypic traits between the core germplasm and all the germplasm of proso millets were also generally consistent.
Abstract：In order to fully explore and utilize the germplasm resources of proso millets, this study took 490 proso millets germplasm resources as materials, grouped them based on variety type and spike shape, and relied on the square root proportion method to determine the number of samples, and within the group according to 20 qualitative and quantitative traits for cluster analysis and random sampling method within the group for constructing the core germplasm. The representativeness of the backbone germplasm of proso millets was evaluated using the indexes of mean, variance, coefficient of variation, genetic diversity and proportion of traits retained, and confirmed by principal component analysis, histogram and correlation. The results showed that 55 proso millets core germplasms were constructed, accounting for 11.2% of all germplasm, including 26 local varieties (47.26%), 9 bred varieties (16.36%), 9 wild varieties (16.36%), and 11 points foreign varieties (20.00%). The results of significance analysis showed that the differences between the core germplasm of proso millets and all the germplasm in terms of mean, variance, coefficient of variation and genetic diversity of phenotypic traits were not significant (p > 0.05), and the constructed core germplasm basically retained the distribution range of all the germplasm. The results of correlation analysis showed that the significant differences in phenotypic traits between the core germplasm and all the germplasm of proso millets were also generally consistent.
Available online: January 20, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241109001
Abstract:
In order to explore the response of flower organ traits and Lint percentage to high temperature, and to evaluation the breeding materials of Gossypium barbadense L. with high temperature tolerance, this study evaluated 5 traits (including 4 flower organ traits and Lint percentage traits) of 534 Gossypium barbadense L. resources in Awati County in 2022, and then selected 36 materials with extreme traits.Descriptive statistical analysis showed that the variation coefficient of 534 Gossypium barbadense L. resources ranged from 8.57% to 26.56%, the variation coefficient of Lint percentage was the smallest (8.57%), and the variation coefficient of stigma length was the largest (26.56%).Correlation analysis revealed that style length was positively correlated with the other 4 traits (stigma length, stamen length, anther length, Lint percentage), stigma length was negatively correlated with stamen length, stamen length was positively correlated with anther length, and anther length was positively correlated with Lint percentage.In 2023, we conducted an enhanced temperature shed heat stress test on 36 previously selected Gossypium barbadense L. resources with extreme traits in the same location (Awati County), and measured the performance of 23 phenotypic traits.The results showed that the 36 extreme resources showed different degrees of variation in agronomic traits. Descriptive statistical analysis showed that the variation coefficient of each trait increased under high temperature treatment, and 14 traits showed obvious difference compared with the control.Principal component analysis identified 6 principal components, which accounted for 85.34% of the total variance, covering yield composition, photosynthesis, fiber quality and many other aspects.The materials were classified into four categories of heat resistance, medium resistance, sensitive and high sensitivity by cluster analysis. The correlation analysis confirmed the positive correlation between the properties of effective boll number, effective fruit branch number and heat resistance.Fitting regression analysis further showed that there was no significant correlation between flower organ traits, Lint percentage and pollen activity and comprehensive evaluation value.This study provided important theoretical basis and germplasm resources for Gossypium barbadense L. breeding for high temperature tolerance.
In order to explore the response of flower organ traits and Lint percentage to high temperature, and to evaluation the breeding materials of Gossypium barbadense L. with high temperature tolerance, this study evaluated 5 traits (including 4 flower organ traits and Lint percentage traits) of 534 Gossypium barbadense L. resources in Awati County in 2022, and then selected 36 materials with extreme traits.Descriptive statistical analysis showed that the variation coefficient of 534 Gossypium barbadense L. resources ranged from 8.57% to 26.56%, the variation coefficient of Lint percentage was the smallest (8.57%), and the variation coefficient of stigma length was the largest (26.56%).Correlation analysis revealed that style length was positively correlated with the other 4 traits (stigma length, stamen length, anther length, Lint percentage), stigma length was negatively correlated with stamen length, stamen length was positively correlated with anther length, and anther length was positively correlated with Lint percentage.In 2023, we conducted an enhanced temperature shed heat stress test on 36 previously selected Gossypium barbadense L. resources with extreme traits in the same location (Awati County), and measured the performance of 23 phenotypic traits.The results showed that the 36 extreme resources showed different degrees of variation in agronomic traits. Descriptive statistical analysis showed that the variation coefficient of each trait increased under high temperature treatment, and 14 traits showed obvious difference compared with the control.Principal component analysis identified 6 principal components, which accounted for 85.34% of the total variance, covering yield composition, photosynthesis, fiber quality and many other aspects.The materials were classified into four categories of heat resistance, medium resistance, sensitive and high sensitivity by cluster analysis. The correlation analysis confirmed the positive correlation between the properties of effective boll number, effective fruit branch number and heat resistance.Fitting regression analysis further showed that there was no significant correlation between flower organ traits, Lint percentage and pollen activity and comprehensive evaluation value.This study provided important theoretical basis and germplasm resources for Gossypium barbadense L. breeding for high temperature tolerance.
Available online: January 17, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241029003
Abstract:
Sweetpotato is an important crop, and it boasts numerous wild relatives that possess abundant genetic variations In this study, a comparative genomic analysis was conducted using two publicly available high-quality genome of sweetpotato wild relatives. A total of 1798184 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering the whole genome were excavated. In additions, 2076 translocations and 84 inversions were detected. The inversions encompassed 2106 genes. Enrichment analysis showed that these genes are mainly enriched in pathways such as the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Among them, the breakpoints of 34 inversions are located inside the genes and may affect the structure of the genes. There are 10226 insertion-type and 11411 deletion-type structural variations (SVs) between the two genomes. We annotated these SVs and conducted gene enrichment analysis on those SVs that may affect gene function or expression. The results showed that these potentially affected genes were mainly enriched in pathways of secondary metabolites. Genes related to functions such as DNA repair and replication were enriched. Through the statistics of the synonymous substitution rate (Ks) and fourfold degenerate synonymous site (4DTv) of collinear gene pairs of two wild species and other related species, it was indicated that the common ancestor of the genus Ipomoea differentiated into different species after a whole-genome triplication event. The above research will provide strong support for the excavation of excellent variations in wild relatives of sweetpotato as well as forspecies differentiation.
Sweetpotato is an important crop, and it boasts numerous wild relatives that possess abundant genetic variations In this study, a comparative genomic analysis was conducted using two publicly available high-quality genome of sweetpotato wild relatives. A total of 1798184 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering the whole genome were excavated. In additions, 2076 translocations and 84 inversions were detected. The inversions encompassed 2106 genes. Enrichment analysis showed that these genes are mainly enriched in pathways such as the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Among them, the breakpoints of 34 inversions are located inside the genes and may affect the structure of the genes. There are 10226 insertion-type and 11411 deletion-type structural variations (SVs) between the two genomes. We annotated these SVs and conducted gene enrichment analysis on those SVs that may affect gene function or expression. The results showed that these potentially affected genes were mainly enriched in pathways of secondary metabolites. Genes related to functions such as DNA repair and replication were enriched. Through the statistics of the synonymous substitution rate (Ks) and fourfold degenerate synonymous site (4DTv) of collinear gene pairs of two wild species and other related species, it was indicated that the common ancestor of the genus Ipomoea differentiated into different species after a whole-genome triplication event. The above research will provide strong support for the excavation of excellent variations in wild relatives of sweetpotato as well as forspecies differentiation.
DUAN Chun-fang, LI Yue-xian, SONG Ji-ming, JIANG Tai-ling, XIAO Ming-kun, LIU Qian, SHEN Zheng-song, XIONG Xian-kun, GEN Sha, CHE Bin, ZHANG Qing, YAN Wei, LIU Guang-hua
Available online: January 14, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241024001
Abstract:
Through in vitro identification, 137 new germplasm inbred lines of cassava cultivar‘GR891’ were evaluated for resistance to root rot. Additionally, genetic diversity analysis, including variance coefficients and genetic diversity indices, was conducted on the main agronomic traits of 93 resistant germplasm lines. The results showed that among the 137 cassava germplasm lines, 56 lines exhibited high resistance (40.88%), 37 lines showed resistance (27.01%), 33 lines were moderately resistant (24.09%), 9 lines were susceptible (6.57%), and 2 lines were highly susceptible (1.46%). The variation coefficients of the ten main traits of the 93 resistant cassava lines ranged from14.46% to 77.63%, and the genetic diversity indices ranged from 0.60 to 2.04, indicating a rich genetic variation in the inbred line progeny of ‘GR891’. Correlation analysis revealed that three pairs of traits were extremely significantly correlated, and three pairs were significantly correlated. The fresh tuber weight per plant showed a highly significant positive correlation with stem diameter and fresh tuber number per plant, with correlation coefficients of 0.490 and 0.680, respectively. Principal component analysis indicated that the cumulative contribution rate of the three principal components reached 74.52%, with plant height, stem diameter, main stem height, fresh tuber number per plant, and fresh tuber weight being the main factors influencing the phenotypic variation in cassava. These findings provide a scientific basis for the exploration of resistant germplasm against cassava root rot and for the genetic analysis of resistance.
Through in vitro identification, 137 new germplasm inbred lines of cassava cultivar‘GR891’ were evaluated for resistance to root rot. Additionally, genetic diversity analysis, including variance coefficients and genetic diversity indices, was conducted on the main agronomic traits of 93 resistant germplasm lines. The results showed that among the 137 cassava germplasm lines, 56 lines exhibited high resistance (40.88%), 37 lines showed resistance (27.01%), 33 lines were moderately resistant (24.09%), 9 lines were susceptible (6.57%), and 2 lines were highly susceptible (1.46%). The variation coefficients of the ten main traits of the 93 resistant cassava lines ranged from14.46% to 77.63%, and the genetic diversity indices ranged from 0.60 to 2.04, indicating a rich genetic variation in the inbred line progeny of ‘GR891’. Correlation analysis revealed that three pairs of traits were extremely significantly correlated, and three pairs were significantly correlated. The fresh tuber weight per plant showed a highly significant positive correlation with stem diameter and fresh tuber number per plant, with correlation coefficients of 0.490 and 0.680, respectively. Principal component analysis indicated that the cumulative contribution rate of the three principal components reached 74.52%, with plant height, stem diameter, main stem height, fresh tuber number per plant, and fresh tuber weight being the main factors influencing the phenotypic variation in cassava. These findings provide a scientific basis for the exploration of resistant germplasm against cassava root rot and for the genetic analysis of resistance.
Available online: January 13, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241011002
Abstract:
Fusarium wilt is one of the most serious soil-borne diseases that affects common bean production. In the previous study, our research group identified PvFWR1 through a genome-wide association study and inferred that it might be related to resistance to common bean wilt through haplotype analysis. In this study, we conducted further research on PvFWR1. First, we cloned the PvFWR1 gene sequence from resistant material Tuheyaozidou and the susceptible material Longyundou No.3, and found that PvFWR1 is an intronless gene with a CDS length of 1104 bp and 367 amino acids, belonging to the LRR-RLKs protein family. Then, qRT-PCR showed that the expression level of PvFWR1 in the root tissue of resistant material was 2.1 times that of the susceptible material, and the expression level in the root tissue of the infected plants was significantly higher after inoculation with the pathogen. Finally, we used VIGS technology to silence PvFWR1 in the resistant material, and the resistance of the plants was weakened after inoculation with the pathogen. At the same time, we used the common bean hairy root transformation method to overexpress PvFWR1 in the susceptible material, and the resistance of the overexpression plants was significantly increased after inoculation with the pathogen. Based on these analyses, we concluded that PvFWR1 is a resistance gene against Fusarium wilt. The research results lay a foundation for elucidating the resistance mechanism of common bean wilt and the genetic breeding and utilization of PvFWR1.
Fusarium wilt is one of the most serious soil-borne diseases that affects common bean production. In the previous study, our research group identified PvFWR1 through a genome-wide association study and inferred that it might be related to resistance to common bean wilt through haplotype analysis. In this study, we conducted further research on PvFWR1. First, we cloned the PvFWR1 gene sequence from resistant material Tuheyaozidou and the susceptible material Longyundou No.3, and found that PvFWR1 is an intronless gene with a CDS length of 1104 bp and 367 amino acids, belonging to the LRR-RLKs protein family. Then, qRT-PCR showed that the expression level of PvFWR1 in the root tissue of resistant material was 2.1 times that of the susceptible material, and the expression level in the root tissue of the infected plants was significantly higher after inoculation with the pathogen. Finally, we used VIGS technology to silence PvFWR1 in the resistant material, and the resistance of the plants was weakened after inoculation with the pathogen. At the same time, we used the common bean hairy root transformation method to overexpress PvFWR1 in the susceptible material, and the resistance of the overexpression plants was significantly increased after inoculation with the pathogen. Based on these analyses, we concluded that PvFWR1 is a resistance gene against Fusarium wilt. The research results lay a foundation for elucidating the resistance mechanism of common bean wilt and the genetic breeding and utilization of PvFWR1.
Available online: January 13, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240923002
Abstract:
Anthocyanins are flavonoid polyphenolic compounds widely distributed in plants and play an important role in maintaining normal physiological activities of plants. As a natural edible pigment, anthocyanins are of great significance in maintaining human health due to their strong antioxidant properties. As the second largest transcription factor superfamily in plants after MYB transcription factors, bHLH transcription factors play an important regulatory role in the synthesis of plant anthocyanins. This article reviews the biosynthesis pathways and regulatory mechanisms of anthocyanins, summarizes the structural characteristics of bHLH transcription factors, the main ways in which they participate in anthocyanin synthesis regulation, and the effects of light and hormones on their roles in anthocyanin accumulation. The aim is to lay a foundation for further research on anthocyanin biosynthesis regulation mechanisms, flower color regulation, horticultural plant breeding, ect.
Anthocyanins are flavonoid polyphenolic compounds widely distributed in plants and play an important role in maintaining normal physiological activities of plants. As a natural edible pigment, anthocyanins are of great significance in maintaining human health due to their strong antioxidant properties. As the second largest transcription factor superfamily in plants after MYB transcription factors, bHLH transcription factors play an important regulatory role in the synthesis of plant anthocyanins. This article reviews the biosynthesis pathways and regulatory mechanisms of anthocyanins, summarizes the structural characteristics of bHLH transcription factors, the main ways in which they participate in anthocyanin synthesis regulation, and the effects of light and hormones on their roles in anthocyanin accumulation. The aim is to lay a foundation for further research on anthocyanin biosynthesis regulation mechanisms, flower color regulation, horticultural plant breeding, ect.
Available online: January 08, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240812002
Abstract:
Maize is one of the most important crops in the world. The maize yield accounts for 41.5% of gross grain yields in China. Stalk rot seriously harms maize production, reducing the yield and quality and increasing the difficulty in mechanized corn harvesting. Furthermore, the pathogens causing stalk rot produces mycotoxins that contaminate roughage forage and hazard the safety of livestock. Up to date, more than 30 kinds of fungi causing maize stalk rot have been isolated and identified, among which Fusarium spp. and Pythium spp. are the main pathogenic fungi in China. Soil inoculation, root injury method, drilling inoculation and toothpick method are the commonly used methods to identify maize resistance to stalk rot. Some maize germplasm with excellent stalk rot resistance have been identified from thousands of resources. Resistance genetic analysis and gene mining were carried out in some materials, and 46 loci with stalk rot resistance were mapped, and then resistance mechanism was analyzed by multi-omics analysis. Two genes, ZmCCT and ZmAuxRP1, were cloned and the resistance mechanism was explored. Even so, there are still few cases of resistant maize varieties with high yield and quality cultivated widely in production practice. In this paper, the advances in maize stalk rot resistance were summarized from the aspects, including diverse pathogens and regional distribution, mycotoxins, identification and screening of resistant maize germplasm resources, resistance genetics, resistance gene mining and cloning, and mechanism exploring. Some current problems and future prospects were put forward. The main aim is to provide reference for the research on maize resistance to stalk rot.
Maize is one of the most important crops in the world. The maize yield accounts for 41.5% of gross grain yields in China. Stalk rot seriously harms maize production, reducing the yield and quality and increasing the difficulty in mechanized corn harvesting. Furthermore, the pathogens causing stalk rot produces mycotoxins that contaminate roughage forage and hazard the safety of livestock. Up to date, more than 30 kinds of fungi causing maize stalk rot have been isolated and identified, among which Fusarium spp. and Pythium spp. are the main pathogenic fungi in China. Soil inoculation, root injury method, drilling inoculation and toothpick method are the commonly used methods to identify maize resistance to stalk rot. Some maize germplasm with excellent stalk rot resistance have been identified from thousands of resources. Resistance genetic analysis and gene mining were carried out in some materials, and 46 loci with stalk rot resistance were mapped, and then resistance mechanism was analyzed by multi-omics analysis. Two genes, ZmCCT and ZmAuxRP1, were cloned and the resistance mechanism was explored. Even so, there are still few cases of resistant maize varieties with high yield and quality cultivated widely in production practice. In this paper, the advances in maize stalk rot resistance were summarized from the aspects, including diverse pathogens and regional distribution, mycotoxins, identification and screening of resistant maize germplasm resources, resistance genetics, resistance gene mining and cloning, and mechanism exploring. Some current problems and future prospects were put forward. The main aim is to provide reference for the research on maize resistance to stalk rot.
Available online: January 07, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240902002
Abstract:
Polyploid breeding is an important way to innovate cassava germplasms. In order to explore the effects of cassava polyploidization on plant phenotype, plant growth potential, and photosynthesis-related physiological indicators, we analyzed 27 quality traits and 19 quantitative traits of 8 cassava varieties and their corresponding induced autotetraploid resources. The results showed that 8 cassava varieties showed differences in 40 phenotypic traits. The "leaf center leaflet shape" traits were significantly different between the diploid varieties and their autotetraploid resources., The majority of autotetraploid resources shows reduced proportion of split leaves, shortened,plant heights, and reduced number of root tubers compared with corresponding diploids . Only the root tuber yield of X048 and SC12 autotetraploids increased, and the dry matter content of NZ199 and SC14 autotetraploids increased. A survey of plant growth potential indicators found that most of the tetraploid varieties have lower plant heights than diploids; leaf retention of tetraploid lower than diploids,and reach the highest leaf holdings from late August to early October. The effect of chromosome doubling on the stem diameter of each variety is not obvious; the net photosynthetic rate of 8 varieties all shows significantly higher rate in tetraploidsthan diploids. This study clarified the phenotypic differences and growth and development characteristics of diploids and autotetraploids of 8 varieties, analyzed the impact and occurrence rules of chromosome doubling on plants, and provided materials and theoretical basis for cassava polyploidy research.
Polyploid breeding is an important way to innovate cassava germplasms. In order to explore the effects of cassava polyploidization on plant phenotype, plant growth potential, and photosynthesis-related physiological indicators, we analyzed 27 quality traits and 19 quantitative traits of 8 cassava varieties and their corresponding induced autotetraploid resources. The results showed that 8 cassava varieties showed differences in 40 phenotypic traits. The "leaf center leaflet shape" traits were significantly different between the diploid varieties and their autotetraploid resources., The majority of autotetraploid resources shows reduced proportion of split leaves, shortened,plant heights, and reduced number of root tubers compared with corresponding diploids . Only the root tuber yield of X048 and SC12 autotetraploids increased, and the dry matter content of NZ199 and SC14 autotetraploids increased. A survey of plant growth potential indicators found that most of the tetraploid varieties have lower plant heights than diploids; leaf retention of tetraploid lower than diploids,and reach the highest leaf holdings from late August to early October. The effect of chromosome doubling on the stem diameter of each variety is not obvious; the net photosynthetic rate of 8 varieties all shows significantly higher rate in tetraploidsthan diploids. This study clarified the phenotypic differences and growth and development characteristics of diploids and autotetraploids of 8 varieties, analyzed the impact and occurrence rules of chromosome doubling on plants, and provided materials and theoretical basis for cassava polyploidy research.
Available online: January 07, 2025
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240626003
Abstract:
Phenylalanin ammonia-lyase (PAL) is a key and rate-limiting enzyme in the phenylpropane metabolic pathway, which plays an important role in plant growth, development and stress tolerance. In this study, we screened PAL gene family members in the whole genome of sweet potato, and the physicochemical properties, phylogeny, conserved domains, chromosomal localization and gene expression of sweet potato PAL gene family members were analyzed. The results showed that a total of 33 IbPALs genes were identified in the whole genome of sweet potato, which were unevenly distributed on chromosomes 2, 6, 9 and 15. PALs proteins have small differences in physicochemical properties and similar conserved motifs and gene structures. Multiple cis-acting elements related to abiotic and biotic stress response, phytohormone responsive and growth and development regulation are present on the promoter of IbPALs. There were collinear relationships between sweet potato IbPALs and Arabidopsis thaliana, Ipomoea trifida and Ipomoea triloba PALs genes. The transcriptome data of sweet potato showed that IbPALs gene was expressed in different tissues of sweet potato and was induced by drought stress. This study provides a reference for further understanding the function of PAL family gene in sweet potato and lays a foundation for genetic improvement of sweet potato.
Phenylalanin ammonia-lyase (PAL) is a key and rate-limiting enzyme in the phenylpropane metabolic pathway, which plays an important role in plant growth, development and stress tolerance. In this study, we screened PAL gene family members in the whole genome of sweet potato, and the physicochemical properties, phylogeny, conserved domains, chromosomal localization and gene expression of sweet potato PAL gene family members were analyzed. The results showed that a total of 33 IbPALs genes were identified in the whole genome of sweet potato, which were unevenly distributed on chromosomes 2, 6, 9 and 15. PALs proteins have small differences in physicochemical properties and similar conserved motifs and gene structures. Multiple cis-acting elements related to abiotic and biotic stress response, phytohormone responsive and growth and development regulation are present on the promoter of IbPALs. There were collinear relationships between sweet potato IbPALs and Arabidopsis thaliana, Ipomoea trifida and Ipomoea triloba PALs genes. The transcriptome data of sweet potato showed that IbPALs gene was expressed in different tissues of sweet potato and was induced by drought stress. This study provides a reference for further understanding the function of PAL family gene in sweet potato and lays a foundation for genetic improvement of sweet potato.
CHEN Chen, WANG Huiwei, LI Chunxin, WANG Shufeng, CHENG Shan, ZHU Yajing, SONG Wanxian, and ZHANG Xiangge
Available online: December 23, 2024
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240919002
Abstract:
Oleosin is the most abundant protein on the surface of oil body, which plays an important role in the formation of plant oil body and oil storage. Cyperus esculentus is a unique tuber oil crop. Exploring the characteristics of the oleosin gene family in Cyperus esculentus and screening the key oleosin genes responding to oil storage are of great significance for analyzing the regulation mechanism of oil storage. In this study, the phylogenetic and collinear analysis of oleosin gene family members in Cyperus esculentus and several other species were performed using bioinformatics methods, and further tissue expression analysis of CeOLEs, oil content detection in different tissues, and functional verification of overexpressing CeOLEs in Arabidopsis were carried out. Bioinformatics analysis showed that six oleosin gene family members (CeOLE1 - 6) were identified in the whole genome of Cyperus esculentus, the number of which was relatively small; however, they distributed in three evolutionary lineages (U, SL and SH subfamilies), and have high evolutionary conservation and collinearity with oleosin gene family members of maize and rice. The qPCR analysis showed that the expression levels of the six CeOLEs were high in the tubers of Cyperus esculentus, but extremely low in roots, leaves, tillering nodes, stolons and other tissues. Accordingly, the oil content of Cyperus esculentus tubers was up to 24.68%, while the oil content in roots, leaves, tillering nodes and stolons was less than 1.00%. It can be seen that the oil content of Cyperus esculentus may be closely positively correlated with the expression level of CeOLEs. In addition, through the analysis of the expression level of CeOLEs and oil content in tubers at different development stages, it was found that the expression levels of CeOLE1, CeOLE2, CeOLE3 and CeOLE5 were higher, and their expression patterns were consistent with the change rate of oil content in tubers (first increased and then decreased), indicating that these four CeOLEs may be the key genes affecting the oil content in Cyperus esculentus tubers. Overexpression of CeOLE1, CeOLE2, CeOLE3 and CeOLE5 in Arabidopsis significantly increased the oil content of Arabidopsis seeds, which verified the function of these four CeOLEs in oil storage. In summary, the results of this study clarified the characteristics of oleosin gene family in Cyperus esculentus, screened and functionally verified the key oleosin genes responding to oil storage, and laid a foundation for further analysis of oil storage mechanism and genetic improvement of Cyperus esculentus.
Oleosin is the most abundant protein on the surface of oil body, which plays an important role in the formation of plant oil body and oil storage. Cyperus esculentus is a unique tuber oil crop. Exploring the characteristics of the oleosin gene family in Cyperus esculentus and screening the key oleosin genes responding to oil storage are of great significance for analyzing the regulation mechanism of oil storage. In this study, the phylogenetic and collinear analysis of oleosin gene family members in Cyperus esculentus and several other species were performed using bioinformatics methods, and further tissue expression analysis of CeOLEs, oil content detection in different tissues, and functional verification of overexpressing CeOLEs in Arabidopsis were carried out. Bioinformatics analysis showed that six oleosin gene family members (CeOLE1 - 6) were identified in the whole genome of Cyperus esculentus, the number of which was relatively small; however, they distributed in three evolutionary lineages (U, SL and SH subfamilies), and have high evolutionary conservation and collinearity with oleosin gene family members of maize and rice. The qPCR analysis showed that the expression levels of the six CeOLEs were high in the tubers of Cyperus esculentus, but extremely low in roots, leaves, tillering nodes, stolons and other tissues. Accordingly, the oil content of Cyperus esculentus tubers was up to 24.68%, while the oil content in roots, leaves, tillering nodes and stolons was less than 1.00%. It can be seen that the oil content of Cyperus esculentus may be closely positively correlated with the expression level of CeOLEs. In addition, through the analysis of the expression level of CeOLEs and oil content in tubers at different development stages, it was found that the expression levels of CeOLE1, CeOLE2, CeOLE3 and CeOLE5 were higher, and their expression patterns were consistent with the change rate of oil content in tubers (first increased and then decreased), indicating that these four CeOLEs may be the key genes affecting the oil content in Cyperus esculentus tubers. Overexpression of CeOLE1, CeOLE2, CeOLE3 and CeOLE5 in Arabidopsis significantly increased the oil content of Arabidopsis seeds, which verified the function of these four CeOLEs in oil storage. In summary, the results of this study clarified the characteristics of oleosin gene family in Cyperus esculentus, screened and functionally verified the key oleosin genes responding to oil storage, and laid a foundation for further analysis of oil storage mechanism and genetic improvement of Cyperus esculentus.
Available online: November 13, 2024
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240918001
Abstract:
Purple corn (Zea mays L.) contained a higher anthocyanins and other functional phytochemicals, and was widely used in function food and pharmaceutical industries, thereby ranked a higher economic benefits for the corn industry. To explore the regulatory mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in purple corn, 83 Zea mays anthocyanin biosynthetic genes (ZmABGs) were identified using bioinformatic approach, classified into 5 groups byphylogenetic tree, which were widely and randomly distributed in 10 chromosomeins. Cis-acting elements analysis of ZmABGs in the promoter region indicated that the potential role of ZmABGs involved in hormone signaling pathways and responsive to different stress.. In addition, more ZmABGs genes were expressed in pollinated organ samples than un- pollinated organ samples, especially for corn pericarp through expression analysis of different tissues. qRT-PCR showed that the upregulation of?regulatory genes (ZmPAP1-b and ZmLDB38-a)?together with its target structure genes (such as ZmF3H-b, ZmDFR-b, ZmCHS-b, ZmF3’H, ZmPAL1-b, ZmPAL1-l and Zm4CH-c) might promote the anthocyanin accumulation in?Zi2-1 at early stages (10–34 days), while the down-regulation of those ZmABGs at late developmental stages (34–46?days). Taken together, our results gain insight into better understanding of the genetic mechanisms and regulatory network of anthocyanin accumulation in?maize, and providing a theoretical basis for promoting the breeding of high anthocyanin maize varieties.
Purple corn (Zea mays L.) contained a higher anthocyanins and other functional phytochemicals, and was widely used in function food and pharmaceutical industries, thereby ranked a higher economic benefits for the corn industry. To explore the regulatory mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in purple corn, 83 Zea mays anthocyanin biosynthetic genes (ZmABGs) were identified using bioinformatic approach, classified into 5 groups byphylogenetic tree, which were widely and randomly distributed in 10 chromosomeins. Cis-acting elements analysis of ZmABGs in the promoter region indicated that the potential role of ZmABGs involved in hormone signaling pathways and responsive to different stress.. In addition, more ZmABGs genes were expressed in pollinated organ samples than un- pollinated organ samples, especially for corn pericarp through expression analysis of different tissues. qRT-PCR showed that the upregulation of?regulatory genes (ZmPAP1-b and ZmLDB38-a)?together with its target structure genes (such as ZmF3H-b, ZmDFR-b, ZmCHS-b, ZmF3’H, ZmPAL1-b, ZmPAL1-l and Zm4CH-c) might promote the anthocyanin accumulation in?Zi2-1 at early stages (10–34 days), while the down-regulation of those ZmABGs at late developmental stages (34–46?days). Taken together, our results gain insight into better understanding of the genetic mechanisms and regulatory network of anthocyanin accumulation in?maize, and providing a theoretical basis for promoting the breeding of high anthocyanin maize varieties.
Available online: November 12, 2024
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241007002
Abstract:
With the increasing global warming, high temperature seriously threatens rice production and food security. Identifying heat-tolerant genes and cultivating new heat-resistant varieties are crucial approaches to deal with the harm of high temperature. A set of RIL population, derived from the cross between the heat-sensitive variety Junambyeo(JNB) and the strong heat-tolerant variety Ganzaoxian58(GZX58), identified the heat tolerance related traits and QTL at heading stage under extreme natural high-temperature conditions based on high-density genetic map.Under high-temperature stress, seed setting rate was significantly reduced, which is significantly correlated with the control seed setting rate and heat resistance coefficient. The RIL population''s seed-setting rates under high temperature showed a continuous and approximately normal distribution, exhibiting highly significant correlations with control seed-setting rates and heat tolerance coefficients.Six QTL were detected for spikelet number, filled grain number and seed setting rate under control environment, five heat tolerance QTL were detected under high temperature stress, including qHTSF4, qHTSFII4, qHTC2, qHTC4 and qHTC6, among these QTLs qHTSFI4, qHTSFII4 and qHTC4 were located in the same chromosome region, forming a major QTL cluster qHTH4. Utilizing high-density genetic map, extreme lines genotype and bioinformatics, it was confirmed that qHTC2, qHTH4 and qHTC6 function in regulating heat tolerance and had additive effects, in here, the RIL lines that aggregated more than two major QTL had significantly enhanced heat resistance, and then 14 directly related gene were screened in the key QTL mapping target regions, which laid the foundation for the genetic improvement of heat tolerance and molecular mechanism analysis of key genes in rice.
With the increasing global warming, high temperature seriously threatens rice production and food security. Identifying heat-tolerant genes and cultivating new heat-resistant varieties are crucial approaches to deal with the harm of high temperature. A set of RIL population, derived from the cross between the heat-sensitive variety Junambyeo(JNB) and the strong heat-tolerant variety Ganzaoxian58(GZX58), identified the heat tolerance related traits and QTL at heading stage under extreme natural high-temperature conditions based on high-density genetic map.Under high-temperature stress, seed setting rate was significantly reduced, which is significantly correlated with the control seed setting rate and heat resistance coefficient. The RIL population''s seed-setting rates under high temperature showed a continuous and approximately normal distribution, exhibiting highly significant correlations with control seed-setting rates and heat tolerance coefficients.Six QTL were detected for spikelet number, filled grain number and seed setting rate under control environment, five heat tolerance QTL were detected under high temperature stress, including qHTSF4, qHTSFII4, qHTC2, qHTC4 and qHTC6, among these QTLs qHTSFI4, qHTSFII4 and qHTC4 were located in the same chromosome region, forming a major QTL cluster qHTH4. Utilizing high-density genetic map, extreme lines genotype and bioinformatics, it was confirmed that qHTC2, qHTH4 and qHTC6 function in regulating heat tolerance and had additive effects, in here, the RIL lines that aggregated more than two major QTL had significantly enhanced heat resistance, and then 14 directly related gene were screened in the key QTL mapping target regions, which laid the foundation for the genetic improvement of heat tolerance and molecular mechanism analysis of key genes in rice.
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2020,21(6):1435-1445
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20200522001
Abstract:
Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is a representative crop in dryland agriculture and has been cultivated for over 10,000 years. Wild broomcorn millet, widely distributed in fields alongside the cultivated broomcorn millet and in woodland edges and grasslands across Eurasia, plays a crucial role in studies of broomcorn millet origin and domestication history. This review summarizes the research progresses achieved in China in germplasm collection and conservation, identification and evaluation, and genetic diversity analysis of wild broomcorn millet, and in the relationship between the wild broomcorn millet and cultivated broomcorn millet, and proposes further project development and the core mission of collection, utilization and research of wild broomcorn millet resources in China.
Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is a representative crop in dryland agriculture and has been cultivated for over 10,000 years. Wild broomcorn millet, widely distributed in fields alongside the cultivated broomcorn millet and in woodland edges and grasslands across Eurasia, plays a crucial role in studies of broomcorn millet origin and domestication history. This review summarizes the research progresses achieved in China in germplasm collection and conservation, identification and evaluation, and genetic diversity analysis of wild broomcorn millet, and in the relationship between the wild broomcorn millet and cultivated broomcorn millet, and proposes further project development and the core mission of collection, utilization and research of wild broomcorn millet resources in China.
ZHANG Min-juan, WANG Deng-ke, DUAN Shi-xiang, DOU Jun-ling, YANG Sen, LIU Dong-ming, NIU Huan-huan, ZHU Hua-yu, HU Jian-bin, SUN Shou-ru, MA Chang-sheng, YANG Lu-ming
2022,23(5):1298-1309
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220616001
Abstract:
In recent years, facility cultivation in watermelon has become one of the main ways in China, and dwarf germplasm resources have been of interest considering their application for their unique advantages in facility cultivation. Dwarf is one important agronomic trait in modulating plant architecture, and dwarf watermelon varieties are adaptable for high-density planting, mechanizing management and pest control, which can effectively reduce costs and meet the current needs of simplified watermelon cultivation. In this study, 14 dwarf germplasms, which were collected from domestic and foreign countries, were subjected for self-pollination with several generations to obtain homozygous inbred lines. Fourteen dwarf germplasms were subjected for diallel crosses, and F1 hybrids and derived F2 populations were analyzed for plant architecture related agronomic traits. Based on allelic tests for 14 dwarf germplasms, two types (class-I and class-II) on the dwarf phenotype were observed. The dwarf trait in class-I mutants d1, d2, d3 and d6 was controlled by the same recessive gene Cldw1, while the dwarf trait in class-mutants was controlled by another recessive gene Cldf. The F1 hybrid derived from inter-crosses between two classes were observed with long vine, and the segregation ratio of the vine type in F2 population was 9:3:3:1, thus confirming that the dwarf trait in two types of mutants were controlled by two different recessive genes. The analysis of different dwarf germplasm mutants in this study provided better understanding of watermelon dwarf resources, which has implication in breeding for new watermelon dwarf varieties.
In recent years, facility cultivation in watermelon has become one of the main ways in China, and dwarf germplasm resources have been of interest considering their application for their unique advantages in facility cultivation. Dwarf is one important agronomic trait in modulating plant architecture, and dwarf watermelon varieties are adaptable for high-density planting, mechanizing management and pest control, which can effectively reduce costs and meet the current needs of simplified watermelon cultivation. In this study, 14 dwarf germplasms, which were collected from domestic and foreign countries, were subjected for self-pollination with several generations to obtain homozygous inbred lines. Fourteen dwarf germplasms were subjected for diallel crosses, and F1 hybrids and derived F2 populations were analyzed for plant architecture related agronomic traits. Based on allelic tests for 14 dwarf germplasms, two types (class-I and class-II) on the dwarf phenotype were observed. The dwarf trait in class-I mutants d1, d2, d3 and d6 was controlled by the same recessive gene Cldw1, while the dwarf trait in class-mutants was controlled by another recessive gene Cldf. The F1 hybrid derived from inter-crosses between two classes were observed with long vine, and the segregation ratio of the vine type in F2 population was 9:3:3:1, thus confirming that the dwarf trait in two types of mutants were controlled by two different recessive genes. The analysis of different dwarf germplasm mutants in this study provided better understanding of watermelon dwarf resources, which has implication in breeding for new watermelon dwarf varieties.
2013,14(2):361-366
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2013.02.028
Abstract:
The allotriploid interspecies (BCC) were obtained by reciprocal crosses between Brassica carinata (2n=4x=BBCC=34) and Chinese kale (2n=2x=CC=18). The interspecies displayed a stronger growth than parents; the plant and flower type tended to parent B. carinata; and the flower color was the same as parent Chinese kale. Meiosis observation of the allotriploid showed that 9 bivalents and 8 univalents (9Ⅱ 8Ⅰ) were formed at diakinesis, and the two kind of chromosomes (B and C) tended to separate into two groups; at metaphaseⅠ, 9 bivalents of CC genome arranged on equatorial plane and 8 univalents of B genome distributed around the equatorial plane ; and at anaphaseⅠ, the distributions of chromosomes with 13/13 or 12/14 were in the majority. The obtain of this allotriploid (BCC) provides an important material for production of CC B alien addition lines and for study of chromosome homology between B and C genome.
The allotriploid interspecies (BCC) were obtained by reciprocal crosses between Brassica carinata (2n=4x=BBCC=34) and Chinese kale (2n=2x=CC=18). The interspecies displayed a stronger growth than parents; the plant and flower type tended to parent B. carinata; and the flower color was the same as parent Chinese kale. Meiosis observation of the allotriploid showed that 9 bivalents and 8 univalents (9Ⅱ 8Ⅰ) were formed at diakinesis, and the two kind of chromosomes (B and C) tended to separate into two groups; at metaphaseⅠ, 9 bivalents of CC genome arranged on equatorial plane and 8 univalents of B genome distributed around the equatorial plane ; and at anaphaseⅠ, the distributions of chromosomes with 13/13 or 12/14 were in the majority. The obtain of this allotriploid (BCC) provides an important material for production of CC B alien addition lines and for study of chromosome homology between B and C genome.
2013,14(2):193-201
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2013.02.002
Abstract:
The project of “investigation of biological resources of agriculture in Yunnan province and its peripheral area”belongs to National Basic Task Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology. The project has passed the acceptance inspection from the Ministry of Science and Technology in May, 2012, after it has been carried out for 5 years. Yunnan and its peripheral area are low latitudes and high altitudes, also the concentrative areas inhabited by minority nationality people, where the species of agricultural crops are quite abundant, so are the biological and genetic diversity, as a result, the wild relatives of agricultural crops are plenty. In this paper, the authors have introduced the wild relatives of food crops, economic crops, vegetable crops and fruit trees collected in Yunnan and its peripheral area in order to provide basic information and scientific evidences for the researches and development, and constituting the national conservation policy of the diversity of wild plants and scientific researches.
The project of “investigation of biological resources of agriculture in Yunnan province and its peripheral area”belongs to National Basic Task Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology. The project has passed the acceptance inspection from the Ministry of Science and Technology in May, 2012, after it has been carried out for 5 years. Yunnan and its peripheral area are low latitudes and high altitudes, also the concentrative areas inhabited by minority nationality people, where the species of agricultural crops are quite abundant, so are the biological and genetic diversity, as a result, the wild relatives of agricultural crops are plenty. In this paper, the authors have introduced the wild relatives of food crops, economic crops, vegetable crops and fruit trees collected in Yunnan and its peripheral area in order to provide basic information and scientific evidences for the researches and development, and constituting the national conservation policy of the diversity of wild plants and scientific researches.
2013,14(2):289-297
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2013.02.005
Abstract:
Abstract: tassel is an important reproductive organ of maize and the appearance of different kinds of maize differ in thousands of ways .molecular markers, tightly linked with tassel color, could be screened by genetic analysis and QTL mapping of the color of the maize tassel. these molecular markers can be used as an useful tool for maize variety protection and species identification. Mean while, higher pigment content of anthocyan in purple tassel is closely related to the insect resistance of maize tassel. In this study, a black SDM of maize inbred lines were used as a common male parent and respectively hybrid with the white maize inbred lines of wood and yellow maize inbred line Mo17 to build two F2: 3 groups, respectively named MuS (Mu6 x SDM), and MoS (, Mo17 ?SDM).these two groups were planted in two different environments in Yunnan and Chongqing, then conduct QTL mapping about two traits, the anther color (COAn) and the anther capes color (COCa). The results showed that: the anther color and the anther cape color are both quantitative traits, jointly controlled by major genes and minor genes. Seven QTL related to anther color are detected from the two groups in two different environments. They are located in chromosome 2,3,6 and 10.The QTL within marker interval umc1196a-IDP8526 on the chromosome 10 both expressed in Chongqing and Yunnan, and the contribution rate of the phenotype were 23.17% and 19.98%; nine QTL related to anther cape color are detected from the two groups in two environments, located in chromosome 3, 6, 9 and 10 .Among them, three QTL are environmental insensitive (they express in both two environments and the contribution rate are greater than 10%), which respectively in the marker interval umc1979-umc1796 mmc0523-umc2006 in chromosome 6 and the marker interval umc1196a-umc2043 in the chromosome 10 and the contribution rate of the phenotype ranges from 10.69% to 59.30%. The location and effect of the major QTL detected from these two groups have a high degree of consistency, and the major QTL controlling the two traits of anther color and anther cape color have the phenomenon of chain of distribution, mainly near the marker mmc0523 at bin6.04 and the marker IDP8526 at bin10.04. QTL that located on chromosome 6 and 10, and that are stable in different environments and genetic backgrounds can be regarded as the target sites used for further fine mapping. They can also provide a valuable reference for marker-assisted selection of maize tassel color.
Abstract: tassel is an important reproductive organ of maize and the appearance of different kinds of maize differ in thousands of ways .molecular markers, tightly linked with tassel color, could be screened by genetic analysis and QTL mapping of the color of the maize tassel. these molecular markers can be used as an useful tool for maize variety protection and species identification. Mean while, higher pigment content of anthocyan in purple tassel is closely related to the insect resistance of maize tassel. In this study, a black SDM of maize inbred lines were used as a common male parent and respectively hybrid with the white maize inbred lines of wood and yellow maize inbred line Mo17 to build two F2: 3 groups, respectively named MuS (Mu6 x SDM), and MoS (, Mo17 ?SDM).these two groups were planted in two different environments in Yunnan and Chongqing, then conduct QTL mapping about two traits, the anther color (COAn) and the anther capes color (COCa). The results showed that: the anther color and the anther cape color are both quantitative traits, jointly controlled by major genes and minor genes. Seven QTL related to anther color are detected from the two groups in two different environments. They are located in chromosome 2,3,6 and 10.The QTL within marker interval umc1196a-IDP8526 on the chromosome 10 both expressed in Chongqing and Yunnan, and the contribution rate of the phenotype were 23.17% and 19.98%; nine QTL related to anther cape color are detected from the two groups in two environments, located in chromosome 3, 6, 9 and 10 .Among them, three QTL are environmental insensitive (they express in both two environments and the contribution rate are greater than 10%), which respectively in the marker interval umc1979-umc1796 mmc0523-umc2006 in chromosome 6 and the marker interval umc1196a-umc2043 in the chromosome 10 and the contribution rate of the phenotype ranges from 10.69% to 59.30%. The location and effect of the major QTL detected from these two groups have a high degree of consistency, and the major QTL controlling the two traits of anther color and anther cape color have the phenomenon of chain of distribution, mainly near the marker mmc0523 at bin6.04 and the marker IDP8526 at bin10.04. QTL that located on chromosome 6 and 10, and that are stable in different environments and genetic backgrounds can be regarded as the target sites used for further fine mapping. They can also provide a valuable reference for marker-assisted selection of maize tassel color.
Investigation and Nutrition Components Analysis of Wild Chives in Hezhang County of Guizhou Province
2017,18(6):1137-1144
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2017.06.015
Abstract:
Guizhou province is an important distribution area of wild allium, especially in Hezhang county. In order to understand and study the distribution, the wild Chinese chive in Hezhang county was investigated, and the main nutritional components were analyzed. The results indicated that there are mainly 3 kinds of wild Chinese chive distributed in Hezhang county, Allium wallichii Kunth., Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt.(tentatively named) and Allium hookeri Thwaites (tentatively named). . The geographical distribution, habitat and climate of the wild chives were investigated. Among 17 kinds of amino acids, except for proline, the contents of other amino acids in wild chives were higher than that of the cultivated chive. The sugar contents of wild chives were significantly lower than the cultivated chive. Among 9 trace elements, zinc and iron contents of Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt.were significantly higher than that of cultivated chives and other wild chives. Among 4 kinds of heavy metal, cadmium content in 3 kinds of wild chives exceed the limitation of national standard, especially the cadmium content in Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt. was significantly higher than the others. Content of arsenic, mercury and lead in Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt. also exceed the limitation of national standard; Vc content in leaves and stalk of Allium wallichii Kunth. in original habit was higher than that of cultivated chives. The biological characteristics and nutrition components of wild chives from Hezhang county were significantly different from that of cultivated chives, which will be important genetic resources for utilization and quality development of chives.
Guizhou province is an important distribution area of wild allium, especially in Hezhang county. In order to understand and study the distribution, the wild Chinese chive in Hezhang county was investigated, and the main nutritional components were analyzed. The results indicated that there are mainly 3 kinds of wild Chinese chive distributed in Hezhang county, Allium wallichii Kunth., Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt.(tentatively named) and Allium hookeri Thwaites (tentatively named). . The geographical distribution, habitat and climate of the wild chives were investigated. Among 17 kinds of amino acids, except for proline, the contents of other amino acids in wild chives were higher than that of the cultivated chive. The sugar contents of wild chives were significantly lower than the cultivated chive. Among 9 trace elements, zinc and iron contents of Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt.were significantly higher than that of cultivated chives and other wild chives. Among 4 kinds of heavy metal, cadmium content in 3 kinds of wild chives exceed the limitation of national standard, especially the cadmium content in Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt. was significantly higher than the others. Content of arsenic, mercury and lead in Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt. also exceed the limitation of national standard; Vc content in leaves and stalk of Allium wallichii Kunth. in original habit was higher than that of cultivated chives. The biological characteristics and nutrition components of wild chives from Hezhang county were significantly different from that of cultivated chives, which will be important genetic resources for utilization and quality development of chives.
2020,21(4):975-983
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20191126002
Abstract:
The root system architecture (RSA) determines the composition of the root system and plays an irreplaceable role in crop growth and development. It is of great significance to analyze the genetic mechanism of wheat root architecture and the selection of varieties with better RSA traits in breeding for elite wheat varieties. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) is an effective method to analyze the genetic mechanism of complicated quantitative traits (i.e. RSA) in wheat. In the study, GWAS for RSA-related traits(total root length, total root surface area, total root volume, average root diameter and number of root tips) were conducted in 160 wheat accessions from Henan and Shandong, which were previously genotyped by wheat 660K SNP chip. Twenty-three loci associated with RSA related traits were detected from chromosomes 1A, 2A, 2B, 3B, 4A, 5A, 5B, 5D, 6A, 6B and 7B, and each explained the phenotypic variation variable from 7.2% to 12.8%. Among them, eleven loci are found to coincide with the formerly-reported loci, and the remaining 12 loci are newly identified. Taken together, this study is of significance to uncover the genetic structure of the root architecture with a potential in future breeding of high-yield and stress-resistant wheat cultivars.
The root system architecture (RSA) determines the composition of the root system and plays an irreplaceable role in crop growth and development. It is of great significance to analyze the genetic mechanism of wheat root architecture and the selection of varieties with better RSA traits in breeding for elite wheat varieties. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) is an effective method to analyze the genetic mechanism of complicated quantitative traits (i.e. RSA) in wheat. In the study, GWAS for RSA-related traits(total root length, total root surface area, total root volume, average root diameter and number of root tips) were conducted in 160 wheat accessions from Henan and Shandong, which were previously genotyped by wheat 660K SNP chip. Twenty-three loci associated with RSA related traits were detected from chromosomes 1A, 2A, 2B, 3B, 4A, 5A, 5B, 5D, 6A, 6B and 7B, and each explained the phenotypic variation variable from 7.2% to 12.8%. Among them, eleven loci are found to coincide with the formerly-reported loci, and the remaining 12 loci are newly identified. Taken together, this study is of significance to uncover the genetic structure of the root architecture with a potential in future breeding of high-yield and stress-resistant wheat cultivars.
2020,21(5):1196-1206
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20200109006
Abstract:
In this study, we investigated the phenotypic diversity of 18 characters on five main natural populations of Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum that were collected from three provinces Yunnan, Guangxi and Guizhou in China. The statistical methods used included nested variance analysis, coefficient of variation, correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. The results revealed significant difference at most phenotypic traits among populations if compared to that within populations. The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient (VST) was 75.18%, indicating that the population diversity was largely contributed by the variation among populations. The average variation coefficient of the 18 phenotypic traits was variable from 6.36%–18.51%, with a higher degree of dispersion. PCA showed that plant height, length of ovary, scape height, length of maximum leaf, diameter of flower and length of synsepal were the main sources of phenotypic variation. Pearson correlation analysis showed that plant height, width of synsepal and width of dorsal sepal were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with the majority of plant traits, whereas only the length of synsepal was extremely significantly correlated with geographic factors. Cluster analysis revealed three groups from the five populations, which could be explained by the geographic distribution. This study found that populations of Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum have high genetic diversity, and the variation between populations is much higher than that within the population. The phenotypic diversity indicates that wild Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum populations should be protected as much as possible. Moreover, it is recommended that germplasm is preserved in nurseries and libraries in addition to in-situ conservation, and that an artificial reproduction system is established enhance our conservation efficiency.
In this study, we investigated the phenotypic diversity of 18 characters on five main natural populations of Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum that were collected from three provinces Yunnan, Guangxi and Guizhou in China. The statistical methods used included nested variance analysis, coefficient of variation, correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. The results revealed significant difference at most phenotypic traits among populations if compared to that within populations. The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient (VST) was 75.18%, indicating that the population diversity was largely contributed by the variation among populations. The average variation coefficient of the 18 phenotypic traits was variable from 6.36%–18.51%, with a higher degree of dispersion. PCA showed that plant height, length of ovary, scape height, length of maximum leaf, diameter of flower and length of synsepal were the main sources of phenotypic variation. Pearson correlation analysis showed that plant height, width of synsepal and width of dorsal sepal were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with the majority of plant traits, whereas only the length of synsepal was extremely significantly correlated with geographic factors. Cluster analysis revealed three groups from the five populations, which could be explained by the geographic distribution. This study found that populations of Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum have high genetic diversity, and the variation between populations is much higher than that within the population. The phenotypic diversity indicates that wild Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum populations should be protected as much as possible. Moreover, it is recommended that germplasm is preserved in nurseries and libraries in addition to in-situ conservation, and that an artificial reproduction system is established enhance our conservation efficiency.
2017,18(5):867-873
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2017.05.008
Abstract:
To explore the main characters of the genetic features of sorghum panicle and evaluate the use value of material of latest introduction and cultivation of sorghum parents, thus providing theoretical basis for breeding of sorghum panicle and reference. Four sorghum sterile lines(13163A, 1358A, 128A and 407A ) and 6 restorer lines (9.1R, 213R, 272R, 381R, Dwarf182R and Early21R) were mated, the combining ability of main traits of F1 generation’s panicles was analyzed according to incomplete diallel cross(NCII). The results showed that the main panicle traits exist significant genetic differences, the main performance for the additive gene effect of genetic traits are: spike length, primary branches number, secondary branch number, grain numbe per spike; Narrow heritability size order are: secondary branch number > primary branch number > spike length> grain number per spike > grain weight per spike >1000-kernel weight. Different parent’s general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) is significant difference in different traits. Sterile line 407A and restorer early 21R, 9.1R which has better comprehensive characteristic, have great potential applications in production of hybrid combinations. Restorer 272R combined with lower spike grain number and small grains characteristics can satisfy the market demand for small grain sorghum. In-depth analysis of sorghum hybrid parent main panicle traits, is conducive to the further understanding and use of parent material.
To explore the main characters of the genetic features of sorghum panicle and evaluate the use value of material of latest introduction and cultivation of sorghum parents, thus providing theoretical basis for breeding of sorghum panicle and reference. Four sorghum sterile lines(13163A, 1358A, 128A and 407A ) and 6 restorer lines (9.1R, 213R, 272R, 381R, Dwarf182R and Early21R) were mated, the combining ability of main traits of F1 generation’s panicles was analyzed according to incomplete diallel cross(NCII). The results showed that the main panicle traits exist significant genetic differences, the main performance for the additive gene effect of genetic traits are: spike length, primary branches number, secondary branch number, grain numbe per spike; Narrow heritability size order are: secondary branch number > primary branch number > spike length> grain number per spike > grain weight per spike >1000-kernel weight. Different parent’s general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) is significant difference in different traits. Sterile line 407A and restorer early 21R, 9.1R which has better comprehensive characteristic, have great potential applications in production of hybrid combinations. Restorer 272R combined with lower spike grain number and small grains characteristics can satisfy the market demand for small grain sorghum. In-depth analysis of sorghum hybrid parent main panicle traits, is conducive to the further understanding and use of parent material.
2017,18(5):891-904
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2017.05.011
Abstract:
Abstract: Studies were conducted on the distributions of sugar and acids contents of 118 doses of peach accessions, which contain six cultivar groups in China, for providing reliable evidences of high quality peach breeding selection. In this study Soluble sugar was detected by fehling reagent. Titratable acidity was detected by NaOH.Sugar and organic acid compositions in 295 peach accessions were detected using the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Result:1) Cultivars derived from Yunnan-Guizhou plateau, Southern China Contain high value of sugar compositions (fructose, sucrose), soluble sugar, total sugar, but those are low in cultivars of Northwest China. Cultivars of Changjiang River Region and Northeast China contain high value of fructose.Cultivars derived from North China Plain, Changjiang River Region and Southern China contain low value of titratable acidity , some acid compositions(citrale, quinate, malate) and total acid, but those are high in cultivars of Northwest China. Cultivars derived from North China Plain, Changjiang River Region and Southern China contain high value of SS/TA, SSC/TA and ‘Total sugar/ Total acid’, but those are low in cultivars of Northwest China, Yunnan-Guizhou plateau and Northeast China. 2) For sugar compositions in different cultivars, Ratio of ‘fructose to total sugar’ is the highest in Changjiang River Region cultivars, Northwest China cultivars have a high level of ‘glucose to total sugar’. The ratio of ‘sorbitol to total sugar’ is the highest in Southern China cultivars, but the Northest China cultivars have the lowest level. Ratio of ‘sucrose to total sugar’ have no significant difference in six ecological cultivar groups. For the analysis of acid compositions, Changjiang River Region cultivars have high level of citrale, but cultivars of Southern China have a lower level, which have the highest level of quinate. The ratios of succinic and malate acids have no significant difference in six ecological cultivar groups.
Abstract: Studies were conducted on the distributions of sugar and acids contents of 118 doses of peach accessions, which contain six cultivar groups in China, for providing reliable evidences of high quality peach breeding selection. In this study Soluble sugar was detected by fehling reagent. Titratable acidity was detected by NaOH.Sugar and organic acid compositions in 295 peach accessions were detected using the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Result:1) Cultivars derived from Yunnan-Guizhou plateau, Southern China Contain high value of sugar compositions (fructose, sucrose), soluble sugar, total sugar, but those are low in cultivars of Northwest China. Cultivars of Changjiang River Region and Northeast China contain high value of fructose.Cultivars derived from North China Plain, Changjiang River Region and Southern China contain low value of titratable acidity , some acid compositions(citrale, quinate, malate) and total acid, but those are high in cultivars of Northwest China. Cultivars derived from North China Plain, Changjiang River Region and Southern China contain high value of SS/TA, SSC/TA and ‘Total sugar/ Total acid’, but those are low in cultivars of Northwest China, Yunnan-Guizhou plateau and Northeast China. 2) For sugar compositions in different cultivars, Ratio of ‘fructose to total sugar’ is the highest in Changjiang River Region cultivars, Northwest China cultivars have a high level of ‘glucose to total sugar’. The ratio of ‘sorbitol to total sugar’ is the highest in Southern China cultivars, but the Northest China cultivars have the lowest level. Ratio of ‘sucrose to total sugar’ have no significant difference in six ecological cultivar groups. For the analysis of acid compositions, Changjiang River Region cultivars have high level of citrale, but cultivars of Southern China have a lower level, which have the highest level of quinate. The ratios of succinic and malate acids have no significant difference in six ecological cultivar groups.
2014,15(1):113-119
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2014.01.015
Abstract:
Broccoli is an important cruciferous vegetable, it has a good anti-cancer effect, with the expanding cultivation area of broccoli and the developing of anticancer drug, the demand for broccoli seeds are increasing. Using male sterile line to produce F1 generation seeds is an important way to utilize of heterosis, but the cytoplasmic male sterile lines commonly used in production have the problems of the buds death are heavier in the early, nectar volume is less and seeds production are low. Our group makes excellent broccoli inbred lines as male parent. cabbage dominant genic male sterility material 79-399-3 and cytoplasmic male sterile material OguraCMSR3 629 as the infertility sources, we have obtained multiple dominant genic male sterile lines and cytoplasmic male sterile lines of broccoli through backcrossing method, in order to further effectively use of broccoli male sterile lines and search for better infertility sources, The the differences of the bud death numbers, floral organ structure and number of or frequecing bees visiting flowers among dominant genic male sterile（DGMS）lines，cytoplasmic male sterile（CMS）lines and inbred lines of broccoli 8554, 8590 and 93219 were studied. The results showed that the differences of the bud length, bud diameter, death buds of single branch, corolla diameter, stamen length, anther length, petal length, the times of visiting bees, the number of visiting bees and the time of bees staying on the flower between DGMS and CMS of lines 8554, 8590 and 93219 were significant. On As athe whole, above characteristics in DGMS lines were significantly better than CMS lines.
Broccoli is an important cruciferous vegetable, it has a good anti-cancer effect, with the expanding cultivation area of broccoli and the developing of anticancer drug, the demand for broccoli seeds are increasing. Using male sterile line to produce F1 generation seeds is an important way to utilize of heterosis, but the cytoplasmic male sterile lines commonly used in production have the problems of the buds death are heavier in the early, nectar volume is less and seeds production are low. Our group makes excellent broccoli inbred lines as male parent. cabbage dominant genic male sterility material 79-399-3 and cytoplasmic male sterile material OguraCMSR3 629 as the infertility sources, we have obtained multiple dominant genic male sterile lines and cytoplasmic male sterile lines of broccoli through backcrossing method, in order to further effectively use of broccoli male sterile lines and search for better infertility sources, The the differences of the bud death numbers, floral organ structure and number of or frequecing bees visiting flowers among dominant genic male sterile（DGMS）lines，cytoplasmic male sterile（CMS）lines and inbred lines of broccoli 8554, 8590 and 93219 were studied. The results showed that the differences of the bud length, bud diameter, death buds of single branch, corolla diameter, stamen length, anther length, petal length, the times of visiting bees, the number of visiting bees and the time of bees staying on the flower between DGMS and CMS of lines 8554, 8590 and 93219 were significant. On As athe whole, above characteristics in DGMS lines were significantly better than CMS lines.
2010,11(3):364-368
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2010.03.003
Abstract:
Most agronomic charateristics and complex biosynthetic pathways are determined by the coordination of multiple gene expression ,and gene pyramiding molecular breeding combined with conventional breeding techniques have become the main means for the crop breeding.Gene pyramiding molecular breeding includes genetic transformation molecular breeding and marker-assisted selection molecular breeding. The research progress of crop genetic pyramiding molecular breeding in recent were reviewed. The research methods, the countermeasures on the existing problems of gene pyramiding molecular breeding were discussed and the prospects were described as well in this paper.
Most agronomic charateristics and complex biosynthetic pathways are determined by the coordination of multiple gene expression ,and gene pyramiding molecular breeding combined with conventional breeding techniques have become the main means for the crop breeding.Gene pyramiding molecular breeding includes genetic transformation molecular breeding and marker-assisted selection molecular breeding. The research progress of crop genetic pyramiding molecular breeding in recent were reviewed. The research methods, the countermeasures on the existing problems of gene pyramiding molecular breeding were discussed and the prospects were described as well in this paper.
2010,11(1):1-4
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2010.01.001
Abstract:
Hengduan mountains lie in southwest of China,which is famous by the extending from south to north.There widely distribute wild Dactylis glomerata germplasm resources,which belongs to subspecies glomerata,and subspecies himalayensis.The distribution range of two subspecies is nearly the same,but much difference existed in the morphological characters and phenological development in two subspecies.Through hybridization of subspecies himalayensis and subspecies glomerata in artificial condition,triploid offspring may be obtained.But no definite evidence has been found that hybrid triploid offspring was existed by crossbreeding of two subspecies in natural condition.In recent decade years,many basal studies about the two subspecies have been done in China,but a few were about the protection and utilization.Thinking about the origin,it can be sure that subspecies himalayensis belong to natural origin ecotype,but subspecies glomerata was likely to belong to naturalization species.Because of the competing threat from the subspecies glomerata,it is necessary to reinforce the protection and utilization studies about the subspecies himalayensis.
Hengduan mountains lie in southwest of China,which is famous by the extending from south to north.There widely distribute wild Dactylis glomerata germplasm resources,which belongs to subspecies glomerata,and subspecies himalayensis.The distribution range of two subspecies is nearly the same,but much difference existed in the morphological characters and phenological development in two subspecies.Through hybridization of subspecies himalayensis and subspecies glomerata in artificial condition,triploid offspring may be obtained.But no definite evidence has been found that hybrid triploid offspring was existed by crossbreeding of two subspecies in natural condition.In recent decade years,many basal studies about the two subspecies have been done in China,but a few were about the protection and utilization.Thinking about the origin,it can be sure that subspecies himalayensis belong to natural origin ecotype,but subspecies glomerata was likely to belong to naturalization species.Because of the competing threat from the subspecies glomerata,it is necessary to reinforce the protection and utilization studies about the subspecies himalayensis.
2015,16(3):528-534
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2015.03.014
Abstract:
Barbarea vulgaris is an excellent cruciferous plant, particularly being ideal as a model species to study saponin biosynthesis, insect resistance, and coevolution of plants and insect pest. In order to make full use of B. vulgaris germplasm, the genetic diversity was analyzed among the 34 accessions conserved in the national mid-term gene bank for vegetables, based on the phenologic, morphological and insect resistance data from the field investigation. The results showed significant morphological diversity in B. vulgaris germplasm from Europe. Among the 34 accession, BV13-BAR13 bolted earliest, 47 days earlier than the latest bolting material (BV13-BAR9). Most of the B. vulgaris germplasm have glabrous leaves, strong tillering ability and more leaf numbers. The range and coefficient variation (CV) of the plant height, silique length and inflorescence length are the highest among all traits. Only 9 of 34 B. vulgaris are susceptible to the diamondback moth, most accessions are highly resistant to the pest. The clustering analysis showed that 34 accessions can be divided into 3 groups. The resistant and susceptible germplasm were distributed to different groups, reflecting their genetic relationships. Our research will provide useful materials and information for the genetic breeding of insect resistant B. Vulgaris and cruciferae crops.
Barbarea vulgaris is an excellent cruciferous plant, particularly being ideal as a model species to study saponin biosynthesis, insect resistance, and coevolution of plants and insect pest. In order to make full use of B. vulgaris germplasm, the genetic diversity was analyzed among the 34 accessions conserved in the national mid-term gene bank for vegetables, based on the phenologic, morphological and insect resistance data from the field investigation. The results showed significant morphological diversity in B. vulgaris germplasm from Europe. Among the 34 accession, BV13-BAR13 bolted earliest, 47 days earlier than the latest bolting material (BV13-BAR9). Most of the B. vulgaris germplasm have glabrous leaves, strong tillering ability and more leaf numbers. The range and coefficient variation (CV) of the plant height, silique length and inflorescence length are the highest among all traits. Only 9 of 34 B. vulgaris are susceptible to the diamondback moth, most accessions are highly resistant to the pest. The clustering analysis showed that 34 accessions can be divided into 3 groups. The resistant and susceptible germplasm were distributed to different groups, reflecting their genetic relationships. Our research will provide useful materials and information for the genetic breeding of insect resistant B. Vulgaris and cruciferae crops.
2010,11(6):671-677
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2010.06.004
Abstract:
High molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) in the doubling haploids from stable cultivars and the crossing hybrids between different varieties of common wheat were analyzed to explore the possibility of improving the subunit compositions by anther culture and commercial crossing. Double haploids from five wheat genotypes of Alondra, Orofen, Xinchun9, Verry, and Bainong3217 were obtained by anther culture, and different hybrids were made each other from different wheat lines with different HMW-GS constitutions such as Xingchun9, Jing771, CB037, CS, Ningchun4, Bobwhite, and yangmai12 by crossing. Then, SDS-PAGE was used to analyze the populations of the doubling haploids and the crossing hybrids for HMW-GS combinations. The results indicated that frequent variation of HMW-GS happened in the doubled haploids with a rate up to 61.8% in the test genotypes, among which Alondra and Bainong3217 gave higher variation frequency than other three varieties, and several subunits might be new ones which are not present in the corresponding wild types, but need to be identified further. Comparing with the donor lines, the typical double haploids varied in HMW-GS were not changed in main agronomic characteristics such as plant height, growth period, and grain weight. In most F1 hybrids, the expression of all HMW-GS appeared to be co-dominant, but the expression of one or two HMW-GSs was did found to be suppressed in a few F1 crosses. Cytoplasm of female parents was found to have some effect on the expression of very few subunits in a few crosses. At the same time, 2-3 possible new subunits that did not exist in the parents were observed in the two crosses, Ningchun4/CB037 and Jing771/Ningchun4. By continuous self-crossing and tracing of the new subunits, stable lines expressing the putative new subunits were obtained from the two crosses mentioned above. Variation of HMW-GSs constitution or new HMW-GS can be induced by anther culture and normal cross. Co-dominant of HMW-GS expression did not definitely exist in all F1 crosses. Cytoplasm did effect the expression of HMW-GS in some cases. The present study is theoretical and practical valuable for the improvement of wheat processing quality and the further understanding of the genetic and structural features of HMW-GSs encoding genes.
High molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) in the doubling haploids from stable cultivars and the crossing hybrids between different varieties of common wheat were analyzed to explore the possibility of improving the subunit compositions by anther culture and commercial crossing. Double haploids from five wheat genotypes of Alondra, Orofen, Xinchun9, Verry, and Bainong3217 were obtained by anther culture, and different hybrids were made each other from different wheat lines with different HMW-GS constitutions such as Xingchun9, Jing771, CB037, CS, Ningchun4, Bobwhite, and yangmai12 by crossing. Then, SDS-PAGE was used to analyze the populations of the doubling haploids and the crossing hybrids for HMW-GS combinations. The results indicated that frequent variation of HMW-GS happened in the doubled haploids with a rate up to 61.8% in the test genotypes, among which Alondra and Bainong3217 gave higher variation frequency than other three varieties, and several subunits might be new ones which are not present in the corresponding wild types, but need to be identified further. Comparing with the donor lines, the typical double haploids varied in HMW-GS were not changed in main agronomic characteristics such as plant height, growth period, and grain weight. In most F1 hybrids, the expression of all HMW-GS appeared to be co-dominant, but the expression of one or two HMW-GSs was did found to be suppressed in a few F1 crosses. Cytoplasm of female parents was found to have some effect on the expression of very few subunits in a few crosses. At the same time, 2-3 possible new subunits that did not exist in the parents were observed in the two crosses, Ningchun4/CB037 and Jing771/Ningchun4. By continuous self-crossing and tracing of the new subunits, stable lines expressing the putative new subunits were obtained from the two crosses mentioned above. Variation of HMW-GSs constitution or new HMW-GS can be induced by anther culture and normal cross. Co-dominant of HMW-GS expression did not definitely exist in all F1 crosses. Cytoplasm did effect the expression of HMW-GS in some cases. The present study is theoretical and practical valuable for the improvement of wheat processing quality and the further understanding of the genetic and structural features of HMW-GSs encoding genes.
2013,14(6):996-1012
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2013.06.003
Abstract:
China is one of the major origin centres of Vitis species, and has lots of grape species and inherited resource in the world. There are 40 species, 1 subspecies and 13 varieties originated from China. According to the “description standard and data standard for grape (Vitis L.)”, taking a number of character index as a identification parameters, the genetic. diversity of 23 Chinese wild grape species were analysised by identifying botany characteristics and agronomic traits.The results showed that Chinese wild grape had rich diversity in main phenophase, young shoot down, young shoot color, blade shape, blade color, teeth, berry size, skin color, berry flavor, floral organs and so on, with abundant genetic diversity. It can provide reference for classification,evolution and breeding of vitis . It is suggested that “description standard and data standard for grape (Vitis L.)” for further revision and improvement, in order to adapt Chinese wild vitis resource diversity evaluation research.
China is one of the major origin centres of Vitis species, and has lots of grape species and inherited resource in the world. There are 40 species, 1 subspecies and 13 varieties originated from China. According to the “description standard and data standard for grape (Vitis L.)”, taking a number of character index as a identification parameters, the genetic. diversity of 23 Chinese wild grape species were analysised by identifying botany characteristics and agronomic traits.The results showed that Chinese wild grape had rich diversity in main phenophase, young shoot down, young shoot color, blade shape, blade color, teeth, berry size, skin color, berry flavor, floral organs and so on, with abundant genetic diversity. It can provide reference for classification,evolution and breeding of vitis . It is suggested that “description standard and data standard for grape (Vitis L.)” for further revision and improvement, in order to adapt Chinese wild vitis resource diversity evaluation research.
2022,23(5):1393-1399
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220225002
Abstract:
To understand the genus Fragaria resources distributed in the south of Qinling Mountain in Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province of China, the wild strawberries were surveyed during 2019-2021 (latitude, 32°49′46″ to 33°19′38″; longitude, 106°09′23″ to 106°40′23″). The investigation sites include eight villages of three counties (Mengjiahe Village and Wangjiazhuang Village in Lueyang County; Erliba Village and Dashuya Village in Ningqiang County; Liziba Village, Lijiagou Village, Qiuqiya Village and Toudaohe Village in Mi'an County). A total of 57 wild strawberry accessions were collected in this survey. These accessions were identified and classified into three Fragaria species including Fragaria nilgerrensis Schlect., F. chinensis Lozinsk. and F. pentaphylla Lozinsk. (white-fruited), and two types including F. pentaphylla pink-fruited genotype and F. pentaphylla red-fruited genotype through botanical character observation and ploidy identification. Among them, F. pentaphylla was found to be predominant in population. These wild strawberries were found in the vertical space of 849 - 1352 m above sea level, such as mountains, forests, streams, roadsides, barren fields and rock walls. We provided the characters of the collected Fragaria species in detail, and proposed the suggestions on the protection and utilization of local wild strawberry resources.
To understand the genus Fragaria resources distributed in the south of Qinling Mountain in Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province of China, the wild strawberries were surveyed during 2019-2021 (latitude, 32°49′46″ to 33°19′38″; longitude, 106°09′23″ to 106°40′23″). The investigation sites include eight villages of three counties (Mengjiahe Village and Wangjiazhuang Village in Lueyang County; Erliba Village and Dashuya Village in Ningqiang County; Liziba Village, Lijiagou Village, Qiuqiya Village and Toudaohe Village in Mi'an County). A total of 57 wild strawberry accessions were collected in this survey. These accessions were identified and classified into three Fragaria species including Fragaria nilgerrensis Schlect., F. chinensis Lozinsk. and F. pentaphylla Lozinsk. (white-fruited), and two types including F. pentaphylla pink-fruited genotype and F. pentaphylla red-fruited genotype through botanical character observation and ploidy identification. Among them, F. pentaphylla was found to be predominant in population. These wild strawberries were found in the vertical space of 849 - 1352 m above sea level, such as mountains, forests, streams, roadsides, barren fields and rock walls. We provided the characters of the collected Fragaria species in detail, and proposed the suggestions on the protection and utilization of local wild strawberry resources.
2011,12(2):190-196
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2011.02.009
Abstract:
Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) is an important oilseed and economic crop in China. Oleic content and linoleic content of peanut seed add up to 80%. Oleic acid is an important factor that affects physical and chemical stability and nutritional value of peanut oil. Breeding peanut variety with high oleic content is an important breeding objective of peanut quality to promote international competitiveness and meet domestic consumption demand since 2000. Increasing oleic content in peanut significantly improves the nutritional quality. In this paper, we summarize mutants of high oleic peanut, the genetic characteristics of high oleic acid content and analyse pedigree relationship of high oleic acid peanut varieties and developing methods. Our purpose is to improve high oleic breeding of China peanut.
Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) is an important oilseed and economic crop in China. Oleic content and linoleic content of peanut seed add up to 80%. Oleic acid is an important factor that affects physical and chemical stability and nutritional value of peanut oil. Breeding peanut variety with high oleic content is an important breeding objective of peanut quality to promote international competitiveness and meet domestic consumption demand since 2000. Increasing oleic content in peanut significantly improves the nutritional quality. In this paper, we summarize mutants of high oleic peanut, the genetic characteristics of high oleic acid content and analyse pedigree relationship of high oleic acid peanut varieties and developing methods. Our purpose is to improve high oleic breeding of China peanut.
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ZHANG Shuo, ZHI Hui, ZHANG Wei, TANG Chan-juan, LUO Ming-zhao, TANG Sha, JIA Guan-qing, JIA Yan-chao, LIU Gang, HUANG Zhi-mou, CAI Hai-ya, JIAO Chun-hai, DIAO Xian-min
2022,23(4):1076-1084
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220211001
Abstract:
Leaf color is usually determined by the number, structure, and photosynthetic characters of the chloroplast. Isolation of the functional genes in leaf discoloration mutants of the C4 model plant foxtail millet and deciphering their functions is a way to disclose the regulation mechanism of C4 plant chloroplast biogenesis, development and photosynthesis. In this study, a stripe-leaf mutant t122 was identified from the EMS-induced mutant library of the foxtail millet variety Yugu1. The mutant t122 was observed with developmental retardation, and irregular white stripes on leaves. In contrast to the wild type, the significant decrease on the plant height, leaf length, leaf width, main panicle diameter, main panicle weight, and seed setting rate was observed in t122 mutant, whereas an increase on the panicle number per plant was detected. The photosynthetic capacity of t122 was impaired. By the leaf anatomy analysis, no significant difference in the distance between leaf veins, the number of cell layers between vascular bundles, and the cross-sectional cell area of leaves was observed in t122; however, an increased on the leaf cell length was detected. The ultrastructural observation of chloroplasts showed that, in t122 the chloroplasts showing functional structure were only detected in subsets of leaf cells. The segregation analysis suggested that the stripe-leaf trait of t122 was controlled by a single recessive nuclei-encoding gene. Using the method of MutMap, the candidate gene was mapped to the region of 24.0 Mb - 30.0 Mb on chromosome 3. Collectively, these results laid a good foundation for future cloning and functional characterization of the stripe-leaf gene in foxtail millet.
Leaf color is usually determined by the number, structure, and photosynthetic characters of the chloroplast. Isolation of the functional genes in leaf discoloration mutants of the C4 model plant foxtail millet and deciphering their functions is a way to disclose the regulation mechanism of C4 plant chloroplast biogenesis, development and photosynthesis. In this study, a stripe-leaf mutant t122 was identified from the EMS-induced mutant library of the foxtail millet variety Yugu1. The mutant t122 was observed with developmental retardation, and irregular white stripes on leaves. In contrast to the wild type, the significant decrease on the plant height, leaf length, leaf width, main panicle diameter, main panicle weight, and seed setting rate was observed in t122 mutant, whereas an increase on the panicle number per plant was detected. The photosynthetic capacity of t122 was impaired. By the leaf anatomy analysis, no significant difference in the distance between leaf veins, the number of cell layers between vascular bundles, and the cross-sectional cell area of leaves was observed in t122; however, an increased on the leaf cell length was detected. The ultrastructural observation of chloroplasts showed that, in t122 the chloroplasts showing functional structure were only detected in subsets of leaf cells. The segregation analysis suggested that the stripe-leaf trait of t122 was controlled by a single recessive nuclei-encoding gene. Using the method of MutMap, the candidate gene was mapped to the region of 24.0 Mb - 30.0 Mb on chromosome 3. Collectively, these results laid a good foundation for future cloning and functional characterization of the stripe-leaf gene in foxtail millet.
2013,14(1):111-116
,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2013.01.017
Abstract:
Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) widely mediated stress signal transduction, and plays an important role in the control of normal growth of human cells and in the promoting tumor cell development. At present, HSP90 has become forefront projects of cellular immunity, signal transduction and anti-cancer investigation. The physiological function of HSP90 start later in plant than in animal and fungi. Recent researches revealed that plant HSP90 plays an important role in development, environmental stress response and disease resistance. This paper discussed the molecular functions of HSP90, and systematically reviews latest progresses on molecular mechanism of plant HSP90 as well as improvement of plant resistance to facalitate broaden work.
Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) widely mediated stress signal transduction, and plays an important role in the control of normal growth of human cells and in the promoting tumor cell development. At present, HSP90 has become forefront projects of cellular immunity, signal transduction and anti-cancer investigation. The physiological function of HSP90 start later in plant than in animal and fungi. Recent researches revealed that plant HSP90 plays an important role in development, environmental stress response and disease resistance. This paper discussed the molecular functions of HSP90, and systematically reviews latest progresses on molecular mechanism of plant HSP90 as well as improvement of plant resistance to facalitate broaden work.
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