The Journal of Plant Genetic Resources is a bimonthly academic journal co-sponsored by the Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,and China Association of Agricultural Science Societies .Tt is the only journal in China that mainly introduces plant genetic resources. Founded in 2000, officially launched in 2003, quarterly from 2000 to 2009, and bimonthly in 2010.

The contents of the report are field, horticultural crops, ornamental and medicinal plants, basic research on plant genetic resources, research results in applied research, innovative academic papers, and high-level reviews or reviews of forest plants, grass plants and all their economic plants. For example, the investigation, collection, preservation, evaluation, utilization, innovation, Informatics, management, etc. of germplasm resources; Systems of origin, evolution, classification, etc.; Gene excavation, identification, cloning, establishment of gene libraries, and research on genetic diversity.

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    Research Articles
    Evaluation and Study on Fruit Traits of Sweet Cherry Varieties （Lines）
    ZHANG Xinyu, JIU Songtao, XU Yan, LYU Zhengxin, LIU Ruie, WANG Shiping, ZHANG Caixi
    2024,25(11):1803-1814, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240304002
    [Abstract] (35) [HTML] (20) [PDF 4.61 M] (85)
    Abstract:
    To advance the breeding of new sweet cherry varieties and enhance the conservation and utilization of germplasm resources， this study employed correlation analysis， principal component analysis， and cluster analysis to evaluate and investigate 12 external and 4 internal quality indicators of fruits in 35 sweet cherry varieties （lines）. The results revealed that the predominant fruit shape was oblate， with a flat fruit and a concave fruit apex. The Simpson indices for these three descriptive traits were 0.700， 0.561， and 0.573， respectively， indicating a rich diversity. Among the 13 quantitative traits， the coefficient of variation （CV） was lowest for the edible rate （3.35%）， and highest for the abnormal fruit rate （95.00%）. High CVs were also observed for fruit stalk separation force （30.82%）， solid acid ratio （28.05%）， flesh weight （26.65%）， and fresh core weight （26.03%）， reflecting substantial genetic differentiation. Single fruit weight was significantly positively correlated with fruit flesh weight and edible rate； While the solid acid ratio was significantly positively correlated with fruit juice pH and negatively correlated with titratable acid content. Cluster analysis categorized the sweet cherry cultivars into four distinct groups based on fruit quality attributes. Group A exhibited the lowest average titratable acid content and the highest average edible rate； Group B showed the highest average fruit stalk thickness and hardness， with lowest average total soluble solid content and pH value； Group C， which include only one variety， Black Pearl， had the largest single fruit weight and abnormal fruit rate with smallest fruit stalk separation force and group D presented the highest average total soluble solid content and pH value， along with lowest average abnormal fruit rate and edible rate. Collectively， 'Regina'， 'SJ-54'， and 'Royal Lee' with high composite scores， were identified as superior parents with potential application in sweet cherry breeding programs.
    Evaluating the Variation of Berry Shapes in Grape Germplasm Resources
    ZHANG Changyun, WANG Jingyang, FAN Xiucai, ZHANG Ying, JIANG Jianfu, LIU Chonghuai, SUN Lei
    2024,25(11):1815-1829, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240222002
    [Abstract] (30) [HTML] (21) [PDF 2.40 M] (50)
    Abstract:
    In order to evaluate the variations among different grape varieties with distinct berry shapes， 666 grape germplasms were planted in the National Grape Germplasm Repository （Zhengzhou）， and the berry shape associated characters were measured. Comprehensive evaluation and statistical analysis were carried out on the phenotypic variation of berry vertical and transverse diameter， individual berry weight and seed number， and the expression levels of genes that related to berry shape were analyzed as well. The analysis showed that， the berry shapes of cultivated varieties could be categorized into 11 types， namely round，obloid，oval shape，nearly round，long oval，broad lipsoid，obovoid，ovoid，curved shape，chicken heart shape and waist shape. In contrast， the berry shape of wild germplasms was mainly round， only a few were identified with broad lipsoid and chicken heart shaped in the species Vitis davidii. The germplasms of V. vinifera L. showed richer diversity on the berry shapes than the V. vinifera × V. labrusca hybrids. Wine grapes are mainly round and oval， with fewer types of the berry shape than table grapes. Statistical analysis of individual berry weight across different berry shapes revealed that the average individual berry weight of round （3.9 g） and chicken heart grape （3.4 g） was lower， and that of oval shape （6.3 g） and obovoid grape （7.1 g） was higher. The individual berry weight was found positively correlated with the vertical diameter and the transverse diameter of the berry， and the regression equations differed across types of berry shape. The number of seeds in single berry ranged from 0 to 6. Among these， grape varieties are most commonly with 2 seeds， followed by 3 seeds. Varieties with 5 or 6 seeds were rare and were predominantly found in round grapes. Quantitative reverse-transcript PCR （qRT-PCR） analysis was performed on those candidate genes of grape berry shape， the expression level of gene VvFUL1A and VvSUN showed significant differences between types of elongated shape （eg. oval and curved） and round shape （eg. broad lipsoid and nearly round）， which might be important regulators of the grape berry shape. This study provides references for future grape breeding and fruit shape research.
    Diversity Analysis of Fruit Texture Traits in Jujube
    SU Wanlong, ZHAO Ailing, WANG Yongkang, FU Jiatian, REN Haiyan, XUE Xiaofang, SHI Meijuan, LIU Li, LI Yi, LI Dengke
    2024,25(11):1830-1840, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240229002
    [Abstract] (19) [HTML] (8) [PDF 4.97 M] (76)
    Abstract:
    In this paper， seven characteristics of fruit texture in 202 jujube were measured and evaluated by coefficient of variation， index of diversity， correlation analysis and cluster analysis. The variation coefficient and diversity index showed that the variation coefficient of pulp moisture content and pulp density was less than 10%， and the variation coefficient of the other 5 traits were larger， ranging from 15.51% to 33.03%. The diversity index ranged from 1.96 to 2.10， indicating that the tested germplasms were rich in diversity. The correlation analysis showed that there were extremely significant correlation between pericarp puncture strength， mean pulp firmness， pulp compactness and pericarpto pulp brittleness. Two principal components were extracted by principal component analysis， and the cumulative contribution rate was 63.17%. Combined with principal component analysis and stepwise regression analysis， the results showed that mean pulp firmness， pericarp puncture strength， pulp compactness and pericarpto pulp brittleness were the main factors of fruit quality land character variation， and could be used as the guiding key traits for germplasm resource identification. The comprehensive value H of jujube fruit quality was calculated by the variance contribution rate of principal components. According to the H value， 202 jujube germplasm were divided into crisp and juicy type （H value， -2.62--0.41）， dense and juicy type （H value， -0.33--0.77） and dense and low-juice type （H value， 0.86-4.81） by systematic clustering method. The results provided an important basis for the identification， evaluation， development and utilization of the texture characters of jujube.
    Diversity Analysis of Sugar Beet Germplasm Resources
    WANG Liang, FU Zengjuan, ZHANG Ziqiang, ZHAO Shangmin, E Yuanyuan, ZHANG Huizhong, BAI Chen, LI Xiaodong, ZHENG Wenzhe, ZHANG Hui, ZHANG Bizhou, HAN Pinan
    2024,25(11):1841-1856, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240131006
    [Abstract] (18) [HTML] (16) [PDF 1.62 M] (49)
    Abstract:
    To explore the genetic diversity of key agronomic traits of domestic and imported sugar beet germplasm resources， a genetic diversity analysis of 12 agronomic traits in 679 accessions was conducted in this study. The results showed that the nine descriptive agronomic traits exhibited genetic diversity ranging from 0.5876 to 1.4250. The coefficient of variation at the three numerical agronomic traits ranged from 33.96% to 50.33%. The germplasm resources with the most significant range differences in root yield and sucrose content were collected from Inner Mongolia， China. These samples with the highest coefficients of variation in root yield were collected from SES Vander Have， and these samples with the highest coefficients of variation in sucrose content were imported from France. The introduced material from Britain Ryan Company showed the highest coefficient of variation and range in sugar yield. The cluster analysis categorized the 679 materials into four clusters： Group Ⅰ mainly showed oblique standing margin shape of the leaf， Group Ⅱ had higher sucrose content， Group Ⅲ had the highest sugar yield， and Group Ⅵ mainly showed the economic type of low yield and low sugar type. Following the identification and comprehensive evaluation of the germplasm resources， a total of 6 super-high-sugar materials， 2 high-sugar materials， 138 high-yield materials， 39 standard materials were identified. One high-yield and high-sugar material， three standard-biased high-yield materials， three standard-biased high-sugar materials， and 223 low-yield and low-sugar materials were identified.
    Genetic Diversity Analysis of 213 Gossypium barbadense L. Germplasm Resources
    LI Jiangbo, YE Sheng, CHANG Guobin, GAO Man, WANG Xia, PARIDA Ahat, QU Yanying, CHEN Quanjia, ZHEN Kai
    2024,25(11):1857-1869, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240223008
    [Abstract] (22) [HTML] (20) [PDF 4.54 M] (85)
    Abstract:
    Using 213 samples of Gossypium barbadense L. as material， four floral traits in three environmental locations （Korla in 2022， Awati County in 2022， and Awati County in 2023） and 41 characters （26 quantitative traits and 15 quality traits） in different growth stages of Gossypium barbadense L. in 2023 environmental locations were determined. Genetic diversity analysis， principal component analysis， correlation analysis， cluster analysis， multiple regression analysis and comprehensive value evaluation were used to evaluate the germplasm resources of 213 Gossypium barbadense L.. These four floral traits were highly susceptible to environment influences， with the anther being particularly sensitive to high-temperature stress. The genetic diversity index of the 41 traits ranged from 0.030 to 2.139， and the variation coefficient of 26 quantitative traits ranged from 2.70% to 30.83%， indicating that the relatively rich genetic diversity. Nine principal components were extracted from the 26 quantitative traits， with a cumulative contribution rate of 74.969%， which were divided into yield component factors， plant growth factors， and plant pollination factors based on their attributes. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the correlation between the quantitative traits used in the test， if compared to pollen viability and the rate of boll shedding was not significant. Using 26 quantitative traits for cluster analysis， 213 resources can be divided into 5 categories：16 high-yield genotypes with excellent overall characteristics， 122 genotypes with excellent floral traits characterized by large flower leaves， 44 materials with commendable fiber quality， 29 genotypes with prominent vegetative organs， and two genotypes with higher pollen activity. Based on the clustering of two high temperature tolerance traits （pollen viability and boll shedding rate）， they were divided into three groups： 102 genotypes with high pollen viability and low boll shedding rate， 63 genotypes with medium pollen viability and 48 genotypes with low pollen viability and high boll shedding rate. There were seven genotypes in the intersection of the two optimal clustering groups. These results provided a theoretical basis for future exploration and germplasm innovation of Gossypium barbadense L..
    Comparative Analysis on Brewing Quality of Domestic and Foreign Malting Barley Varieties
    BAO Yinrong, GONG Xue, DOU Tingyu, LI Shanshan, ZHAO Mengwei, GUO Aikui, TONG Enjie, MENG Yaxiong, MA Yanling
    2024,25(11):1870-1881, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240202004
    [Abstract] (17) [HTML] (9) [PDF 3.05 M] (48)
    Abstract:
    Variations in environmental conditions across different barley-producing regions and the selection targets for barley breeding have led to divergence of the brewing quality in different varieties. In this study， we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the brewing quality， including grain and malt quality traits， for 44 barley varieties that were bred from North America， Europe， and Australia， along with commonly grown barley varieties in China. This research has found that， the major varieties in various domestic regions have their malt quality comparable to foreign varieties differentially. For instance， the variety Longpimai 14 and Longpimai 18 from Northeast China are comparable to the imported European malting varieties. The Supi series from South region and the Ganpi series from Northwest China are comparable to the imported Australian malting varieties. The variety Zhongpimai 1 and Mengpi 3 from North China are comparable to the imported North American varieties. Compared with Chinese malting barley， the foreign varieties are mainly with lower content of β-glucan and higher of the extract. Moreover， the imported malting barley that grown in China showed their quality characters different from those grown in the original areas， as the malt diastatic power， kolbach index and β-glucan content can be affected significantly by the environment. However， most varieties from North American showed better adaptability to the growing conditions in China， without significant change on the malt quality characters in comparing with those grown at their original regions. The malt quality characters， including diastatic power and extract yield， are significantly correlated with the contents of protein， starch， and amylopectin in the grain. Given the measurement of grain quality characters are easier to handle， the grain protein， starch， and amylopectin contents can serve as initial targets for malting barley breeding. This study provided reference of malting barley varieties and guidance for the future selections of malting barley breeding in different domestic regions. It has significant meaning in improving the breeding efficiency and production of domestic malting barley.
    Research on Salt Tolerance Identification Technique and Salt Tolerance Inbred Lines Screening of Maize Seedling
    LI Ran, HAN Jienan, SHANGGUAN Xiaochuan, ZHOU Tingfang, ZHANG Ze, PAN Yue, LIU Qianqian, YANG Bo, HAO Zhuanfang, WENG Jianfeng, ZHANG Degui, YONG Hongjun, ZHOU Zhiqiang, LI Xinhai, LI Mingshun
    2024,25(11):1882-1894, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240227006
    [Abstract] (26) [HTML] (23) [PDF 3.15 M] (59)
    Abstract:
    Soil salinization and alkalization reduce the usability of arable land and impair crop production. Identifying and selecting maize germplasm showing salt-tolerant is of significant importance in the reclamation and utilization of saline-alkali land. To determine the optimal NaCl concentration for screening salt tolerance in maize seedlings， 16 representative inbred lines were treated with 0 （control）， 100， 150， 200， 250， and 300 mmol/L NaCl solutions for seven days. Six indicators， including shoot height， root length， shoot fresh weight， root fresh weight， shoot dry weight and root dry weight， were measured， along with recording the seedling conditions. The results showed that after seven days of salt treatment， significant differences were observed in all indices under 150 mmol/L compared with the control， and the coefficient of variation was greater than at other salt concentrations. Therefore， 150 mmol/L was identified as the optimal concentration for salt tolerance identification in maize inbred lines， and a salt tolerance identification technology was developed. Using this technology， 76 maize inbred lines were analyzed， and a comprehensive salt tolerance evaluation index （D） was calculated using the weighted subordinate function method and cluster analysis. The 76 lines were categorized into four groups： high salt tolerance， salt tolerance， salt sensitivity， and high salt susceptibility. Among them， the inbred lines Ming71， Zhong106， Si-287， and 8112 showed the strongest salt tolerance， serving as valuable resources for salt tolerance maize breeding. The salt tolerance coefficient of the fresh weight of the above-ground tissues showed the highest correction with the D value and could be used as the primary indicator for evaluating salt tolerance in maize inbred lines during the seedling stage.
    Construction of SSR Fingerprint and SRK Haplotype Distribution of Different Genetic Groups in Ornamental Kale （Brassica oleracea var. acephala）
    FENG Yiliao, CHEN Wendi, ZHANG Bin, REN Wenjing, HAN Fengqing, CHEN Li, FANG Zhiyuan, YANG Limei, ZHUANG Mu, LYU Honghao, WANG Yong, JI Jialei, ZHANG Yangyong
    2024,25(11):1895-1906, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240226002
    [Abstract] (13) [HTML] (8) [PDF 2.55 M] (41)
    Abstract:
    Self-incompatibility in Cruciferous crop such as ornamental kale （Brassica oleracea var. acephala）， is a critical reproductive barrier governed primarily by the multiple alleles at the S loci. Ornamental kale is a typical self-incompatibility member of this family. In this study， we constructed the fingerprint map of 20 inbred lines of ornamental kale using 20 pairs of SSR primers， identified a total of 65 allelic variations， averaging 3.25 variations per primer pair. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean （UPGMA） clustered these into three district genetic groups： OK1， OK2， and OK3. Group OK1 is characterized by wrinkled， wavy leaves， with red and purple as the dominant colors. In contrast， group OK2 features smooth leaves that are either wavy or lobed， with white outer leaves. Group OK3 also presents smooth leaves， which may be wavy or lobed， with red and purple as the primary colors. Through the analysis of specific primers in the kinase region of SRK gene， nine SRK haplotypes were identified in these inbred lines including eight class I SRK haplotypes （SRK7， SRK13， SRK14， SRK16， SRK23， SRK36， SRK45， and SRK51） and one class II SRK haplotype （SRK15）. The SRK15 haplotype was predominant in the group OK1 （50%）， followed by the SRK23 haplotype （20%）. In group OK2， the SRK15 and SRK16 haplotype were both major （at 40% each）. In group OK3， the SRK23 was predominant （40%）. Further analysis of self-incompatible indices confirmed compatibility among inbred lines from the same or different genetic groups， emphasizing the importance of considering both genetic groups and SRK haplotypes in hybrid development.
    Genome Wide Association Study of Rust Resistance in Cowpea
    WU Jian, WANG Baogen, CHEN Xiaoyang, WU Xiaohua, LI Xiao, HAN Lei, WANG Ying, WANG Jian, LU Zhongfu, YANG Yi, ZHANG Yan, LI Guojing, WU Xinyi
    2024,25(11):1907-1922, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240217002
    [Abstract] (23) [HTML] (10) [PDF 2.76 M] (44)
    Abstract:
    Cowpea is one of the most important legume crops worldwide， serving not only as an important coarse cereal but also as a traditional vegetable in China. Rust is one of the three major diseases in cowpea， and developing rust resistance cultivars is the most cost-effective strategy in disease control. Exploring the resistant germplasm and elucidating the genetic basis of rust resistance is the key and prerequisite for cowpea rust resistance breeding. In the current study， 215 cowpea landraces were examined for rust resistance and 40 accessions showing resistance to rust were identified. Through resequencing the 215 accessions， 3880169 high-quality SNPs and 469398 high-quality InDels were found. These accessions were divided into four subgroups through population structural analysis， and the subgroup division was highly related to pod length and pod type. Total of 10 genomic regions， which significantly associated with rust resistance and distributed on seven chromosomes， were detected by GWAS. Haplotype analysis based on the associated SNPs showed that their alleles were highly correlated to rust resistance. The ratio of resistance accessions increased significantly， when pyramiding increasing number of favored alleles. Ten candidate genes were identified， including BTB/POZ domain-containing protein， LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase， ethylene-responsive transcription factor and alternative oxidase genes. These results will provide the theoretical guidance and gene resources for molecular breeding of rust resistance in cowpea.
    The Genetic Analysis of Kernel-Related Traits and Fine Mapping of a Major QTL qKW2.04 in Maize
    MU Zhisheng, TANG Bin, CHEN Lin, ZHANG Dengfeng, LI Chunhui, WANG Tianyu, LI Yu, SHI Yunsu, LI Yongxiang
    2024,25(11):1923-1933, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240223002
    [Abstract] (20) [HTML] (15) [PDF 1.77 M] (47)
    Abstract:
    Kernel-related traits， including kernel length， kernel width， and hundred kernel weight， are pivotal factors in determining maize yield. In this study， a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population derived from the maize inbred lines B73 and CML277 was utilized as the experimental material. Based on the high-precision genetic maps constructed through genotyping-by-sequencing （GBS） technology， nine kernel-related quantitative trait loci （QTL） were identified. The major locus qKW2.04 was precisely located on chromosome 2 using the inclusive composite interval mapping （ICIM） method， explaining 20.34% and 15.84% of the phenotypic variation on grain width and 100-grain weight， respectively. In addition， an F2 segregating population was developed using the recurrent parent B73 and its introgression line （NIL-1041A） to further delimit qKW2.04. This locus was found with contribution due to two tightly linked kernel width major QTL， designated as qKW2.04-1 and qKW2.04-2， which were located in the marker intervals InDel23.32~umc1555 and InDel47.09~InDel57.06， explaining 22.45% and 12.22% of the phenotypic variation， respectively. The favorable allelic variations for both QTLs were contributed by CML277. Through the selection of recombinant individuals within the target region， qKW2.04-1 was finely positioned between molecular markers InDel26.76~InDel27.86 within a 1.1 Mb interval. This study provides new clues for elucidating the genetic basis of kernel-related traits and gene resources for high-yield molecular breeding in maize.
    Histomorphological Analysis and Gene Mapping of the Rolled Leaf Mutant rl76 in Rice
    HE Huqiang, DENG Qiuyu, LUO Lihua, WANG Dan, LIU Jinling, XIAO Yinghui
    2024,25(11):1934-1944, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240220001
    [Abstract] (18) [HTML] (7) [PDF 5.39 M] (44)
    Abstract:
    Leaves are the main organs for photosynthesis in rice （Oryza sativa L.）， and leaf morphology affects the photosynthetic efficiency of rice plants. Identification of genes that control leaf curling and revealing their genetic mechanisms， could provide genetic resources for optimizing the architecture of rice varieties with moderately curled leaves. In this study， the spontaneous rolled leaf mutant rl76 was measured on their agronomic traits， content of leaf cellulose and chlorophyll， histomorphological observation was carried out as well. In addition， the rice GSR40K chip was applied to map the mutant gene rl76. At the seedling stage， there was no significant difference between the mutant rl76 and the wild type on their leaf rolling severity， both of which showed slightly rolled leaves； through the tillering to the maturity stages， the leaves of rl76 severely rolled into shallot-like shape and erect， while the leaves of wild type were flat and slightly drooping. Comparing with wild type， the leaf rolling index of rl76 increased significantly， while the plant height and effective tiller number decreased significantly， there was no significant difference on leaf width， flag leaf length and panicle length. The chlorophyll content in leaves of rl76 was significantly higher than that of the wild type， the carotenoid content did not significantly vary； nevertheless， the content of cellulose and lignin were lower in rl76 than those in the wild type. The leaf histomophology was observed by paraffin sectioning， in the leaves of rl76 mutant， the two air cavities disappeared， the development of the sclerenchymatous cells on the abaxial surface was defective， and the area and number of the bulliform cells decreased. Genetic analysis showed that the rolled leaf was determined by a single gene inheritance pattern with incomplete dominant. By use of the rice GSR40K chip， the mutant gene rl76 was preliminarily mapped within the region of 12.179-16.436 Mb on chromosome 9. With 949 plants showing severely rolled leaf in an F2 population， the gene rl76 was further fine mapped within the chromosomal segment delimiting by the SSR markers T5904-7 and T5904-9， corresponding to a physical distance of 30.26 Kb. It contains three annotation genes within this chromosomal segment， among which the gene LOC_Os09g23200 encoding SHALLOT-LIKE 1 （SLL1） has been reported， it determines leaf curling by regulating the development of leaf distal surface cells. Therefore it is speculated that the rolled leaf in the mutant rl76 may be regulated by the gene SLL1. In summary， the rolling leaf in the rl76 mutant was resulted from abnormal development of the bulliform cells and abaxial sclerenchymatous cells that were regulated by a single incompletely dominant gene on chromosome 9.
    Cloning of Soybean GmCWIN3 Gene and Identification of Plant Architecture in Transgenic Arabidopsis
    MOU Kexin, ZHOU Fangxue, FENG Wenmi, YU Zhe, ZHOU Lijuan, ZENG Yuxin, JING Yan, LI Haiyan
    2024,25(11):1945-1954, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240308005
    [Abstract] (17) [HTML] (8) [PDF 1.60 M] (76)
    Abstract:
    Cell wall invertase （CWIN） is an enzyme that catalyzes sucrose hydrolysis to glucose and fructose， and plays an important role in plant growth and development. To explore the function of GmCWINs in plant architecture， particular in plant height and branch number， GmCWIN3， a member of GmCWINs family was cloned in our study. The sequence analysis results showed that the total CDS length of GmCWIN3 gene was 1728 bp and it encoded 575 amino acids.The secondary structure of GmCWIN3 protein exhibited that the irregular coil structure accounted for the largest proportion （48.17%）， and the tertiary structure of the protein revealed that GmCWIN3 encoded a cell wall invertase. Except for several photo-responsive cis-acting elements， some elements associated with the process of growth and development were also found in the promoter region of GmCWIN3， such as auxin responsive element， gibberellin responsive element and circadian rhythm element， etc. Further， through the assay of exogenous spraying different hormones， it was found that GmCWIN3 gene could rapidly respond to the induction of auxin and gibberellin in the initial reaction period. The GmCWIN3 gene overexpression vector was constructed and the transgenic GmCWIN3 Arabidopsis plants were obtained. The cell wall invertase activity and sucrose content of the transgenic Arabidopsis and wild type plants were measured. The results showed that the cell wall invertase activity of transgenic plants was significantly higher than that in the wild type plants， and the sucrose content was significantly decreased. Additionally， the phenotype identification exhibited that the plant height and branch number of the transgenic plants were significantly increased compared with the wild type plants. In summary， this study speculated that GmCWIN3 gene may be involved in the development of regulating soybean plant height and branch number mediated by hormones signaling process through the regulation of sucrose hydrolysis. Our study laid a foundation for further exploring the molecular mechanism of GmCWIN3 in regulating soybean plant architecture related traits.
    Cloning and Preliminary Functional Analysis of Salt Tolerance Gene FtGST2 in Tartary Buckwheat
    XIAO Yawen, WANG Xiangru, HUANG Xu, SHI Yaliang, ZHANG Kaixuan, HE Yuqi, HAN Yuanhuai, ZHOU Meiliang
    2024,25(11):1955-1966, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240219003
    [Abstract] (23) [HTML] (10) [PDF 4.75 M] (71)
    Abstract:
    In the previous study， a salt tolerance related gene FtGST2 （FtPinG0707941400.01） in tartary buckwheat was identified through the whole genome association analysis. The homologous alignment and conserved sequence analysis revealed that the gene belongs to the tetrachlorohydroquinone dehalogenase subfamily of glutathione-S-transferases. We cloned the FtGST2 gene from the cultivar ‘Zhongku-3’， and identified 34 responsive elements including 2 abscisic acid responsive elements and 6 methyl jasmonate responsive elements， in the 2000 bp upstream promoter sequence. Abscisic acid and jasmonic acid are important stimuli for regulating salt stress pathways in plants. Through analyzing the expression levels of FtGST2 in different organs of tartary buckwheat and the differences in expression levels under different concentrations of NaCl treatment， the highest transcripts of FtGST2 were detected in roots， and also under 100 mmol/L NaCl treatment. In addition， we over-expressed FtGST2 in Arabidopsis thaliana and hairy roots， and detected the seed germination rate， main root length， fresh weight， and physiological indicators. The germination rate and root length of Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing FtGST2 under salt treatment were higher than those of wild-type. The fresh weight of hairy roots overexpressing FtGST2 under salt treatment was significantly higher than that of the control group A4 hairy roots. After testing the four physiological indicators of SOD， POD， CAT， and MDA in hairy roots， it was found that overexpression of FtGST2 gene can effectively improve the salt tolerance of tartary buckwheat hairy root overexpression strains. Collectively， these experiments provided preliminary evidence on the salt resistance function of the FtGST2 gene， laying a certain foundation for the breeding of salt tolerant tartary buckwheat varieties in the future.
    Identification of the Sunflower ARF Gene Family and Prediction Analysis of its Function in Flower Development
    DENG Yuping, WANG Qian, ZHANG Minhui, WANG Qian, CHEN Jing, YANG Jun, ZOU Jian
    2024,25(11):1967-1979, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240223009
    [Abstract] (16) [HTML] (12) [PDF 9.25 M] (52)
    Abstract:
    Auxin response factors （ARFs） are a family of transcription factors that play an important role in flower development through responding to auxin signaling. However， their importance in flower development remains elucidated in sunflower. In this study， 39 ARF family members were identified in sunflower through transcriptome data analysis， and they were categorized into five subfamilies. These members shared similar gene structures， conserved domains and functional motifs. The tissue specific expression pattern analysis showed that 20 ARFs are likely involved in flower development regulation. Through analyzing the transcriptional profiles at various stages during flower development between WT， and the cb1 （crazy broccoli 1） mutant， which exhibits defects in meristem determinacy and floral organ differentiation， five ARF genes （gene33195， gene34899， gene58924， gene2145 and gene16681） showed significant expression changes during flower development. These genes were found to be highly expressed from St2 to St4 in WT but barely expressed in later stages. Their expression was up-regulated in cb1 mutant， corresponding to the peak level at early stages of flower development in WT. Another ARF gene， gene70445 presented higher expressing levels during whole flower development in cb1 mutants than WT plants. We also found that the promoter regions of these six ARF genes contained cis-acting elements recognized by AP2/ERF， MIKC_MADS and LFY， suggesting that they might be regulated by AP2/ERF， MIKC_MADS and LFY family genes during meristem transformation and floral organogenesis. The obtained results could provide important clue for further exploring the biological function and molecular regulatory mechanisms of ARF genes in flower development of sunflower， becoming valuable in future sunflower varieties breeding.
    The Genus Rubus Resources in Southwest China
    HE Jianping, HUANG Xinge, WANG Yuping, YU Ying, HE Wenjia, HE Jiawei
    2024,25(11):1980-1995, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240227004
    [Abstract] (14) [HTML] (7) [PDF 1.52 M] (47)
    Abstract:
    The genus Rubus have significant economic value， with southwest China considered as a key distribution center for these species. However， the status of wild Rubus resources in this region remains largely unexplored. In this study， the Rubus resources in southwest China were investigated by field studies， specimen examination and literature review. Additionally， the study preliminarily addressed the collection， preservation and medicinal potential of Rubus resources in southwest China. The results showed that there were 142 Rubus species and 69 varieties in southwest China， representing 68.27% of the total Rubus species found in China， among which 47 species were endemic and 40 varieties. The region boasts 8 herbaceous species and 2 varieties， as well as 134 shrub species and 67 varieties. The fruits predominantly exhibit colors as yellow， red， or black. They are composed of small drupes that accumulate on the flower bed， creating a clustered fruit structure. These fruits are typically either pulpy or dry， and are mostly nearly spherical or spherical in shape， with a diameter of approximately 1 cm.There were 22 species and one variety with medicinal value， while five species are suitable for use as breeding materials or for introduction and domestication in the high altitude area of northwest Yunnan. These Rubus resources are found across a wide range of altitudes， from 100 to 4300 m.This study systematically presented the distribution， life type， habitat type， botanical characteristics and genetic diversity of Rubus species in southwest China， which provided foundational data for the future development and genetic breeding of Rubus resources.
    GERMPLASM INNOVATION
    Breeding and Experimental Demonstration of Cadmium Low Accumulation High Quality Conventional Rice Shaoxiang 100
    LI Jin, SHAO Ye, YIN Hexing, YU Lixia, HUANG Guolong, PENG Yan, SHAO Deyi, ZHOU Libin, MAO Bigang, ZHAO Bingran
    2024,25(11):1996-2004, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240228003
    [Abstract] (16) [HTML] (9) [PDF 1.16 M] (92)
    Abstract:
    The rice variety Shaoxiang100 with low cadmium accumulation was developed through heavy-ion mutagenesis of the aromatic high-quality rice material 44-5， through applying the M1TDS technology and the mutation of the OsNRAMP5 gene. The variety Shaoxiang100 underwent multi-location testing in Hunan province from 2021 to 2023， and has also been part of national independent trials for varieties with low cadmium （Cd） accumulation. The mutation of the OsNRAMP5 gene reduces Cd accumulation， and also manganese （Mn）， which is essential for plant growth. This study investigated the Cd accumulation characteristics， yield， quality， and low-temperature tolerance of Shaoxiang100 and its original strain 44-5. These multi-location experiments revealed that Shaoxiang 100 exhibited stable， low levels of Cd in rice grains， with a reduced accumulation of Mn in plants. However， no significant difference was observed in yield when compared to the original variety， 44-5. For main agronomic traits， except for plant height， no significant difference was detected. Both Shaoxiang 100 and the original line 44-5 exhibited a significant decrease in fruiting rate when delay sowing applied. However， late sowing didn’t affect yield or other main agronomic traits， except for plant height.Additionally， the relative cold tolerance coefficient and variety cold tolerance index were 0.75 and 0.75， respectively， indicating a decrease of 47.2% and 49.2%. The low-temperature tolerance at the spikelet stage was classified as level 4， indicating sensitivity to cold. Compared to the original strain 44-5， Shaoxiang 100 did not show a decrease in Mn accumulation or low-temperature tolerance. Both strains were found to have general cold tolerance. Collectively， it is recommended that Shaoxiang 100 as double-crop late rice， can be planted in Hunan and Jiangxi to prevent yield loss from low-temperature stress during the late growth period.
    技术规程
    Standard Technical Regulations for Evaluating Drought Resistance of Rice Germplasm in the Field at Seedling Stage
    LIU Wei, ZHANG Yage, WEI Zhaoran, ZHOU Tianbo, ZHANG Hongliang, SUN Xingming, WANG Xiaoning, LI Zichao
    2024,25(11):2005-2008, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240816006
    [Abstract] (19) [HTML] (82) [PDF 489.20 K] (87)
    Abstract:
    Drought resistance in the field is a complex quantitative trait. Accurate phenotypic identification is critical to discover the genes and explore genetic basis for quantitative trait. However， the accurate identification of drought resistance for rice germplasm in the field has consistently been a bottleneck for researcher and a core technical for drought resistance breeders. On the basis of systematic drought resistance research in the previous work， we also have spent many years exploring and optimizing the conditions for assessing drought resistance in the field. The standard technical regulations for evaluating drought resistance in the field were summarized and normalized. It included general requirements， land preparation before sowing， seed preparation， sowing， fertilization， water management， prevention of diseases， pests and weeds， and evaluation of drought resistance in the field at seedling stage. The regulations provided technical reference for identification of drought resistance in the field at seedling stage in rice or other crops. It was suitable for the resistance evaluation of rice to drought during the winter in Sanya of Hainan province （from mid-November to early April of the next year）.
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    Germplasm Resources Investigation and Phenotypic Diversity Evaluation of Erythropalum scandens in Guangxi
    HUANG Shi-yu, ZHANG Xiang-jun, YANG Tian-wei, TIAN Shan-shan, ZHANG Shang-wen
    Available online:  November 20, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240801002
    [Abstract] (0) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.27 M] (0)
    Abstract:
    The phenotypic diversity analysis and comprehensive evaluation of 142 germplasms of Erythropalum scandens were carried out by means of coefficient of variation, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis, which laid a foundation for the breeding of E. scandens in Guangxi. The survey found that Chongzuo City and Baise City had more wild germplasm resources, followed by Nanning City, and a small number of wild germplasm resources of E. scandens were found in Hechi City, Wuzhou City, Yulin City, Fangchenggang City, Liuzhou City, Beiliu City, Pingguo City and Pingxiang City. The wild germplasm mainly distributed in limestone hills, slopes, mountains, sparse forests, dense forests, with an altitude of 140-1001 m. The statistical results showed that the coefficient of variation of 11 phenotypic traits was between 2.76% and 18.75% of 142 germplasms, indicating that the genetic difference of germplasm resources in Guangxi was large. Correlation analysis showed that leaf length was significantly correlated with leaf width, length of the second branch internode, main stem diameter, fruit longitudinal diameter and leaf thickness. Leaf width was significantly correlated with leaf thickness and fruit longitudinal diameter. Petiole length was significantly correlated with the second branch diameter, the second branch internode length and main stem diameter. Altitude was significantly positively correlated with leaf thickness, but significantly negatively correlated with leaf length, leaf width and second-order branch internode length. The results of cluster analysis showed that 142 germplasm materials could be divided into 4 categories when the Euclidean distance was 4.5, The first, second, third and fourth categories contained 49, 54, 27 and 12 germplasms, respectively. Principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the five principal components was 68.25%. Principal component 1 and principal component 2 mainly reflected leaf and branch related indicators, while principal component 3, principal component 4 and principal component 5 mainly reflected fruit related indicators. The comprehensive evaluation results showed that the top ten germplasms were all from Chongzuo City, including 5 cultivated germplasms and 5 wild germplasms, which could provide excellent parents for the breeding and improvement of new varieties of E. scandens.
    Creation of Early Maturity Mutants by Editing of Gmphya2 Via CRISPR/Cas9 Technology
    ZHANG Xiang, HAN Jia-nan, YU Li-li, ZHOU Ya, WANG Xiao-bo, QIU Li-juan
    Available online:  November 15, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr. 20240604001
    [Abstract] (0) [HTML] (0) [PDF 0.00 Byte] (3)
    Abstract:
    The photoperiod sensitivity of soybean limits the popularization of excellent soybean varieties for planting. In this study, we created new soybean varieties with early maturity and stable yield by reducing the sensitivity of soybean to photoperiod and expanding the planting range of good varieties. Three soybean GmphyA2 pure mutants were obtained using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The created gmphya2 mutants encodes a truncated protein without PHY structural domain due to a base deletion resulting in a code-shift mutation. Comparisons were made to characterize the fertility, plant size, and yield of the gmphya2 mutant and the WT. The results showed that because of significantly increased expression of GmFT2a and GmFT5a during the pre-flowering period, the gmphya2 mutant flowered 5-6 days earlier and matured 6-11 days earlier relative to the WT. Although the fertility period was shortened, the single grain weight was not significantly different from that of the WT due to a significant increase in both the effective number of branches and the number of grains per plant in the gmphya2 mutant. These results indicate that the editing of GmphyA2 usingCRISPR/Cas9 technology has created a new soybean germplasm with unchanged yield per plant with shortened fertility period, which provides a new genetic resource for breeding for early maturity and high yield.
    Evaluation of Waterlogged Seedling Characteristics and Screening of Excellent Rice Germplasm Resources
    ZHANG Shuo, HE Yong-gang, LI Bo, YANG Xiao-long, ZHA Zhong-ping, GUO Ying, JIAO Chun-hai, XU Yan-hao, CAI Hai-ya.
    Available online:  November 14, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240520001
    [Abstract] (0) [HTML] (0) [PDF 933.30 K] (19)
    Abstract:
    Rice waterlogging direct seeding can not only avoid the labor cost of raising seedlings, transplanting seedlings, and drainage, but also effectively prevent the weeds, birds and rats, therefore, has broad application prospects. However, because of the low seedling rate under waterlogged conditions, most of the rice cultivars are not suitable for waterlogging direct seeding. Lack of variety seriously limited the development and popularization of waterlogging direct seeding technology. The identification and screening of rice germplasm resources with good waterlogged seedling characteristics is an important foundation for breeding new varieties of waterlogging direct seeding rice. This study utilized domestic and foreign rice germplasm materials preserved in the Mid-term Crop Germplasm Resource Bank of Hubei Province, measured the indicators of waterlogged seedling rate, germinative force, low-oxygen germination rate, low-oxygen relative germination rate, coleoptile length, low-oxygen coleoptile length, and low-oxygen relative coleoptile length, and identified and screened out 17 rice germplasm with waterlogged seedling rates of over 50%. Correlation analysis showed that there were significant positive correlations between waterlogged seedling rate and indicators including germinative force, low-oxygen germination rate, coleoptile length, low-oxygen coleoptile length, and low-oxygen relative coleoptile length, among which the correlation index between waterlogged seedling rate and low-oxygen coleoptile length was the highest. Thus, the ow-oxygen coleoptile length could be used as an important index to identify and evaluate the waterlogged seedlings characteristics. By detecting the OsGF14h haplotype attribute of 254 rice germplasm resources, corresponding clues for study on regulation genes of waterlogged seedling characteristics were provided. This study has certain reference value for improving the screening and identification efficiency of waterlogging tolerant rice germplasm resources, exploring the regulatory genes of waterlogged seedling characteristics, and cultivating new varieties of waterlogging direct seeding rice.
    Construction of a Knowledge Graph for Selection and Breeding Research of New Potato Varieties in China Based on GraphRAG
    Wei Yijin, 任有强, 赵慧, 樊景超, 方沩, 闫燊
    Available online:  November 14, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240919001
    [Abstract] (0) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.92 M] (14)
    Abstract:
    Potato is the world"s fourth largest staple crop with high yield potential. To meet the future challenges of food security, selection of early-maturing and high-yielding potato varieties with stable disease resistance is needed. In this study, in order to assist the research of new potato variety selection and breeding, and to clarify the current status of new potato varieties in China, 227 potato selection and breeding literatures in the China Knowledge Network (CNKI) database were used as research objects, and a knowledge map was constructed by using GraphRAG and Qwen2-70B-instruct and visualized by using Gephi. Based on the constructed knowledge graph, the genealogy, resistance and fertility period of new potato varieties selected and bred in China in recent years were analyzed, and the analysis results indicated that more parents used in the selection and breeding of new potato varieties in recent years were Jizhangyan No. 8, Svante, Longyan No. 7, Feiuretta, and Early Large White, etc. Most of the new potato varieties were resistant to late blight, and most of them were of medium-late to late-maturity and late-ripening fertility. In summary, this study explored the realization path of using a large language model to rapidly construct a knowledge graph for potato new variety selection and breeding research, and analyzed 227 potatoes to provide a reference for the future discovery and utilization of potato germplasm resources.
    Cloning of the FtAPDSLX1 Gene in Tartary Buckwheat and Analysis of Its Anti-Phytophthora Function
    Yang Zhimin
    Available online:  November 11, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240410001
    [Abstract] (4) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.48 M] (29)
    Abstract:
    Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) is an annual herbaceous plant of Fagopyrum in Polygonaceae, which is a high-quality crop that is homologous of medicine and food. The occurrence of Fagopyrum damping-off has seriously affected the promotion and development of Tartary buckwheat planting.This study conducted transcriptome analysis on Fagopyrum tataricum treated with jasmonic acid or salicylic acid, revealing that the expression pattern of the aspartic protease gene FtAPDSLX1 is induced by jasmonic acid or salicylic acid. Further analysis of FtAPDSLX1 expression levels in Fagopyrum tataricum with different resistance degrees revealed a significantly higher expression level of FtAPDSLX1 in Fagopyrum tataricum resistant to Rhizoctonia solanicompared than in susceptible materials. Using the representative variety of Fagopyrum tataricum, Chuanqiao No. 1, the FtAPDSLX1 gene was cloned. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the coding sequence of the FtAPDSLX1 gene contains 1143 base pairs, encoding the protein consisting of 380 amino acids，while its promoter harbors multiple cis-elements associated with disease resistance. Examination of FtAPDSLX1 expression patterns unveiled its upregulation in Tartary buckwheat seedlings upon Rhizoctonia solaniand invasion, exhibiting pronounced tissue specificity. Phenotypic analysis of disease resistance in transgenic Arabidopsis lines harboring the FtAPDSLX1 gene underscored its role in enhancing resistance against Rhizoctonia solaniand .Furthermore, under pathogen stress, FtAPDSLX1 expression substantially increased in transgenic Arabidopsis, concomitant with heightened enzymatic activities of SOD and POD. These findings suggest that FtAPDSLX1 may participate in the defense mechanism against Rhizoctonia solaniin Fagopyrum tataricum. The functional validation and related research of FtAPDSLX1 provide a foundation for unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying Fagopyrum tataricum"s resistance to Rhizoctonia solaniand for screening disease-resistant germplasm resources.
    Research Progress on SSR Molecular Markers in Rhododendron Species
    Yao yao, ZHANG Hao, WANG Xiuyun, XIA Yiping, ZHOU Hong
    Available online:  November 11, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240621002
    [Abstract] (3) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.05 M] (25)
    Abstract:
    Rhododendron is one of the top ten Chinese flowers, with high ornamental values, and is deeply loved by people. The genus Rhododendron includes many species, with frequent natural hybridization between species and a high degree of horticultural development in some species. However, the inconsistency in cultivar naming has somewhat hindered the exchange of varieties between countries and regions. SSR markers have advantages in germplasm identification, genetic diversity analysis, and molecular marker-assisted breeding. Here, we reviewed the progress on SSR markers in the genus Rhododendron over the past 20 years, including the development methods of SSR markers in the genus, the number of markers（about 520 pairs for 5 subgenera）, the detection of primer versatility, and their application in species conservation, authenticity identification of hybrids, and trait-marker association analysis. Finally, we discussed the prospects for future applications of SSR markers on Rhododendrons, hoping this would be helpful in the conservation and genetic breeding of Rhododendron plants.
    OsELF3-1 interacts with OsARID3 to regulate root traits in rice
    陈昊
    Available online:  November 08, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240628001
    [Abstract] (28) [HTML] (0) [PDF 925.33 K] (961)
    Abstract:
    The root system is an important part of rice plant and plays an important role in plant fixation, water and nutrient acquisition. In this study, it was found that the root system of oself3-1 mutant became significantly shorter, the mutant was crossed with wild type to construct F2 isolated population, and genetic analysis showed that the mutant trait was regulated by recessive single gene. By mapping cloning, OsELF3-1 was located in a 50.9 kb interval of chromosome 6, in which there were four open reading frames (ORFs), sequence comparison revealed that the mutant had 7 bases missing on the second exon of ORF4 (OsELF3-1), causes the gene to frameshift and terminate prematurely, and OsELF3-1 was presumed to be the target gene. The root system of CRISPR/Cas9 mutant with OsELF3-1 was significantly shorter than that of wild type, which verified that OsELF3-1 was involved in regulating root length. In order to further clarify the regulatory network of OsELF3-1, the interacting protein OsARID3 of OsELF3-1 was screened by yeast two-hybridization, OsARID3 has an ARID functional domain, an α-crystallin/Hsp_domain, a SHSP domain, and a potassium dependent sodium/calcium ion exchange domain. Investigation of OsARID3-RNAi mutants showed that their roots were significantly shorter than those of the wild type, OsARID3 may be involved in the regulation of root length. Natural variation of OsARID3 was analyzed by 3 K sequencing data and 15 haplotypes were found, and there was obvious differentiation between indica and japonica, japonica rice mainly belonged to haplotypes I, IV and VI. In summary, this study found that OsELF3-1 and OsARID3 interact to regulate rice roots, providing theoretical basis and germplasm resources for further analysis of rice root growth and development regulation network.
    Investigation, Collection, and Bruchid Resistance Identification of Wild Adzuki Bean and Sibling Species in Liaoning Province
    胡 亮亮, HUANG Yuning, XUE Renfeng, CHEN Tianxiao, CAO Rong, WANG Suhua, GE Dewei, WANG Lixia, CHENG Xuzhen, CHEN Honglin
    Available online:  November 08, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240615001
    [Abstract] (22) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.10 M] (894)
    Abstract:
    Wild Adzuki bean and sibling species serve as critical genetic resources, exhibiting strong resistance to diseases and pests, as well as high stress tolerance, making them valuable for breeding programs. However, due to the rapid urbanization and the impact of human activities, these resources are facing severe challenges and are on the brink of extinction. Therefore, there is an urgent need for systematic investigation rescue collection, and identification of these wild resources. The Liaoning region boasts a rich diversity of wild adzuki bean species and their relatives, but their population numbers, distribution patterns, and resource characteristics remain unclear. Therefore, systematic investigation and rescue collection of wild adzuki bean and sibling species are urgently needed in Liaoning province as a case study. This study conducted surveys and collections of wild adzuki bean and sibling species across 36 districts (counties) in 14 cities in Liaoning Province, resulting in a total of 262 accessions collected. The survey results indicate that wild adzuki bean are primarily distributed in central and eastern Liaoning, particularly in the coastal areas of eastern Liaoning, while adzuki bean sibling species are mainly found in western Liaoning. In addition, indoor artificial inoculation tests were conducted to evaluate the bruchid resistance of the collected wild adzuki bean and sibling species, identifying two highly resistant and one resistant wild adzuki bean accessions. The findings of this study provide important evidence for the conservation and utilization of rare and endangered resources of wild adzuki bean and sibling species in China, while also offering valuable germplasm resources for breeding adzuki bean resistant to bean weevils.
    Research Progress of Abscisic Acid and Gibberellin Regulation of Seed Dormancy and Germination
    Yu Wen Geng, LIU Lei, WU Depeng, LIU Fuxia, GUO Jian, LI Guanghao, LU Dalei, ZHAO Xiangxiang
    Available online:  November 08, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240816002
    [Abstract] (28) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.32 M] (87)
    Abstract:
    Seed dormancy and germination are key processes in plant growth, which are precisely regulated by phytohormones and external environmental factors. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the regulation of seed dormancy and germination by Abscisic Acid (ABA) and Gibberellins (GA), particularly with regard to the interaction between them. This review presents a summary of the regulation of seed dormancy and germination by the metabolism and signal transduction of ABA and GA. Furthermore, it discusses the effects of the interaction between ABA and GA on seed dormancy and germination, as well as in response to light and temperature cues. The aim of this review is to provide a better understanding of the hormone regulatory network of seed dormancy and germination and theoretical references for future studies of seed dormancy and germination regulation by ABA and GA.
    Analysis of New Blueberry Varieties and Breeding Trends in the World
    tong xu gong, 杜乾慧, LIU Guiting, LU Yani, LI Yutong, SONG Qingqiu, LU Zixi, WANG Nan, ZHANG Wenji, WANG Hexin, ZHAO Lina, LIU Guoling, and XU Guohui
    Available online:  November 08, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240524005
    [Abstract] (3) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.39 M] (29)
    Abstract:
    Blueberries are renowned worldwide for their unique nutritional and health benefits. Currently, blueberries are extensively cultivated globally, including in major regions such as North America, South America, Europe, North Africa and the Mediterranean. However, as cultivation time extends, blueberry varieties in different countries and regions are facing challenges such as insufficient stress resistance, poor adaptability, and mismatched chilling requirements. These issues partly stem from excessive inbreeding, leading to narrow genetic diversity and inbreeding depression, which restrict the production of high-quality fresh blueberries and the expansion of cultivation areas. Consequently, countries have initiated hybrid breeding programs of a certain scale based on their local climate and market demands. Nevertheless, current blueberry breeding methods remain confined to traditional hybridization techniques, which are time-consuming, resource-intensive, and lack the application of modern biotechnological breeding approaches. This article aims to introduce the countries and their varietal development processes involved in global blueberry breeding, while summarizing and analyzing the breeding trends of six major types of blueberries. Furthermore, it discusses the modern biotechnological approaches applied in current global blueberry breeding and outlines future breeding goals. It is hoped that these insights will provide a theoretical basis for blueberry breeding efforts in our country.
    Fine-mapping of Tomato Leaf Color Gene Sllc1 and Candidate Gene Analysis
    阮美颖, 柴亚倩, 周国治, 王荣青, 叶青静, 万红建, 姚祝平, 李志邈, 程远
    Available online:  November 08, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240320004
    [Abstract] (3) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.20 M] (33)
    Abstract:
    As an important tool for clarifying the mechanism of chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development in plants, leaf color mutants are of great significance for exploring the process of plant growth and development. In this study, the green leaf tomato material ""CR11A"" and the light yellow leaf tomato material ""CH09-805"" were used as parental materials to constrct the genetic population and clarify the inheritance pattern. The chloroplast ultrastructure were observed and chlorophyll content were determined in leaf with different colors. BSA-Seq and molecular marker screening were used to map the leaf color gene and analyze the candidate genes. The results showed that the leaves of F1 plants were green, and segregation ratio of 12 (green):3 (light yellow):1 (golden yellow) were observed in the leaves of F2 population, indicating that the tomato leaf color was controlled by two pairs of genes with a dominant epistasis effect. Through chloroplast ultrastructure observation and chlorophyll content determination, it was found that the chloroplast ultrastructure of the golden leaves was severely damaged, and the chlorophyll content of golden leaves was significantly lower than that of light-yellow and green leaves. The tomato leaf color gene Sllc1 was mapped to a physical distance of 114.53 kb in chromosome 7 using BSA-Seq and molecular marker screening, and a total of 13 genes were included in the interval. Combined with the information of gene annoation and variation, the Solyc07g053630 and Solyc07g053640 were predicted as the candidate genes of Sllc1. The results of this study obtained the candidate gene for , which would lay an important material foundation and genetic resources for the analysis of the molecular mechanism of tomato leaf color formation.
    Construction of the EMS Mutant Library for Industrial Hemp and Expression of Genes Related to Cannabinoid Biosynthesis
    LIU Yong-bei, ZHANG Xiao-yu
    Available online:  November 08, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240430002
    [Abstract] (3) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.15 M] (84)
    Abstract:
    Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a high-value economic crop used in papermaking, healthcare, textiles, and other fields. Developing new germplasm of industrial hemp is essential for breeding, innovative germplasm resources, and functional genomic research. In this study, a mutant library of ZHONGDAMAZI 4 (ZD4) was constructed using ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). By setting up gradients of eight concentrations of EMS, it was determined that the 0.8% EMS treatment concentration had the best mutagenic effect on ZD4. After mutagenizing 2000 seeds of ZD4, a total of 644 M1 seedlings emerged, with an emergence rate of 32.2%. Among them, 90 individual plants exhibited variations in leaf color, inflorescence, and plant height, with a mutation rate of 13.98%. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the cannabidiol (CBD) content of the M1 plants, resulting in the identification of 3 high-CBD and 2 low-CBD mutants. Sequencing revealed that the DNA sequences as well as the promoter regions of five key cannabinoid biosynthetic enzyme genes (CsPT4, CsOAC1, CsOLS1, CsCBDAS, and CsTHCA) in the CBD content mutants remained unchanged. However, the expression levels of these five enzymes showed significant changes compared to the control. It is inferred that EMS treatment led to mutations in regulatory genes affecting the CBD metabolic pathway in mutants, thereby regulating the expression of enzymes, ultimately resulting in significant changes in CBD content. This study provides excellent germplasm resources for industrial hemp breeding through the construction of an EMS mutant library and lays a solid foundation for further elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of cannabinoid biosynthesis and related genes.
    Study on Important Agronomic Characters and Genetic Diversity of 1775 Rice Germplasm Resources
    Jinghua Jin, Lishufang, Zhaoyadong, Wangdi, Zhangyu, Jinguoguang, Lihenan, Quanhongli, Quanchengzhe, Zhanqiang
    Available online:  November 08, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (6) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.12 M] (33)
    Abstract:
    Abstract: Rice germplasm resources are important foundation for rice genetic improvement and new variety breeding. The study of genetic diversity of rice germplasm resources plays an important role in broadening the genetic background of rice. In this study, genetic diversity analysis was conducted on 20 important agronomic traits of 1775 rice germplasm resources from 11 provinces (cities) using multiple analysis methods. The results showed that: The coefficient of variation (CV) of agronomic traits varied greatly, with a ranging from 4.42% (grain thickness) to 89.75% (number of empty grains), There was abundant genetic variation in empty grain number; The range of genetic diversity index (H") was 1.585(number of empty grains) to 2.069(heading date), and the heading stage had rich diversity. Through the analysis of agronomic characters of germplasm from 11 provinces (cities), There was rich diversity in 7 characters such as panicle per plant and spikelets per panicle from Jilin. There were 4 characters such as First heading date, panicle length and so on. Them with rich diversity from Yunnan. While heading stage and other 2 characters were rich from Heilongjiang. The 1775 germplasms included lines, landrace and advanced cultivar. The 11 characters were bundant such as leaf length and plant height in landrace, and the 9 characters were abundant such as First heading date and panicle per plant of advanced cultivar. Genetic diversity analysis of different geographical sources and germplasm types can provide useful information for the selection of parental material and thus help in planning breeding strategies. The correlation analysis showed that 149 correlation coefficients reached the very significant level (P < 0.01), among which 3 growth stage traits, such as head stage, had higher correlation with other agronomic traits. Principal component analysis found that the cumulative contribution rate of the first 6 principal components reached 79.309%, and the contribution rate was the largest in the traits related to growth period. The 1775 rice germplasm can be divided into three groups at the Euclidean genetic distance of 0.6, among which the germplasm was group I from three provinces in Northeast China, Beijing and Hangzhou.10 traits were rich, including the growth stage traits, the number of tillers related to yield and the panicle per plant. It can provide excellent germplasm for rice germplasm resource innovation and new variety breeding in the future. Group II only included Ningxia, indicating that germplasm resources in Ningxia were far from germplasm resources in other provinces (cities). Therefore, the utilization rate of those germplasms should be increased to broaden the genetic basis of rice germplasm resources. Group III includes Hebei, Shandong, Yunnan, Jiangsu and Xinjiang, The H " of grain length is the largest among the three groups, indicating that the grain length is rich in the germplasms, which can provide rich germplasm for rice quality breeding in the future.
    Mining and Expression Analysis of Softening Candidate Genes in Guava Fruit based on RNA-seq
    FAN Jing-sheng, MA Song-qiong, NING Lin, HE Jiang, CHEN Nian, OU Jing-li, CHEN Hao-jun, CHEN Dan
    Available online:  October 28, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (8) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.67 M] (58)
    Abstract:
    Guava variants are abundant and fruit texture varies considerably between varieties. The softening degree of fruit determines its edible taste, transportation, storage and shelf life and other commodity values. In order to explore the regulatory genes affecting the texture softening of guava fruit, transcriptomic sequencing was performed on two cultivars,Fenhongmi(crisp)and Xigua No.2(soft)at the firm ripening stage and soft ripening stage. The results showed that the number of differentially expressed genes was the highest among two varieties at soft maturity stage. GO annotation showed that differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in molecular functions such as binding activity and catalytic activity, and KEGG metabolic pathway analysis showed that differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in photosynthesis, photosynthetic antenna protein, galactose metabolism and plant hormone signal transduction pathways. The difference of texture of the two varieties in soft ripening stage is closely related to the regulation of cell wall metabolism, lignin biosynthesis pathway, plant hormone metabolism genes and transcription factors. The up-regulated expression of J3R85008159-PG and J3R85010291-XTH is an important factor promoting the softening of guava. J3R85010291-TCH4 may regulate fruit softening by reducing the mechanical strength of cell wall. Down-regulated expression of lignin synthesis pathway genes (J3R8506005-CAD, J3R8502863-POD, J3R8507303-POD, J3R8500836-LAC and J3R8507803-LAC) delayed lignin accumulation and promoted fruit softening. ABA pathway regulatory genes (PYL and SNRK2), ethylene pathway regulatory genes (ETR/ ERS, EBF1/2, EIN3) and related transcription factors (MYB, NAC, ERF, BHLH and WRKY) may synergistic regulate the expression of cell wall metabolic genes and thus affect the softening process of guava.
    Effects of Saline-alkaline Stress on the Morphogenesis of Panicle of Japonica Rice Germplasm
    Weiru kong, Song jiawei, Duan kairong, Qiao chengbin, Feng peiyuan, Ma shuaiguo, Li peifu, Luo chengke, Tian lei
    Available online:  October 28, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (22) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.67 M] (57)
    Abstract:
    Saline-alkaline stress is a critical limiting factor for high-yield and stable production of rice. Elucidating the effects of different Saline-alkali soils on rice panicle morphology, and screening saline-alkali-tolerant rice germplasm accessions are of great significance to the breeding of saline-alkali tolerant rice varieties. In the present study, normal paddy soil was used as control (CK), with two different types of saline-alkali soil being used as experimental treatments. Treatment I focused on salt stress, while treatment II focused on alkali stress. A total of 164 japonica rice germplasm were examined for 11 panicle traits. Then, multivariate statistical methods, such as correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), linear regression analysis (LRA) and path analysis were used to comprehensively evaluated the panicle traits of these japonica rice germplasm under different saline and alkaline adversities. The results indicated that under the two saline-alkali treatments, spike length (SL), grain number per panicle (GNP), grain density (GD), grain number of primary branch (GNPB), primary branch number (PBN), grain number of secondary branch (GNSB), and secondary branch number (SBN), were significantly reduced compared to CK. Compared with treatment II, Treatment I showed significantly increased in SL, GNP, secondary branch grain density (SBGD), GNSB, and SBN. Under different treatment conditions, variations in the correlation among 11 panicle traits were noted. Particularly, there was a significant positive correlation (p<0.01) between the thousand grain weight (TGW) and seed setting rate (SSR) under the two saline-alkali conditions, while there was no significant correlation under CK condition. PCA with 11 evaluation index from CK, treatment I and treatment II suggested three major components, with cumulative contribution rate of 80.4%, 86.4% and 83.9%, respectively. Using LRA and PCA, GNP, GD, GNPB and PBN were selected as the key indexes for evaluating panicle morphology of japonica rice under saline-alkali condition. Five saline-alkali-tolerant japonica rice accessions, namely Liaogeng 1201, Pinggeng 8, Fengdao 508, Song 820, and Ninghui 1, identified through a comprehensive evaluation value D of panicle traits can be used as valuable assets for rice-plant-architecture breeding under intricate saline-alkali environments.
    Identification of BZR Genes and its Association with Grain Traits in Sorghum
    ZHAO Juanying, LI Jinbiao, LI Haoxiang, WANG Huiyan, ZHANG Xiaojuan, FAN Xinqi, LIANG Du, GUO Qi, LIU Qingshan, ZHANG Yizhong
    Available online:  October 28, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (8) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.24 M] (57)
    Abstract:
    Brassinosteroids (BR) are class of important hormones in plants, which play a role in regulating plant growth and development and resisting various environmental stresses. BZR transcription factors are key regulatory factors in the BR signaling pathway and transmit BRs signals by regulating the expression of target genes. To further study the biological characteristics and functions of BZR genes in sorghum, this study identified 10 BZR genes from the sorghum genome, which were divided into four groups. The tissue-specific expression analysis showed that SbBZR3, SbBZR4, and SbBZR10 are highly expressed in multiple tissues as well as have high expression levels during the grain development process. Meanwhile, based on the resequencing results and grain phenotype data of 340 sorghum germplasm resources, the superior alleles of SbBZRs were identified. The results showed that the superior alleles SbBZR3-SNP458 (T) was significantly associated with grain length, and SbBZR10-SNP660 (A) was significantly associated with grain length, grain width and 1000-grain weight. Both SbBZR3-SNP458 (T) and SbBZR10-SNP660 (A) were artificially selected during the evolutionary process. This study not only lays a foundation for revealing the action mechanism of BZR genes in sorghum, but also provides a reference for using excellent alleles to improve grain size and promote the creation of new sorghum seeds with high yield.
    Floral Scent Synthesis Related Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase (PmCAD) Genes Identification and Functional Analysis in Prunus mume
    LIU Siyuan, Luo Yuhang, 邓思航, 陈赟, 包菲
    Available online:  October 24, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (4) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.31 M] (67)
    Abstract:
    Prunus mume Siebold & Zucc. has many varieties and diverse floral scent types, among which cinnamyl alcohol and cinnamyl acetate are unique floral scent components in pink varieties of P. mume. In plants, cinnamaldehyde is reduced to cinnamyl alcohol under the catalysis of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), which in turn generates cinnamyl acetate under the catalysis of acetyltransferase. Therefore, cinnamyl alcohol is not only an important floral scent component in P. mume, but also an important precursor for the synthesis of cinnamyl acetate. This study identified 56 PmCADs homologous genes based on the second-generation genome of P. mume. It was found that the PmCADs family can be divided into five subgroups, and the protein conserved motif composition of subgroups I, II, and III is relatively similar, with significant differences from subgroups IV and V suggesting potential functional differentiation between them. Chromosome fragment replication and tandem replication were identified as two forms of PmCADs replication in genome evolution. It was found that the promoter regions of PmCADs genes extensively contained abscisic acid, methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid responsive elements, and meristem related elements suggesting that the PmCADs genes are mainly involved in the growth, development, and stress response of P. mume. Phylogenetic analysis of CAD from P. mume and other species suggested that the three PmCADs genes located in subgroup III may be involved in the floral scent synthesis in P. mume. Heat map analysis of PmCADs genes in different tissues and organs indicated that the three PmCADs were all expressed in flowers. Furthermore, analysis of relative gene expression revealed that the expression patterns of the 3 candidate PmCADs genes varied at different stages of flowering, with higher expression levels after the flowers bloom. The in vitro enzyme activity analysis confirmed that all three PmCADs have cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity, indicating that they jointly participate in the synthesis of cinnamyl alcohol, an important floral scent component of P. mume. Subcellular localization analysis revealed differences in their distribution within the cell, suggesting that they may play roles in different parts of the cell. This study revealed the evolution and functional differentiation of the PmCADs genes in P. mume, laying theoretical foundations for the synthesis of important floral scent components and providing theoretical bases for floral fragrance molecular breeding in P. mume.
    Effects of drought stress and rewatering treatments on physiological indicators and DNA methylation levels in B.rapa
    杨刚1, 王旺田, 蒲媛媛, 孙万仓, 方彦, 范婷婷
    Available online:  October 24, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (5) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.49 M] (77)
    Abstract:
    To analyze the effects of drought treatments on physiological indexes and DNA methylation levels of winter Brassica Rapa, this study subjected cabbage-type oilseed rape to three treatments, namely, normal water supply, drought stress, and rehydration after drought, and analyzed the changes in the physiological indexes of oilseed rape and the DNA methylation levels of oilseed rape after the different treatments. The results showed that when cabbage-type oilseed rape was subjected to drought stress, malondialdehyde content, antioxidant enzyme activity and osmoregulatory substances increased by 167.27%、254.85%、103.24%、164.64%、49.2% and 37.79%, respectively, and osmoregulatory substances increased by 3.21μg·g-1FW, 0.048 μ g·mg-1FW, and the relative water content of leaves decreased significantly by 53.64%. The physiological indexes were significantly recovered after rewatering; the methylation level of oilseed rape showed an increasing trend after drought, and the methylation rate after rewatering was higher than that of drought and control, with the methylation rate reaching 20.56%.The GO enrichment results showed that the differentially methylated genes were enriched in the biological process, binding and molecular function.KEGG functional enrichment analysis showed that the differentially methylated genes were mainly involved in the ubiquitin mediated protein hydrolysis, cytotoxicity , ABC transporter proteins, carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, and other metabolism-related pathways. There was a correlation between methylation rate and physiological indicators, and combined with the GO and KEGG enrichment results, seven differentially methylated genes encoded peroxidases.
    Gene Mapping and Genetic Analysis of the Dwarf Mutant d309 in Maize
    ZHANG EN HUI, LI Jian, WANG Yi-Ru, WANG Xiao-Dong, MA Peng-Tao, ZHENG Jun
    Available online:  October 21, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (9) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.66 M] (70)
    Abstract:
    Plant height is one of the key factors determining yield and stability in maize. This research aims to increase the individual yield of maize by optimizing the plant architecture. We have discovered a dwarf mutant, d309, in the mutagenized material of the maize variety B73, which was stably inherited through continuous selfing. Genetic analysis revealed that the phenotype of the d309 mutant is controlled by a single recessive gene. Compared to the B73 inbred line, the d309 mutant exhibited a significantly reduced plant height and shortened internodes. Cytological studies indicated that the cell length between the 5th and 6th internodes of the d309 mutant was significantly reduced. By constructing an F2 population from the cross of d309 and PH6WC and employing BSR-seq technology, we preliminarily mapped the mutation site to an interval of 3.47-17.47 Mb on chromosome 3. Further gene mapping localized the mutation site between two molecular markers, 5-4 and 5-7, within which there is only one open reading frame encoding gibberellin 3-oxidases (GA3ox, Zm00001d039634), which has been reported as Dwarf1. Sequencing results showed that the d309 mutant has a single nucleotide mutation in the CDS region of the Zm00001d039634 gene, leading to an amino acid sequence change. Protein structure prediction suggested that the mutation site is located within the Fe(II)2OGD (iron 2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase) domain. Exogenous application of gibberellin restored the dwarf phenotype of the d309 mutant, confirming it as a gibberellin synthesis-deficient mutant. Additionally, the d309 mutant differs from the reported Dwarf1 allelic mutants in its mutation mechanism, indicating that d309 is a new allelic variant of the Dwarf1 gene.
    Exploration and Analysis of Key Genes Involved in Fatty Acid Metabolism in Camellia oleifera Seeds Kernel
    CHENG Xinqi, WU Shiying, LI Xinyue, LIU Wenchao, LIU Hongtao, HU Xiaoming, ZHU Huaguo
    Available online:  October 18, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (2) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.40 M] (79)
    Abstract:
    To explore the key genes involved in oil content and fatty acid metabolism in Camellia oleifera, transcriptome analysis was performed on the kernel of camellia oleifera at three key developmental stages, and correlation analysis was conducted on the expression levels, oil content, and proportion of each fatty acid component of the enriched fatty acid metabolism key genes. Transcriptome analysis showed that 17772 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained, of which 11006 genes were up-regulated, 6766 genes were down-regulated. GO (Gene Ontology) analysis showed that a total of 1302 DEGs were enriched with 195 GO terms in the three comparative groups, the unique DEGs were enriched with 14, 1, and 17 GO terms in each comparative group, respectively. KEGG analysis showed that the three comparative groups had DEGs enriched in Flavonoid biosynthesis, Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, Diarylheptanoid and gingerol biosynthesis, and Glutathione metabolism at five pathways. In addition, in the Em0707vsEm1003 comparison group during the critical period of fatty acid synthesis, DEGs were enriched in four pathways of fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism, biotin metabolism and pyruvate metabolism, among which 12 DEGs genes involved in the fatty acid metabolism pathway; further determination of oil content and fatty acid composition in different stages of seed kernels, and correlation analysis showed that the expression levels of ACC, KASIII, PATE, KAT2 and SAD genes were significantly positively correlated with seed oil content and C18:1n-9c, while KASIII, ACC, PATE, and KAT2 genes were significantly negatively correlated with C16:0. They may be key genes regulating oil content and fatty acid metabolism in Camellia oleifera, the above research provides a scientific basis for genetic improvement of Camellia oleifera.
    Evaluation and identification of nitrogen efficiency of Brassica napus L. at overwintering and maturity stages
    ZHU Jiarong, DAI Wenjun, LI Hao, QIAN Fang, GUAN Wenjie, XUE Yujun, XU Kun, LI Lixia, ZHOU Xiangchun, ZHOU Fanglin, GENG Rudan, CAI Guangqin, CHEN Biyun, WU Xiaoming, YAN Guixin
    Available online:  October 18, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (10) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.11 M] (89)
    Abstract:
    Nitrogen is essential for the growth and development of plants. Increasing nitrogen application to rapeseed promotes the accumulation of biomass at vegetative growth stage, increases seed yield and protein content, but reduces oil content at maturity stage. Oil is the target product of rapeseed. Thus, it is of great significance to explore nitrogen-efficient varieties with higher oil production when reducing nitrogen application. However, the identification of nitrogen efficiency in different periods of rapeseed and the relationship between traits in different periods have not been reported. In this study, biomass and oil yield were used as indicators to evaluate the nitrogen efficiency of overwintering and mature stages, and then we analyzed the relationship between traits in different periods. The comprehensive evaluation model of nitrogen efficiency at overwintering stage was established through the variation analysis, principal component analysis and membership function analysis of each biomass index under different nitrogen level at overwintering stage. The plant biomass and the fresh biomass were extracted as the comprehensive evaluation indexes of nitrogen efficiency at overwintering stage. Three high-efficiency germplasms under high nitrogen condition, seven low-efficiency germplasms under both nitrogen conditions, two high-efficiency germplasms under low nitrogen condition and six high-efficiency germplasms under both nitrogen conditions were identified. At the mature stage, four high-efficiency germplasms under high nitrogen condition, six low-efficiency germplasms under both nitrogen conditions, three high-efficiency germplasms under low nitrogen condition and four high-efficiency germplasms under both nitrogen conditions were identified by oil yield as nitrogen efficiency index. Combined with the identification results of the two periods, two high-efficiency germplasms (Jie 65 and Zhongshuang 11) under high nitrogen condition in the two periods, one high-efficiency germplasm (6024-1) under both nitrogen conditions, one high-efficiency germplasm (Soviet rapeseed) under low nitrogen condition, three low-efficiency germplasms (Xingxuan 2, Reaina II and Gisora) under both nitrogen conditions were identified. The further study showed that the correlation was not significant for the traits between overwintering and maturity stage under different nitrogen treatments. The above results will provide materials and theoretical basis for studying the mechanism of nitrogen efficiency in rapeseed and clarifying the important regulatory genes.
    Analysis of Fatty Acids in the Fruit of Lunaria annua L.
    Peng Li, Ruan Ying, Guo Zhihui
    Available online:  October 16, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (8) [HTML] (0) [PDF 826.39 K] (102)
    Abstract:
    Honesty (Lunaria annua L.) is an oilseed crop that needs to be developed urgently, and its seeds contain a large amount of nervonic acid that can prevent cerebral neurasthenia. Currently, there are no reports on the characteristics of fatty acid accumulation and metabolism during the fruit development process of Lunaria. In order to explore the changes in the types and contents of fatty acids during the development process of the fruit of Lunaria, as well as the synthesis characteristics of very-long-chain fatty acids, especially nervonic acids, this study used acid-base combination method and GC-MS to compare and analyze the fatty acid components and content of plants containing nervonic acids: Lunaria, Arabidopsis, Borage, and Malania fruit. The results showed that a total of 10 types of fatty acids were involved in fatty acid metabolism during the development process of the Lunaria fruit, seven in seeds and eight in pericarps, most of them are long chain and very-long-chain unsaturated fatty acids. The fatty acids in the seeds were mainly composed of palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, erucic acid and nervonic acid; the content of palmitic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid gradually decreased with seed development; oleic acid, erucic acid and nervonic acid gradually increased with seed development and accumulated in large quantities in the first 25-35 days after anthesis; the pericarp was free of erucic acid and nervonic acid, but specializes in behenic acid, lignoceric acid and cerotic acid. Lunaria, Borage and Malania seeds all contain erucic acid and nervonic acid. Woody plant Malania seed has the highest content, followed by Lunaria, and Borage has the lowest content. The content of nervonic acid in the seeds of the three plants is significantly positively correlated with the content of erucic acid. The results of this study elucidate the characteristics of fatty acid metabolism and accumulation of nervonic acid during the fruit development process of Lunaria, providing new ideas for fully utilizing the germplasm resources of Lunaria and expanding the pathways for obtaining nervonic acids.
    Genome-Wide Association Study of Seven Mineral Element Contents in the Aerial Parts of Brassica napus Seedlings
    Lu Jingchunzi, Cheng Jingdong, Yu Y, Xue Tianyuan, Cheng Miao, Dai Xigang, Zeng Changli, 万何平
    Available online:  October 16, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (6) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.25 M] (94)
    Abstract:
    The content of mineral elements is a crucial indicator for evaluating forage quality and breeding. In recent years, rapeseed has become a valuable high-yield forage source, playing a key role in alleviating the shortage of feed resources in China. This study aimed to reveal the accumulation patterns of major mineral nutrients in the core germplasm of Brassica napus and to support the breeding of mineral-rich rapeseed. We evaluated the phenotypic variation in the contents of K, Ca, Na, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Cu in 280 core germplasms of B. napus using ICP-OES after hydroponic treatment. Through GWAS, we identified molecular markers significantly associated with the content of these minerals and predicted related candidate genes. The results showed significant variation in mineral content among different germplasms, and principal component analysis transformed the seven mineral indicators into three new indicators, with a cumulative contribution rate of 68.479%. Significant positive and negative correlations were found between different minerals; some germplasms exhibited extreme values for multiple minerals. A total of 134 SNPs related to mineral content were identified, and 14 candidate genes were predicted. This study provides important insights for the breeding and creation of new germplasm rich in mineral nutrients.
    Evaluation of cross resistance to ALS herbicides and analysis of resistance genes in rapeseed M196
    LuXinYu, GuoYue, HuMaoLong
    Available online:  October 15, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (13) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.34 M] (105)
    Abstract:
    In order to identify effects of the cross-resistance and the function of resistant genes in germplasm M196, this study determined the resistance effect of M196 by spraying SU, IMI, TP, PB, and SCT herbicides with different concentration gradients in culture room and field, respectively. Results showed that the cross-resistance of SU and SCT was the strongest, while IMI, TP and PB were lower. The similar cross resistance to various herbicides was detected in the transgenic positive plants with resistance genes by functional validation in transgenic Arabidopsis. The cross-resistance of ALS herbicides was caused by the increased expression of mutant target gene and the decreased sensitivity of mutant target enzyme to herbicides in the transgenic Arabidopsis. The study provides a theoretical basis for preventing and solving the potential problems about weed resistance and drift of resistance gene that may arise from the widespread promotion of resistant varieties
    Research Progress on Branching Formation and the Main Factors Affecting Branching Number in Plants
    LI Libing, LI Weitao, Liu yirou, LIU Yiyang, BAI Bo, CUI Feng, WAN Shubo, LI Guowei
    Available online:  October 12, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (34) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.11 M] (118)
    Abstract:
    Plant branching is a complex and strictly regulated developmental process that significantly affects plant morphogenesis and yield, making it one of the focal points in the study of ideal plant architecture. The formation of plant branches requires at least two critical steps: the formation of axillary meristems and the formation and development of axillary buds into branches. In recent years, it has been confirmed that various factors regulate these processes, ultimately affect the number of plant branches. This article briefly describes the molecular regulatory mechanisms of plant branching, including the regulatory networks of key genes involved in the formation of axillary meristems and the formation and growth of axillary buds. It reviews the effects of various endogenous hormones, including auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, brassinosteroids, and strigolactones, as well as the nutrient sucrose and environmental factors such as light on branch formation. The aim is to lay the foundation for breeding high-yield new varieties with ideal plant architecture. Additionally, the article discusses the regulatory effects of interactions between hormones on branch formation and analyzes the current state and future directions of research on the branching of oil crops, with the hope of providing a theoretical basis for shaping ideal plant types.
    Evaluation of Lodging Resistance and Selection of Identification Indexes of Common Buckwheat Germplasm Resources in Central Gansu
    贾 瑞玲 , zhao xiaoqin, LIU Junxiu
    Available online:  October 11, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240314002
    [Abstract] (20) [HTML] (0) [PDF 0.00 Byte] (994)
    Abstract:
    Lodging is the main problem affecting the common buckwheat production and quality in central Gansu. In this study, 76 common buckwheat germplasm resources from domestic and abroad were used as the test materials. Genetic diversity of 23 phenotypic traits associating to lodging resistance was calculated based on the Shannon-Wiener information diversity index. The lodging resistance of common buckwheat germplasms were comprehensively evaluated using the correlation analysis, principal component analysis, regression analysis，cluster analysis and stepwise discriminate analysis. 76 common buckwheat germplasm materials exhibited high genetic diversity. The diversity index distribution of different traits ranged from 2.349 to 4.331, with the diversity index of number of main stem branches being the smallest and that of the second inter-node length being the largest. The results of the correlation analysis showed that 23 characters existed in varying degrees of correlation. The results of the principal component analysis showed that the first five principal components explained 81.421% of information quantity of 23 phenotypic traits. D value of common buckwheat germplasm materials was calculated using the membership function method. The average D value was found to be 0.469, with Yuntianqiao 1 having the lowest D value (0.200) and TQ10-07 having the highest D value (0.819). Through stepwise regression, a regression equation was established with 8 traits (plant height, stem height of center gravity, the first inter-node length and wall thickness, the second inter-node length, number of main stem branches, bending degree and stem resistance) as independent variables. The equation could be used for a comprehensive evaluation of the Lodging Resistance of common buckwheat germplasm materials. Based on D value clustering, 76 materials were divided into four groups. The result of stepwise discriminant analysis showed that 5 germplasm materials were incorrectly discriminated and the identification rate was only 6.58%，which means that the result of cluster analysis is accurate and reliable. 3 materials in classⅠexhibited high lodging resistance and high D value, which could be used as parent materials for material innovation and breeding. This study shows that using multivariate statistical analysis is a feasible approach to comprehensively evaluate lodging resistance of common buckwheat germplasm, which become valuable in selection of elite germplasm resources in breeding for the lodging resistance hybrids in central Gansu.
    Molecular Mapping of a Novel Yellow Leaf Locus in Wheat
    YAN Guiyun, ZUO Jingjing, WANG Min, LUO Shiyin, TAN Dan, QIAO Linyi
    Available online:  October 11, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240318002
    [Abstract] (31) [HTML] (0) [PDF 0.00 Byte] (1049)
    Abstract:
    Leaf color is closely related to plant photosynthetic efficiency and grain yield of wheat. The physiological yellow leaves were present in an artificially synthesized wheat Y223. The F1 plants derived from the cross between Y223 and a normal green leaf variety Jinzuo 82 displayed intermediate phenotype in leaf color. Seventeen days after the emergence of flag leaves, the segregation ratio for green leaf, intermediate, and yellow leaf types in the F2 population Y223 × Jinzuo 82 fits to 1:2:1. Using the bulked segregant analysis method, F2 individuals with contrasting phenotypes were selected to establish green leaf pools and yellow leaf pools. From 569 SSR markers distributed on 21 chromosomes of wheat, 12 markers with consistent polymorphism between parents and green/yellow leaf pools were identified. Nine of them were located on chromosome 2B. These markers were used to genotype the F2 population, and the yellow leaf locus, designated YL-2B, was mapped by five markers. It was flanked by markers Xbarc200 and Xbarc55, with genetic distances of 2.3 cM and 3.8 cM, respectively. By comparing the characteristic of dominance/recessiveness, yellow leaf phenotype, and marker linkage, YL-2B proved to differ from the reported yellow leaf loci on chromosome 2B, indicating that it is possibly a novel locus. This study clarifies the inheritance mode and chromosome position of the yellow leaf locus carried by Y223, which provides a reference information for gene cloning and understanding leaf senescence mechanism.
    Construction of DNA Molecular Identity Card of Broomcorn Millet Resources in Inner Mongolia
    冯智尊, 辛旭霞, 曹越, 郭娟, 王晓丹, 曹晓宁, Santra Dipak K, 陈凌, 乔治军, 王瑞云
    Available online:  October 09, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240403002
    [Abstract] (8) [HTML] (0) [PDF 0.00 Byte] (96)
    Abstract:
    Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is an ancient crop with various varieties and resources. Using fluorescent SSR markers, the resources of Panicum miliaceum L. can be managed and classified digitally, and many resources can be applied rationally and efficiently. In this study, 258 samples of millet resources from Inner Mongolia were used as experimental materials. Based on 85 pairs of conventional SSR markers developed by our research group, fluorescent SSR core markers were obtained through multiple amplification, screening, optimization and processing (fluorophores were added at the 5 "end of the primer). MapChart 2.32 was used to draw the chromosome location map of core markers, ID Analysis 4.0 was used to detect the differentiation of markers to materials, and PowerMarker 3.25 and PopGen 1.32 were used to analyze genetic diversity. MEGA 11.0.10 was used to draw the cluster diagram, NTSYSpc2.11a was used to draw the principal component analysis diagram, and finally the grass QR code generator was used to build DNA molecular identity cards of all materials. Genetic diversity analysis showed that there were 123 alleles (Na) in 258 materials amplified by 7 pairs of markers, with an average of 17.5714 NA per pair, ranging from 8.0000 to 25.0000. The number of effective alleles (Ne) ranged from 3.5868 to 16.2042, with an average of 7.4622. Shannon diversity index (I) was between 1.8361 and 2.8852, with an average value of 2.2270. Observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.5303 to 0.9606 and 0.7229 to 0.9408, respectively, and the mean values were 0.8021 and 0.8372. Nei"s gene diversity index (Nei) ranged from 0.7212 to 0.9383, with an average of 0.8353. Polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.8266 to 0.9391, with an average of 0.8994. The results of capillary electrophoresis were encoded in a specific way, and only 7 pairs of fluorescent labels (RYW6, RYW8, RYW37, RYW40, RYW67, RYW124 and RYW125) were used to generate 258 strings and two-dimensional code DNA molecular identity cards of Inner Mongolia millet resources. The results provided a reference for the classification management and rapid identification of the germplasm resources of Inner Mongolia broomcorn millet.
    Research Advance on Flowering Regulation and Molecular Mechanism of Orchids
    陈露, 李青女, 郑佳桐, 王奕晴, 翟俊文, 吴沙沙
    Available online:  August 05, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (34) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.22 M] (1088)
    Abstract:
    Orchidaceae is one of the largest families in angiosperms, with a wide range of species and wide distribution. Due to its unique flower patterns, rich flower colors, and long flowering period, it has high ornamental value. The flowering time and flower quality are important traits that affect the ornamental value of orchid. How to regulate the flowering period and improve the quality of orchid flowers is of great significance for the production and application of orchid. This article reviews the process of flower bud differentiation, flowering regulation techniques, and molecular regulation mechanisms related to flowering of Orchidaceae plants, combining domestic and foreign research. It summarizes the characteristics of flower bud differentiation and the basic research and technical problems related to flowering regulation in orchids, as well as the flowering pathways related to Orchidaceae plants. It proposes potential research directions for the flowering regulation mechanisms and techniques of orchids. In order to provide reference for the study of flowering regulation, industrial production, and quality improvement of orchids in the Orchidaceae family.
    Identification and Transcriptome Analysis of the High Methionine Mutant Zmts1 in Maize Kernels
    郭长虹, 李新海
    Available online:  July 29, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (45) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.57 M] (1075)
    Abstract:
    Methionine is the first limiting amino acid in maize-soybean meal diets for livestock and poultry. An imbalance in amino acids leads to inhibition of protein synthesis in the organism, thus affecting the quality of meat and milk. To analyse the regulatory mechanism of methionine accumulation in maize grains, this study used homologous cloning to obtain a candidate gene, ZmTS1 (Threonine Synthase 1), which affects methionine content.Methionine content in Zmts1 mutant seeds increased by 60%, SDS-PAGE results showed that the methionine residue-rich 10 KDa-δ alcohol-soluble protein in the mature Zmts1 mutant kernel was significantly increased compared to the wild type, confirming that the gene could significantly increase the methionine content in maize kernels.The gene contained a threonine synthase structural domain and the encoded protein was hydrophilic, according to biological information analysis. The gene contained a threonine synthase structural domain and the encoded protein was hydrophilic, according to biological information analysis. Transcriptome analysis revealed 1,144 differentially expressed genes related to methionine metabolism, of which 571 were up-regulated and 573 down-regulated. Analysis of GO and KEGG enriched pathways showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism pathways. Seven key candidate genes involved in the methionine pathway were further validated by qRT-PCR, which could indirectly regulate the methionine pathway, and the expression patterns of RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR were consistent. This study provides new germplasm resources for breeding methionine-rich maize, and also provides some theoretical basis for the mechanism of methionine regulation in maize.
    Evaluation of Salt Tolerance and Analysis of Heterosis Patterns in Maize during Germination
    赵 绍 赓, LIU Xiao-qiang, WANG Yu-xi, XU Jia-rui, DENG Xin, ZHENG Jun, WANG Hong-wu
    Available online:  November 20, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240405001
    [Abstract] (0) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.99 M] (4)
    Abstract:
    Abstract: To evaluate the tolerance of different maize materials to salt stress during the germination period and explore the heterozygous patterns of salt tolerance in maize hybrid materials during the germination period. This study used a 160 mmol/L NaCl solution to treat 152 maize inbred lines and 303 hybrid varieties under salt stress. Distilled water culture was used as the control, and salt tolerance during germination was identified using a paper bed culture method in a culture dish. The results showed that salt stress treatment significantly reduced the germination potential, germination rate, and germination index of maize materials. Trait correlation analysis revealed a highly significant positive correlation between different traits. Using the salt tolerance rate during the germination period and combining with the clustering analysis results, the inbred and hybrid materials were divided into five salt tolerance levels: Level I (high tolerance), Level II (tolerance), Level III (moderate), Level IV (sensitive), and Level V (high sensitivity). According to the results of IBD (identity by descent) analysis, 146 inbred line materials were divided into 8 groups. The salt tolerance of different groups of inbred line materials was as follows: EUROM group>Complex group>ZI330 group>PB group>LAN group>SPT group>PA group>REID group. The hybrid materials are divided into 23 heterosis patterns based on the different parent material groups, among which EUROM × PB is the optimal heterosis pattern for salt stress tolerance during germination. This study identified the salt tolerance of inbred lines and hybrid materials, and selected 4 high salt tolerant inbred line materials and 17 high salt tolerant hybrid materials; It has been preliminarily determined that the EUROM group inbred lines have strong salt tolerance, and the optimal heterosis pattern is EUROM × PB.
    Nut Phenotypic Diversity Analysis and Evaluation of Chinese Chestnut Variety Resources in Yanshan Mountains
    ZHANG Xin-fang, ZHANG Shu-hang, LI Ying, GUO Yan, LIU Jin-yu, FAN Li-ying, WANG Guang-peng
    Available online:  November 15, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (0) [HTML] (0) [PDF 0.00 Byte] (3)
    Abstract:
    The purpose of this study was to explore the phenotypic diversity of Castanea mollissima Bl. in Yanshan Mountains, and evaluate the nut appearance and economic traits targetedly using a variety of analytical methods. The phenotypic datasets (11 descriptive traits and 15 numerical traits) in 118 chestnut variety resources in Yanshan Mountains were collected. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index, principal component analysis, membership function and cluster analysis were used to evaluate and guide the appropriate utilization methods according to the nut phenotypic characteristics. The value of Shannon-Wiener diversity index（H'）of 11 descriptive traits ranged from 0.33 (number of pubescence) to 1.14 (color of nut), and the value of coefficient of variation was 11.63 % (obviousness of stripes) - 51.07 % (wiring shape). The value of coefficient of variation of 15 numerical traits ranged from 3.09% (kernel rate) to 24.69% (shell weight), and the value of coefficient of variation of shell weight, bar size, kernel weight and nut size was greater than 20.00 %. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index ranged from 1.85 (base width) to 2.09 (nut length). There were significant or extremely significant correlations among most numerical traits. The results of principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first four principal components was 80.768 %, and contribution ratio of the first principal component (nut width, nut thickness, nut size, surface arc length and so on) was the largest, which could be used as a comprehensive index related to nut size. The variety resources with higher comprehensive scores of nut processing economic traits included Jianli, Nanchui 5, Xinglong 1, Maxingli, Yanli 1, Dabanhong, Yanli, Pingquan (Ge), Funingbaopi, Timashisheng.
    Genetic diversity analysis of Vaccinium bracteatum germplasm based on SNP Markers
    huang jing, zhang min, -
    Available online:  November 15, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (0) [HTML] (0) [PDF 0.00 Byte] (3)
    Abstract:
    In order to provide reference for the protect, development and utilization of Vaccinium bracteatum resources, a total of 70 germplasm resources from 5 geographical populations were genotyped by GBS (Genotyping-by-Sequencing) technique to develop SNP markers. Using the developed markers, we investigated the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of V. bracteatum. The result shows a total of 9752 highly consistent and effective SNP markers were obtained through sequencing data analysis. 5 geographical populations of V. bracteatum all have high levels of genetic diversity, with an average effective number of alleles (Ne) of 1.52, expected heterozygosity (He) of 0.21, and observed heterozygosity (Ho) of 0.23. Among the 5 populations, the Liyang population had the highest genetic diversity. Analysis of variance for molecular variation(AMOVA) revealed that 64.45% of the total genetic variation resided among individuals. The fixation index (Fst) showed a high degree of genetic differentiation among the 5 geographical populations, with the highest Fst values(0.406) observed between the Liyang and Shangyou populations. Based on the results of NJ Phylogenetic tree, V. bracteatum resources clustered into three branches, which did not show obvious correspondence between geographical location and genetic relationships. The STRUCTURE analysis clustered the V. bracteatum resources into three subgroups, the results of principal component analysis was consistent with it, and different geographical populations are distributed in each subgroup, indicating the existence of high gene exchange in V. bracteatum resources. This study provides reference for selection and breeding of V. bracteatum and germplasm conservation.
    Drought-Resistance Evaluation of Qingke Germplasm Resources
    CUI Yong mei, LI Jie, ZHANG Li, YAO You hua, YAO Xiao hua, and WU Kun lun
    Available online:  November 15, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (0) [HTML] (0) [PDF 0.00 Byte] (4)
    Abstract:
    Drought was one of the major stresses in Tibetan Plateau region. To identify the characteristics and breeding dought-tolerance varieties is economical strategy to improve drought -resistance in Qingke. The drought-resistance of 246 Qingke germplasm resources was evaluated at seedling and reproductive stages in this study. At seedling stage, the population drought resistance was classified step by step by measuring ion leakage. In addition, a comprehensive evaluation model and index for drought-resistance was established at reproductive stage and appropriate evaluation indexes were selected. The plant height (PH), spike length (SL), kernels per ear (KN), and thousand grain weight (TGW) of 246 Qingke germplasm resources were measured and analyzed by using various methods
    Genetic Diversity Evaluation of a Rare and Endangered Species Phoebe chekiangensis
    Yongjie Zheng, ZHANG Yue-ting, LIU Xin-liang, TU Bai-lian, Wu Yan-fang
    Available online:  November 15, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (0) [HTML] (0) [PDF 0.00 Byte] (3)
    Abstract:
    Phoebe chekiangensis is a rare and endangered species in China. The investigation on the genetic diversity and genetic structure of populations will provide scientific basis for the effective protection and utilization of germplasm resources of P. chekiangensis. Fifteen pairs of SSR markers were used to detect 175 germplasm resources from 10 populations by capillary electrophoresis to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic structure of P. chekiangensis. A total of 114 alleles (Na) were detected in 175 germplasms of P. chekiangensis by 15 pairs of primers, with an average of 2.371 effective alleles (Ne) per pair of primers. The polymorphic information content (PIC) of SSR primer ranged from 0.323 to 0.844, averaging at 0.629. The populations of P. chekiangensis showed a moderate degree of genetic diversity (Ho=0.621, He=0.478). The inbreeding coefficient within Subpopulations (Fis) was -0.237, and the inbreeding coefficient for Total populations(Fit) was 0.082, indicating that the heterozygosity rate was high. There was high genetic differentiation (Fst=0.275) and low gene flow (Nm=0.763) between populations. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that the inter-individual differences within the population were the main source of genetic variation, accounting for 78.7% of the total variation (P < 0.001). The population structure analysis and cluster analysis divided 10 populations of P. chekiangensis from different provenances into three groups, and there were some gene introgressions between populations. Habitat fragmentation and human disturbance may be the main reasons for the endangerment of P. chekiangensis, and measures should be taken to protect the genetic diversity of P. chekiangensis by combining in situ conservation and ex situ conservation.
    Application of image recognition technology in the assessment of leaf morphology and diversity of apricot germplasm
    王碧君, 章秋平, 刘威生, 刘硕, 刘宁, 张玉萍, 张玉君, 徐铭, 马小雪, 刘家成, 赵海娟
    Available online:  November 15, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (0) [HTML] (0) [PDF 0.00 Byte] (5)
    Abstract:
    Abstract: In order to explore the genetic diversity of apricot leaf morphology, and to facilitate the collection of apricot germplasm resources and variety identification. In this study, the comparative analyses were carried out by using various methods, such as descriptive statistics, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed the coefficients of variation (cv) of the 13 graded traits were all above 20%, and the three leaf traits of leaf tip length, leaf margin serration depth, and position of the widest part of the leaf blade differed greatly, which can be used as traits to distinguish leaf morphology of different apricot varieties. The magnitude of variation for the 15 quantitative traits ranged from 4.16% to 29.5%, which showed that the degree of leaf variation among apricot varieties was high, and there were a variety of types and rich genetic diversity among apricot varietal resources. Through correlation analysis, it was found that there was a highly significant positive correlation between four traits: leaf blade roundness, leaf blade rectangularity, leaf apex angle and leaf base angle; leaf base shape was highly significantly and positively correlated with leaf base angle with a correlation coefficient of 0.92, and highly significant negatively correlated with leaf length-to-width ratio; and leaf roundness was significantly negatively correlated with leaf tip length, which indicated that tip length of leaf to a certain extent could reflect the leaf shape. Through principal component analysis, the 15 quantitative traits were divided into four composite factors, and the cumulative contribution rate reached more than 85.04%. The results showed that the first principal component consisted of five traits, including leaf area, leaf circumference, leaf length, leaf width, and petiole length, which mainly reflected the traits related to the size of the leaf blade of the apricot germplasm resources; the second principal component reflected the traits related to the color of the leaf blade; and the third and the fourth principal components reflected the traits related to leaf blade shape and leaf blade serration ratio, respectively. The four dominant factors of leaf size, leaf color, leaf shape and average serration height can be used as the main phenotypic indexes for classification of apricot germplasm resources. Apricot germplasm resources were classified into 8 taxa based on cluster analysis. Taxon Ⅰ consisted of only 2 germplasm, Zao Dahuang and Chaoxianxing, which were in the large-leaved-cuneate category; Taxon Ⅱ and Ⅲ both consisted of 1 material, which was Huanna and Zhuolumuguxing, respectively; Taxon Ⅳ consisted of 18 germplasm, which were in the small-leaved-deep-green category; Taxon Ⅴ consisted of 1 Central Asian germplasm, which was in the Stella category; Taxon Ⅵ consisted of 1 material, which was in the large-leaved-cardinal category; Taxon VII consisted of 12 germplasm, which were in the large-leaved-truncate category; Taxon VIII was further classified into 6 subgroups. Taxon VII consists of 12 germplasm, which is large-leaved-truncate; Taxon VIII is further divided into six subgroups. In this study, based on the application of image recognition technology, we were able to rapidly evaluate the leaf morphology of apricot varieties and resources, and increase the length of the leaf tip, the depth of the leaf margin serration, and the position of the widest part of the leaf . These three leaf grading traits can be used as the basis for identifying different apricot varieties, which will be of certain reference value for the future evaluation of leaf morphology of China's apricot germplasm resources and varietal identification.
    Genetic Diversity Analysis and Core collection Construction of Sesame Germplasm in Jiangxi Province
    WANG Zhiqi, YAN Tingxian, YAN Xiaowen, LIANG Junchao, LE Meiwang, SUN Jian
    Available online:  November 15, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (0) [HTML] (0) [PDF 0.00 Byte] (4)
    Abstract:
    Analyze the diversity of phenotypic traits of sesame germplasm in Jiangxi, and obtain a reliable primary core germplasm population of sesame, providing theoretical basis and reference for promoting further identification, preservation, development and efficient utilization of sesame germplasm. We use 736 sesame germplasm from various counties and cities in Jiangxi Province as experimental materials, diversity analysis was conducted on 25 phenotypic traits; Using QGAstation2.0 software, we can select to construct the best plan for primary core germplasm; Perform mean T-test and variance F-test on multiple parameters of the original germplasm and core germplasm, and compare the eigenvalues, contribution rates, and cumulative contribution rates of the two populations through principal component analysis; On this basis, genotype data of 64 Ji"an germplasms (including 736 sesame germplasms) were obtained using 12 pairs of polymorphic markers. Polymorphism analysis, evaluation, and genetic similarity analysis were performed on 16 germplasms (including 110 core germplasms) and 64 germplasms using SSR markers. The results showed that 736 local sesame germplasm in Jiangxi Province had rich genetic diversity. The genetic diversity index (GDI) of phenotypic traits ranged from 0.5129 to 2.0833, and the GDI of quantitative traits (1.7140~2.0833) was overall higher than that of qualitative traits (0.5129~1.2028);the primary core germplasm constructed by multiple clustering priority sampling method+15% sampling ratio+variable class average method+Euclidean distance can well represent the diversity of the original germplasm population; The cumulative contribution rates of the original germplasm population and core germplasm are 80.533% and 82.631%, respectively, indicating that the primary core germplasm can explain more than 80% of the genetic information of the original germplasm population; the six polymorphic parameter values of the original germplasm population and the core germplasm population are basically similar, and there is no significant difference in the mean t-test (except for the number of observed alleles). At the same time, the genetic similarity between the two populations is basically similar. The 16 core germplasm preliminarily represent the genetic diversity of 64 Ji"an sesame germplasm, further indicating that the 110 core germplasm can represent the genetic diversity of 736 Jiangxi sesame germplasm resources to the maximum extent for preservation and utilization.
    Investigation and Analysis of Edible Bean Germplasm Resources in Jiangxi and Screening of Excellent Resources
    XIN Jia-jia, ZHANG Nan-feng, TU Yu-qin, ZHANG Yang, GUAN Feng, TANG Jie
    Available online:  November 15, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (0) [HTML] (0) [PDF 0.00 Byte] (3)
    Abstract:
    1307 local edible bean germplasm resources in Jiangxi were investigated and analyzed. The edible bean germplasm resources in Jiangxi were distributed in 89 counties ( cities and districts ) of 11 prefecture-level cities, among which Shangrao City, Yichun City, Ganzhou City, Jiujiang City, Ji 'an City and Fuzhou City had the largest number of resources. The distribution quantity of edible bean resources in Jiangxi decreased with the increase of altitude. he edible bean germplasm resources in Jiangxi Province cover 7 genera and 12 species. The cowpea resources have strong ecological adaptability, wide distribution area and the largest number. In addition to cowpea, the resources of mung bean, bean and adzuki bean are abundant in the low altitude areas of Jiangxi Province, and the resources of common bean and Lima bean are abundant in the middle and high altitude areas. The higher diversity index of edible beans in various cities is concentrated in the altitude of 0 ~ 500m ; cowpea, mung bean, rice bean and pea resources were abundant in Shangrao City, Yichun City, Jiujiang City, Ji 'an City and Pingxiang City. Cowpea and mung bean resources were abundant in Yingtan City, Xinyu City, Jingdezhen City and Nanchang City. Cowpea, bean and pea resources were abundant in Ganzhou City. Cowpea, rice bean and common bean resources were abundant in Fuzhou City. hrough phenotypic identification, the qualitative and quantitative traits of 449 cowpea resources with the largest number were analyzed. The diversity indexes of the eight quality traits were in the order of grain color > tender pod color > flower color > leaf shape > pod shape > mature pod color > grain shape > growth habit. The variation coefficients of pod length and 100-seed weight were the largest in quantitative traits, which had great potential for improvement. According to the comprehensive performance of agronomic traits, quality, resistance and yield, 30 excellent germplasm resources of different crop species were selected. These excellent germplasm resources of edible beans have great potential for excavation, which is of great significance for accelerating the innovative utilization of edible bean germplasm resources in Jiangxi.
    Standard Technical Regulation for Evaluating Drought Resistance of Rice Germplasm in the Field During Whole Growth Periods
    Zichao Li
    Available online:  November 15, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (5) [HTML] (0) [PDF 0.00 Byte] (27)
    Abstract:
    Accurate evaluation of drought resistance phenotype is the basis for mining drought resistance genes and exploring drought resistance genetics. At present, the method system for the evaluation of drought resistance of rice germplasm during whole growth periods in the field has not been reported. Based on many years of the evaluation and research of rice drought resistance in the field, the standard technical regulation for drought resistance evaluation in the field of rice germplasm during whole growth periods is formulated in this paper. It mainly includes application scope, land preparation, the methods of planting, watering, fertilization, weeding and harvest, and drought resistance evaluation index, so as to provide technical reference for drought resistance evaluation of rice germplasm during whole growth periods. The standard technical regulation is applicable to the evaluation of drought resistance during whole growth periods during the winter in Sanya City, Hainan Province (from mid-November to early-April of the next year).
    Whole-Genome Identification and Comparative Expression Analysis of Anthocyanin Biosynthetic Genes in?maize
    Li Shujun, Fu Zhongjun, Hao Yunxi, Yuan Liang, 祁志云
    Available online:  November 13, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240918001
    [Abstract] (0) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.92 M] (17)
    Abstract:
    Purple corn (Zea mays L.) contained a higher anthocyanins and other functional phytochemicals, and was widely used in function food and pharmaceutical industries, thereby ranked a higher economic benefits for the corn industry. To explore the regulatory mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in purple corn, 83 Zea mays anthocyanin biosynthetic genes (ZmABGs) were identified using bioinformatic approach, classified into 5 groups byphylogenetic tree, which were widely and randomly distributed in 10 chromosomeins. Cis-acting elements analysis of ZmABGs in the promoter region indicated that the potential role of ZmABGs involved in hormone signaling pathways and responsive to different stress.. In addition, more ZmABGs genes were expressed in pollinated organ samples than un- pollinated organ samples, especially for corn pericarp through expression analysis of different tissues. qRT-PCR showed that the upregulation of?regulatory genes (ZmPAP1-b and ZmLDB38-a)?together with its target structure genes (such as ZmF3H-b, ZmDFR-b, ZmCHS-b, ZmF3’H, ZmPAL1-b, ZmPAL1-l and Zm4CH-c) might promote the anthocyanin accumulation in?Zi2-1 at early stages (10–34 days), while the down-regulation of those ZmABGs at late developmental stages (34–46?days). Taken together, our results gain insight into better understanding of the genetic mechanisms and regulatory network of anthocyanin accumulation in?maize, and providing a theoretical basis for promoting the breeding of high anthocyanin maize varieties.
    QTL Mapping for Heat Tolerance at Heading Stage Based on High Density Genetic Maps in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
    liujin
    Available online:  November 12, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20241007002
    [Abstract] (2) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.13 M] (23)
    Abstract:
    With the increasing global warming, high temperature seriously threatens rice production and food security. Identifying heat-tolerant genes and cultivating new heat-resistant varieties are crucial approaches to deal with the harm of high temperature. A set of RIL population, derived from the cross between the heat-sensitive variety Junambyeo(JNB) and the strong heat-tolerant variety Ganzaoxian58(GZX58), identified the heat tolerance related traits and QTL at heading stage under extreme natural high-temperature conditions based on high-density genetic map.Under high-temperature stress, seed setting rate was significantly reduced, which is significantly correlated with the control seed setting rate and heat resistance coefficient. The RIL population''s seed-setting rates under high temperature showed a continuous and approximately normal distribution, exhibiting highly significant correlations with control seed-setting rates and heat tolerance coefficients.Six QTL were detected for spikelet number, filled grain number and seed setting rate under control environment, five heat tolerance QTL were detected under high temperature stress, including qHTSF4, qHTSFII4, qHTC2, qHTC4 and qHTC6, among these QTLs qHTSFI4, qHTSFII4 and qHTC4 were located in the same chromosome region, forming a major QTL cluster qHTH4. Utilizing high-density genetic map, extreme lines genotype and bioinformatics, it was confirmed that qHTC2, qHTH4 and qHTC6 function in regulating heat tolerance and had additive effects, in here, the RIL lines that aggregated more than two major QTL had significantly enhanced heat resistance, and then 14 directly related gene were screened in the key QTL mapping target regions, which laid the foundation for the genetic improvement of heat tolerance and molecular mechanism analysis of key genes in rice.
    Research progress of MYB regulated target genes involved in response to heavy metal stress
    HE Rui, XING Wang, LIU Dali, LU Zhenqiang
    Available online:  November 12, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (2) [HTML] (0) [PDF 829.78 K] (20)
    Abstract:
    Heavy metals, such as cadmium, are increasingly polluting soil, and they not only interfere with the life cycle of plants, but also reduce crop yields and even lead to plant death. Consequently, plants have evolved a series of defense mechanisms to resist heavy metal stress for themselves. Plant transcription factor MYB is a key regulator under stress, which can be co-regulated with downstream target genes in response to heavy metal stress, thus conferring tolerance to heavy metals and reducing their damage to plants. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which plants cope with heavy metal stress (especially cadmium stress) is a primary goal of plant biotechnology research and agricultural breeding. In this paper, we mainly review five aspects, namely, identification and characteristics of MYB family members, functions and the mechanism of regulating target genes, how MYB regulates target genes to participate in heavy metal stress response through photosynthesis and hormones, etc. And we will deeply discuss that, in the adaptive mechanism of plants to heavy metal stress, MYB transcription factors combine with target genes or promoter elements through signaling pathways (reactive oxygen species homeostasis, abscisic acid signaling, gibberellins signaling, photosynthesis, etc.), which are involved in the regulation of uptake, transport and sequestration of heavy metals in plants. This paper provides a certain theoretical basis for further development and utilization of MYB transcription factors.
    Genetic Diversity Analysis of Phenotypic Traits in Ardisia crenata Germplasm Resources
    罗小婷, 廖柏林, 张盛钟, 张森行, 蔡邦平
    Available online:  November 12, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (1) [HTML] (0) [PDF 0.00 Byte] (16)
    Abstract:
    To explore the phenotypic diversity of A. crenata germplasm resources, 32 phenotypic traits of 56 A. crenata germplasm resources were analyzed. Diversity analyses showed that 56 A. crenata germplasm had enriched variation, with the Shannon-Wiener indices of 18 qualitative traits varying from 0.3 to 1.247, with a mean value of 0.734, and 14 quantitative traits with Shannon-Wiener indices ranging from 1.931 to 2.071, with a mean value of 2.007, and coefficients of variation 8.98%-46.32%, mean value 23.3%. The results of the correlation analysis showed that the correlation of the color of fruiting branch parts was significant, and there was a highly significant correlation between the growth quantity traits of the main stem and fruiting branches. Principal component analysis indicated that eight principal components with a cumulative contribution of 76.34%, mainly plant and fruiting branch length, fruit and leaf color, were the main factors for phenotypic differences in A. crenata germplasm; five excellent germplasm resources of A. crenata with high composite scores were obtained by screening. Cluster analysis could classify the 56 A. crenata germplasm into six taxa, and there were large differences in phenotypic traits among different taxa. The abundant phenotypic diversity and varietal types provide a basis for the selection, development, and utilization of superior germplasm resources of A. crenata.
    Diversity Analysis of Floral Organ Phenotypic Traits in Tulipa gesneriana L.
    QI Meili, Yao Yulong, QIN Douwen, JU Xiuting
    Available online:  November 12, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (2) [HTML] (0) [PDF 0.00 Byte] (19)
    Abstract:
    To explore the diversity of floral organ phenotypic traits in tulip germplasm resources, 60 tulip cultivars were used as experimental materials. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were performed on 9 floral organ phenotypic traits to study the genetic diversity of their floral organ phenotypic traits, providing reference for the evaluation, identification, and utilization of tulip germplasm resources. The results showed that there were varying degrees of differences in 5 quantitative traits (corolla longitudinal diameter, corolla transverse diameter, stigma length, stigma circumference, and stigma diameter) and 4 quality traits (corolla main color, pollen color, stigma shape, and initial flowering period). The coefficient of variation of corolla longitudinal diameter is 19.35%, and the coefficient of variation of corolla transverse diameter is 23.41%. The range of variation between cultivars is relatively large, and the degree of dispersion is relatively high. However, in terms of stigma length, circumference, and diameter, the range of variation is small, and the distribution is concentrated and the degree of dispersion is relatively low. 91.67% of the tested varieties have a triangular prism shaped stigma, and 5 cultivars exhibit variation in stigma shape. According to the observation of the initial flowering period, the proportions of early flowering, middle flowering, and late flowering in the tested cultivars are 20%, 38%, and 12%, respectively. Principal component analysis extracted 5 principal components that can reflect the phenotypic traits of tulip flower organs, with a cumulative contribution rate of 85.179%. By constructing a comprehensive evaluation model for the phenotypic traits of tulips, a total of 12 cultivars were found to have a comprehensive score (>0.5). Among them, 'Candy Prince' and 'Foxy Foxtrot' scored the highest, belonging to the two pink mid flowering cultivars. The stigma was long and thick, and the comprehensive traits of the flower organs were excellent. Principal component clustering analysis was conducted on 9 phenotypic traits of flower organs in 60 tulip cultivars, which can be divided into 4 categories. The 51 cultivars in the first category are mainly tulip cultivars with larger and more colorful flower types, thicker stigma, and excellent comprehensive performance of flower organ traits; The second type is only one variety of 'Purple Dream', characterized by a slender corolla and thick and long stigma in the floral organs; The third category gathers 6 cultivars with short stigma and average comprehensive performance of floral organ traits; The fourth type is two cultivars with variations in stigma shape. The research results can provide support for the classification of tulip cultivars and the evolution of their phylogenetic relationships from a morphological perspective, and provide reference basis for further development of excellent floral organ ornamental traits, germplasm innovation, and variety improvement of tulips.
    Genetic analysis and molecular mapping of powdery mildew resistance genes of Siyuehuang, a local wheat variety in Shanxi Province
    NIU Huizhen, REN Yongkang, TANG Chaohui, ZHANG Xiaojun, NIU Yuqi
    Available online:  November 12, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (5) [HTML] (0) [PDF 0.00 Byte] (22)
    Abstract:
    Wheat powdery mildew is a fungal disease that impacts severely on production of wheat. Identification of wheat disease-resistant germplasm and exploiting of wheat powdery mildew resistance gene from existing resources is required for sustainable improvement in disease resistance. In this study, a local wheat variety Siyuehuang with resistance to powdery mildew was identified from wheat germplasm resources in Shanxi Province. The genetic populations of Siyuehuang crossed with the powdery mildew susceptible cultivars Jinmai47 was developed to identify and analyze by artificial inoculation of single species at seedling stage. The resistance gene carried from Siyuehuang was mapped by BSA(bulked segregant analysis) and 90K SNP(single nucleotide polymorphism) chip scanning. The results showed that the resistance of Siyuehuang to wheat powdery mildew was controlled by a pair of dominant nuclear genes, and the inheritance pattern was in accordance with Mendelian inheritance law, temporarily named PmSYH. SNP microarray results showed that polymorphic SNP markers were mainly concentrated in the 110 ~ 140 Mb segment of the short arm of wheat chromosome 7D. SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats) molecular markers were developed in this genomic section, and linkage screening was performed by using resistant subpopulation and susceptible subpopulation. Six SSR markers linked to PmSYH were obtained, and the F2 population of Jinmai 47 / Siyuehuang was genotyped using these 6 SSR markers. Finally, the Powdery mildew Resistant gene PmSYH was mapped in the physical section 132.57 Mb ~ 137.47 Mb on the short arm of wheat chromosome 7D. The flanking marker were Sxau7DS-37 and Sxau7DS-48 with genetic distances 1.8cM and 3.1cM, respectively. Compared with other genes on wheat chromosome 7D, PmSYH is a new powdery mildew resistant gene. This study enriched wheat powdery mildew resistance gene resources, which has a certain value for the improvement of wheat powdery mildew in the northern winter wheat region.
    Identification of salt tolerance in rice core germplasm and development and application of molecular markers
    世壮 王, NIE Ya-min, HUANG Jing-fen, ZHANG Qiao-ling, ZHENG Chongke, XIE Xianzhi, WANG Yan-yan, XING Meng, CHEN Wen-xi, CHEN Zi-yi, ZHENG Xiaoming, WANG Wen-sheng, YANG Qing-wen, QIAO Wei-hua
    Available online:  November 08, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240602001
    [Abstract] (68) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.16 M] (1081)
    Abstract:
    Rice is a salt sensitive plant, and soil salinization has a significant impact on rice yield. Therefore, exploring excellent haplotypes of salt tolerant genes and creating excellent salt tolerant germplasm are of great significance for rice breeding. This study firstly identified 236 core germplasm samples from the 3K rice database for salt tolerance investigation during seedling stage and whole growth period in the field. A strong salt tolerant germplasm ''71011'' from Australia was identified. This germplasm survived for 25.5 days and had a salt tolerance level of 5.2 under 150mM NaCl treatment conditions, 100% survival rate under 0.3-0.5% salt treatment in the paddy field. Using the 236 core germplasm population, haplotype analysis was conducted on 20 reported salt tolerance genes. A total of 8 genes, including AKT1, CPK12, MYB48, P5CS1, SIK1, SKC1, SNAC1, and HKT1, was identified that had haplotypes associated with salt tolerance. Then, one salt tolerant rice variety ‘Yanfeng 47’ and one normal variety ‘Nongken 57’ were selected as parents for recombinant inbred lines construction. Finally, three molecular markers were designed for elite haplotypes of three genes, AKT1, MYB48, and HKT1. These molecular markers were confirmed by PCR and qRT-PCR. We innovated three high salt tolerance lines by aggregating elite haplotypes of salt tolerant genes by molecular marker assistance breeding. Our results provided available germplasm resources, molecular markers and innovative lines for breeding new salt-tolerant rice varieties.
    Genetic Diversity Study of Peanut Germplsam Resources on Phenotypic Traits in High Latitude
    玉发 玉 李, LI Shufang, WANG Wei, NIU Hailong, LIU Hongxin, LI Weitang, Xiaoxia, Chen Min
    Available online:  November 08, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (1) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.42 M] (30)
    Abstract:
    In order to understand genetic diversity of phenotypic traits of peanut germplasm resources in high latitude and improve their comprehensive utilization efficiency,226 peanut germplasm resources were selected as test materials.19 phenotypic traits were evaluated by coefficient of variation(CV )、Shannon-weaver index(H′)、cluster analysis and so on .The results showed as follows ①The CV ranged from 2.90% to 34.07%,and the H′ranged from 1.237 to 2.077; the CV of sucrose content was the largest (34.07%),and the H′ of pod length was the largest(2.077).② The results of correlation analysis showed that 70 correlation coefficients reached significant or extremely significant level.Principal component analysis revealed that the cumulative contribution rate was 82.222% in the first 7 principal components ,it indicating that these 7 principal components represented 82.222% of the genetic information .Cluster analysis suggested that all those germplasm were divided into 3 categories, group I contained 14 materials, the central feature was the higher content of oleic acid,reducing sugar,soluble sugar,sucrose and total sugar.30 germplasms were included in groupⅡ,its major characteristic was the largest mean of 12 traits, such as number of branches with pods,height of main stem and oil conten.Group Ⅲ contained 182 germplasms, and the CV of 13 traits were the highest in all 3 groups,and contained rich germplsam type.③H′ were different in 3 germplasm types,The all H′ of landraces were smaller than lines,and the H′ of those 17 traits were smaller than breeding varieties,indicating that the genetic diversity of landraces was not rich.④The study on germplasm diversity of different sample source showed that the distribution of the trait data was more concentrated from Hebei germplasm resources ,the H′ was the smaller. while that of Shandong and Liaoning germplasm resources was higher.⑤The fuzzy membership function was used to
    Investigation and Population Status of Begonia Germplasm Resources in Western Guangxi
    陶大燕, 关世凯, 周锦业, 闫海霞, 宋倩, 郎校安
    Available online:  November 08, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (3) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.29 M] (28)
    Abstract:
    China is one of the important distribution centers for Begonia in the world, with the karst mountain regions of western Guangxi representing the epicenter, particularly for sect. Coelocentrum. The overall distribution is defined by a myriad of species, diminutive populations, fragmented habitats, and delicate ecosystems. In recent years, the human activities have increasingly interfered with the habitats of wild Begonia populations. In order to further understand the distribution characteristics and population status of Begonia in western Guangxi, wild Begonia resources in Chongzuo, Baise and Hechi in western Guangxi were investigated from 2017 to 2022, involvcluding 66 Begonia species (53 officially published species or subspecies and 13 suspected new species) across nearly 140 wild populations. The habitats and growth conditions of various populations were mainly investigated and recorded while the literature and herbarium specimens were also analyzed. The findings indicate that most wild populations were in good condition of growth and regeneration, however, human activities, especially infrastructure development, tourism expansion, and unregulated harvesting, pose threats to some wild populations of Begonia, pushing a few to the brink of extinction. The resources of Begonia in western Guangxi are extremely rich and include some species yet to be discovered or published., and there are many taxa with high ornamental value and development potential, especially sect. Coelocentrum. Based on the investigation of the distribution and growth of wild Begonia resources in western Guangxi, this study summarized the overall distribution characteristics and diversity of the resources, and put forward suggestions on how to further develop and utilize of these resources while ensuring their protection.
    Genetic Diversity Analysis of Black Rice Germplasm Resources Based on SCoT Markers
    LIU Kexin, ZHANG Xiaojuan, ZHANG Weiping, LI Xinsheng, WU Shenghua, MA Xiuqi
    Available online:  November 08, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240412001
    [Abstract] (1) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1005.95 K] (76)
    Abstract:
    To reveal the genetic background of black rice materials and clarify the genetic relationship between the materials, the genetic diversity of 90 rice materials (including 21 black leaf black rice, 24 purple leaf black rice, 30 green leaf black rice, and 15 white rice) were analyzed by using 30 SCoT primers screened in the laboratory. The results showed that a total of 194 bands were amplified by SCoT primers, including 165 polymorphic bands, and the proportion of polymorphisms was 85%. The average values of allele number (Na), effective allele number (Ne), Nei’s gene diversity index (H) and Shannon’s information index (I) were 1.9216, 1.3922, 0.2445 and 0.3836, respectively. The genetic similarity coefficients of the tested rice germplasms were 0.3798 to 0.9697. The results of cluster analysis showed that at a genetic similarity coefficient of 0.73, the 90 rice materials were clustered into four groups. The results of population structure analysis and cluster analysis were in good agreement. This study provides a reference for parental selection in black rice crossbreeding, and a theoretical basis for genetic improvement and cultivation of new varieties of black rice varieties.
    Fine mapping of the etiolation mutant gene Zmet 9 in maize
    LI Yong-Sheng, WANG Xiao-Juan, LIAN Xiao-Rong, LIANG Gen-Sheng, HE Hai-Jun, YANG Yan-Zhong, ZHOU Wen-Qi, DONG Xiao-Yun, ZHOU Yu-Qian, LIU Zhong-Xiang
    Available online:  November 08, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240509001
    [Abstract] (9) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.10 M] (77)
    Abstract:
    Photosynthesis is the basis for plant survival. Leaf color mutants are often accompanied by abnormal chloroplast structure and blocked photosynthetic pigment synthesis. Therefore, the study of leaf color mutants can provide experimental data and theoretical support for photosynthesis and photomorphogenesis. In this study, maize etiolation mutant et9 (etiolation 9), which was screened from maize inbred line PH6WC by 2.48Gy fast neutron irradiation, was used as the material. Through phenotypic identification, determination of chlorophyll content in leaves, microscopic observation of chloroplast structure and analysis of photosynthetic characteristics, et9 plant height and panicle height were significantly lower than those of the wild type, and the flag leaf length, flag leaf width and the third leaf width were significantly reduced. The tasseling, pollen shedding and silking stages were delayed by 10-12 days compared with the wild type. The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll were obviously lower than those of wild type. The chloroplast structure is loose, the distribution of thylakoids is chaotic, and the number of basal grains is small; Compared with the wild type, the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate decreased significantly, while the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration increased significantly. The chloroplast fluorescence parameters were significantly lower than those of the wild type except for photochemical quenching. Genetic pattern analysis revealed that the yellowing phenotype was controlled by a nuclear recessive gene, named Zmet9 (Zea mays etiolation 9). The F2 segregating population was constructed by crossing it with maize inbred line B73, and the mutation site was preliminarily located in the 2 Mb region of 20 - 22 Mb on chromosome 9 of maize using the BSR-seq method. Four pairs of KASP markers and two pairs of InDel markers were further developed in the initial mapping interval, and about 1100 mutant phenotypic plants were used for fine mapping. Finally, Zmet9 was finely mapped to a region of about 160 kb between KASP19 and 2040 on chromosome 9 of maize. This interval contains five candidate genes, of which Zm00001d045384 encodes an iron superoxide dismutase, and the leaf color bleaching phenotype occurs after the mutation of homologous genes FSD2 and FSD3 in Arabidopsis. We speculate that Zm00001d045384 may be a candidate gene for Zmet9.
    Analysis Characteristics of Excellent Crop Germplasm Resources in Shaanxi Based on the Farmers’ Cognition
    高飞 , JI Wan-quan, GAO Ai-nong
    Available online:  November 08, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (1) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.10 M] (72)
    Abstract:
    Abstract: Based on the farmers'' cognition and survey data, this article analyzed the Shaanxi excellent resources, which from the third national-wide agricultural germplasm survey. It was found that the crop types were mainly vegetables crops and fruit, followed by food crops, and the crop species were mainly common bulk crops. The mainly characteristics are excellent quality, good appearance and strong adaptability. Among the excellent traits, taste traits are the most concerned by farmers, followed by appearance and resistance. The distribution of fruit crops and vegetables is more in Guanzhong region, and food crops is more in southern Shaanxi region. The distribution of crop species is influenced by both natural and human environment. Farmers'' cognition can truly reflect farmers'' subjective needs, selection results, and selection strategies or experiences. It is found that high quality is the main demand for farmers'' preserving resources, followed by appearance and adaptability factors. The direction of selection may be to solve prominent problems, and on this basis, other needs should be taken into account.Priority is give to quality, appearance and adaptability needs, which makes the main needs and corresponding main excellent traits and secondary needs and their excellent traits have a greater correlation. The role of artificial selection is obvious.Therefore, the formation of Shaanxi resources is influenced by both natural and artificial selection, and the natural environment makes the result of artificial selection results rich and colorful, but under the leading role of artificial selection, excellent germplasm resources with Shaanxi characteristics are finally formed. The protection and utilization of Shaanxi excellent resource should fully consider the characteristics of resource distribution,focus on exploitation of resource value,and gradually improve the resource protection and utilization system through establishing reasonable benefit mechanisms and management mechanisms.
    Identification and Evaluation of Rice Germplasm Resources Collected in the Third Rice Census in Hunan Province
    SONG Gencai, DUAN Yonghong, YANG Tianming, DENG Jing, YU Yaying, YANG Biaoren, HUANG Fenglin
    Available online:  November 08, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240816003
    [Abstract] (21) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.27 M] (76)
    Abstract:
    The main agronomic traits and disease resistance identification of rice germplasm resources collected in the third general survey and collection action of crop germplasm resources in Hunan Province ( hereinafter referred to as the third general survey of Hunan Province ) were evaluated. The results showed that the rice germplasm resources collected in the third general survey of Hunan Province were divided into indica subspecies and japonica subspecies, mainly indica subspecies. The proportions of sticky rice and waxy rice were close, which were 53.8 % and 46.2 %, respectively. There are 41 germplasm resources of red rice, black rice, purple rice, green rice and brown rice. The rice germplasm resources collected in the third general survey of Hunan Province are rich in genetic variation, most of which are lodging resistance, moderate stem angle, erect flag leaf, yellow glume tip, yellow glume, no awn, and most of the grain shapes are medium-long. Fourteen excellent germplasm resources with suitable growth period and plant height, high seed setting rate and strong disease resistance, large panicle and more grains and suitable 1000-grain weight were identified. At the same time, 13 excellent waxy rice germplasm resources and 20 colored functional rice germplasm resources were screened. The above excellent rice germplasm resources will provide an important material basis for basic research and new variety breeding.
    Quality Characteristics Diversity of Wheat Germplasm Resources in Henan Province
    昝香存, 常莹莹, 董海滨, 张煜, 陈弯, 齐学礼
    Available online:  October 30, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240318001
    [Abstract] (6) [HTML] (0) [PDF 706.51 K] (52)
    Abstract:
    In order to improve the utilization efficiency of wheat germplasm resources in China, broaden the genetic basis of wheat germplasm resources, and screen excellent breeding parent resources, 607 wheat germplasm were used as materials, and 13 quality trait indicators of the tested wheat germplasm were comprehensively evaluated using methods such as coefficient of variation, correlation analysis, and cluster analysis. The results showed that there was rich variation in 13 quality traits among different wheat germplasm resources, with a coefficient of variation ranging from 2.28% to 79.65%. Among them, the coefficient of variation was the highest for dough stability time, and the dispersion of the peak time for gelatinization characteristic indicators was the lowest. Moreover, germplasm after 2000 had a greater degree of dispersion among multiple personality traits.Compared with germplasm from different generations, the protein content and wet gluten content of flour showed a significant decrease trend, with local varieties> varieties from 1949 to 2000 > varieties after 2000, while the indexes such as gluten index, developing time and stability time, which reflect the strength of gluten, showed a significant increase trend with the passing of time.The peak viscosity and breakdown values were the highest in germplasm from 1949 to 2000, followed by local varieties, and the third was after 2000. Correlation analysis shows that there is varying degrees of correlation between the 13 quality indicators, and protein content, wet gluten content, and peak viscosity are correlated with multiple other indicators, which can be used as guiding target traits for wheat variety breeding. System clustering analysis divides wheat germplasm into 6 categories, and there are certain differences in quality traits among different groups, each with its unique characteristics; The Ⅲ group has characteristics such as low flour water absorption and low gluten index; The Ⅳ type has the characteristics of high protein content, high wet gluten content, and high peak viscosity. At the same time, eight germplasms with protein content, wet gluten content, and stable time meeting the strong gluten standard were identified, and one germplasm meeting the weak gluten standard was also identified. The relevant results provide important reference and theoretical basis for the utilization of wheat germplasm resources and the breeding of high-quality varieties in China.
    Investigation and Collection of Wild Buckwheat Resources in Sichuan Region of China
    Meiqi Chen, Meiqi Chen, DING Zi-qi, ZHOU Min, DING Bing-ru, WU Yi-yang, TANG Yu, WANG Tao, LI Qing-feng, BU Tong-liang, TANG Zi-zhong, Li chenglei, Wu qi, Wang jun zhen, Zhang kai xuan, Zhou mei liang, CHEN Hui
    Available online:  October 30, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240326001
    [Abstract] (5) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.56 M] (46)
    Abstract:
    To clarify the distribution and population size of buckwheat germplasm resources in Sichuan, in 2022-2023, the Wild Buckwheat Resource Survey Team conducted a systematic survey and collection of resources in Sichuan. We conducted a survey and collection of wild buckwheat resources in Sichuan, the survey area is mainly for the northwest Sichuan Province, southwest Sichuan Province and the Sichuan Basin of the Chengdu Plain, Sichuan Hills, in 30 counties (districts) within the wild buckwheat survey and collection of work. We collected a total of 156 wild plant germplasm resources of the genus buckwheat (103 F. cymosum (Trevir.) Meisn., 23 F. tataricum subsp. potanini, 3 F. esculentum subsp. ancestrale, 17 F. gracilipes (Hemsl.) Dammer. ex Diels, 5 F. leptopodum (Diels) Hedberg, 2 F. caudatum (Sam.) A. J. Li, 2 F. macrocarpum Ohsako et Ohnishi, 1 F. rubifolium Ohsako et Ohnishi). Extensive genetic variation exists among wild buckwheat resources from different habitats.
    Accurate Identification of Salt Tolerance in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Germplasm Resources during Seedling Stage and Exploration of Salt Tolerant Germplasm
    ZHANGYIN
    Available online:  October 29, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (6) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.62 M] (48)
    Abstract:
    【Objective】Due to the shortage of arable land in China, establishing an accurate and reliable method for identifying salt tolerance in sesame seedlings is beneficial for discovering salt tolerant varieties and salt tolerant related genes, facilitating large-scale salt tolerance identification of sesame, and promoting the production process of sesame saline alkali land. 【Method】 28 sesame germplasms with significant differences in salt tolerance were used as materials. After being cultivated with clean water until the seedling stage, they grew under different concentrations of NaCl (0, 70, 140, 210, 280, and 350 mmol/L) stress. After a period of time, their plant height, fresh weight, electrical conductivity, dry weight, and other indicators were measured. Variance analysis, principal component analysis, and membership function analysis were performed on the relative indicator values, Screening suitable NaCl concentration and measurement indicators for salt tolerance identification and evaluation during sesame seedling stage. Afterwards, a 210 mmol/L NaCl solution was used as the treatment concentration, and relative fresh weight and relative plant height were used as measurement indicators to identify the salt tolerance of 239 sesame core germplasm during the seedling stage. The correlation analysis between the identification results and whether the germplasm source belongs to saline alkali land was conducted. 【Result】 Statistics and analysis of variance were conducted on the various indicators of 28 materials under different concentrations of NaCl stress. The optimal stress concentration for identifying salt tolerance in sesame seedlings was 210 mmol/L. Through principal component analysis and membership function analysis, the salt tolerance coefficients of 6 agronomic traits can be transformed into comprehensive evaluation D values of salt tolerance, mainly based on relative plant height and relative fresh weight. By using regression analysis method to establish a regression equation between the D value and the salt tolerance coefficients of seven traits: D=-0.171+1.081 * relative fresh weight+0.253 * relative plant height. Relative fresh weight value was used to classify the salt tolerance levels of sesame seedlings into five levels: high salt tolerance, salt tolerance, intermediate type, salt sensitive, and salt extremely sensitive. Five high salt tolerant varieties were screened out from 239 materials for salt tolerance identification during the seedling stage. The correlation analysis between salt tolerance identification results and germplasm sources showed that salt tolerance of sesame varieties in different geographical locations was significantly positively correlated with the degree of soil salinization in the area, providing materials for subsequent analysis of salt gene family evolution in sesame germplasm. 【Conclusion】 The optimal NaCl stress concentration for salt tolerance identification in sesame seedlings is 210mmol/L, and six indicators such as relative fresh weight can be used as suitable evaluation indicators; Five high salt tolerant varieties were identified, and 239 materials showed a significant positive correlation between salt tolerance and source.
    Evaluation of Resistant to Brown Rot in Peach Fruits for 150 Peach Germplasm Resources
    薛璐, 王力荣, 方伟超, 杨英军, 李勇
    Available online:  October 29, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (6) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.74 M] (47)
    Abstract:
    Monilinia fructicola is the dominant species causing peach brown rot in China. It mainly damages the fruits at the maturity. The fruits near the maturity and during the storage were the most seriously damaged, which can cause a large number of rotten fruits and fruit drops. Infected fruits can not only infect each other in the orchard but also continue to infect diseases during storage and transportation, causing significant losses in yield. So, it is of great significance to screen peach brown rot resistant resources and provide parents with excellent resistance for breeding resistant germplasm. In 2022-2023, peach fruits with a maturity of 8.0-8.5 were collected from Zhengzhou Peach Orchard in the National Horticultural Germplasm Resource Center for artificial inoculation and screening. There were 150 non-destructive inoculated fruit germplasm collections and 37 destructive inoculated fruit germplasm collections. To evaluate the percentage growth of infected fruits per day (PGIF, %) of non-destructively inoculated fruits and lesion diameter growth rate (LDGR, cm·d-1) of destructively inoculated fruits. A 9-grade resistance evaluation system was established with the average value and 0.5 standard deviations. The resistance of different germplasm, flesh texture, fruit types, and origin were compared, and the correlation between resistance indexes and other fruit characters was analyzed. PGIF by non-destructive inoculation was (7.68±5.35)%, and the CV value was 3.73. Based on this standard, a 9-grade resistance evaluation system was established. Grade 1: ≥0, <0.98, including 11 accessions resistant to fruit brown rot. Grade 2: ≥0.98, <3.66, including 34 accessions. Grade 3: ≥3.66, <6.34, including 28 accessions. Grade 4: ≥6.34, <9.02, including 21 accessions. Grade 5: ≥9.02, <11.70, including 20 accessions. Grade 6: ≥11.70, <14.38, including 14 accessions. Grade 7: ≥14.38, <17.06, including 16 accessions. Grade 8: ≥17.06, <19.74, including 4 accessions, and Grade 9: ≥19.74, including only 2 accessions. LDGR was (0.82±0.26) cm·d-1, and the CV value was 0.09. Based on this standard, a 9-grade evaluation system was established. Grade 1: ≥0, <0.36, including 1 accession with strong resistance. Grade 2: ≥0.36, <0.49, including 3 accessions. Grade 3: ≥0.49, <0.62, including 5 accessions. Grade 4: ≥0.62, <0.75, including 5 accessions. Grade 5: ≥0.75, <0.89, including 7 accessions. Grade 6: ≥0.89, <1.02, including 8 accessions. Grade 7: ≥1.02, <1.15, including 5 accessions. Grade 8: ≥1.15, <1.28, including 2 accessions, and Grade 9: ≥1.28, including only 1 accession. The regression relationship between PGIF (Y) and LDGR (X) was y=3.09+7.91x(R2=0.130), and the lower R2 value indicates that the two resistance evaluation indexes have a nonlinear regression relationship. The comparative results of peach brown rot resistance were grouped according to germplasm, flesh texture, fruit types, and origin, were as follows. It was found that, under the condition of non-destructive inoculation, landraces were more resistant to brown rot than cultivars, flat peach and peaches were more resistant to brown rot than nectarine and flat nectarine, and none-melting peach are more resistant to brown rot than hard-melting and soft-melting peach accessions. The LDGR was negatively correlated with fruit acidity (r=-0.43, p<0.05), and the PGIF was negatively correlated with fruit hardness (r=-0.36, p<0.05). A 9-level evaluation system for brown rot resistance was established, and 11 accessions resistant to the fungus invasion and 1 accession resistant to the fungus expansion were screened out by non-destructive and destructive inoculation methods, respectively.
    Salt tolerance Identification and GWAS Analysis of Shanxi foxtail millet during germination stage
    Qin Huibin, 任觐, 商春悦, 王海岗, 穆志新
    Available online:  October 29, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (10) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.41 M] (52)
    Abstract:
    In order to study the salt tolerance of Shanxi foxtail millet during germination, to screen candidate genes related to salt tolerance of foxtail millet, and to understand the genetic mechanism of traits related to germination of foxtail millet seeds under salt stress, a total of 333 Shanxi core germplasm was selected for the identification of salt tolerance of foxtail millet during germination. This experiment selected 333 Shanxi core germplasm to study the salt tolerance of Shanxi foxtail millet during the germination stage and to screen for salt-tolerant germplasm materials. A stress of 170 mmol/L NaCl was applied in a light culture room to assess the salt tolerance of the cereals during germination. The subordinate function value method was used to classify the salt tolerance grade of cereals, and the comprehensive evaluation D value of five related traits, namely, relative germination potential, relative germination rate, relative root length, relative shoot length, and relative germination index, was used to evaluate the salt tolerance of cereals at the germination stage. Combined with the results of core germplasm resequencing, the genome-wide association analysis of salt tolerance at germination stage was carried out. The results showed that the salt tolerance of the core germplasm of the test cereals varied significantly, and the salt tolerance of the 333 core germplasm of the cereals was classified into five categories using the comprehensive evaluation D-value, among which there were 17 high salt-tolerant germplasm. Genome-wide association analysis detected a total of 84 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci associated with salt tolerance during emergence. Functional annotation was performed on the genes where the significantly associated SNPs were located, and the analysis screened for the salt tolerance candidate gene Millet_GLEAN_10019153, which was associated with emergence, and haplotyped the gene. The results of this study have certain reference significance for the identification of salt-tolerant cereal germplasm and the mining of salt-tolerant genes.
    Progress in the study of response mechanism of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim to low temperature stress
    YANG Ying, ZHANG Lingling, LIANG Huaru, WU Xiuqiao, WEI Lijuan, LIU Yiqing
    Available online:  October 29, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (3) [HTML] (0) [PDF 854.38 K] (83)
    Abstract:
    Pepper (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.) is an important economic crop, integrating flavoring, medicine, oil extraction and ornamental, which has a long history and is widely planted in China. China is the origin of pepper and has found 45 species, 13 varieties, rich resources. Pepper like sunshine and have strong survival ability. However, pepper makes the cultivation and promotion of the limitations for its relatively poor low temperature resistance. Low temperature is the main environmental factor, which seriously affects the yield and quality of pepper and impedes the sustainable development of pepper industry. In this paper, we reviewed the current research status at home and abroad from four aspects, including the growth morphology, evaluation of cold tolerance, physiological and biochemical changes, and molecular response mechanism of pepper. The results showed that there are two methods to characterize the low-temperature tolerance of pepper: natural identification in the field and indoor low-temperature treatment. Related studies on physiological changes in pepper mainly focused on four aspects: water content, biofilm structure (relative conductivity, MDA), antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD) and osmotic regulating substances (soluble sugars, soluble proteins, free proline); the exploration of molecular response mechanisms in pepper has revealed multiple metabolic pathways that work together in response to low-temperature stress in pepper. Finally, this paper analyzes and looks forward to the current research direction of pepper in response to low-temperature stress, in order to lay a foundation for further identification and evaluation of Zanthoxylum Zanthoxylum germplasm resources, research on cold resistance and the creation and cultivation of cold resistant germplasm.
    Identification and Evaluation Agronomic Characters and Late Leaf Spot Resistance of 120 Peanut Germplasm Resources
    Wang Yang, Du Qing, 杨欢, 毛金雄, 雷永, 夏友霖
    Available online:  October 24, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (5) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.84 M] (61)
    Abstract:
    To address the breeding needs of peanuts for higher yield and resistance to late leaf spot disease, 120 peanut germplasm resources were selected from the germplasm bank of Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Sciences for identification and evaluation. A phenotypic survey was conducted on 16 traits, and descriptive statistical results showed that the coefficients of variation of traits ranged from 7.40% to 47.65%. The variation coefficient of branch number, full pod number per plant, pod number per plant and yield per plant is larger, while the variation coefficient of the related traits of pod size and grain size is smaller. Correlation analysis indicated a negative correlation between pod number and fruit weight, as well as between late leaf spot grade and lateral branch length and branch number. Principal component analysis categorized 16 traits into five principal components, with a cumulative contribution rate of 85.013%. The germplasm was divided into four groups by cluster analysis, the large pod group Ⅰ and Ⅱ, and the small and medium pod group Ⅲ and Ⅳ. A comprehensive score is constructed based on the contribution weights of five principal components, the top 10 germplasm resources with the highest comprehensive scores were selected, including ICGV88938 , which exihibited high yield and resistance to late leaf spot disease, four germplasm resources resistant to late spot disease were screened in a natural disease nursery. This study identified and evaluated 16 agronomic traits across 120 germplasm resources, thus providing valuable breeding materials and a theoretical foundation for future peanut variety improvement.
    Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Drought Tolerance in Brassica Napus During Germination under PEG Simulated Drought
    李可琪, 张天瑶, 李鸿洋, 杜媛媛, 赵飞雪, 徐佳丽, 徐爱遐, 李施蒙, 龙卫华, 黄镇
    Available online:  October 24, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (7) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.85 M] (72)
    Abstract:
    Brassica napus is the main source of edible vegetable oil in China, which plays an important role in the security of edible oil supply, and drought has seriously constrained the production of B. napus in China. Mining drought tolerance loci and candidate genes in B. napus germination will provide theoretical basis and technical support for breeding new drought-tolerant B. napus varieties. In this study, 145 B. napus germplasm resources were used for seed germination under normal and 15% PEG6000 conditions, respectively. The data of germination potential, seedling formation rate and germination index of different materials were investigated. The drought tolerance indicators were screened during germination and genome-wide association analysis was performed. The results showed that germination index could be used as an indicator of drought tolerance during the germination stage of B. napus. Total of 17 extreme drought-resistant and 9 extreme drought-sensitive germplasm were screened on the basis of germination index. A total of 14 SNP loci significantly associated with drought tolerance were detected by GWAS analysis of germination index using MLM (mixed linear model) in B. napus, which were distributed on two chromosomes, C07 and C09, with 11 loci on chromosome C07 and 3 loci on chromosome C09. Combing with the functional annotation of the candidate genes in the significantly associated SNP intervals and their expression data under different stresses, BnaC07G0290100ZS、BnaC07G0290500ZS and BnaC07G0290700ZS were significantly induced by drought stress, and it was hypothesized that BnaC07G0290100ZS、BnaC07G0290500ZS and BnaC07G0290700ZS are the key genes regulating drought tolerance in B. napus during germination stage.
    Physiological Response and Transcriptome Analysis of Exogenous Abscisic Acid to Cadmium Stress in Brassica napus
    Jin Chen, Zhao Yuquan, HUANG Xijin, HE Chunjun, ZHANG Dawei, XIAO Lu, LIU Lili
    Available online:  October 24, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (8) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.02 M] (72)
    Abstract:
    Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a crucial role in plant response to abiotic stress. However, the molecular mechanism by which ABA inhibits the absorption of cadmium (Cd) in Brassica napus seedlings remains to be elucidated. In this study, “Youfei 1” of Brassica napus L. was used as experimental material, and 10 μmol/L Cd2+ was added to Hoagland solution to simulate cadmium stress. The effects of 5 μmol/L ABA on photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll, carotenoid contents in leaves, cadmium content in above/below ground parts of seedlings and differential expression genes of rapeseed under cadmium stress were analyzed. The results showed that the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of rapeseed leaves were significantly increased, the contents of chlorophyll and carotenoid were decreased, and the contents of cadmium in aboveground and underground parts were significantly increased under Cd stress compared with the control group. The application of ABA could effectively reduce the leaf transpiration rate and stomatal conductance, as well as the contents of cadmium in aboveground and underground parts, and significantly increase the contents of chlorophyll a and carotenoid. Through transcriptome sequencing to screen differentially expressed genes, 514 genes were identified as upregulated and 431 genes as downregulated by ABA in response to Cd stress in Youfei 1. Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment revealed that differentially expressed genes were enriched in categories such as hemicellulose metabolism, oxidoreductase activity, phenolic compound metabolism, cell wall macromolecule metabolism, and system acquired resistance. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis indicated that differentially expressed genes were heavily enriched in pathways such as sucrose and starch metabolism, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, metabolic pathways, and the MAPK signaling pathway, etc. Further analysis of the different expression of genes related to lignin and hemicellulose metabolism. The results provided a reference for the regulation of physiological mechanism and molecular breeding in rapeseed under cadmium stress by exogenous ABA.
    QTL mapping of stalk strength-related traits in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)
    Xu Liang, LI Kaixiang, 杜德志
    Available online:  October 21, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240301003
    [Abstract] (4) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.64 M] (77)
    Abstract:
    Lodging not only reduces the yield, but also is the most important factor affecting mechanized harvesting. Improving the strength of stalk is an important target for lodging-resistant breeding.In this study, a doubled haploid (DH) population (GZ population) was developed via microspore culture from a cross F1 between the G922 and Zhongshuang 11 (ZS11). Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping for stalk strength and its related traits were performed. The main results are as follows: 1. The F1 progeny crossed by ZS11 and G922 had significant mid-parent heterosis in three traits, stalk diameter (SD), stalk rind thickness (SRT) and stalk bending strength (SBS). The correlation between the SBS and four traits, SD, SRT, stalk xylem thickness (SXT), rind penetrometer resistance (RPR), as well as between the RPR and SXT, were all positive significantly. 2. A genetic linkage map was constructed with 1984 SNP markers, and the total length was 2592.64 cM. 90 QTLs for stalk strength and its related traits were detected in four environments, in which 17 QTLs were identified in more than two environments, including six QTLs for SD, five QTLs for stalk strength (SS), two QTLs for SRT and four QTLs for SBS. The major QTL of SD, cqSD.C8-1 could be detected repeatedly in all four environments, and explained 14.67% of phenotypic variation. Two QTL clusters were found on chromosome A2 and C6, respectively, cqSD.A2 consisting of four SD QTLs and cqSS.C6 consisting of four SS QTLs. 3. Stem diameter QTL cluster cqSD.A2 and its three linked molecular markers (Bn-A02-p7893901, Bn-A02-p10176749, Bn-A02-p10668400), QTL cqSD.C8-1 and its two linked molecular markers (Bn scaff_25981_1-p90999, Bn scaff_16287_1-p366585) can be used for molecular marker assisted breeding..This study further enriches the genetic mechanism of stem lodging resistance in Brassica napus, laying the foundation for fine mapping of stem diameter traits and molecular marker assisted breeding.
    Drought Resistance Function Identification of Chrysanthemum CmMYB15-like Gene
    SHI Zhikun, ZHANG Yixue, SONG Ziyan, ZHANG Kaiming, LI Yonghua, LI Fei
    Available online:  September 27, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240520002
    [Abstract] (2) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.09 M] (114)
    Abstract:
    Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) has important ornamental and economic value. Drought reduces its yield and quality, resulting in great economic losses. Digging up drought-resistant genes in chrysanthemum and breeding drought-tolerant varieties is one of the keys to solving the above problems. MYB transcription factors are involved in plant growth and development and response to abiotic stress. This study involved the heterologous expression of the CmMYB15-like gene from chrysanthemum in Arabidopsis, followed by the observation of phenotypic changes under drought stress. The investigation of drought resistance function of this gene included measurement of relative water content (RWC), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, soluble sugars (SS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and lignin content. The results showed that overexpression of CmMYB15-like increased RWC and SS contents and SOD activity, decreased MDA content, and increased taproot length and lateral root number after drought stress, compared with the wild type. In addition, the lignin synthesis-related genes such as AtPAL2, AtPAL4 and At4CL1 were up-regulated, and the lignin content was higher than that in the wild type. These results indicate that CmMYB15-like is involved in the drought stress response of Arabidopsis Thaliana, which provides a theoretical basis for the selection of drought-resistant gene resources and breeding of chrysanthemum cultivars.
    Identification of Salt-Tolerant Germplasm During Seed Germination Period in 186 accession of Brassica napus
    焦茹玉, 朱羿霖, 谢其均, 谭文清, 曲亮, 刘新红, 邓力超, 刘丽莉, 严明理
    Available online:  September 18, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240223005
    [Abstract] (9) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.76 M] (149)
    Abstract:
    Salt stress severely inhibits the growth of plants, resulting in a decrease in crop yield. The germination period is the most sensitive phase for plants to salt damage. Therefore, establishing an accurate and convenient salt tolerance identification and evaluation system, as well as screening for salt-tolerant germplasm in Brassica napus, is crucial for enhancing the salt resistance of rapeseed varieties. In this study, the optimal concentration for salt tolerance identification during the germination period was determined to be 1.25% based on the salt damage index of 15 Brassica napus germplasms. At this concentration, the germination vigor, germination rate, root length, hypocotyl length, fresh weight, and dry weight of 186 Brassica napus germplasm resources were measured, and their salt tolerance indices were calculated. Conducting comprehensive salt tolerance assessment of rapeseed germplasm resources using analysis methods such as principal component analysis and membership functions. A salt tolerance comprehensive evaluation model was established, and suitable evaluation indicators were selected. The results showed that under 1.25% NaCl stress, there was a highly significant positive correlation among the relative germination vigor, relative germination rate, relative root length, relative hypocotyl length, relative fresh weight, and relative dry weight of Brassica napus. By employing principal component analysis, these six indicators were condensed into three principal components, which collectively account for a cumulative variance of 92.809%. Based on the weights of these three principal components, D values were calculated for various germplasms, resulting in the classification of 186 germplasms into four levels and the identification of five salt-tolerant materials. Furthermore, a mathematical evaluation model for salt tolerance identification in Brassica napus was established as D=0.111+0.201X1+0.165X2+0.381X5. The salt tolerance identification criteria and salt-tolerant materials chosen in this study have established the methodological and material groundwork for salt-tolerant rapeseed breeding.
    Research progress on physiological and molecular mechanisms of absorption, transport and utilization of iron in soybean
    Lu Yun, Yao Shu, Hu Xiaoyu, Zhi Xianguan, Wang Guoji, Wang Longlong, Wang Xiaobo, Li Jiajia
    Available online:  September 18, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240207001
    [Abstract] (18) [HTML] (0) [PDF 821.75 K] (211)
    Abstract:
    Iron is one of the essential metal elements in the life process of plant cells, which is involved in respiration, chlorophyll biosynthesis, photosynthesis and other life processes. The soil contains a large amount of iron, but the use of available iron is limited, resulting in iron deficiency in plants, which is directly related to their growth and development, pollen viability and quality formation, and thus resulting in yield loss. An important measure to solve this problem is how to improve the absorption and efficient utilization of iron in soybeans. Therefore, mastering the law of soybean iron absorption and utilization and clarifying the molecular genetic mechanism behind it are important prerequisites for achieving efficient utilization of iron in soybean. This article focuses on the absorption and transportation of iron in soybean, the involvement of iron in soybean nitrogen fixation, and the effects of iron deficiency and high iron on soybean. It reviews the progress, important scientific issues, and directions in the absorption, transportation mechanisms, and molecular regulation mechanisms of iron in soybean at home and abroad, aiming to provide theoretical information for the efficient utilization of iron nutrition in soybean.
    Genome-wide Variation Identification in peanut and Development of InDel Markers for Genetic Research
    ZHANG Xuejiao, JI Mudeng, WANG Liyuan, LI Qibiao, XU Lei, JIANG Ridong, XU Zhijun
    Available online:  September 18, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240206001
    [Abstract] (6) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.71 M] (132)
    Abstract:
    This study aimed to identify genetic variation in peanut genome,clarify their distribution characteristic,develop and verify InDel markers, and evaluate the efficiency of InDel markers in peanut cultivar identification. Genome resequencing data of 13 peanut cultivars were used to identify genome-wide variations, and a total of 313,432 high-quality SNPS and 38,777 high-quality InDel were detected, with an average distribution density of 123 and 15.23 /Mb, respectively. The InDels and SNPs were mainly distributed in intergenic regions, with a frequency of 52.35% and 60.08%, respectively, followed by upstream and downstream gene sequences, accounting for 36.12% and 32.49%. Primers were designed using InDel with insertion or deletion length ≥10 bp, and 3,675 InDel could be used to develop InDel markers. These InDel locus were unevenly distributed on the 20 chromosomes of peanut, and the marker density ranged from 1.08 (Chr02) to 2.45 (Chr08), with an average of 1.48 /Mb. Using electronic PCR, 2561 pairs of primers (69.69%) amplified 1~3 effective loci in the peanut reference genome. The physical map of amplification loci was drawn according to the loci position in cultivated peanut genome. Among 100 pairs of random primers, 31 pairs amplified different bands in the 4 varieties with distant relatives. The 31 InDel primer pairs amplified 62 alleles in 47 peanut varieties (or breeding lines), the frequency of major genes ranged from 0.51 to 0.98 with an average of 0.77, and the PIC information ranged from 0.04 to 0.37, with an average of 0.24. Both cluster analysis and population structure analysis could divide the 47 peanut varieties (or breeding lines) into two groups, and the 47 materials could be distinguished by at least 7 markers, indicating that the developed InDel markers could be effectively used for the assessment of genetic diversity and variety identification of peanut. The research results enriched the molecular markers of peanut, and provided a theoretical basis for the use of InDel markers in genetic studies of peanut resource genetic diversity, variety identification, fingerprint construction.
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    Advances in Germplasm Collection and Genetic Diversity Research of Wild Broomcorn Millet in China
    LIU Min-xuan, XU yue, LU Ping
    2020,21(6):1435-1445, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20200522001
    [Abstract] (1199) [HTML] (0) [PDF 30.14 M] (45030)
    Abstract:
    Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is a representative crop in dryland agriculture and has been cultivated for over 10,000 years. Wild broomcorn millet, widely distributed in fields alongside the cultivated broomcorn millet and in woodland edges and grasslands across Eurasia, plays a crucial role in studies of broomcorn millet origin and domestication history. This review summarizes the research progresses achieved in China in germplasm collection and conservation, identification and evaluation, and genetic diversity analysis of wild broomcorn millet, and in the relationship between the wild broomcorn millet and cultivated broomcorn millet, and proposes further project development and the core mission of collection, utilization and research of wild broomcorn millet resources in China.
    The Phenotypic Variations and Allelic Analysis of Different Dwarf Germplasm Resources in Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)
    ZHANG Min-juan, WANG Deng-ke, DUAN Shi-xiang, DOU Jun-ling, YANG Sen, LIU Dong-ming, NIU Huan-huan, ZHU Hua-yu, HU Jian-bin, SUN Shou-ru, MA Chang-sheng, YANG Lu-ming
    2022,23(5):1298-1309, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220616001
    [Abstract] (516) [HTML] (0) [PDF 35.18 M] (33679)
    Abstract:
    In recent years, facility cultivation in watermelon has become one of the main ways in China, and dwarf germplasm resources have been of interest considering their application for their unique advantages in facility cultivation. Dwarf is one important agronomic trait in modulating plant architecture, and dwarf watermelon varieties are adaptable for high-density planting, mechanizing management and pest control, which can effectively reduce costs and meet the current needs of simplified watermelon cultivation. In this study, 14 dwarf germplasms, which were collected from domestic and foreign countries, were subjected for self-pollination with several generations to obtain homozygous inbred lines. Fourteen dwarf germplasms were subjected for diallel crosses, and F1 hybrids and derived F2 populations were analyzed for plant architecture related agronomic traits. Based on allelic tests for 14 dwarf germplasms, two types (class-I and class-II) on the dwarf phenotype were observed. The dwarf trait in class-I mutants d1, d2, d3 and d6 was controlled by the same recessive gene Cldw1, while the dwarf trait in class-mutants was controlled by another recessive gene Cldf. The F1 hybrid derived from inter-crosses between two classes were observed with long vine, and the segregation ratio of the vine type in F2 population was 9:3:3:1, thus confirming that the dwarf trait in two types of mutants were controlled by two different recessive genes. The analysis of different dwarf germplasm mutants in this study provided better understanding of watermelon dwarf resources, which has implication in breeding for new watermelon dwarf varieties.
    Synthesis and cytological studies of allotriploid interspecies between Brassica carinata and Chinese kale
    luoshuangxia
    2013,14(2):361-366, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2013.02.028
    [Abstract] (5034) [HTML] (0) [PDF 29.26 M] (28195)
    Abstract:
    The allotriploid interspecies (BCC) were obtained by reciprocal crosses between Brassica carinata (2n=4x=BBCC=34) and Chinese kale (2n=2x=CC=18). The interspecies displayed a stronger growth than parents; the plant and flower type tended to parent B. carinata; and the flower color was the same as parent Chinese kale. Meiosis observation of the allotriploid showed that 9 bivalents and 8 univalents (9Ⅱ 8Ⅰ) were formed at diakinesis, and the two kind of chromosomes (B and C) tended to separate into two groups; at metaphaseⅠ, 9 bivalents of CC genome arranged on equatorial plane and 8 univalents of B genome distributed around the equatorial plane ; and at anaphaseⅠ, the distributions of chromosomes with 13/13 or 12/14 were in the majority. The obtain of this allotriploid (BCC) provides an important material for production of CC B alien addition lines and for study of chromosome homology between B and C genome.
    Wild Relatives of Agricultural Crop in Yunnan Province and Its Peripheral Area
    Gao Ainong
    2013,14(2):193-201, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2013.02.002
    [Abstract] (4374) [HTML] (0) [PDF 31.18 M] (22419)
    Abstract:
    The project of “investigation of biological resources of agriculture in Yunnan province and its peripheral area”belongs to National Basic Task Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology. The project has passed the acceptance inspection from the Ministry of Science and Technology in May, 2012, after it has been carried out for 5 years. Yunnan and its peripheral area are low latitudes and high altitudes, also the concentrative areas inhabited by minority nationality people, where the species of agricultural crops are quite abundant, so are the biological and genetic diversity, as a result, the wild relatives of agricultural crops are plenty. In this paper, the authors have introduced the wild relatives of food crops, economic crops, vegetable crops and fruit trees collected in Yunnan and its peripheral area in order to provide basic information and scientific evidences for the researches and development, and constituting the national conservation policy of the diversity of wild plants and scientific researches.
    Investigation and Nutrition Components Analysis of Wild Chives in Hezhang County of Guizhou Province
    WANG Hai-ping, QIU Yang, LI Fang-wei, SONG Jiang-ping, Zhang Xiao-hui, LI Xi-xiang
    2017,18(6):1137-1144, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2017.06.015
    [Abstract] (1622) [HTML] (0) [PDF 10.11 M] (21520)
    Abstract:
    Guizhou province is an important distribution area of wild allium, especially in Hezhang county. In order to understand and study the distribution, the wild Chinese chive in Hezhang county was investigated, and the main nutritional components were analyzed. The results indicated that there are mainly 3 kinds of wild Chinese chive distributed in Hezhang county, Allium wallichii Kunth., Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt.(tentatively named) and Allium hookeri Thwaites (tentatively named). . The geographical distribution, habitat and climate of the wild chives were investigated. Among 17 kinds of amino acids, except for proline, the contents of other amino acids in wild chives were higher than that of the cultivated chive. The sugar contents of wild chives were significantly lower than the cultivated chive. Among 9 trace elements, zinc and iron contents of Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt.were significantly higher than that of cultivated chives and other wild chives. Among 4 kinds of heavy metal, cadmium content in 3 kinds of wild chives exceed the limitation of national standard, especially the cadmium content in Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt. was significantly higher than the others. Content of arsenic, mercury and lead in Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt. also exceed the limitation of national standard; Vc content in leaves and stalk of Allium wallichii Kunth. in original habit was higher than that of cultivated chives. The biological characteristics and nutrition components of wild chives from Hezhang county were significantly different from that of cultivated chives, which will be important genetic resources for utilization and quality development of chives.
    Phenotypic DiversityAnalysis of Five Wild Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum Populations
    WANG Wen-xiao, CHENG Hao, XU Yu-feng, GE Hong, YANG Shu-hua, ZHAO Xin, WU Rong-hua, JIA Rui-dong
    2020,21(5):1196-1206, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20200109006
    [Abstract] (1266) [HTML] (0) [PDF 31.37 M] (21072)
    Abstract:
    In this study, we investigated the phenotypic diversity of 18 characters on five main natural populations of Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum that were collected from three provinces Yunnan, Guangxi and Guizhou in China. The statistical methods used included nested variance analysis, coefficient of variation, correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. The results revealed significant difference at most phenotypic traits among populations if compared to that within populations. The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient (VST) was 75.18%, indicating that the population diversity was largely contributed by the variation among populations. The average variation coefficient of the 18 phenotypic traits was variable from 6.36%–18.51%, with a higher degree of dispersion. PCA showed that plant height, length of ovary, scape height, length of maximum leaf, diameter of flower and length of synsepal were the main sources of phenotypic variation. Pearson correlation analysis showed that plant height, width of synsepal and width of dorsal sepal were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with the majority of plant traits, whereas only the length of synsepal was extremely significantly correlated with geographic factors. Cluster analysis revealed three groups from the five populations, which could be explained by the geographic distribution. This study found that populations of Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum have high genetic diversity, and the variation between populations is much higher than that within the population. The phenotypic diversity indicates that wild Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum populations should be protected as much as possible. Moreover, it is recommended that germplasm is preserved in nurseries and libraries in addition to in-situ conservation, and that an artificial reproduction system is established enhance our conservation efficiency.
    Genome-wide Association Study of Root System Architecture Related Traits in Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
    CHEN Gui-ju, JIN Yi-rong, LIU Cai-yun, JIA De-xin, FAN Qing-qi, LIU Jin-dong, LIU Peng
    2020,21(4):975-983, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20191126002
    [Abstract] (1314) [HTML] (0) [PDF 709.26 K] (20951)
    Abstract:
    The root system architecture (RSA) determines the composition of the root system and plays an irreplaceable role in crop growth and development. It is of great significance to analyze the genetic mechanism of wheat root architecture and the selection of varieties with better RSA traits in breeding for elite wheat varieties. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) is an effective method to analyze the genetic mechanism of complicated quantitative traits (i.e. RSA) in wheat. In the study, GWAS for RSA-related traits(total root length, total root surface area, total root volume, average root diameter and number of root tips) were conducted in 160 wheat accessions from Henan and Shandong, which were previously genotyped by wheat 660K SNP chip. Twenty-three loci associated with RSA related traits were detected from chromosomes 1A, 2A, 2B, 3B, 4A, 5A, 5B, 5D, 6A, 6B and 7B, and each explained the phenotypic variation variable from 7.2% to 12.8%. Among them, eleven loci are found to coincide with the formerly-reported loci, and the remaining 12 loci are newly identified. Taken together, this study is of significance to uncover the genetic structure of the root architecture with a potential in future breeding of high-yield and stress-resistant wheat cultivars.
    Combining ability of parents for main traits in sorghum panicles
    Long Wenjing, 赵甘霖, 丁国祥, 倪先林, 刘天朋, 汪小楷
    2017,18(5):867-873, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2017.05.008
    [Abstract] (1453) [HTML] (0) [PDF 7.64 M] (20528)
    Abstract:
    To explore the main characters of the genetic features of sorghum panicle and evaluate the use value of material of latest introduction and cultivation of sorghum parents, thus providing theoretical basis for breeding of sorghum panicle and reference. Four sorghum sterile lines(13163A, 1358A, 128A and 407A ) and 6 restorer lines (9.1R, 213R, 272R, 381R, Dwarf182R and Early21R) were mated, the combining ability of main traits of F1 generation’s panicles was analyzed according to incomplete diallel cross(NCII). The results showed that the main panicle traits exist significant genetic differences, the main performance for the additive gene effect of genetic traits are: spike length, primary branches number, secondary branch number, grain numbe per spike; Narrow heritability size order are: secondary branch number > primary branch number > spike length> grain number per spike > grain weight per spike >1000-kernel weight. Different parent’s general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) is significant difference in different traits. Sterile line 407A and restorer early 21R, 9.1R which has better comprehensive characteristic, have great potential applications in production of hybrid combinations. Restorer 272R combined with lower spike grain number and small grains characteristics can satisfy the market demand for small grain sorghum. In-depth analysis of sorghum hybrid parent main panicle traits, is conducive to the further understanding and use of parent material.
    Identification of QTL for Tassel Color in Maize
    yuanwenjuan
    2013,14(2):289-297, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2013.02.005
    [Abstract] (5131) [HTML] (0) [PDF 10.61 M] (20010)
    Abstract:
    Abstract: tassel is an important reproductive organ of maize and the appearance of different kinds of maize differ in thousands of ways .molecular markers, tightly linked with tassel color, could be screened by genetic analysis and QTL mapping of the color of the maize tassel. these molecular markers can be used as an useful tool for maize variety protection and species identification. Mean while, higher pigment content of anthocyan in purple tassel is closely related to the insect resistance of maize tassel. In this study, a black SDM of maize inbred lines were used as a common male parent and respectively hybrid with the white maize inbred lines of wood and yellow maize inbred line Mo17 to build two F2: 3 groups, respectively named MuS (Mu6 x SDM), and MoS (, Mo17 ?SDM).these two groups were planted in two different environments in Yunnan and Chongqing, then conduct QTL mapping about two traits, the anther color (COAn) and the anther capes color (COCa). The results showed that: the anther color and the anther cape color are both quantitative traits, jointly controlled by major genes and minor genes. Seven QTL related to anther color are detected from the two groups in two different environments. They are located in chromosome 2,3,6 and 10.The QTL within marker interval umc1196a-IDP8526 on the chromosome 10 both expressed in Chongqing and Yunnan, and the contribution rate of the phenotype were 23.17% and 19.98%; nine QTL related to anther cape color are detected from the two groups in two environments, located in chromosome 3, 6, 9 and 10 .Among them, three QTL are environmental insensitive (they express in both two environments and the contribution rate are greater than 10%), which respectively in the marker interval umc1979-umc1796 mmc0523-umc2006 in chromosome 6 and the marker interval umc1196a-umc2043 in the chromosome 10 and the contribution rate of the phenotype ranges from 10.69% to 59.30%. The location and effect of the major QTL detected from these two groups have a high degree of consistency, and the major QTL controlling the two traits of anther color and anther cape color have the phenomenon of chain of distribution, mainly near the marker mmc0523 at bin6.04 and the marker IDP8526 at bin10.04. QTL that located on chromosome 6 and 10, and that are stable in different environments and genetic backgrounds can be regarded as the target sites used for further fine mapping. They can also provide a valuable reference for marker-assisted selection of maize tassel color.
    Analysis of sugars and acid contents and its compositions in different ecological peach cultivar groups
    ZHU Geng-rui, WANG Xin-wei, CAO Ke, FANG Wei-chao, CHEN Chang-wen, WANG Li-rong
    2017,18(5):891-904, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2017.05.011
    [Abstract] (1892) [HTML] (0) [PDF 14.14 M] (19852)
    Abstract:
    Abstract: Studies were conducted on the distributions of sugar and acids contents of 118 doses of peach accessions, which contain six cultivar groups in China, for providing reliable evidences of high quality peach breeding selection. In this study Soluble sugar was detected by fehling reagent. Titratable acidity was detected by NaOH.Sugar and organic acid compositions in 295 peach accessions were detected using the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Result:1) Cultivars derived from Yunnan-Guizhou plateau, Southern China Contain high value of sugar compositions (fructose, sucrose), soluble sugar, total sugar, but those are low in cultivars of Northwest China. Cultivars of Changjiang River Region and Northeast China contain high value of fructose.Cultivars derived from North China Plain, Changjiang River Region and Southern China contain low value of titratable acidity , some acid compositions(citrale, quinate, malate) and total acid, but those are high in cultivars of Northwest China. Cultivars derived from North China Plain, Changjiang River Region and Southern China contain high value of SS/TA, SSC/TA and ‘Total sugar/ Total acid’, but those are low in cultivars of Northwest China, Yunnan-Guizhou plateau and Northeast China. 2) For sugar compositions in different cultivars, Ratio of ‘fructose to total sugar’ is the highest in Changjiang River Region cultivars, Northwest China cultivars have a high level of ‘glucose to total sugar’. The ratio of ‘sorbitol to total sugar’ is the highest in Southern China cultivars, but the Northest China cultivars have the lowest level. Ratio of ‘sucrose to total sugar’ have no significant difference in six ecological cultivar groups. For the analysis of acid compositions, Changjiang River Region cultivars have high level of citrale, but cultivars of Southern China have a lower level, which have the highest level of quinate. The ratios of succinic and malate acids have no significant difference in six ecological cultivar groups.
    Study on the Floral characteristics Characteristics and Sstructure in Two Types of Male Sterile Lines of Bbroccoli（Brassica oleracea var.italica）
    shu jin shuai, Liu Yumei, 方智远, 李占省, 孙培田, 杨丽梅, 张黎黎, 张扬勇, 庄木
    2014,15(1):113-119, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2014.01.015
    [Abstract] (3977) [HTML] (0) [PDF 7.81 M] (19314)
    Abstract:
    Broccoli is an important cruciferous vegetable, it has a good anti-cancer effect, with the expanding cultivation area of broccoli and the developing of anticancer drug, the demand for broccoli seeds are increasing. Using male sterile line to produce F1 generation seeds is an important way to utilize of heterosis, but the cytoplasmic male sterile lines commonly used in production have the problems of the buds death are heavier in the early, nectar volume is less and seeds production are low. Our group makes excellent broccoli inbred lines as male parent. cabbage dominant genic male sterility material 79-399-3 and cytoplasmic male sterile material OguraCMSR3 629 as the infertility sources, we have obtained multiple dominant genic male sterile lines and cytoplasmic male sterile lines of broccoli through backcrossing method, in order to further effectively use of broccoli male sterile lines and search for better infertility sources, The the differences of the bud death numbers, floral organ structure and number of or frequecing bees visiting flowers among dominant genic male sterile（DGMS）lines，cytoplasmic male sterile（CMS）lines and inbred lines of broccoli 8554, 8590 and 93219 were studied. The results showed that the differences of the bud length, bud diameter, death buds of single branch, corolla diameter, stamen length, anther length, petal length, the times of visiting bees, the number of visiting bees and the time of bees staying on the flower between DGMS and CMS of lines 8554, 8590 and 93219 were significant. On As athe whole, above characteristics in DGMS lines were significantly better than CMS lines.
    Crop gene pyramiding molecular breeding
    徐小万, 雷建军, 罗少波, 李颖, 王恒明
    2010,11(3):364-368, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2010.03.003
    [Abstract] (7538) [HTML] (0) [PDF 546.74 K] (17657)
    Abstract:
    Most agronomic charateristics and complex biosynthetic pathways are determined by the coordination of multiple gene expression ,and gene pyramiding molecular breeding combined with conventional breeding techniques have become the main means for the crop breeding.Gene pyramiding molecular breeding includes genetic transformation molecular breeding and marker-assisted selection molecular breeding. The research progress of crop genetic pyramiding molecular breeding in recent were reviewed. The research methods, the countermeasures on the existing problems of gene pyramiding molecular breeding were discussed and the prospects were described as well in this paper.
    Analysis on Genetic Diversity of Barbarea Vulgaris Germplasm Resources Based on Phenotypic Traits
    Liu Tongjin, , , , , and
    2015,16(3):528-534, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2015.03.014
    [Abstract] (3939) [HTML] (0) [PDF 19.71 M] (16966)
    Abstract:
    Barbarea vulgaris is an excellent cruciferous plant, particularly being ideal as a model species to study saponin biosynthesis, insect resistance, and coevolution of plants and insect pest. In order to make full use of B. vulgaris germplasm, the genetic diversity was analyzed among the 34 accessions conserved in the national mid-term gene bank for vegetables, based on the phenologic, morphological and insect resistance data from the field investigation. The results showed significant morphological diversity in B. vulgaris germplasm from Europe. Among the 34 accession, BV13-BAR13 bolted earliest, 47 days earlier than the latest bolting material (BV13-BAR9). Most of the B. vulgaris germplasm have glabrous leaves, strong tillering ability and more leaf numbers. The range and coefficient variation (CV) of the plant height, silique length and inflorescence length are the highest among all traits. Only 9 of 34 B. vulgaris are susceptible to the diamondback moth, most accessions are highly resistant to the pest. The clustering analysis showed that 34 accessions can be divided into 3 groups. The resistant and susceptible germplasm were distributed to different groups, reflecting their genetic relationships. Our research will provide useful materials and information for the genetic breeding of insect resistant B. Vulgaris and cruciferae crops.
    Composition Variation of High Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunits in the Doubling Haploids from Anther Culture and the Crossing Hybrids in Wheat
    Han Xiaofeng, Ye Xingguo, Liu Xiaolei, We Yiqin, Yan Yueming, Du Lipu
    2010,11(6):671-677, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2010.06.004
    [Abstract] (4966) [HTML] (0) [PDF 0.00 Byte] (16860)
    Abstract:
    High molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) in the doubling haploids from stable cultivars and the crossing hybrids between different varieties of common wheat were analyzed to explore the possibility of improving the subunit compositions by anther culture and commercial crossing. Double haploids from five wheat genotypes of Alondra, Orofen, Xinchun9, Verry, and Bainong3217 were obtained by anther culture, and different hybrids were made each other from different wheat lines with different HMW-GS constitutions such as Xingchun9, Jing771, CB037, CS, Ningchun4, Bobwhite, and yangmai12 by crossing. Then, SDS-PAGE was used to analyze the populations of the doubling haploids and the crossing hybrids for HMW-GS combinations. The results indicated that frequent variation of HMW-GS happened in the doubled haploids with a rate up to 61.8% in the test genotypes, among which Alondra and Bainong3217 gave higher variation frequency than other three varieties, and several subunits might be new ones which are not present in the corresponding wild types, but need to be identified further. Comparing with the donor lines, the typical double haploids varied in HMW-GS were not changed in main agronomic characteristics such as plant height, growth period, and grain weight. In most F1 hybrids, the expression of all HMW-GS appeared to be co-dominant, but the expression of one or two HMW-GSs was did found to be suppressed in a few F1 crosses. Cytoplasm of female parents was found to have some effect on the expression of very few subunits in a few crosses. At the same time, 2-3 possible new subunits that did not exist in the parents were observed in the two crosses, Ningchun4/CB037 and Jing771/Ningchun4. By continuous self-crossing and tracing of the new subunits, stable lines expressing the putative new subunits were obtained from the two crosses mentioned above. Variation of HMW-GSs constitution or new HMW-GS can be induced by anther culture and normal cross. Co-dominant of HMW-GS expression did not definitely exist in all F1 crosses. Cytoplasm did effect the expression of HMW-GS in some cases. The present study is theoretical and practical valuable for the improvement of wheat processing quality and the further understanding of the genetic and structural features of HMW-GSs encoding genes.
    The Wild Dactylis glomerata Germplasm Resources of Hengduan Mountains in Southwest China
    钟声, 黄梅芬, 段新慧
    2010,11(1):1-4, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2010.01.001
    [Abstract] (5450) [HTML] (0) [PDF 422.92 K] (16787)
    Abstract:
    Hengduan mountains lie in southwest of China,which is famous by the extending from south to north.There widely distribute wild Dactylis glomerata germplasm resources,which belongs to subspecies glomerata,and subspecies himalayensis.The distribution range of two subspecies is nearly the same,but much difference existed in the morphological characters and phenological development in two subspecies.Through hybridization of subspecies himalayensis and subspecies glomerata in artificial condition,triploid offspring may be obtained.But no definite evidence has been found that hybrid triploid offspring was existed by crossbreeding of two subspecies in natural condition.In recent decade years,many basal studies about the two subspecies have been done in China,but a few were about the protection and utilization.Thinking about the origin,it can be sure that subspecies himalayensis belong to natural origin ecotype,but subspecies glomerata was likely to belong to naturalization species.Because of the competing threat from the subspecies glomerata,it is necessary to reinforce the protection and utilization studies about the subspecies himalayensis.
    Diversity Analysis of Chinese Wild Grape Species
    chengdawei, jiangjianfu, fanxiucai, zhangying, , liuchonghuai
    2013,14(6):996-1012, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2013.06.003
    [Abstract] (4880) [HTML] (0) [PDF 18.28 M] (16577)
    Abstract:
    China is one of the major origin centres of Vitis species, and has lots of grape species and inherited resource in the world. There are 40 species, 1 subspecies and 13 varieties originated from China. According to the “description standard and data standard for grape (Vitis L.)”, taking a number of character index as a identification parameters, the genetic. diversity of 23 Chinese wild grape species were analysised by identifying botany characteristics and agronomic traits.The results showed that Chinese wild grape had rich diversity in main phenophase, young shoot down, young shoot color, blade shape, blade color, teeth, berry size, skin color, berry flavor, floral organs and so on, with abundant genetic diversity. It can provide reference for classification,evolution and breeding of vitis . It is suggested that “description standard and data standard for grape (Vitis L.)” for further revision and improvement, in order to adapt Chinese wild vitis resource diversity evaluation research.
    Phenotype Analysis and Low-resolution Mapping of a Stripe-Leaf Mutant t122 in Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica L.)
    ZHANG Shuo, ZHI Hui, ZHANG Wei, TANG Chan-juan, LUO Ming-zhao, TANG Sha, JIA Guan-qing, JIA Yan-chao, LIU Gang, HUANG Zhi-mou, CAI Hai-ya, JIAO Chun-hai, DIAO Xian-min
    2022,23(4):1076-1084, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220211001
    [Abstract] (344) [HTML] (0) [PDF 36.21 M] (16196)
    Abstract:
    Leaf color is usually determined by the number, structure, and photosynthetic characters of the chloroplast. Isolation of the functional genes in leaf discoloration mutants of the C4 model plant foxtail millet and deciphering their functions is a way to disclose the regulation mechanism of C4 plant chloroplast biogenesis, development and photosynthesis. In this study, a stripe-leaf mutant t122 was identified from the EMS-induced mutant library of the foxtail millet variety Yugu1. The mutant t122 was observed with developmental retardation, and irregular white stripes on leaves. In contrast to the wild type, the significant decrease on the plant height, leaf length, leaf width, main panicle diameter, main panicle weight, and seed setting rate was observed in t122 mutant, whereas an increase on the panicle number per plant was detected. The photosynthetic capacity of t122 was impaired. By the leaf anatomy analysis, no significant difference in the distance between leaf veins, the number of cell layers between vascular bundles, and the cross-sectional cell area of leaves was observed in t122; however, an increased on the leaf cell length was detected. The ultrastructural observation of chloroplasts showed that, in t122 the chloroplasts showing functional structure were only detected in subsets of leaf cells. The segregation analysis suggested that the stripe-leaf trait of t122 was controlled by a single recessive nuclei-encoding gene. Using the method of MutMap, the candidate gene was mapped to the region of 24.0 Mb - 30.0 Mb on chromosome 3. Collectively, these results laid a good foundation for future cloning and functional characterization of the stripe-leaf gene in foxtail millet.
    Advances in Genetics and breeding of High oleic acid peanut
    陈 静
    2011,12(2):190-196, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2011.02.009
    [Abstract] (5658) [HTML] (0) [PDF 503.46 K] (16145)
    Abstract:
    Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) is an important oilseed and economic crop in China. Oleic content and linoleic content of peanut seed add up to 80%. Oleic acid is an important factor that affects physical and chemical stability and nutritional value of peanut oil. Breeding peanut variety with high oleic content is an important breeding objective of peanut quality to promote international competitiveness and meet domestic consumption demand since 2000. Increasing oleic content in peanut significantly improves the nutritional quality. In this paper, we summarize mutants of high oleic peanut, the genetic characteristics of high oleic acid content and analyse pedigree relationship of high oleic acid peanut varieties and developing methods. Our purpose is to improve high oleic breeding of China peanut.
    Investigation and Taxonomy of Wild Fragaria Resources in the South of Qinling Mountain in Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province of China
    GUO Rui-xue, CHENG Yuan-yi, XI Hui, XUE Li, LEI Jia-jun, WANG Lian-jun
    2022,23(5):1393-1399, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220225002
    [Abstract] (521) [HTML] (0) [PDF 44.50 M] (15873)
    Abstract:
    To understand the genus Fragaria resources distributed in the south of Qinling Mountain in Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province of China, the wild strawberries were surveyed during 2019-2021 (latitude, 32°49′46″ to 33°19′38″; longitude, 106°09′23″ to 106°40′23″). The investigation sites include eight villages of three counties (Mengjiahe Village and Wangjiazhuang Village in Lueyang County; Erliba Village and Dashuya Village in Ningqiang County; Liziba Village, Lijiagou Village, Qiuqiya Village and Toudaohe Village in Mi'an County). A total of 57 wild strawberry accessions were collected in this survey. These accessions were identified and classified into three Fragaria species including Fragaria nilgerrensis Schlect., F. chinensis Lozinsk. and F. pentaphylla Lozinsk. (white-fruited), and two types including F. pentaphylla pink-fruited genotype and F. pentaphylla red-fruited genotype through botanical character observation and ploidy identification. Among them, F. pentaphylla was found to be predominant in population. These wild strawberries were found in the vertical space of 849 - 1352 m above sea level, such as mountains, forests, streams, roadsides, barren fields and rock walls. We provided the characters of the collected Fragaria species in detail, and proposed the suggestions on the protection and utilization of local wild strawberry resources.
    Molecular Mechanism and Application of HSP90 in Plants
    Qi Yan and
    2013,14(1):111-116, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2013.01.017
    [Abstract] (4522) [HTML] (0) [PDF 0.00 Byte] (15680)
    Abstract:
    Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) widely mediated stress signal transduction, and plays an important role in the control of normal growth of human cells and in the promoting tumor cell development. At present, HSP90 has become forefront projects of cellular immunity, signal transduction and anti-cancer investigation. The physiological function of HSP90 start later in plant than in animal and fungi. Recent researches revealed that plant HSP90 plays an important role in development, environmental stress response and disease resistance. This paper discussed the molecular functions of HSP90, and systematically reviews latest progresses on molecular mechanism of plant HSP90 as well as improvement of plant resistance to facalitate broaden work.

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